Incidents Related to Kentucky Motor Speedway
管理会计12版 加里森 东北财经大学出版 课后习题答案
Chapter 2Cost Terms, Concepts, and Classifications Solutions to Questions2-1The three major elements of product costs in a manufacturing company are direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing over-head.2-2a.Direct materials are an integral part of a finished product and their costs can be conven-iently traced to it.b.Indirect materials are generally small items of material such as glue and nails. They may be an integral part of a finished product but their costs can be traced to the product only at great cost or inconvenience. Indirect materials are ordinarily classified as manufacturing over-head.c.Direct labor includes those labor costs that can be easily traced to particular products. Direct labor is also called “touch labor.”d.Indirect labor includes the labor costs of janitors, supervisors, materials handlers, and other factory workers that cannot be conven-iently traced to particular products. These labor costs are incurred to support production, but the workers involved do not directly work on the product.e.Manufacturing overhead includes all manufacturing costs except direct materials and direct labor.2-3 A product cost is any cost involved in purchasing or manufacturing goods. In the case of manufactured goods, these costs consist of direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. A period cost is a cost that is taken directly to the income statement as an expense in the period in which it is incurred.2-4The income statement of a manufactur-ing company differs from the income statement of a merchandising company in the cost of goods sold section. The merchandising company sells finished goods that it has purchased from a supplier. These goods are listed as “Purchases” in the cost of goods sold section. Since the manufacturing company produces its goods rather than buying them from a supplier, it lists “Cost of Goods Manufactured” in place of “Pur-chases.” Also, the manufacturing company iden-tifies its inventory in this section as “Finished Goods Inventory,” rather than as “Merchandise Inventory.”2-5The schedule of cost of goods manufac-tured lists the manufacturing costs that have been incurred during the period. These costs are organized under the three major categories of direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. The total costs incurred are adjusted for any change in the Work in Process inventory to determine the cost of goods manufactured (i.e. finished) during the period.The schedule of cost of goods manufac-tured ties into the income statement through the Cost of Goods Sold section. The cost of goods manufactured is added to the beginning Finished Goods inventory to determine the goods available for sale. In effect, the cost of goods manufactured takes the place of the “Purchases” account in a merchandising firm.2-6 A manufacturing company has three inventory accounts: Raw Materials, Work in Process, and Finished Goods. A merchandising company generally identifies its inventory ac-count simply as Merchandise Inventory.2-7Since product costs accompany units of product into inventory, they are sometimes called inventoriable costs. The flow is from di-rect materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead to Work in Process. As goods are com-pleted, their cost is removed from Work in Proc-ess and transferred to Finished Goods. As goods are sold, their cost is removed from Finished Goods and transferred to Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of Goods Sold is an expense on the income statement.2-8Yes, costs such as salaries and depre-ciation can end up as assets on the balance sheet if these are manufacturing costs. Manu-facturing costs are inventoried until the associ-ated finished goods are sold. Thus, if some units are still in inventory, such costs may be part of either Work in Process inventory or Finished Goods inventory at the end of a period.2-9Cost behavior refers to how a cost will react or respond to changes in the level of activ-ity.2-10No. A variable cost is a cost that varies, in total, in direct proportion to changes in the level of activity. A variable cost is constant per unit of product. A fixed cost is fixed in total, but will vary inversely on an average per-unit basis with changes in the level of activity.2-11When fixed costs are involved, the av-erage cost of a unit of product will depend on the number of units being manufactured. As production increases, the average cost per unit will fall as the fixed cost is spread over more units. Conversely, as production declines, the average cost per unit will rise as the fixed cost is spread over fewer units.2-12Manufacturing overhead is an indirect cost since these costs cannot be easily and con-veniently traced to particular units of products. 2-13 A differential cost is a cost that differs between alternatives in a decision. An opportu-nity cost is the potential benefit that is given up when one alternative is selected over another. A sunk cost is a cost that has already been in-curred and cannot be altered by any decision taken now or in the future.2-14No; differential costs can be either vari-able or fixed. For example, the alternatives might consist of purchasing one machine rather than another to make a product. The difference in the fixed costs of purchasing the two ma-chines would be a differential cost. 2-15Direct labor cost(34 hours × $15 per hour) .............$510 Manufacturing overhead cost(6 hours × $15 per hour) (90)Total wages earned...........................$6002-16Direct labor cost(45 hours × $14 per hour) .............$630 Manufacturing overhead cost(5 hours × $7 per hour) (35)Total wages earned...........................$6652-17Costs associated with the quality of con-formance can be broken down into prevention costs, appraisal costs, internal failure costs, and external failure costs. Prevention costs are in-curred in an effort to keep defects from occur-ring. Appraisal costs are incurred to detect de-fects before they can create further problems. Internal and external failure costs are incurred as a result of producing defective units.2-18Total quality costs are usually minimized by increasing prevention and appraisal costs in order to reduce internal and external failure costs. Total quality costs usually decrease as prevention and appraisal costs increase.2-19Shifting the focus to prevention and away from appraisal is usually the most effective way to reduce total quality costs. It is usually more effective to prevent defects than to at-tempt to fix them after they have occurred.2-20First, a quality cost report helps manag-ers see the financial consequences of defects. Second, the report may help managers identify the most important areas for improvement. Third, the report helps managers see whether quality costs are appropriately distributed among prevention, appraisal, internal failure, and external failure costs.2-21Most accounting systems do not track and accumulate the costs of quality. It is par-ticularly difficult to get a feel for the magnitude of quality costs since they are incurred in many departments throughout the organization.1. The cost of a hard-drive installed in a computer: direct materials cost.2. The cost of advertising in the Puget Sound Computer User newspaper:marketing and selling cost.3. The wages of employees who assemble computers from components:direct labor cost.4. Sales commissions paid to the company’s salespeople: marketing andselling cost.5. The wages of the assembly shop’s supervisor: manufacturing overheadcost.6. The wages of the company’s accountant: administrative cost.7. Depreciation on equipment used to test assembled computers before re-lease to customers: manufacturing overhead cost.8. Rent on the facility in the industrial park: a combination of manufactur-ing overhead, administrative, and marketing and selling cost. The rent would most likely be prorated on the basis of the amount of space oc-cupied by manufacturing, administrative, and marketing operations.Product Cost PeriodCost1. Depreciation on salespersons’ cars .......................... X2. Rent on equipment used in the factory....................X3. Lubricants used for maintenance of machines ..........X4. Salaries of finished goods warehouse personnel .......X5. Soap and paper towels used by factory workers atthe end of a shift.................................................X 6. Factory supervisors’ salaries....................................X 7. Heat, water, and power consumed in the factory......X 8. Materials used for boxing products for shipmentoverseas (units are not normally boxed)................ X 9. Advertising costs....................................................X10. Workers’ compensation insurance on factory em-ployees...............................................................X 11. Depreciation on chairs and tables in the factorylunchroom ..........................................................X 12. The wages of the receptionist in the administrativeoffices ................................................................ X 13. Lease cost of the corporate jet used by the com-pany's executives ................................................ X 14. Rent on rooms at a Florida resort for holding theannual sales conference....................................... X 15. Attractively designed box for packaging the com-pany’s product—breakfast cereal ..........................XCyberGamesIncome StatementSales....................................................... $1,450,000Cost of goods sold:Beginning merchandise inventory............$ 240,000Add: Purchases...................................... 950,000Goods available for sale.......................... 1,190,000 Deduct: Ending merchandise inventory.... 170,000 1,020,000Gross margin...........................................430,000Less operating expenses:Selling expense...................................... 210,000Administrative expense........................... 180,000 390,000Net operating income...............................$ 40,000Lompac ProductsSchedule of Cost of Goods ManufacturedDirect materials:Beginning raw materials inventory.............$ 60,000Add: Purchases of raw materials............... 690,000Raw materials available for use.................Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory..... 45,000Raw materials used in production..............$ 705,000 Direct labor................................................135,000 Manufacturing overhead............................. 370,000 Total manufacturing costs...........................Add: Beginning work in process inventory.... 120,000Deduct: Ending work in process inventory.... 130,000 Cost of goods manufactured........................ $1,200,000A few of these costs may generate debate. For example, some may arguethat the cost of advertising a Madonna rock concert is a variable cost sincethe number of people who come to the rock concert depends on theamount of advertising. However, one can argue that if the price is within reason, any Madonna rock concert in New York City will be sold out andthe function of advertising is simply to let people know the event will be happening. Moreover, while advertising may affect the number of personswho ultimately buy tickets, the causation is in one direction. If more peoplebuy tickets, the advertising costs don’t go up.Cost Behavior1. X-ray film used in the radiology lab at VirginiaMason Hospital in Seattle (X)2. The costs of advertising a Madonna rock con-cert in New York City (X)3. Rental cost of a McDonald’s restaurant build-ing in Hong Kong (X)4. The electrical costs of running a roller coasterat Magic Mountain (X)5. Property taxes on your local cinema (X)6. Commissions paid to salespersons at Nord-strom (X)7. Property insurance on a Coca-Cola bottlingplant (X)8. The costs of synthetic materials used to makeNike running shoes (X)9. The costs of shipping Panasonic televisions toretail stores (X)10. The cost of leasing an ultra-scan diagnosticmachine at the American Hospital in Paris (X)Cost Costing object Direct Cost IndirectCost1. The wages of pediatricnursesThe pediatric depart-ment X2. Prescription drugs A particular patient X3. Heating the hospital The pediatric depart-ment X4. The salary of the headof pediatricsThe pediatric depart-ment X 5. The salary of the headof pediatricsA particular pediatricpatient X 6. Hospital chaplain’s sal-aryA particular patientX7. Lab tests by outsidecontractorA particular patientX8. Lab tests by outsidecontractorA particular departmentXItem Differential Cost Opportunity Cost SunkCost1. Cost of the old X-ray machine........X 2. The salary of the head of theRadiology Department................ 3. The salary of the head of thePediatrics Department................4. Cost of the new color laserprinter.......................................X 5. Rent on the space occupied byRadiology.................................. 6. The cost of maintaining the oldmachine....................................X 7. Benefits from a new DNA ana-lyzer ......................................... X 8. Cost of electricity to run the X-ray machines.............................XNote: The costs of the salaries of the head of the Radiology Department and Pediatrics Department and the rent on the space occupied by Radiol-ogy are neither differential costs, nor opportunity costs, nor sunk costs. These are costs that do not differ between the alternatives and are there-fore irrelevant in the decision, but they are not sunk costs since they occur in the future.1. No. It appears that the overtime spent completing the job was simply amatter of how the job happened to be scheduled. Under these circum-stances, an overtime premium probably should not be charged to a cus-tomer whose job happens to fall at the end of the day’s schedule.2. Direct labor cost: 9 hours × $14 per hour............$126General overhead cost: 1 hour × $7 per hour (7)Total labor cost..................................................$1333. A charge for an overtime premium might be justified if the customer re-quested a “rush” order that caused the overtime.1.PreventionCost AppraisalCostInternalFailureCostExternalFailureCosta. Product testing (X)b. Product recalls (X)c. Rework labor and overhead..Xd. Quality circles (X)e. Downtime caused by de-fects (X)f. Cost of field servicing (X)g. Inspection of goods (X)h. Quality engineering (X)i. Warranty repairs (X)j. Statistical process control (X)k. Net cost of scrap (X)l. Depreciation of test equip-ment (X)m. Returns and allowancesarising from poor quality (X)n. Disposal of defective prod-ucts (X)o. Technical support to suppli-ers (X)p. Systems development (X)q. Warranty replacements (X)r. Field testing at customersite (X)s. Product design (X)2. Prevention costs and appraisal costs are incurred in an effort to keeppoor quality of conformance from occurring. Internal and external failurecosts are incurred because poor quality of conformance has occurred.© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. All rights reserved.1.Mason CompanySchedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured Direct materials:Raw materials inventory, beginning..................$ 7,000Add: Purchases of raw materials...................... 118,000Raw materials available for use........................125,000Deduct: Raw materials inventory, ending.......... 15,000Raw materials used in production.....................$110,000 Direct labor....................................................... 70,000 Manufacturing overhead:Indirect labor.................................................30,000Maintenance, factory equipment......................6,000Insurance, factory equipment (800)Rent, factory facilities......................................20,000Supplies.........................................................4,200Depreciation, factory equipment...................... 19,000Total overhead costs......................................... 80,000 Total manufacturing costs..................................260,000 Add: Work in process, beginning........................ 10,000270,000 Deduct: Work in process, ending........................ 5,000 Cost of goods manufactured.............................. $265,000 2. The cost of goods sold section of Mason Company’s income statement:Finished goods inventory, beginning............$ 20,000Add: Cost of goods manufactured................ 265,000Goods available for sale..............................285,000Deduct: Finished goods inventory, ending.... 35,000Cost of goods sold......................................$250,000© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. All rights reserved.Selling andCost Behavior Administrative ProductCost Item Variable Fixed Cost Cost1. Hamburger buns at aWendy’s outlet...........X X2. Advertising by a dentaloffice........................ X X3. Apples processed andcanned by Del Monte.X X4. Shipping canned ap-ples from a DelMonte plant to cus-tomers......................X X5. Insurance on a Bausch& Lomb factory pro-ducing contactlenses....................... X X 6. Insurance on IBM’scorporate headquar-ters........................... X X7. Salary of a supervisoroverseeing produc-tion of printers atHewlett-Packard........ X X 8. Commissions paid toEncyclopedia Britan-nica salespersons.......X X9. Depreciation of factorylunchroom facilitiesat a General Electricplant......................... X X 10. Steering wheels in-stalled in BMWs.........X X© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. All rights reserved.1. a. Batteries purchased......................................................... 8,000Batteries drawn from inventory.........................................7,600 Batteries remaining in inventory (400)Cost per battery.............................................................. × $10 Cost in Raw Materials Inventory at April 30........................$4,000b. Batteries used in production (7,600 – 100)........................7,500Motorcycles completed and transferred to Finished Goods(90% × 7,500 = 6,750).................................................6,750 Motorcycles still in Work in Process at April 30. (750)Cost per battery.............................................................. × $10 Cost in Work in Process Inventory at April 30.....................$7,500c. Motorcycles completed and transferred to Finished Goods(see above)..................................................................6,750 Motorcycles sold during the month (70% × 6,750 =4,725).......................................................................... 4,725 Motorcycles still in Finished Goods at April 30....................2,025 Cost per battery.............................................................. × $10 Cost in Finished Goods Inventory at April 30......................$20,250d. Motorcycles sold during the month (above).......................4,725Cost per battery.............................................................. × $10 Cost in Cost of Goods Sold at April 30............................... $47,250e. Batteries used in salespersons’ motorcycles (100)Cost per battery.............................................................. × $10 Cost in Selling Expense at April 30.................................... $ 1,000 2. Raw Materials Inventory—balance sheetWork in Process Inventory—balance sheetFinished Goods Inventory—balance sheetCost of Goods Sold—income statementSelling Expense—income statement© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. All rights reserved.1. Direct labor cost: 31 hours × $14 per hour...................$434Manufacturing overhead cost: 9 hours × $14 per hour (126)Total cost................................................................... $5602. Direct labor cost: 48 hours × $14 per hour...................$672Manufacturing overhead cost: 8 hours × $7 per hour (56)Total cost................................................................... $7283. A company could treat the cost of fringe benefits relating to direct laborworkers as part of manufacturing overhead. This approach spreads the cost of such fringe benefits over all units of output. Alternatively, the company could treat the cost of fringe benefits relating to direct labor workers as additional direct labor cost. This latter approach charges the costs of fringe benefits to specific jobs rather than to all units of output.© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. All rights reserved.1. T otal wages for the week:Regular time: 40 hours × $20 per hour....................$800 Overtime: 6 hours × $30 per hour (180)Total wages..............................................................$980 Allocation of total wages:Direct labor: 46 hours × $20 per hour......................$920 Manufacturing overhead: 6 hours × $10 per hour.. (60)Total wages..............................................................$9802. T otal wages for the week:Regular time: 40 hours × $20 per hour....................$ 800 Overtime: 8 hours × $30 per hour (240)Total wages..............................................................$1,040 Allocation of total wages:Direct labor: 45 hours × $20 per hour......................$ 900 Manufacturing overhead:Idle time: 3 hours × $20 per hour.........................$60Overtime premium: 8 hours × $10 per hour........... 80 140 Total wages..............................................................$1,0403. T otal wages and fringe benefits for the week:Regular time: 40 hours × $20 per hour....................$ 800 Overtime: 10 hours × $30 per hour. (300)Fringe benefits: 50 hours × $6 per hour (300)Total wages and fringe benefits............................$1,400 Allocation of wages and fringe benefits:Direct labor: 48 hours × $20 per hour......................$ 960overhead:ManufacturingIdle time: 2 hours × $20 per hour.........................$ 40Overtime premium: 10 hours × $10 per hour (100)Fringe benefits: 50 hours × $6 per hour................ 300 440 Total wages and fringe benefits.................................$1,400© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. All rights reserved.© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. All rights reserved.Solutions Manual, Chapter 2354. A llocation of wages and fringe benefits: Direct labor: Wage cost: 48 hours × $20 per hour..................... $960 Fringe benefits: 48 hours × $6 per hour................ 288 $1,248 Manufacturing overhead: Idle time: 2 hours × $20 per hour......................... 40 Overtime premium: 10 hours × $10 per hour......... 100 Fringe benefits: 2 hours × $6 per hour.................. 12 152 Total wages and fringe benefits............................... $1,400© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. All rights reserved. 36Managerial Accounting, 11th Edition1. Florex Company Quality Cost ReportThis Year Last YearAmountPercent ofSales Amount Percent of Sales Prevention costs: Quality engineering...........$ 5700.76 $ 4200.56 Systems development.......750 1.00 4800.64 Statistical process control.. 180 0.24 0 0.00 Total prevention costs......... 1,500 2.00 900 1.20Appraisal costsInspection........................900 1.20 750 1.00 Product testing.................1,200 1.60 810 1.08 Supplies used in testing ....600.08 300.04 Depreciation of testingequipment.....................240 0.32 210 0.28 Total appraisal costs............ 2,400 3.201,8002.40Internal failure costs:Net cost of scrap..............1,125 1.50 6300.84 Rework labor....................1,500 2.00 1,050 1.40 Disposal of defectiveproducts........................ 975 1.30 720 0.96 Total internal failure costs....3,600 4.802,4003.20External failure costs:Cost of field servicing........900 1.20 1,200 1.60 Warranty repairs ..............1,050 1.40 3,600 4.80 Product recalls.................. 750 1.00 2,100 2.80Total external failure costs...2,700 3.60 6,9009.20Total quality cost ................$10,20013.60 $12,00016.002.© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. All rights reserved. Solutions Manual, Chapter 2 37© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. All rights reserved. 38Managerial Accounting, 11th Edition3. The overall impact of the company’s increased emphasis on quality over the past year has been positive in that total quality costs have de-creased from 16% of sales to 13.6% of sales. Despite this improvement, the company still has a poor distribution of quality costs. The bulk of the quality costs in both years is traceable to internal and external failure, rather than to prevention and appraisal. Although the distribution of these costs is poor, the trend this year is toward more prevention and appraisal as the company has given more emphasis on quality.Probably due to the increased spending on prevention and appraisal ac-tivities during the past year, internal failure costs have increased by one half, going from $2.4 million to $3.6 million. The reason internal failure costs have gone up is that, through increased appraisal activity, defects are being caught and corrected before products are shipped to custom-ers. Thus, the company is incurring more cost for scrap, rework, and so forth, but it is saving huge amounts in field servicing, warranty repairs, and product recalls. External failure costs have fallen sharply, decreasing from $6.9 million last year to just $2.7 million this year.If the company continues its emphasis on prevention and appraisal—and particularly on prevention—its total quality costs should continue to de-crease in future years. Although internal failure costs are increasing for the moment, these costs should decrease in time as better quality is de-signed into products. Appraisal costs should also decrease as the need for inspection, testing, and so forth decreases as a result of better engi-neering and tighter process control.© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. All rights reserved. 40Managerial Accounting, 11th Edition1. The controller is correct in his viewpoint that the salary cost should be classified as a selling (marketing) cost. The duties described in the prob-lem have nothing to do with manufacturing a product, but rather deal with moving finished units from the factory to distribution warehouses. Selling costs include all costs necessary to secure customer orders and to get the finished product into the hands of customers. Coordination of shipments of finished units from the factory to distribution warehouses falls in this category.2. No, the president is not correct. The reported net operating income for the year will differ depending on how the salary cost is classified. If the salary cost is classified as a selling expense all of it will appear on the income statement as a period cost. However, if the salary cost is classi-fied as a manufacturing (product) cost, then it will be added to Work In Process Inventory along with other manufacturing costs for the period. To the extent that goods are still in process at the end of the period, part of the salary cost will remain with these goods in the Work in Proc-ess Inventory account. Only that portion of the salary cost that has been assigned to finished units will leave the Work In Process Inventory ac-count and be transferred into the Finished Goods Inventory account. In like manner, to the extent that goods are unsold at the end of the pe-riod, part of the salary cost will remain with these goods in the Finished Goods Inventory account. Only the portion of the salary that has been assigned to finished units that are sold during the period will appear on the income statement as an expense (part of Cost of Goods Sold) for the period. The remainder of the salary costs will be on the balance sheet as part of inventories.。
外刊每日精读 Making trouble
外刊每日精读 | Making trouble文章脉络【1】看重制造业的国家都有工业战略，但是英国没有。
【2】英国对自己的可再生能源产业非常自满。
【3】安迪·霍尔丹称英国很可能在这场再工业化军备竞赛中落后。
【4】与中国相比，西方在绿色技术方面觉醒地太晚了。
【5】英国想要成为一个制造业“超级大国”还有一段路要走。
【6】英国不再是一流的制造业经济体，而且几十年以来都不是。
【7】戴森最近宣布将把电池工厂建在新加坡，这也完美诠释了英国现在正面临的挑战。
【8】戴森没有选择在英国建厂有多重原因。
【9】英国进行高价值的脑力劳动，其他国家负责生产的想法已经不再符合实际。
【10】国家相关战略的缺失让制造商处于竞争劣势。
【11】缺少合适的、有规划的工业战略是英国的致命弱点。
【12】从行动来看，英国似乎并没有参与竞争。
经济学人原文Making trouble：UK needs an industrial strategy to compete in manufacturing【1】Countries that are serious about manufacturing have industrial strategies.The US and China have one. So do Germany and France. Britain does not . Rishi Sunak talks about turning the UK into a “science and technology superpower” but that’s all it is: talk. It is a PR strategy masquerading as an industrial strategy.【2】Faced with the challenge presented by Joe Biden’s inflation reduction act (IRA), the government says it has no need to respond to the package of green subsidies being provided by Washington because Britain has already established a thriving renewables sector and the Americans are playing catch up. The complacency is staggering.【3】Andy Haldane , once the Bank of England’s chief economist and now the chief executive of the Royal Society of Arts, last week said: “The world is facing right now an arms race in re-industrialisation. And I think we’re at risk of falling behind in that arms race unless we give itthe giddy-up.”【4】China, Haldane added, had been focusing on green technology for many, many years and had forged ahead in tech such as solar and batteries. “The west has belatedly woken up,” he said. “The IRA is throwing cash to the wall on that. The cost of that [is] almost certainly north of half a trillion dollars. Possibly north of $1tn. The EU is now playing catch up, [and] the UK currently is not really in the race at any kind of scale.”【5】A quick glance at the latest trade figures shows Britain has some way to go to be a manufacturing“superpower”.manufacturing’s share of the economy shrank from more than 30% to less than 10% of national output in Elizabeth II’s reign. The goods deficit, last in surplus in the early 1980s, stood at £55bn in the first three months of this year, with imports more than 50% higher than exports. A £40bn quarterly surplus in services was not enough to close the trade gap.【6】Those who supported Brexit say the UK now has the freedom to export more to faster growing parts of the world economy . Those who opposed it say exporting to the EU has become more burdensome. Both are right, but both are missing the point. Before Britain can take advantage of export opportunities it has to have stuff to export. The fact is the UK is no longer a firstrank manufacturing economy and hasn’t been for decades.【7】Dyson’s recent announcement that it will build a battery factory in Singapore is a perfect illustration of the challenge facing the UK. There was never the remotest possibility that the plant would be in the UK due to what its founder James Dyson, a prominent Brexit supporter, called in a letter to the Times, t he “scandalous neglect” of science and technology businesses.【8】Only part of the company’s reluctance to manufacture in the UK is due to the recent jump in corporation tax, though that wipes out any benefit from tax breaks for research and development. It is also the planning system, the lack of trained engineers, the disdain shown for science and technology, and government interference in the way businesses are run.【9】The company says the UK will remain a centre for R&D, and it will invest £100m in a new tech centre in Bristol for software and AI research. But the idea that Britain can do all the high-value brain power stuff while other countries do the production is an illusion. Increasingly, Dyson’s R&D happens in Singapore, the site of its global HQ, and in the Philippines.【10】Dyson is by no means alone. A report by the lobby group Make UK found that six in 10manufacturers thought government had never had a longterm vision for manufacturing, while eight in 10 considered the absence of a strategy put their company at a competitive disadvantage compared with other manufacturing nations. It is no surprise that AstraZeneca recently announced it was building its new factory in Ireland .【11】Stephen Phipson, Make UK ’s chief executive , said last week the US was spending 1.5% of national output on its IRA. The equivalent sum in the UK would be £33bn. It was not just the money, though. “A lack of a proper, planned industrial strategy is the UK’s achilles heel ,” Phipson said. “Every other major economy, from Germany, to China, to the US, has a long-term national manufacturing plan, underlying the importance of an industrial base to the success of its wider economy. The UK is the only country to not have one.“If we are to not only tackle our regional inequality, but also compete on a global stage, we need a national industrial strategy as a matter of urgency.”【12】One option is to concentrate instead on sectors where the UK does have global clout: financial and business services, for example. In that case, the pretence has to stop that levelling up will be delivered by new factories turning out world-beating products.The government can either make Britain an attractive place for manufacturing companies to invest or it can decide not to compete. Judged by its actions rather than by its rhetoric, it seems to have chosen the latter option.。
老蒋考研英语每日一句(2017年7月1-10月14)
译文：在美国大学里，课程的安排形式往往比较灵活，校园里的许多工作也都留给学生去做。
*******今日主题：必考词汇·每日一题
The republication of the poet's most recent works will certainly ________ his national reputation.A. magnify B. strengthenC. enlarge D. enhance
短语
①be thrilled that…对…极为兴奋②get one's first paycheck得到自己的第一笔薪酬③cell phone手机
④replace…with…用…取代…⑤a newer model一个更新的款式
结构
Thrilled that …①形容词短语作原因状语，前面省略了Being。②that引导形容词宾语从句，类似于be sure that…，be afraid that…。
⑨cross vt.消除，弥合
⑩especially ad.尤其地，特别地
短语
①this period of …
当前时期的，这一阶段的
②economic weakness
经济低迷
③reinforce class divides
加剧阶级分化
④decrease opportunities to
减少去…的机会
一语言背诵
词汇
①rest n.其余部分
②entirely ad.完全地
③recreation n.娱乐
④dismissal n.解雇，遣散
⑤survival n.幸存
⑥disposal n.处置，布署
陕西省西安中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题
陕西省西安中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ________he had done something very clever.A．as if B．in caseC．while D．though2．The form cannot be signed by anyone ______ yourself.A．rather than B．other thanC．more than D．better than3．If you ________ bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.A．cut out B．check out C．hang out D．work out 4．Would you like to ____________ with us to the film tonight?A．come along B．come offC．come across D．come through5．Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old.A．was B．beC．were D．is6．My parents and I ________ the Architecture Museum this weekend.A．visit B．visited C．are visiting D．have visited 7．It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, ______?A．doesn’t it B．does it C．don’t they D．do they8．I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else’s fault.A．which B．that C．as D．what9．It is for this reason ________ Spanish is the main official language of Peru.A．that B．which C．why D．how 10．Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A．which B．that C．whose D．what二、阅读理解Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids(孩子) to? Try some of these places:Visit art museums. They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids’ interest. Many offer workshops(研习班) for making land-made pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings by children’s favorite writer, and even musical performances and other arts.Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur(恐龙) models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.Go to a Youtheater. Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors. Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts-Puppet(木偶) making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.Try hands-on(亲身实践的) science. Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. They’ll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.11．If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit .A．an art museum B．a natural history museumC．a Youtheater D．a hands-on science museum 12．What can kids do at a Youtheater?A．Look at rock collections B．Give performancesC．See dinosaur models D．Watch puppet making13．Where does this text probably come from?A．A tourist map B．A museum guideC．A science textbook D．A news reportIt was Mother’s Day morning last year and I was doing my shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlieran elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete. Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple. He said to me, “Mum, it’s not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”At the front of the supermarket a charity(慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It will make her feel better,” he said. I was amazed that he’d come up with such a sweet idea. So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. “Just take it,” she replied. “I can’t take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”By now paramedics（救援人员）had arrived, and were attending the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her.Instead I gave the flower to the woman’s husband and told him, “ My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”At that, the old man started crying and said, “Thank you so much, you have a wonderful son. Happy Mother’s Day to you.”The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from. Though badly hurt and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.14．What dose the author intend to tell us?A．One can never be too careful.B．Actions speak louder than words.C．Love begins with a little smile.D．A small act of kindness brings a great joy.15．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.B．Tenyson’s idea of buying a flower gained his mother’s support.C．Tenyson’s care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller.D．The elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenyson’s gesture.“___________”.A．astonished B．struck C．frightened D．excited 17．What would be the best title for the passage?A．Flower PowerB．Mother’s DayC．An Accidental InjuryD．An Embarrassing MomentOver the last two days in December last year, nearly 30 tornadoes caused great damage across six states — from Arkansas in the south to Illinois in the midwest. More than 100 tornado warnings were issued — the most ever for a day. The tornado in Kentucky caused at least 50 people’s deaths. which was described as the worst in this state’s history.As one of the largest countries in the world, the United States is also one of the most geographically various countries — from deserts to forests to miles of coastline. While this comes with many advantages, it unfortunately leaves the country easily damaged by all kinds of natural disasters.Different parts of the United States face different types of natural disasters. The west coast is at risk of wildfires, earthquakes, and even volcanic eruptions. The southern part of the country is frequently hit by tornadoes, and the east coast faces the threat of serious hurricanes every year. Midwestern areas near rivers are often flooded by huge floods, and these are the worst floods in American history.The governments reviewed the weather event in each state’s history that caused the highest number of deaths to determine the worst natural disaster in every state. Thanks to their location and geographic research, some states made preparations ahead of time to avoid mass-casualty (重大伤亡的) weather events.However, many other parts of the country have been less fortunate, experiencing massive storms and floods. Many such events, like the 1900 hurricane that hit Galveston of Texas, killed so many people that it was impossible to get an exact number of final deaths, especially, during that time.American weather continues to become more changeable. In 2018, there were 14 weather events that caused over $1 billion in damage. And in many parts of the country, these weather events could become even more destructive (毁灭性的) because of global warming.18．What do we know from the numbers in paragraph 1?A．Less and less natural disasters hit America.B．Tornadoes were the greatest threat to Americans.C．The tornado in Kentucky was the worst in America.D．America suffered from serious natural disasters.19．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A．The natural disasters in different parts of US.B．The earthquakes in the west coast of US.C．The hurricanes along the east coast of US.D．The worst floods in American history.20．Which of the following can best describe American’s weather in the future?A．Controllable.B．Unchangeable.C．Pleasant.D．Worrying.三、七选五How to Make Friends in a New SchoolStarting with a new school can be difficult. Everything seems to be different, and you don’t even know where to go for your own classes. 21 However, if you use these skills, you can quickly turn some of those strangers into friends.Be yourself22 If some people don’t accent you, they’re not the kind of friends you need. People often stay together because they have similar interests. For example, someone who does a lot of sports may make friends with those who also run or swim a lot.23Remember to be nice to the people you meet at your new school. If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad, do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you. Also, remember to be as helpful as possible!Believe in yourselfA smile goes a long way. When you walk in the halls, don’t keep your eyes on the floor. Raise your head and make eye contact with other people. 24 Introduce yourself. Tell them your name and where you’re from.Remember people’s namesYou like it when people use your name and so do other people. 25 Besides, ask them in a kind way if they have a nickname. You’d be surprised how often this may come in handy.A．Be friendly to others.B．Making new friends can be hard, too.C．Join after-school activities you like.D．Never change what you are to try and fit in.E．If you see someone you know, smile or say “Hi”.F．People may become angry if you just begin by saying “Hey” each time.G．Don’t sit at the back of the classroom where other people don’t notice you!四、完形填空We live in a world increasingly controlled by science. Since elementary school, I havewith a(n) 40 mind.26．A．chosen B．evaluated C．preferred D．avoided 27．A．numbers B．puzzles C．challenges D．advances 28．A．naturally B．hardly C．accurately D．impatiently 29．A．reason B．answer C．method D．direction 30．A．idea B．experience C．incident D．accident 31．A．hopeful B．confident C．doubtful D．nervous 32．A．tried B．remembered C．enjoyed D．imagined 33．A．unique B．common C．different D．strange 34．A．mentioned B．expected C．met D．missed 35．A．communicated with B．agreed with C．checked onD．depended on36．A．suggestions B．arrangements C．choices D．promises 37．A．difficult B．effective C．discouraging D．attractive 38．A．confused B．hit C．warned D．worried 39．A．did well in B．looked forward to C．spoke highly of D．thought little of 40．A．open B．strong C．sharp D．ready五、用单词的适当形式完成短文interesting stories, such as Lady Meng Jiang weeping over her husband’s death at the Great Wall, a sad but romantic love story set in the Qin dynasty. The Great Wall of China is the must-see attraction in China. Perhaps the most 49 (power) advertising words in history come from the poetic pen of Chairman Mao, “Until you reach the Great history Wall, you’re no hero.” It means getting 50 difficulties before reaching a goal.六、读后续写51．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开以语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The NTC will give more details in
Dozens of protesters sat on sidewalks in plastic handcuffs and were hauled away in police vans. About 60 arrests were made in connection with the protests, mostly for disorderly conduct, according to a New York Police Department spokesman. Protesters also plan to fan out on subway trains throughout the five boroughs late Thursday following a rally at Foley Square near City Hall, and march across the Brooklyn Bridge. Occupy Wall Street protesters lost their two-month campsite at Zuccotti Park in Lower Manhattan , where city police in riot gear swept into the privately owned public park at around 1 a. m. and arrested about 200
先行特许药械政策 英语
先行特许药械政策英语全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：Counterfeit medical devices pose a serious threat to public health as they may not be properly tested or regulated, leading to potential harm to patients. The FDA has been working diligently to combat this issue through various means, but the ANPRM could provide an additional layer of protection by allowing the agency to have more oversight of medical devices entering the country.第二篇示例：Precedent of Special License for Medical Devices PolicyWith the rapid development of medical technology and the increasing demand for high-quality medical devices, governments around the world have been continuously promoting the establishment of a regulatory framework for medical devices. Among these regulatory frameworks, the precedent of special license for medical devices policy has attracted widespread attention.第三篇示例：Precedent Special Medical Devices PolicyOnce a company has been approved for the Precedent Special Medical Devices Policy, they can expect to receive expedited review and approval times for their products. This can significantly reduce the time and cost involved in bringing a new medical device to market, allowing companies to more quickly and efficiently bring innovative products to patients in need.第四篇示例：Pre-Marketing Authorization Medical Device PolicyOne of the key aspects of the pre-marketing authorization medical device policy is the concept of "first-in-human" studies. These studies allow manufacturers to test their devices in a small number of patients before seeking full regulatory approval. This can help identify any potential safety or effectiveness concerns early on in the development process, allowing manufacturers to make necessary improvements before seeking wider approval.。
2024年教师资格(中学)-英语学科知识与教学能力(初中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案版
2024年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) —What did Mr. Black do in the middle of the night? —Well，I’m not sure, but he was often heard→ ←.A. singing the same songB. to sing the same songC. sing a same songD. to be playing same song2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There was one shop in the town of Mufulira, which was notorious for its color bar. It was a drugstore. While Europeans were served at the counter, a long line of Africans queued at the window and often not only were kept waiting, but when their turn came to be served, were rudely treated by the shop assistants. One day I was determined to make a public protest against this kind of thing, and many of the schoolboys in my class followed me to the store and waited outside to see what would happen when I went in.I simply went into the shop and asked the manager politely for some medicine. As soon as he saw me standing in the place where only European customers were allowed to stand, he shouted at me in a bastard language that is only used by an employer when speaking to his servants.I stood at the counter and politely requested in English that I should be served. The manager became exasperated and said to me in English, "Even though you stand there till Christmas I will never serve you."I went to the District commissioner's office. Fortunately the District Commissioner was out, for he was one of the old schools; however, I saw a young District Officer who was a friend of mine. He was very concerned to hear my story and told me that if ever I wanted anything more from the drugstore, all I had to do was come to him personally and he would buy my medicine for me. I protested that that was not good enough. I asked him to accompany me back to the store and to make a protest to the manager. This he did, and I well remember him saying tothe manager, "Here is Mr. Kaunda who is a responsible member of the Urban Advisory Council, and you treat him like a common servant. "The manager of the drugstore apologized and said, "If only he had introduced himself and explained who he was, then, of course I should have given him proper service. "I had to explain once again that he had missed my point. Why should I have to introduce myself every time I went into a store? I want to prove that any man of any color, whatever his position, should have the right to go into any shop and buy what he wanted. Why didn't the writer wait at the window of the drugstore like other black African?→ ←A. Because he thought he was educated and should be treated differently.B. Because he thought, being an important person, he should not be kept waiting.C. Because he thought his white friends would help him out.D. Because he wanted to protest against racial discrimination.3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher gets an incorrect answer from students, it is most appropriate for him or her to say"_____"in order to encourage them.A. No, I don't like your answers.B. Nonsense, it is not what I want!C. Your answer is far beyond the point.D. You missed the point, but I'm glad you mentioned another point.4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —I’m going to study engineering in Peking University tomorrow.—→ ←.A. All the best in your studyB. All the best with your studyC. All the best in your businessD. All the best in your new job5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. Mobile of rice has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you can't read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say "sorry" to the clients. But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay, and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office "move" with you. Thus，you can have convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime. With the development of communications technology, network application, and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time, it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface(接口，界面)and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will make your career unimpeded, and will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users' living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises' production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised. The passage suggests that mobile office is necessary, especially when→ ←.A. you need to make some urgent modifications on your workB. you need to read and reply faxes and e-mailsC. you are out of the office to attend meetingsD. you can put the mobile office into your pocket6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?_______A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote-learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —What about→ ←supper that we had in that restaurant last week?—Well,→ ←most worst one indeed.A. /; theB. /;aC. the ; theD. the; a8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) "There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth is far from that," says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents, "there is a major shift in the middle class," declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people.A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of anaway-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, "Its ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home. " But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco,24, has been home three times and left three times. "What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains. "He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends house.Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Mostpsychologists feel lengthy home comings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure." And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with their parents isthat→←.A. there will inevitably be inconveniences in every day lifeB. most parents find it difficult to keep a bigger family goingC. the young adults tend to be overprotected by their parentsD. public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Polyester (聚酯)is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing "Melinar", the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them, A new plastic had to be made.Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICIs commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.Why aren’t all bottles now made of polyester?_→←A. The price of oil and plastic has risen.B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.C. The public like traditional glass bottles.D. Shop-keepers dislike reusable bottles.10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The mode of operation in passing laws in the U. S. Congress has many____but there is no attempt being made to improve it.A. optionsB. solutionsC. advantagesD. drawbacks11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Sam h as been appointed→ ←manager of the engineering department to take→ ←place of George.A. /;/B. the; /C. the; theD. /; the12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What's the overall goal of English teaching in basic education stage?→ ←A. Increase students' vocabulary and grammar of the knowledge.B. Improve the students' English learning and foreign cultural interesting.C. Cultivate the students' ability of listening and spoken English.D. Cultivate students' comprehensive capability of language.13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The notice has been told everyone→ ←a party will be held in the open air tomorrow.A. whetherB. whenC. whereD. that14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The classroom teaching environment consists of classroom environment and→ ←.A. social environmentB. communication environmentC. practice environmentD. game environment15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT a suitable pre-listening activity?______A. Writing a similar text.B. Discussing a relevant picture.C. Writing questions about the topic.D. Associating vocabulary with the topic.16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage TwoRespect is not included in the marriage vows. No illustrated books show how to achieve it. And yet it is central to a lasting, satisfying marriage.What is this thing called respect? It is not the same as admiration. "When you fall in love, you admire the other, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds, associate clinical professor of psychiatryat the New York University, School of Medicine.” You look up to someone-much the way a child idealizes a parent.”Such romantic admiration thrives and even depends on the illusion that he or she is "perfect for you.95 Thafs why it doesnt last. "You come to see that the person you married isnt exactly what you expected.", says Francine Klagsbrun. "There are differences of personality, of approaches to life, different ways of doing things. ”You can try to change your mate back into your fantasy. But for the marriage to last and grow its better to →agree to disagree←, to learn to let each other be. Only by taking this path can you begin to develop real respect toward each other.“I have one patient whose husband loves sports，especially tennis，”says Dr. Symonds.” She would prefer to go to the theatre, or to stay at home and read. She could simply say, ‘We have different tastes.’ Instead, she says, How can he waste his time and money that way? She puts him down."The put-down is the chief symptom and weapon of lack of respect or contempt. "Contempt is the wors t kind of emotion.” says Symonds. "You feel the other person has no worth.’ We’ve all seen marriages in which one or both partners attack the other quite savagely in the guise of Its for your own good. Any "good" is→ undone ←by the hostile tone. A wife nag s her husband to be more ambitious and makes him feel like a failure because he prefers craftsman- ship or community projects to the competitive business world. Or a husband accuses his wife of wasting time whenever she gets together with a friend. "Why isnt she doing something productive?"In good marriage partners nurture each others self-esteem. They may express humorous incomprehension of one anothers preferences, but they never make the other person feel like an idiot. "Martyrs idea of a vacation is to go down to the basement on a sunny day and spend time woodworking, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds of her husband, psychiatrist and surgeon Martin Symond.But theres fondness in the gibes and firm support for the others right to be himself. Respect is expressed in words like. ul dont want to go to the concert, but you have a great And occasionally, "Sure, III come with you. Just dont him angry if I fall asleep. " Respect, then is appreciation of the separateness of the other person, of the ways in which he or she is unique. These things take time to discover and accept.Thats the paradox of a good marriage: only by respecting each other as you are do you open the door to change. The root meaning of the word respect is "to look at". Respect is a clear yet loving eye. It sees what is really there, but it also sees what is potentially there and helps bring it to fruition. Respect is the art of love by which married couples honor what is unique and best in each other.The underlined word "undone" in Paragraph 7 suggests that_____.A. what you said reversed what you meantB. what you said was not what you meantC. what you said meant nothing to your partnerD. what you said failed to touch the heart of your partner17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It is believed that the feeding patterns parents→ ←on their children can determine their adolescent and adult eating habits.A. compelB. imposeC. evokeD. necessitate18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?—→ ←, does it?A. It takes no timeB. It counts for nothingC. It doesn’t hurt to askD. It doesn’t make sense19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher asks students to collect, compare and analyze certain sentence patterns, he / she aims at developing students, ( ).A. discourse awarenessB. cultural awarenessC. strategic competenceD. linguistic competence20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Excuse me. Could you tell me→ ←?—Yes. There is a video shop next to the tall building.A. where can I buy some CDsB. where I can buy some CDsC. when can I buy some CDsD. when I can buy some CDs21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurts and then paint it with one of the substances available from gardenshops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference fromthe leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed If this does happen,it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. Pruning should be done to→ ←.A. make the tree grow tallerB. improve the shape of the treeC. get rid of the small branchesD. make the small branches thicker22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ionsin the air can have an ill effect on peopled physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generallythere is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral, Hamsin or Sharavare blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air, many people experience un- pleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earth- quakes snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee fromtheir burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling ofwell-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountainswith tumbling streams or waterfalls.To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions. They claim that ionizers not onlydean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims andare skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore, people can only make up theirown minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat. Some scientists believe that→ ←.A. watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismographyB. the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trustedC. neither watching nor using seismographs is reliableD. earthquake is destructive23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following best describes first language acquisition?→ ←A. Care-taker talkB. Minimal pair practiceC. Selected inputD. Timely error correction24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←method of teaching writing pays great attention to the accuracy of the final product but ignores the process, which the students go through to reach the final goal.A. Form-orientedB. Product-orientedC. Content-orientedD. Process-oriented25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When he first arrived in China，he wondered what the future might have→ ←for him. But now all his worries are gone.A. in timeB. in needC. in preparationD. in store26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It is reported that some scientists in the United States have found a new→ ←for Cancer.A. wayB. answerC. approachD. cure27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If you don't go to the cinema weekend,→ ←.A. nor do IB. nor will IC. so do ID. so will I28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00分)Passage OneDonnas’ fourth grade classroom looked typically traditional. Yet something seemed different that day when I entered it for the first time. My job was to make classroom visits and encourage implementing a training program focusing on language arts, ideas that would empower students to feel good about them and take charge of their lives. Donna was one of the volunteer teachers in this project.I sat in the back and watched. All the students were working on the task, filling their notebook paper with thoughts and ideas. A student next to me was filling her page with "I can’t kick the soccer ball." I can’t do long division with more than three numerals." He r page was half full and she showed no signs of letting up. I walked down the row glancing at students papers. Everyone was writing down things they couldnt do.By this time the activity engaged my curiosity. I decided to check with the teacher to see what was going on but I noticed she too was busy writing "I cant get Johns mother to come for a teacher conference." "I cant get my daughter to put gas in the car," "I cant..."Curious and puzzled about what they were doing, I returned to my seat and continued my observations.Students wrote for another ten minutes. They were then instructed to fold the papers in half and bring them to the front. They placed their "I Can’t”statements into all empty shoe boxes. Then Donna added hers. She put the lid on the box, tucked it under her arm and headed out the door and down the hail.Students followed her. I followed the students. Half way down the hall way, Donna entered the custodians room, came out with a shovel, and marched the students out to the farthest comer of the playground. There they began to dig. They were going to bury their "I Cant’s"The digging took over then minutes with dirt. Students stood around the freshly dug grave. At this point Donna announced, "Boys and girls, please join hands and bow your heads." They quickly formed a circle around the grave.They lowered their heads and waited. Donna delivered the eulogy. "Friends, we gathered here today to honor the memory of I Cant. While he was with us on earth, he touched the lives of everyone, some more than others. We have provided I Cant with a final resting place and a headstone that contains his epitaph. He is survived by his brothers and sisters, I Cant, I Will, and Im going to right away. They are not as well known as their famous relative and are certainly not as strong and powerful. Perhaps some day, with your help, they will make an even bigger mark on the world. May I Cant rest in peace and may everyone present pick up their lives and move forward in his absence."According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Donna was a volunteer teacher of the training program.B. The author knew what was going to happen when he / she entered the classroom.C. Donnas5 fourth grade classroom appeared to be traditional, resembling many others the author had seen in the past.D. Everyone, regardless of gender, age, and occupation, may encounter many "I can t" in life.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. Mobile of rice has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you can't read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say "sorry" to the clients. But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay, and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office "move" with you. Thus，you can have convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime. With thedevelopment of communications technology, network application, and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phonewith data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket,and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time, it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface(接口，界面)and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will make your career unimpeded, and will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users' living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises' production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.In the eyes of the author, mobile office→ ←.A. has some fatal shortcomingsB. is too expensive to affordC. would be realized in the futureD. has both advantages and disadvantages30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Tom’ s school was on the other side of the road, so he wastold to watch out cars when______the street.A. crossingB. crossC. crossedD. to cross31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) In writing,→ ←will give students the opportunityto select from the list those useful ideas to be included in their writing and also to seehow these ideas can be put together in a coherent or logical way to present a convincing argumentA. brainstormingB. mappingC. outliningD. editing32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of consonants differs only in one distinctive feature?→ ←A. [v][z][3][θ]B. [t][z][?][e]C. [s][v][3][p]D. [p][d][z][S]33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You'd better go to bed. There isn't anything on TV worth→ ←up for.A. gettingB. stayingC. risingD. waiting34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers.Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights, and there my wife saw the bookshelf. It stood outside a furniture shop. "Buy it," she said at once, "we’ll carry it home on the roof- rack(车顶架). I've always wanted one like that." What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer, and the bookshelf was tied。
雅思阅读词汇
雅思剑桥阅读词汇（1）★剑桥三P691.raise the spirits 使得人的情绪高涨2.under full-spectrum lamps 在灯下3.fluorescent and tungsten lights 荧光灯和钨光灯4.it is generally believe that 人们相信5.there is no doubt that 无疑6.street riots 街头暴力7.slow down 降低8.distract from 使得分散精力9.conduct study 进行试验10.become less skeptical 不那样怀疑11.hormone level 荷尔蒙水平12.* melatonin 褪黑色素13.pineal gland 脑部的松果腺14.put on more weight 增加了体重15.skeptics might say that 怀疑者也许会说16.put sb in a better mood 使某人的情绪很好17.is borne out by 被证实（bear out 证实）18.be on edge 紧张19.serotonin 复合胺20.irritable 易怒的21.aggressive 富于侵略性22.hamsters 小白鼠23.time cues 时间★剑桥三P881.suffragette movement 妇女争取选举权2.bring cohesion and focus 带来了凝聚力和工作的重心3.membership 成员4.desert 退出5.limited communications 有限的通讯设配6.stretch to 延伸到7.play a vital role in 发挥重要的作用8.fund-raising events 筹款活动9.return a profit 带来了利润10.like-minded commercial enterprises 观点相似的商业机构11.12.provide another money-making opportunity 提供了另外的赚钱机会13.provide sufficient funds 提供足够的资金14.ice-skating rink 冰场15.campaign banner 运动条幅16.a forthcoming meeting 即将来到的会议17.bully her poor, abused husband 欺负可怜的，受到虐待的丈夫itant 激进的（military force / military target）19.cohesion 团结，凝聚力20.trinket 小装饰物21.suffrage 选举权；投票权22.enfranchise women 给公民选举权23.draw on= call on 利用24.the museum of London 伦敦博物馆25.harridan 形容枯槁的老人26.newsreel 新闻短片27.accessory 附加物；妇女的装饰品28.archive collection 档案文件29.project a corporate identity 表明团体特征30.put women’s suffrage on the political agenda 使得妇女投票权被提上了政治的议程31.exploit 利用雅思剑桥阅读词汇（2）★剑桥三P591.antiquity 古代遗物----original department of antiquity 古文物馆2.ethnography 人种学---the department of ethnography 人种馆3. a separate department 独立部门4.the primary focus of ---- 的焦点5.document 1）记录2）展示3）to document for culture change 记录了文化的改变6.the product of sth ---的产品7.the museum has a vital role to play in providing information on ——to visitors （写作句式）8.the emphasis has been less on sth than on sth 重点在于前而不是在于后9.society’ cultural expressions 社会的文化风貌10.textiles 纺织品11.examples of coracles 小圆舟12.the necessities生活的必须品，生活用品（写作词汇）13.while on the other hand 在另一方面（写作词汇）14.principally for aesthetic value 主要为了美学价值（写作词汇）15.sth could act as ---- not merely for ---- but for ----（写作词汇）16.in collaboration with 与---合作17.a series of acquisition 一系列的收集品/展品18.camel trappings 饰品19.particularly interesting are 尤其有意思的20.collections 展品21.mundane 世俗的22.banal 平庸的23.artefact 艺术品24.approximately大概25.anthropology 1）人类学；2）anthropological 人类的；3）anthropologist人类学者26.assemblage 集会，集合27.ingenuity 独创性----technological ingenuity 技术创新28.ecological 生态的29.disposable 用过就处理的30.assimilation 同化31.irrevocable 不能取消的32.notoriously 臭名昭著的----- notoriously fickle world economy 变化无常的世界经济（写作词汇）33.utilitarian 实用主义的34.aesthetic 美学的35.multicultural 多元文化36.exceptional 非凡的37.marginal communities 边缘社会★剑桥三431.the role of the government 政府的作用------ the government has theinescapable role to play in environmental management 政府在环保方面有责无旁贷的责任（写作句式）2.sth may have damaging environmental impacts 对于环境保护有负面的影响（写作句式）3.subsidize 资助----subsidies 补贴4.scrap＝desert 丢弃5.soil erosion 土壤侵蚀6.diminish the soil’s productivities 减少土地肥力7.convert ---- to 转变成8.meadow 牧场9.World Bank loading 银行贷款10.higher yields 很高的产量11.under the plough (田地)在耕种中12.cause of deforestation 森林砍伐的原因13.contaminate water supplies 污染水源14.fertilizers 化肥15.in less enlightened countries 在一些不开明的国家16.in environmentally friendlier ways 以更加环保的方式17.are sustainable in the long run从长远看是可持续发展的18.vanish 消失19.exploitation 开采pound 增加了21.invested interest 既得利益22.fallow period 耕作期23.treadmill 单调工作24.lethal 致命的25.poison 农药26.crop re sid ues农作物残渣27.over-stocking 过度放牧28.rotate 使旋转----rotate crops 轮种作物29.have the incentive to do sth 有做---的动力★雅思较难的词汇：1.elastic 灵活的＝flexible；弹性的2.epidemic 流行病3.dispenser 自动售货机4.aesthetic 美学的5.disfigure 毁容/ transgfigure6.dissert 论述(dissertation)7.dubious =suspicious 怀疑★剑桥三P191.ingredient 成份----active ingredient 活性成分2.cancer-causing sustatcnaces 致癌物质3.chemical compounds 化合物4.develop fatal medical conditions 患绝症5.cervical caners 子宫癌6.preventable cause of -----可以预防的原因7.smoking, causes a serious health risk 吸烟导致健康危险8.side-stream smoke 吸入侧流烟9.be deposited deep in 被沉淀于10.cardiovascular system 心血管系统11.the effect is far greater on A than on B 影响在于前者不在于后者（写作词汇）12.deliver life-giving oxygen 输送供血的氧气13.blood clot 血块14.platelets 血小板15.leukemia 白血病16.exhale 呼气17.spouse 配偶18.it has been calculated that 据计算（写作词汇）19.to produce substantial adverse effects on 有负面的影响（写作词汇）pensate for 赔偿21.the smoke inhalation 吸烟22.nicotine and other toxins 尼古丁和其它毒素23.have the same impact on 有相同的影响（写作词汇）24.smoke-free work places 禁烟地点★剑桥三P 4330.the role of the government 政府的作用----the government has theinescapable role to play in environmental management 政府在环保方面有责无旁贷的责任（写作句式）31.sth may have damaging environmental impacts 对于环境保护有负面的影响（写作句式）32.subsidize 资助----subsidies 补贴33.scrap＝desert 丢弃34.soil erosion 土壤侵蚀35.diminish the soil’s productivities 减少土地肥力36.convert ---- to 转变成37.meadow 牧场38.world bank leading 银行贷款39.higher yields 很高的产量40.under the plough (田地)在耕种中41.cause of deforestation 森林砍伐的原因42.contaminate water supplies 污染水源43.fertilizers 化肥44.in less enlightened countries 在一些不开明的国家45.in environmentally friendlier ways 以更加环保的方式46.are sustainable in the long run从长远看是可持续发展的47.vanish 消失48.exploitation 开采pound 增加了50.invested interest 既得利益51.fallow period 耕作期52.treadmill 单调工作53.lethal 致命的54.poison 农药55.crop residues农作物残渣56.over-stocking 过度放牧57.rotate 使旋转----rotate crops 轮种作物58.have the incentive to do sth 有做---的动力雅思剑桥阅读词汇（3）★剑桥四P881.the international athletic federation 国际田联2.hurl massive objects 投抛重物3.brief explosive release of energy 短期的爆发力的能量释放4.100-metre sprint 百米短跑5.sprinter 短跑运动员6.endurance events 耐力项目7.set a new world record 创造了世界记录8.genetics 基因9.invoke a adage 引用格言10.appreciably 略微11.tempt athletes 诱惑运动员12.unique complements 独特的成份13.emeritus professors 退休教授14.can go much further 可以做得更好15.impressive improvements 骄人的成绩16.duplicate 复制17.pioneer 倡导18.rate 速度；价格；比率19.a tenth of a second 十分之一秒nd 着地；着陆/ push off 蹬地21.brief intervals 短暂的间歇22.address 强调vitae23.supplements 补品24.minerals 矿物25.biomechanics 生物力学26.to date 到目前plex and unorthodox 复杂的和非正统的28.mathematical simulation 数学模拟29.sawdust 木屑30.foam cushions 泡沫垫子31.be humbled by 被折服32.vexingly 令人懊恼的33.mundane 平凡的34.resourceful 足智多谋的★剑桥四P921.archaeology考古学2.Inuit因纽特人3.the painstaking task 辛苦的任务4.loot掠夺；抢劫5.mixture 混合6.distinguish a from b 区别7.smaller disciplines 更小的学科8.artifact 人造物品9.pot罐10.overlap 重叠11.span of time 时间的跨度12.significant source of information 信息的重要源泉13.dividing line 分界线14.lessen the importance 降低---的重要性15.make statements 作出声明16.conduct experiments 进行试验17.hypothesis 假设18.dwellings 住处19.analyst 分析家；/ analyse 分析20.portrayal 描述21.ethnography 人种学22.coherent 一致的；连贯的23.humanistic 人文主义的★剑桥四P971.allocate 分配2.to be apportioned 被分配3.it now seems quite incredible that 不可思议的是4.exercise personal right 行使个人权力5.formal right 正式权利6.out of public purse 出自于政府的预算7.put another way 换言之8.the exercise of personal autonomy 个人自治9.in respect of 关于10.as a whole 总体上11.clientele 客户12.sustain economic development 维持经济发展13.revelation 显示；启示14.poverty-stricken 贫困的15.indispensable 不可缺少的16.doomsday 世界末日雅思剑桥阅读词汇（4）1.micro-enterprise credit 小型企业贷款；credit programs 贷款计划2.street youth 流浪儿童；street children 流浪儿童3.people who live in difficult circumstances 生活贫困的人4.partner organizations 伙伴组织5.family breakdown and violence 家庭离异和家庭暴力6.bun 小面包7.decent 体面的8.learn the way of keeping money 学习节俭的方式9.allow sb a degree of independence 使得某人有某种程度的自由10.exemplify the effects to 解释说明效果11.entrepreneur 企业家；entrepreneurship 企业家身份；chooseentrepreneurship 选择做生意; support the entrepreneurial dreams 支持创业的梦想12.be essential to 对于-----很重要（写作词汇）13.be more likely to do 更有可能做-----（写作词汇）14.abide by 遵守（写作词汇）15.guardians 监护人16.purchase fixed asset 购买固定资产17.a market stall 市场上的货摊18.range from 从-----到-----变化19.rate have been modest 比率是适度的20.impoverished young people 贫困的年轻人21.the provision of _______can be an effective means to help 提高----是一种有效的方式去-----22.dearth 缺乏23.adventurous play 冒险游戏24.exploitative employment 剥削性的工作25.shine shoe 擦鞋26.are generally involved in unskilled, labour-intensive tasks whichrequire long hours 做一些无需技巧的，长时间的劳动密集性的任务27.participate in domestic tasks 做家务（写作词汇）28.innovative opportunity 新的机会（写作词汇）29.the red cross society 红十字会30.have a major role in 在-----有主要的作用（写作词汇）31.shoe shine kits 擦鞋工具箱剑桥四P651.earth-moving machine移山倒海的机器2.scatter tine ash 分散细灰3.hurl sth into 将----扔进，抛进4.mushroom cloud 蘑菇云5.burges of molten lava 岩浆喷涌6.volcanism 火山作用7.shape the world 塑造了世界8.rift continents 撕裂大陆9.shape the topography 造就了地形10.b asalt 玄武岩11.i ce-caps 冰帽；冰冠12.c rust 地壳13.v olcanic craters 火山口14.w ater vapour 水蒸汽15.a molten core 溶化的核心16.s oft-boiled egg 半熟的鸡蛋17.y olk 蛋黄18.w hile 蛋清19.b ubble 起泡20.o ver the crack 在裂口处21.t he mantle 地幔22.l ike thick treacle 浓稠的蜜糖23.t he form of convection currents 对流的形式24.p lates 板块25.b ump and grind 碰撞磨擦26.o verlap互相重叠27.t hese fracture zones 破碎的地区28.h ot spots 热带地区29.p ut at its simplest 简言之30.s wiftly 迅速地31.m agma 岩浆32.g ranite 花岗岩33.s queeze out 挤出来34.d yke 沟35.s lurping eruption 爆发36.s urge 巨浪；喷涌37.f orth 冒泡38.e xplode 喷发39.b last 爆发40.p umice 浮石41.r ough outline 大致轮廓42.t ectonic plates 地壳板块43.r ing of fire 火山环44.t he Rockies 落基山45.n ot to mention 更别提46.s hell 地壳47.q uiet periods 休眠期48.m olten rock slopping 溶岩的溢出★剑桥四p741.many procedures are available for doing 方式很多2.casual introspection 不经意的反思nguage date 语料4.native speaker of a language 以该语言为母语的人5.provide utterances 提供话语6.properties 特征7.the norm 规范8.enquiry 询问9.child speech 儿童语言rmants 语料提供者rge-scale sample 大规模的样本12.the social setting 社交场合13.consistency 连贯性14.the best investigative techniques 调查技术15.claims 论断16.sound quality 音质17.paradox 自相矛盾18.minimize 使最小话19.ethical objection 道德反对20.attempts can be made to 可以努力去21.stimulate natural language style 激发自然语言风格22.in one’s locality 在一个人的家乡23.non-verbal behaviours 非语言行为24.context 语境25.transcription 记录26.structure sessions 结构回忆27.interview worksheets 面试问题28.questionnaire 调查问卷29.elicit 引出----- be elicited by30.elicitation 诱导方式31.corpus 尸体；语料库32.hypothesis 假设33.derive from 来自于34.take extracts 节选材料35.be supplemented by 被补充雅思剑桥阅读词汇（5）★剑桥五p161.scholarly 学者的2.fine learning 良好的教育3.lexical 词汇的4.middle class 中产阶级5.heyday 全盛时期6.academy 学院7.single-handed 无帮助的8.garret 阁楼9.counting house 会计室10.rickety chair 摇椅11.synthesis 综合12.predecessor 原有事物13.vicissitude 曲折14.lexicographer 词典编写者15.patronage 资助16.shelter 遮掩处17.eccentricity 古怪18.obscurity 默默无闻19.esteem 尊敬20.prevail upon 说服21.folklore 民间传说★剑桥五p861.the marked for tourism 旅游市场2.require initial investment 无需最初的投资3.natural landscape beauty 美丽的自然景色4.indigenous（本土的）people 当地人5.the prime source of tax revenue 主要的税收源泉6. a reliable source of income 收入的稳定来源7.foreign trekkers 外国背包客（trek 艰苦跋涉）8.increase dependence on bought food 增加依赖性9.the physical impact of 实质影响10.maintain terraces and irrigation system 保持梯田和灌溉11.culprit 犯人；罪魁祸首；ernment handouts 政府救济13.employ transient workers 雇用临时工14.repatriate （遣返）most of the profits to their home base 为本国谋求经济利益15.integrate tourism with the local economy 旅游与地方经济结合16.pueblos and reservations 印第安人村落17.ensure that the benefits accrue （自然产生）locally 保证地方经济利益的增加18.reinvigorate（使复兴）local cultures 振兴地方经济19.pottery and jewelry 陶器和珠宝20.erosion 破坏★剑桥五P201.nature or nurture 先天还是后天2.fascinating and disturbing 吸引人的和令人不安的3.from all walks of life 来自生活的各个方面4.feel a personal distaste 感到厌恶5.have a positive effect on 有积极的影响6.experimental set-up 实验方案7. a spectrum of 各种的8.writhing 挣扎9.denounce 谴责10.questions posed by 由---提出的问题11.bring on 招致12.balk at sth 回避13.for the sake of 为了14.psychiatrists 精神病学家15.the overwhelming consensus 一致的意见16.a lunatic fringe 疯子17.account for this vast discrepancy 解释了巨大的差异18.pressured, flustered but cooperative 有压力，很慌乱但是合作的19.built-in animal aggression instinct 内在的动物性攻击性本能20.pent-up primal urge 压抑的原始冲动21.as a remnant of sth 是----的痕迹22.teacher-subject 扮演教师的研究对象23.legitimacy 合理性；正确性24.evoke trust博得了信任25.merge sth with sth 合并26.personal and moral code 个人和道德准则27.forgo one’s sense of perso nal responsibility 放弃个人责任感28.is more plausible 更有说服力29.elucidate 阐明30.at least strongly biases 产生行为倾向雅思剑桥阅读词汇（6）剑桥五P481.world science 科学界2.be dominated by 被统治3.German 德语4.English is probably the most popular global language of science英语大概是最流行的科学语言5.in scientific research 在科学研究领域6.reach a wide international audience 获得广泛的国际读者7.lingua franca 混合语；通用语言8.revival of learning 学习的复兴9.renewed interest 复兴的兴趣10.world exploration 世界探索11.the discovery of magnetism 磁铁的发现12.improvements in cartography 绘图法的进步13.Copernicus 哥白尼14.with enthusiasm 热情地15.promote empirical scientific research 促进经验主义的科学研究16.encyclopedias 百科全书cation textbook 教材18.on the property of light 关于光的性质19.treatise 专题论文20.a concern for secrecy 出于保密的考虑21.be fully exploited by the author 被彻底研究清楚mercial exploitation 商业开发mon practice 普遍的做法24.in cipher 有密码25.deposited in sealed box 放在密封的盒子里26.in an objective and impersonal way 以客观的非个人的方式27.hypothetical entities 假设的实体28.insider language 内部语言29.narrative in style 风格上是叙事的30.was inaugurated 被创立31.linguistic inadequacy of English 英语语言上的缺陷32.enjoy substantial lexical growth33.was instituted to do 被任命去做34.prominence 重要性，显著35.the European renaissance 文艺复兴36.encourage the development of suitable writing style 鼓励规范的写作风格pass 指南针38.publicize 推广，宣传39.popular science 大众科学40.perversely 过分地41.secrecy 秘密42.precisely 精确地43.cling to 依靠，坚持44.monograph 专著，专论45.curator of experiment 实验管理者46.curator 馆长，管理者47.transcript of oral demonstration 口头演示48.transaction 公报；学报49.focused accounts 有重点的描述50.momentum 动力；势力；势头51.privileged 享有特权的雅思剑桥阅读词汇（7）剑桥五P671.be eroded 被侵蚀2.sediment 沉淀物3.scour 冲刷4.blame sth on sb 归咎于5.nutrient-rich soil 营养丰富的土地6.dispense with 免除7.pick up silt and sand 堆积起瘀泥和沙子8.to replenish the coastline 补充——填充海岸线9.desalination 海水淡化10.p ay closer attention to 重视11.u pset the ecology 破坏生态12.c oncurs同意13.a rtificial flood 人造洪水14.b e trapped 被囤积15.i ndustrial and agricultural waste 工农业废物16.a ffect the productivities 影响了产量17.w aterways 水道18.d evise a way to 设计一种方式剑桥五P621.send children to pre-schools 幼儿团2.miss out on 错过3.is born with natural curiosity 天生好奇（写作词汇）4.it is generally acknowledged that 人们认为（写作词汇）5.people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds6.in an attempt to 为了（写作词汇）7.under-achievement 学习成绩不良8.was launched 发起9.substantial funding 大量的资金10.d isadvantaged home environment 不利的成长环境11.a pilot programme 试点项目12.i s the most effective way to 是有效的方式（写作词汇）13.a cross-section of socio-economic status 各个社会阶层14.f amily configuration 家庭结构（写作词汇）15.f oster the child’s motor-skill 运动技能16.s hare experience and discuss topics of interest 分享经验和讨论有意思的话题（写作词汇）17.f acilitator 推进者18.a longside 在---旁边19.i s phenomenal 明显的20.h ad made greater strides 进步显著21.p erpetuate（使永存）that disadvantage 延续那种不利22.s th is undoubtedly vital 无疑是重要的23.o vercome educational inequity 克服教育的不公平剑桥五p621.be poised to make a comeback 准备好回到人们的视野中2.vanish 消失3.this has ignited public debate about 引起了公众的争议（写作词汇）4.marketing people 销售人员5.inverted commas 引号6.rehabilitation of term 术语的复原7.encompass 包括——compass 指南针8.cybernetics 控制论9.attack different problems 研究不同问题10.p eak 达到顶峰11.g rowing power of computers 计算机日益强大的功能12.a breakthrough was just around the corner 突破只有咫尺之遥13.a false dawn 错误的开始14.a backlash ensued 激烈的反应随之发生15.u ndue optimism 不适当的乐观16.r etrenchment 削减——trench 挖掘战壕17.o pt to do 选择去做18.a lign oneself with 与---结盟19.m undane problem 世俗的问题20.b lue-sky 无价值的，不保险的21.r eckon 认为22.s pot camouflaged vehicles 发现伪装的车辆23.e xacerbate 恶化24.e ncapsulate 压缩25.h ype 天花乱坠的宣传26.u nder-achieving 成绩不理想的27.d isparate 不同的28.m aterialize 实现29.m undane 平凡的30.u nattended 无人在场的31.f ilter and categorize 过滤和分类32.i mplement 使生效，贯彻33.e lusive 难以捉摸的雅思剑桥阅读词汇（8）剑桥五P891.flawed beauty 缺陷美2.toughened glass 钢化玻璃3.shattered 破碎4.frame 结构5.fragments 碎片6.pane 玻璃7.minute crystal 微型晶体8.nickel sulphide 硫化镍9.be aware of this issue 意识到这个问题10.believe the reason is simple 相信原因很简单11.what you hear is only the tip of the iceberg 你看到的是冰山的一角12.bus shelters 公共汽车亭13.tiny cubes 小的立方体rge, razor-sharp shards 大的锋利的碎片15.can be bolted together16.contract and solidify 收缩和凝固17.shrinks 收缩18.materials under tension 压力下的物质19.propagate 传播20.nickel sulphide impurities硫化镍杂质21.alloy 合金22.convert a to b 使得转变为23.coiled spring 被压缩的弹簧24.revert to 转化为25.elapse 时间的流逝26.the process is speed up 过程加速27.occur in batches 大批地出现28.suffer a rash of failures 遭受损失29.contamination 污染30.were scanned under --- 被扫描31.in the furnace 熔炉剑桥六P181.demolish rivals 击败对手2.underpinned by 由---支持3.squash 垒球4.ethereal scientific question 虚无的科学问题5.tweak 小小的改良6.slice 切7.stroke 一划8.spine脊椎骨9.unconstructive 不显眼的10.swivel 旋转11.velocity 速度剑桥六P 221.at a startling pace 以惊人的速度2.play a more important role in 发挥重要真的作用3.was dominated by 被统治4.thanks to 由于5.pose no obstacles to 不造成障碍6.purchase sth on the domestic market 在国内市场购买7.reduce the employment 减低了就业8.customs duties and import quotas 关税和进口配额9.iron ore 铁矿10.c omponents 零件11.h eavy and bulky 容量大的12.d isk drive 光驱13.v aluable = expensive 昂贵的14.f reight rates 运费15.d eregulation 规章制度的撤销16.c ontainerization 集装箱化17.c rane 起重机18.v essels 装箱船19.t ransform sth into sth20.d eter international trade 妨碍了国际贸易剑桥六p271.Inuit family因纽特家庭2.thaws 解冻3.igloo 圆顶建筑4.permafrost melt 结冰地带融化5.is already have dramatic effects 产出了巨大的影响6.the knock-on effects are likely to include 间接的影响包括7.increased precipitation.仓促8.be increasingly keen to find out 越来越希望去9.canary in the mine 矿井的里的金丝雀10.precarious balance 不稳定的平衡11.ancestral knowledge 祖先的知识12.get some idea of the hardship of 了解---的艰难13.be uniquely well adapted to 很好的适应14.life for sb is still harsh 生活依然艰难15.indigenous 本土的16.nomadic ways 游牧的生活方式17.opportunities are scarce 机会是很稀少的18.a high incidence of depression 高发的抑郁症19.play a key role in 发挥关键的作用20.draw on this wisdom 利用这种智慧21.impinge too much on.撞击22.scientific onslaught 科学的冲击23.natural capriciousness 自然的反复无常雅思剑桥阅读词汇（9）剑桥六p411.public transport 公共交通2.creating a better place to live 改善居住环境3.Melbourne墨尔本4.tram network 有轨电车网络5.correlation 联系；相互关系6.when it comes to 当谈及到7.make a success of sth8.referendum 公民投票9.causing massive congestion problems 导致大规模的交通拥堵10.refute 反驳11.be converted to 转变为12.the best approach 最好的办法13.lead to more dispersal 使得更加分散14.sprawl 蔓延15.attract business 招商1.arthritis 关节炎2.major medical complaint 主要的疾病3.dementia 老年痴呆4.stroke 中风5.atherosclerosis 动脉硬化6.emphysema 肺气肿7.medical advances 医疗的进步8.on the downside 从负面来看9.bronchitis 支气管炎10.b etter-educated people 受过良好的教育的人11.s eek more medical attention 寻求更多的医疗照顾12.m anage one’s finances理财13.h ome medical aids 家庭医疗辅助设备14.r etain a sense of independence 保留独立感15.m aintain a level of daily physical activities 保持一定水平的身体锻炼16.d eteriorate 衰老17.a social epidemiologist 流行病学家18.s elf-esteem 自尊19.a ging 老龄化20.t readmill 单调的工作；踏车1.numeration 计数2.intellectual feats 智力技艺3.be bound up with 有密切的关系4.facility 熟练；便利5.reflect on 思考；反思6.keep one’s thought in order 使思想有序7.herb animals 放牧8.the need become paramount 需要变得极为重要9.semi-permanent settlements 暂时定居10.h uman existence 人类生活11.t he indigenous people 土著居民12.v ersion 形式13.w itness 目击证人14.h indrance 障碍15.c an be registered in the mind 记录在人的思想里16.c anoes 独木舟17.r elic 遗物；遗迹18.i ntermix with sth 使混合19.p ebbles 鹅卵石剑桥六p631.stunned, thrilled audience 令人震惊的，使人兴奋的观众2.take a determined leap of imagination to 充分发挥想象力3.hypnotic quality 催眠的——引人入胜的特质4.panic 惊慌的5.embrace one’s audience and transport them to a different world 吸引观众并且将他们带到一个完全不同的世界6.encyclopedic detail 百科全书式的细节7.give a new lease of life to the idea of story 将真实生活的点滴寓于故事情节之中8.a passing gimmick 过去的小花招9.narrative 叙事性的10.fairground 露天广场剑桥六p681.motivate employees 激发员工2.entice and encourage employees 吸引和激励员工3.create feelings of optimism 带来乐观情绪4.those with highest skills and experience 有丰富的经验和高超技能的人5.morale 士气6.to be made redundant （多余的）被开除7.under such retrenchment conditions8.the ways of meeting this challenge can be broadly divided into_______ key points, which are outlined below. 如何去迎接挑战，可以列为以下六点9.match a to b 使得相配10.h igh achiever 高效员工11.h ave a high need for power and a low need for affiliation 有权利欲但是依附感少12.h ave specific goals 有具体的目标13.i n conjunction with 与---协力14.i s incongruous 不协调的15.m anipulative 操纵的16.r educe one’s effort 懈怠17.a ppraisal process 评估制度18.r einforcement 促进的事物19.g oal-setting and decision-making 目标设定和决策20.a ttainment 达到21.r emuneration 报酬22.r ate sthe very highly 认为---很重要23.c lerical workers 办公室人员24.p lace different degrees of importance on sth 重视的程度不同25.e quity 公平的事物/ equitable 公平的雅思剑桥阅读词汇（10）剑桥六P711.anti-aging pills 抗衰老药2.prolong lifespan and youthful vigor 延长寿命保持青春活力3.equivalent to 等于4.caloric restriction 热量限制5.few mortals 很少有人6.harsh（苛刻的）a regimen （政权——养生法）7.mimicked the effect 模仿效果8.diabetes 糖尿病9.arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化10.rodents啮齿动物11.o n average 平均而言12.m aximum lifespan 最长的寿命13.b een replicated many times 被复制许多次14.h amsters 小白鼠15.s pider 蜘蛛16.r hesus恒河猴(一种猕猴,多用于实验)17.s quirrel monkeys 松鼠猴18.p ancreatic（胰腺的）hormone insulin 胰岛素19.a ge-related disease 上了年纪的疾病20.g lucose 葡萄糖21.e lixirs 万能灵药22.b eing touted 被吹捧23.t oxic 有毒的24.f ree radicals（化）自由基，游离基25.i nduce sb to do 促使某人做26.h ypothesis 假设剑桥六P851.sales representatives 销售代表2.promotional gifts and gadgets 促销礼物和小玩意3.fit the drug’s profile 适应药品的轮廓/外形4.honoraria 酬劳5.pharmaceuticals 医药品6.ethical 有关于于伦理的7.escalating extravagance 急剧的上升8.healthcare-giver = doctor 医生9.flashy brochures 华丽的手册10.pamphlets 小册子11.emblazon 颂扬12.logo 标识lions of 许多14.prescribe one’s medicine 开药15.dispense 分散/ dispersal 分散16.to increase sales 提高销量17.grapple with 挣扎18.be scrutinized for 被审查19.it is legitimate for sb to do 是合法的，是合理的20.do sth go too far 是否过分剑桥六P891.literate women 有文化的妇女2.ability to read 读书能力3.values one’s ed ucation more highly 高度重视教育4.eliminate these factors by 以---排除这些因素5.have a direct effect on =have an immediate impact on sth 有直接的影响6.establish a number of social programmes 设立社会项目7.well-nourished 营养良好的8.the infant morality rate 婴儿死亡率9.newly-literate mothers 刚学会识字的母亲10.m ake better use of clinics 更好的利用诊所11.o pt for sth 选择---12.d irect their resources 利用资源13.m aternal education 女性的受教育14.i t is notoriously difficult to do 很难做15.m edical care 医疗16.m alnourished 营养不良的剑桥六P94背下来1.anti-bullying 反欺凌2.can take a variety of forms 可以有不同的形式3.being shoved 被猛推4.up to a quarter of pupils 达到了四分之一5.be particularly recalcitrant 尤其难以控制的6.in extreme cases 在极端的情况下7.anti-social offences 反社会的违法行为8.a common refrain 一种常见的重复——老生常谈9.Norway 挪威10.b ullying was halved 欺凌事件减半11.r educing bullying 减少欺凌事件12.a key step is to 关键的步骤13.g ive explicit guidelines 给予清晰的指导14.t hrough consultation 通过咨询15.b e disseminated and implemented effectively 被有效地传播和执行16.t he curriculum 课程17.r aise awareness 提高意识18.a ssertiveness training = confidence training 自信训练19.v ictims 受害者20.a nother possibility is to 另外的一种可能21.a worthwhile objective 值得努力的目标41。
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章一、术语制成品 manufactured goods资本货物 capital goods国际收支 balance of payments经常项目 current account有形贸易项目 visible trade account无形贸易项目 invisible trade account贸易顺差 trade surplus贸易逆差 trade deficit易货贸易 barter补偿贸易 compensation trade反向贸易 counter-trade组装生产 assembly manufacturing工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业 joint venture延期付款 deferred payment买方信贷 buyer credit卖方信贷 supplier credit软贷款（低息贷款） soft loan最惠国待遇 MFN treatment （Most Favored nation treatment）永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR（Permanent Normal Trading Relations）国民收入 NI（National Income）国民生产总值 GNP（Gross National Product）国内生产总值 GDP（Gross Domestic Product）国际复兴和开发银行IBRD（International Bank for Reconstruction and Development）国际开发协会 IDA（International Development Association）国际金融公司 IFC（International Finance Comporation）经济合作和发展组织OECD（Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development）国际清算银行 BIS（Bank for International Settlement）欧洲经济共同体 EEC（European Economic Community）欧洲联盟 EU（European Union）外商直接投资 FDI（Foreign Direct Investment）二、词语释义：substantially ：dramatically，significantly，considerably subsequently： afterwardsexacerbate：deteriorate，worsen；aggravate；make worse withdraw： cancellationtheme： principlein return for： in exchange fordisrupt： interruptdestined： designedpronounced： markedin the wake of： following； after withundue： too much； unbearablereverse： change to the oppositebuoyant： briskoutcome： resultboost： stimulate； promote； developrecover： reboundfacilitate： make easyrun-down： reductionmount exhibitions： hold exhibitionsinsofar as： to the extentbottlenecks： obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
2024年山东学位英语考试真题及答案
2024年山东学位英语考试真题及答案2024 Shandong Degree English ExamPart I Writing (30 points)Directions: Write an essay of 400-450 words on the following topic.Topic: Can Technology Solve the World's Problems?In recent years, technology has been advancing at an unprecedented pace, transforming the way we live, work, and communicate. From artificial intelligence to gene editing, new technologies hold the promise of solving some of the world's most pressing problems, such as climate change, poverty, and disease.On the one hand, technology has already made significant advancements in addressing global challenges. For example, renewable energy technologies have the potential to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and combat climate change. In the medical field, new treatments and therapies developed through technology have improved the quality of life for millions of people around the world.However, it is important to consider the limitations of technology in solving complex issues. While technology can provide solutions, it also brings about new challenges and risks. For instance, the rise of automation and artificial intelligence has raised concerns about job displacement and income inequality. Additionally, the misuse of technology, such as cyber attacks and data breaches, can have serious consequences for individuals and society as a whole.In conclusion, while technology has the potential to address global problems, it is not a panacea. It is essential to approach technological advancements with caution and consideration for their broader implications. Ultimately, it is up to individuals, governments, and organizations to harness the power of technology for the greater good and ensure that its benefits are shared equitably.2024 Shandong Degree English ExamPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.It is said that nothing sells like fear. At no other time in history has fear been such an important factor in selling. From the news and internet to TV and film, fear is used as a marketing tool to sell products and ideas.In the past, fear was mostly used in marketing products related to health and safety. Fear was used to sell products like insurance, security systems, and smoke detectors. But in the modern world, fear is used to sell just about everything. Fear of aging, fear of being unattractive, fear of looking foolish – these are fears that advertisers now exploit to sell products.Advertisers play on our fears because it is effective. Fear is a powerful motivator. When we are afraid, we are more likely to act impulsively and make quick decisions. Advertisers know this and use fear to make us buy things we don’t really need.It is important to recognize when fear is being used to manipulate us. By understanding how and why fear is used inmarketing, we can make more informed decisions about the products and ideas being sold to us.1. According to the passage, fear has always been a key factor in marketing. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVEN2. In the past, fear was mainly used to sell products related to health and safety. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVEN3. In the modern world, advertisers use fear to sell products related to health and safety. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVEN4. Fear can make people act impulsively and make quick decisions. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVEN5. The passage suggests that understanding how fear is used in marketing can help us make more informed choices. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVENPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a collection of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean. It is located between Hawaii and the West Coast of the United States. The garbage patch is made up of mostly plastic waste, which has accumulated due to ocean currents and human activity.The Great Pacific Garbage Patch poses a significant threat to marine life and the environment. Animals such as sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals can become entangled in the debris or ingest plastic, leading to injury or death. In addition, the plastic waste in the garbage patch breaks down into smaller pieces over time, releasing harmful chemicals into the water and entering the food chain.Efforts are being made to clean up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and prevent further pollution. Organizations and governments are working together to remove plastic debris from the ocean and promote recycling and waste reduction. However, addressing the problem of marine debris requires a global effort and continued commitment from all stakeholders.6. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is located in the South Pacific Ocean. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVEN7. The garbage patch is composed mainly of organic waste.(A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVEN8. Marine life is not impacted by the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVEN9. The plastic waste in the garbage patch can release harmful chemicals into the water. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVEN10. Efforts to clean up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch require collaboration between organizations and governments.(A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVENPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The Scandinavian countries of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland are known for their high quality of life and social welfare systems. These countries consistently rank among the top in global indices measuring factors such as income, education, healthcare, and overall well-being.One key element of the Scandinavian model is the concept of social equality. Scandinavian countries have high levels of income equality, with progressive taxation and generous social welfare programs that benefit all citizens. This emphasis on social equality helps to reduce poverty and inequality and promote a more cohesive society.In addition to social equality, the Scandinavian countries also prioritize education and healthcare. Education is free and accessible to all, and healthcare is provided as a public service. These investments in human capital contribute to the overall well-being and economic success of the region.It is important to note that the Scandinavian model is not without its challenges. The high levels of taxation required to fund social welfare programs can create incentives for tax evasion and discourage entrepreneurship. Additionally, the influx of refugees and immigrants in recent years has put pressure on the social welfare system and raised questions about national identity and integration.11. Scandinavian countries are known for their low quality of life. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVEN12. The Scandinavian model emphasizes social equality and welfare programs. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVEN13. Education is a priority in the Scandinavian countries. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVEN14. The high levels of taxation in the Scandinavian countries have no negative impact. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVEN15. The influx of refugees and immigrants has not affected the Scandinavian social welfare system. (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) NOT GIVENPart III Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D.You should complete the sentence with the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16. It's important to _________ a healthy work-life balance.A. retainB. maintainC. achieveD. adjust17. Can you _________ your identity with a valid driver's license?A. confirmB. demonstrateC. establishD. verify18. The company _________ a new marketing strategy to attract more customers.A. developedB. createdC. inventedD. produced19. The _________ of the new policy has yet to be determined.A. consequenceB. outcomeC. effectD. impact20. The marathon was _________ due to the rainy weather.A. postponedB. delayedC. canceledD. rescheduledPart IV Cloze Test (40 points)Directions: There is a passage with 20 blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should selectthe best fit for the blank and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.As the world becomes more 21 interconnected, the need for effective communication skills has become more 22 than ever. In today's globalized economy, employers are looking for individuals who can 23 communicate across cultures and languages. Whether you are 24 a job interview, giving a presentation, or negotiating a business deal, strong communication skills are essential for success.To improve your communication skills, it is important to be aware of the 25 barriers that can hinder effective communication. These barriers can 26 from differences in language and culture to personal biases and prejudices. By 27 these barriers, you can become a more effective communicator and build stronger relationships with others.Effective communication is not just about speaking and listening. It also 28 nonverbal communication, such as body language and facial expressions. Paying attention to these cues can help you 29 a greater understanding of what others are thinking and feeling. Additionally, 30 assertive communication and active listening skills can help you convey your ideas 31 and understand the perspectives of others.In conclusion, effective communication is a 32 skill that can benefit you in all areas of your life. By 33 your communication skills, you can improve your relationships, advance your career, and 34 your overall well-being. So, take the time to 35 on your communication skills and watch as your personal and professional 36 flourish.21. A. strong B. weak C. powerful D. important22. A. essential B. optional C. necessary D. required23. A. effectively B. inaccurately C. effectively D. poorly24. A. attending B. conducting C. participating D. observing25. A. possible B. potential C. effective D. major26. A. contain B. define C. range D. include27. A. addressing B. ignoring C. acknowledging D. denying28. A. includes B. involves C. excludes D. encompasses29. A. develop B. grow C. gain D. reach30. A. practice B. practicing C. practices D. practiced31. A. understandably B. unclearly C. vague D. thoroughly32. A. superior B. beneficial C. advantageous D. valuable33. A. enhancing B. reducing C. avoiding D. neglecting34. A. improving B. declining C. worsening D. enhancing35. A. focus B. work C. concentrate D. stress36. A. skills B. abilities C. talents D. qualitiesPart V Translation (10 points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.37. 我们应该采取措施保护环境，减少污染。
整理的经济学人 对外经贸815专业英语翻译
整理的经济学人对外经贸815专业英语翻译Unrest in peace和平时期的动荡Protests in the West have roots beyond bouts of austerity西方抗议的根源不仅是短期的财政紧缩Oct 22nd 2011 | from the print editionAFTER two decades of stable growth and mostly quiet streets the rich world has become an unruly place. Hundreds of protesters have been camped in New York’s financial district since September, inspiring similar movements in large cities around the world. In Rome the protests turned violent as demonstrators set cars alight and hurled rocks at police. Greek workers demonstrated again this week against yet another set of austerity measures. Public anger is clearly fuelled by economic troubles, but the link between economic conditions and unrest is complex.20年稳定增长和几乎安静的街道之后，发达国家已经变成一个没有秩序的地方。
此从9月，数百的抗议者已经在纽约的金融区游行，引起了全世界其他大城市相似的运动。
在罗马，当示威者点燃汽车，向警察投掷石块，抗议变成了暴力。
高考英语时事语法填空唐宁街礼貌拒绝特朗普为英国首相提供的药物(3页)
高考英语时事语法填空唐宁街礼貌拒绝特朗普为英国首相提供的药物实用短语积累turn down拒绝【同义词】decline拒绝，rejection拒绝an experimental coronavirus treatment 实验性冠状病毒治疗a press conference新闻发布会be into contact with 取得联系intensive care 重症监护pray for 祈祷the White House press briefing 白宫新闻发布会时事外刊做短文填空：No 10 has turned 1._____President Trump’s offer of an experimental coronavirus treatment for Boris Johnson.President Trump announced at 2._____press conference yesterday he 3._____(reach) out to "genius" drug companies, and been into contact with Johnson's doctors to see 4._____ hecould offer help after news broke the UK Prime Minister was in intensive care due to coronavirus.“I was very sad to hear he was taken into ICU," Trump said of Johnson at the White House press briefing yesterday. “Americans are all praying for his 5._____(recover)."The UK Prime Minister was taken to the hospital on Sunday, and the next day as his coronavirus symptoms 6._____(worse), was admitted to the ICU.Trump said at a White House press briefing yesterday he reached out to drug companies and doctors as he offered help to Johnson –7._____a spokesperson for the Prime Minister "politely declined" Trump's aid, saying "any treatment 8._____he receives is a matter for his doctors.""We're 9._____(confidence) the prime minister is receiving the best possible care from the National Health Service," the spokesman said in a statement 10._____(send) to Business Insider.Rejection of help from President Trump came the same day officials announced that Johnson's condition improved overnight.答案：1.d own2. a3.had reached4. if/whether5.recovery6.worsened7.but8.that9.confident 10. sent。
雅思考试大纲英语词锦四合集一篇
雅思考试大纲英语词锦四合集一篇雅思考试大纲英语词锦四 1entry——n. 进入;入口;条目;登记;报关手续;对土地的侵占exaggerate——vt. 使扩大;使增大vi. 夸大;夸张external——n. 外部;外观;外面adj. 外部的;表面的;[药] 外用的;外国的;外面的feat——n. 功绩，壮举;技艺表演adj. 合适的;灵巧的flax——n. 亚麻;亚麻纤维;亚麻布;亚麻织品fossil——n. 化石;僵化的事物;顽固不化的人adj. 化石的;陈腐的，守旧的furnace——n. 火炉，熔炉geomagnetic——adj. 地磁的;地磁气的gravity——n. 重力，地心引力;严重性;庄严harm——n. 伤害;损害vt. 伤害;危害;损害hide——n. 躲藏;兽皮;躲藏处vt. 隐藏;隐瞒;鞭打vi. 隐藏hurl——n. 用力的投掷vt. 丢下;用力投掷;愤慨地说出vi. 猛投;猛掷immune——n. 免疫者;免除者adj. 免疫的;免于。
的，免除的incubate——n. 孵育物vt. 孵化;培养;温育;逐渐发展vi. 孵化;酝酿innocent——n. 天真的人;笨蛋adj. 无辜的;无罪的;无知的interact——n. 幕间剧;幕间休息vt. 互相影响;互相作用vi. 互相影响;互相作用involved——v. 涉及;使参与;包含adj. 有关的;卷入的;复杂的keen——n. 痛哭，挽歌adj. 敏锐的，敏捷的;渴望的;强烈的;热心的;锐利的lawn——n. 草地;草坪limner——n. 画家，画匠loyal——n. 效忠的臣民;忠实信徒adj. 忠诚的，忠心的;忠贞的mammoth——n. 长毛象;猛犸象;庞然大物adj. 巨大的，庞大的;猛犸似的mechanism——n. 机制;原理，途径;进程;机械装置;技巧microscopic——adj. 微观的;用显微镜可见的modest——adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的;适度的;端庄的;羞怯的，有节制的multiple——n. 倍数;[电] 并联adj. 多重的;多样的';许多的negate——n. 对立面;反面vt. 否定;取消;使无效vi. 否定;否认;无效nourishing——v. 滋养;养育adj. 有营养的;滋养多的offshore——adj. 离岸的;[海洋] 近海的;吹向海面的adv. 向海面，向海ornament——n. 装饰;[建][服装] 装饰物;教堂用品vt. 装饰，修饰paddle——n. 划桨;明轮翼vt. 拌;搅;用桨划vi. 划桨;戏水;涉水patriot——n. __peripheral——adj. 外围的;次要的pigment——n. [物][生化] 色素;颜料vt. 给。
九年级英语经济政策单选题50题
九年级英语经济政策单选题50题1. The government decides to cut taxes to stimulate economic growth. This is an example of _____ policy.A. monetaryB. fiscalC. tradeD. industrial答案：B。
解析：fiscal policy（财政政策）主要涉及政府的税收和支出等方面，政府削减税收属于财政政策范畴。
monetary policy（（货币政策）主要由中央银行控制货币供应量等。
trade policy（（贸易政策）侧重于国际贸易相关的规则和措施。
industrial policy（产业政策）关注特定产业的发展等，所以A、C、D选项错误。
2. In a free - market economy, prices are mainly determined by _____.A. the governmentB. producersC. consumersD. supply and demand答案：D。
解析：在自由市场经济中，价格主要由供给和需求（supply and demand）决定。
政府（（the government）在自由市场经济中一般较少直接干预价格。
生产者（（producers）和消费者（（consumers）会影响供给和需求，但不是直接决定价格的因素，所以A、B、C选项错误。
3. Which of the following is an example of a protectionist trade policy?A. Free trade agreementB. TariffC. Export subsidy for all industriesD. Encouraging foreign direct investment答案：B。
解析：关税（（Tariff）是一种典型的保护主义贸易政策，通过对进口商品加征关税来保护本国产业。
Cooperation_with_industry_partners_and_academia_pr
Cooperation with industry partners and academia provides British SMEs a very powerful and efficient business modelThe textile market has been quite buoyant, in part due to the world eco-nomic challenges that have seen sourcing in the UK as both competitive and rich in desirable sustainable products. The ever-widening sector in technical textiles as driven innovation strongly here in the UK which has seen an increase in activ-ity in the machine building industry.Although demand has decreased by volume, these orders have been re-placed by supply of product to higher specifications both technically and sustain-ably. Whilst the rising costs of raw materials is a concern, the available supply of raw materials and the significant rise in energy costs has eclipsed this. The need to rapidly develop and implement more energy efficient processes, vertically integrate production processes and re-shore supply back to the UK or Europe has been the focus for many manufacturers. I don’t expect the situation to ever return to normal, and the “new normal” will yield some surprising and perhaps beneficial outcomes.There are 39 British companies exhibiting at ITMA this year. With the focus on sustainability and circularity, we have several companies who are launch-ing some industry changing and innovative products. Alchemie Technology for example are launching their Endeavour Waterless Smart Dyeing technology which is a breakthrough digital manufacturing process for textile dyeing. It de-livers dramatic water and energy savings whilst enabling the market to deliver on-demand digital dyeing. Cygnet Texkimp are showcasing their composite material manufacturing solutions and a unique process in being able to sustain-ably recycling carbon fibre end of life products. Shelton Vision systems will be demonstrating live their tailored machine-learning AI solutions for the textiles industry. Also, I’d recommend looking at the solutions that Tatham are offering as a manufacturer of textile machinery focusing on equipment for the process-ing of staple fibres.British companies, particularly SMEs are becoming more receptive to col-laborative working, both with industry partners and academia. This provides a very powerful and efficient business model for innovation and rapid to market availability of solutions. A collaborative approach to market challenges is more flexible, light-weighted from a resource perspective, and adaptable. This ap-Interview with Mr. Jason Kent,Chief Executive Officer of BritishTextile Machinery Associationproach relies heavily on feedback collected during the design and testing phases to quickly make changes that will provide the marginal gains needed when the new product is launched. As part of the collaboration, local end-users further contribute to this process by providing valuable feedback. By each party focusing on their own core competences, the outcomes yield the best chance of the most competitive and innovative solu-tion in the shortest possible time. My expectation for the exhi-bition is change, significant change in a world that has a new normal. I think all exhibitors collectively are working to provide solutions that are very different to the last exhibition in Bar-celona yet are all faced with the same theme of challenges ir-respective of the industry sector. I am confident that the whole industry is striving to overcome new challenges and with it comes the need for customers to invest in new technologies if they are to remain dominant players in their own markets.China Textile 53Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.。
英语作文吸烟有害健康
Smoking is a habit that has been widely recognized for its detrimental effects on health.Here are some key points to consider when discussing the harmful effects of smoking in an English composition:1.Health Risks:Smoking is the leading cause of numerous diseases,including lung cancer,heart disease,stroke,and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD.It weakens the immune system,making individuals more susceptible to infections.2.Secondhand Smoke:Even nonsmokers can suffer from the effects of smoking when they are exposed to secondhand smoke.This can lead to respiratory problems,heart disease,and even lung cancer in some cases.3.Addictive Nature:Nicotine,the primary addictive substance in cigarettes,can lead to dependency.This makes it difficult for smokers to quit,even when they are aware of the health risks.4.Financial Burden:The cost of cigarettes can be a significant financial burden for smokers,especially when considering the longterm expenses associated with smokingrelated health issues.5.Environmental Impact:Cigarette butts are a major source of litter and can take years to decompose.They also leach chemicals into the environment,affecting wildlife and ecosystems.6.Effects on Others:Children and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of smoking.Exposure to smoke can lead to asthma in children and can have adverse effects on the development of a fetus.7.Social Consequences:Smoking can lead to social stigma and may affect personal and professional relationships.It can also limit ones ability to engage in certain activities, such as sports or travel.ernment Regulations:Many governments have implemented strict regulations on smoking,including bans in public places,high taxes on tobacco products,and public health campaigns to educate about the dangers of smoking.9.Quitting Benefits:Quitting smoking has immediate and longterm health benefits. Within20minutes of quitting,heart rate and blood pressure drop.Over time,the risk of heart disease and other smokingrelated diseases decreases significantly.10.Support for Quitting:There are various resources available to help individuals quit smoking,including nicotine replacement therapies,counseling,and support groups.When writing an English composition on this topic,its important to provide evidence and examples to support your e a clear structure,such as an introduction,body paragraphs for each point,and a conclusion summarizing the main ideas.Additionally, consider using persuasive language to encourage readers to consider the importance of quitting smoking for their health and the health of those around them.。
新策略英语翻译题
The traffic regulations in this country say that cars must give way to bicycles.You’d better reflect upon your own blunder before proceeding to correct other's flaw.How much money do you plan to keep in your account on a regular basis?你计划在你的户头上定期存放多少钱？Tourists in the northern Italian city of Verona make a point of visiting Juliet's house, in reality a former inn.到意大利北部城市维罗纳观光的游客都会去参观朱丽叶故居，其实，那儿以前只是个小旅馆。
At board meetings you have to get used to the formality of the language.参加董事会议必须习惯那些古板的语言。
You\'d better have a map in case you may get lost in the city.你最好带上地图，以免在城里迷了路。
1. John and Peter were quarreling, but Mary refused to get embroiled in it.约翰和彼特在争吵，但玛丽不愿卷入他们的纠纷中。
2. According to our records, the books you have borrowed should now be returned to the library.根据我们的记录，你借的书现在应该还给图书馆了。
3. I bought a house by means of housing mortgage.我用住房按揭的形式购买了一套住房。
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Incidents Related to Kentucky Motor Speedway - Motor Terms We all know that Kentucky Motor Speedway hosted IndyCar race ever since the speedway was opened. However there was one racer seriously damaged in one of the IndyCar races in 2002. Carroll appealed to the court that ISC and NASCAR were violating the antitrust rule due to that the two organizations were limiting the hosting place of Sprint Cup Series event. It was put an end to provisionally in 1008 when the judge said the lawsuit was dismissed and the two organizations won. The real finishing line was drawn in the year 2010 due to the two owners of different period agreed to drop the lawsuit.
Nationwide Series, Camping World Truck Series, IndyCar races continued in Kentucky Motor Speedway which never hosted the Sprint Cup Series events. Carroll devoted to gain the hosting of Sprint Cup Series event all the time, finally in the year 2010, exciting news was announced that Quaker State 400 (inaugural Sprint Cup Series event) would be held in Kentucky Motor Speedway in 2011. Soon Kentucky Motor Speedway was under configuration to amplify the grandstand holding capacity and to enlarge the camping space. We witnessed the historical moment was made perfect by selling out all the tickets in the grandstand.
The race was not in good control as you had thought, it was hassled by many incidents such as a traffic jam which nearly led to the absence of one racer in the pre-meeting. Inadequate parking spaces and a failure of speedway management were acknowledged by the speedway due to the fact that it had caused chaos. This snafu was settled when Kentucky Motor Speedway agreed to compensate the fans that haven’t got the tickets by supplying other tickets of the rest racings. From then on, Kentucky Motor Speedway dedicated to improve the facilities and the complete the management system.。