临床医学英语各单元课后重点单词及习题部分解析

临床医学英语各单元课后重点单词及习题部分解析
U1
单词：
结核病：tuberculosis 精神科：psychiatry
麻醉：anesthesia 恢复；康复：rehabilitation
选词填空：
1 、AS is the case with so many organs ，t he function of the heart
is rather complicated（复杂的）2、Not all details of the liver transplantation are available（可用的）
3、Please report to the personnel（人事部）department of manager
4 、Upper lobe bronchiectasis is usually secondary to tuberculosis（结核病）
翻译：
1、医学的进步在医疗界创造了一场实质性的革命：为病人提供的服务质量得到改善；医疗从业人员的职业培训要求有所提高；人们处理伤病的方法也增多了。

Advances in medical science have created a virtual revolution in the health services field。

The quality of the care available to patients has improved；the need for personnel trained in the health professions has grown ；and the variety of ways for people to work with the sick and injured has increased
2、病历是永久性的资料，记录着病人在住院期间所接受的一切治疗。

病历至少应包含以下内容：病人的病情是如何得到观察和诊断的；如何治疗；以及病人对治疗的反应
This medical record is a permanent document 。

It gives a complete history of all that is done for the patient during his hospital stay。

It includes at least the following information：how the patient’s condition is noticed and diagnosed；how the condition was treated；and how the patient responded to the treatment
U2
单词：
细胞外的：Extracellular 局部缺血：ischemia 梗死；
梗塞：infarction 肾上腺的：adrenal
体内平衡：homeostasis 制度；治疗方案：regimen
选词填空：
1 、Other stimuli to the production of aldosterone are hyponatremia，hyperkalemia，and adrenocorticotropic（促肾上腺皮质）hormone （ACTH）2、When bilatera（l双侧的）r enal arterial disease exists，the
improvement rate is somewhat over 50%
3、It is therefore quite probable that patients with this sort of problem do better on a long-term antihypertensive（抗血压的）
翻译：
How may the clinician differentiate so-called primary aldosteronism ，where there is an autonomous aldosterone-producing tumor or a diffuse hyperplasia within the adrenal gland ，form secondary aldosteronism ，in dosterone by way of the angiotensin system
临床医师如何鉴别所谓的原发性醛固酮增多症（肾上腺醛固酮自分泌肿瘤或弥漫增生），与继发性醛固酮增多症（通过血管紧张素系，肾素分泌增加而致醛固酮分泌增加）
U3
单词：
刺穿的；尖利的：stabbing 垂死的：moribund
栓塞形成：embolization 心律失常；心律不齐：arrhythmia
选词填空：
1 、It is becoming increasingly clear that atrioventricular junction ablation（消融）is no longer considered by many a tactic of last resort
2、Because of the dilatation（扩张）t he total muscle mass of the ventricle increased，and the most obvious hypertrophy is seen in the trabeculae of the inner layers of the ventricular wall
3、The etiology of the majority of congenital （先天的）
cardiac anomalies remains unknown
翻译：
The blood flow to your heart，unlike the blood flow your other organs ，has a peculiarity in that it occurs mostly during the relaxation of the heart，rather than during contraction
血液主要是在心脏舒张时而不是在收缩时流向心脏，这一特点和流向其他器官的
血液不同
男性患者，57 岁，因主诉胸部不适而入我院。

既往史有间断性上腹部痛。

A 57-year-old patient ，m ale ，w as admitted to this hospital with a chief complaint of chest pain 。

He had a history of intermittent epigastralgia
U4
单词：
肾病学：Nephrology 髓质：medulla
氮血症：adenosine 血肿：hematoma
翻译：
This review will focus on recent advances in diagnostic techniques，supportive care，and therapeutic modalities，as well as the experimental data that we believe have given us a clearer understanding of the pathophysiology of acute renal
failure。

该综述的重点是诊断技术、支持治疗、治疗方法的新进展，以及我们认为使我们对急性肾衰的病理生理更清晰认识的实验资料
肾脏超声是排除尿路阻塞最安全、最可靠、应用最广泛的检查方法。

The renal ultrasound is the safest，most reliable，a nd most widely available test
for excluding urinary tract obstruction。

U5
单词：
心绞痛：angina 损害：lesion
尿毒症：uremia 禁食的；空腹的：fasting 病理生
理：pathophysiologic
选词填空：
1、The patient will recover in a few days if there is no
complication（并发症）
2、it is unfortunate that the onset （发病）of cancer is painless；otherwise，cancer would not be the problem that i t
is。

3、Diabetes（糖尿病）is one of the leading causes of death and remains a serious health problem in all parts of the world
翻译：
Davidson and colleagues strongly suggest that because protein glycosylation is one ，if not the ，major pathophysiologic abnormality in diabetic microvascular and neurologic complications，assays of hemoglobin glycosylation should be the diagnostic criterion standard for diabetes
Davdson 等强调，由于蛋白糖化是一个重要的病理生理异常因素，能导致糖尿病微血管和神经病变并发症，因此糖化血红蛋白应作为糖尿病的诊断标准之一。

U6
单词：
哮喘：asthma 过敏原：allergen 心动过速：tachycardia 脉搏：pulsus
选词填空：
1 、When stimulated ，these receptors cause reflex
bronchoconstriction（支气管狭窄）through vagal efferent pathways
2、The combined respiratory and metabolic acidosi（s may be life threatening 酸毒症）
3、Respirations usually are shallow and frequent，the chest may be hyperinflated and wheezing（喘息声）can be heard without a stethoscope 4 、In patients who are hypoxemic ，normocapnia or hypercapnia （高碳酸血症）may reflect severe flow obstruction and fatigue
5、Tachycardia，tachypnea（呼吸急促），and fever may be present
翻译：
Several interrelated physiologic abnormalities occur in patient with significant bronchoconstriction
有显著支气管狭窄的病人可发生数种互相关联的生理异常
如怀疑有感染，应做全血细胞计数以确定白细胞是否增多。

If infection is thought to be present ，a complete blood cell count should be obtained to assess leukocytosis
外周血或痰中嗜酸性细胞增多与过敏性支气管痉挛有关，用皮质激素治疗反应良好
Peripheral or sputum eosinophilia is consisitent with allergically mediated bronchospasm that often responds rapidly to corticosteroids
U7
单词：
胃肠的：gastrointestinal 出血：haemorrhage 腐
蚀；糜烂：reosion 消化不良的：dyspeptic 失
眠：vigilance
选词填空：
1、Melaena（黒粪症）w ithout haematemesis often indicates a less severe
bleed。

2、Physical signs following gastrointestinal （消化道的）haemorrhage are misleading and frequently underestimate the true blood loss
3 、These measurements taken with the patient lying down may not always detect hypovolaemia（低血容量）
4、This preliminary （初步的）measure is particularly important when shock is evident
5、Anxiety（焦虑）i s best allayed by the prompt institution of the measures already mentioned and strong reassurance
翻译
A history or signs of recent weight loss，anorexia，or a mass in the epigastrium points to a diagnosis of stomach cancer
近期出现体重减轻、厌食或上腹部肿块的病史或体征可诊断为胃癌。

估测中心静脉压是一种评估血容量不足程度更加准确的方法
Estimation of the central venous pressure is an even more accurate means of assessing the degree of hypovolaemia
从开始就应鼓励口服补液。

如病人饥饿，可以进食。

Oral fluids should be encouraged fron the start and food taken if the patient feels hungry
U10
单词：
溶解血栓的：thrombolytic 需要;表明：indicate 血
管舒张药：vasodilator 呼吸机：ventilator
预防：prophylaxis
选词填空：1、Disease is a concomitant （伴随物）with poor sanitation
2、Chewing ginseng is a prophylaxi（s预防）against infections
3、The patient should be advised to report the untoward effects（不良反应）of the drugs to the physicians
翻译：
Many patient presenting with chest pain initially believed to be cardiac in etiology may，in fact，have esophageal disease as an alternative or additional cause of their complaints
许多患者的胸痛开始被认为是心源性的，而实际上，病人患有食道疾病，可能
是胸痛的另一种起因，或者与其他因素共同导致胸痛。

急性心肌梗塞期间约有90%的病人会出现心律不齐，而且通常为室性心律不齐During the course of acute myocardial infarction ，
approximately 90% of cases will develop arrhythmia，usually
ventricular。

U12
单词：
穿孔：perforate 幽门：pylori
易感性：susceptibility 白细胞：leukocyte
选词填空：
1、An electronic sound system represents the integration（整合）of thousands of components。

2、A drastic （激烈的）action is one that is violent ，a nd perhaps desperate
3、If the pain should recur（复发），take this medicine
4、There must be some psychological（精神上）explanation for his bad temper，as he’s usually so gentle
5、To illustrate（解释说明）my meaning，l et me take the case in point as an example。

翻译：
Once all ulcer has developed ，therapy is less effective in distressed individuals，and their ulcers are more likely to recur over years
精神紧张者一旦发生溃疡，其治疗效果很差，而且其溃疡更易在数年后复发
感染大量幽门螺杆菌，尤其感染了致病力强的菌株时，不论
有无精神因素，患者均易患溃疡病；而有严重精神因素者在无幽门螺旋杆菌感
染或感染很轻时，也可发生溃疡病Individuals infected with large burdens or particularly virulent strains of H pylori may be capable of developing ulcers regardless of their psychological characteristics ，whereas persons under severe stress might develop ulcers despite light or nonexistent infection
U14
选词填空：
1 、Recurrent pneumonia may also be caused by repeated
aspirations（吸气）
2、Many pulmonary（肺部的）diseases have well defined pathogenetic mechanisms of an immunological nature
3、Respitarory（呼吸道）tract infection remains the most common type of the infection among intensive care unit patient
4、in case in which standard therapy（治疗）fails，pulmonary artery
catheterization can help define the need for additional vasodilator therapy。

5、The respiratory complication（并发症）o f burns can result
in significant morbidity and mortality in those initially surviving a fire
U15
单词：
最重要的；至高无上：paramount
使结晶；使具体化：crystallize 标准；规范：norm
选词填空：
1、In the process of living，organisms（有机体），m a y g et into our bodies。

2、It must never be ignored that in the final analysis，concern for the public’s health is the paramount（最重要的）r eason for environmental action
3、These interrelations between the total person and the total environment are dynamic（动态的）
翻译：
与环境的相互作用体现在我们与整个环境的关系上
The interactions with the environment are involved in our relationship with our total environment。

现在，人们在改善环境方面是不协调的
It is inconsistent for people to improve the environment now。