初中英语69组近义词辨析专项练习题(中考英语资料)

初中英语近义词辨析专项练习（必考点）
1.tell talk say speak
speak讲语言speak to sb about sth
tell告诉tell sb sth/tell sth to sb
say说say sth to sb
talk交谈,聊天talk to sb/talk sb about sth
say ,speak talk 和tell辨析.
▲ say一般作及物动词用,着重说话的内容,它的宾语可以是名词,代
词或宾语从句.
eg:He can say his name.他会说他的名字.
Please say it in English.请用英语用.
She`s saying ,Don`t draw on the wall.她在说“别在墙上画”.
▲ speak强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容.作及物动词时,常以某种
语言作宾语.作不及物动词时,常见的搭配形式有：
speak of something/somebody谈到某事（某人）speak to sb 跟某
人讲话,此外speak还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说.
Can you speak Japanese?你会说日语吗?
She is speaking to her teacher.她正在跟她的老师说话.
He spoke at the meeting yesterday.他昨天在会上讲了话.
▲ talk 一般为不及物动词,意思是“交谈,谈话,着重强调两具之间的
相互说话.
eg:She is talking with Lucy in English.
她正在和露茜用英语交谈.
What are you talking about?你们在谈论什么?
The teacher is talking to him.老师正在和他谈话.
▲ tell常作及物动词,意为“讲述,告诉,动词常跟双宾语.
tell sb sth＝tell sth to sb告诉某人某事.
eg:He is telling the children a story.
他正在给孩子们讲一个故事.
Did you tell her the news?＝Did you tell the news to her?
你把这个消息告诉她了吗?
1 Can you _____ me the truth?
2 What language do you ____?
3 This is what they ____ yesterday.
4 Don’t ___in class，please be quiet.
2..look look at see watch
look为不及物动词，后面不能带宾语，常单独使用，以引起对方注意。

例如：
Look! That's an English car. 看！那是一辆英国的小汽车。

look at是由动词look 与介词at组成的词组，相当于及物动词，后面可以带宾语，侧重"看"的动作。

例如：Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。

see为及物动词，意思是"看见"，侧重"看"的结果。

例如：Can I see your new pen? 我可以看看你的新钢笔吗？
watch 是及物动词，意思是"观看、注视"，用来指注视移动着的物体，如看电视、看球赛、看戏等。

例如：They are watching TV.他们正在看电视
1 The coat ____ nice, I want to buy one for my daughter.
2 Please _______ the blackboard, can you ___ anything?
3 She doesn’t like ____ TV,but she likes _____ football game.
3..sound listen to hear
sound可作名词和动词.作名词时表"声响,声音",作动词时是一个"半系动词",后面一般加形容词或从句,表"听起来怎么样".
hear是"听",它强调"听"的结果.你可翻译为"听到"
listen是不及物动词,后面不能直接加宾语,也是"听",但它强调"听"的动作,你可以翻译为"收听".
listen是不及物动词,但如果想要加"听"的对象,怎么办?这时就用listten to 了.
1 ____ the radio, it says the flood is coming soon.
2 I can’t ____ you , because there’s something wrong with my ears.
3 What you said ____ interesting.
4..hear from hear of
listen to 是动作“听”
hear 也是听,但是更强调听到的结果
例如：I listened carefully to the radio,but didn't hear anything.
我仔细听收音机,但是什么也没听见.(这个句子很烂)
hear of 是听说到
I have never heard of the anecdote before.我从来也没有听到过这件事.
hear from 有从...听说到,收到...消息等意思
I am delighted to hear from you.收到你的来信很高兴.
1 After ____ her sister, she read and soon wrote back.
2 Have you _____ the place called Shenglong?
.5.receive accept
receive 是‘接到，收到（客观上）的意思,但并不意味着同意接受
比如说你很讨厌一个人他写信给你你不想收可是你并不能阻挡这封信的到来accept 是‘接到，并同意的意思'
比如说有人约你星期六出去玩你知道了也接受了这个邀请
He _____ a pr esent yesterday, but he didn’t _____ it, because it was too much expensive and he sent it back.
6..look up look for find find out
look up可以为查阅,比如查字典I look up a few words.我查了几个字
look for为寻找,I'm looking for my car.我在找我的车
look up还有其他的解释：向上看, 尊敬, 仰望, 查寻, 拜访, 好转
I look up Peter yearningly. 我渴望见到彼得.
Look up a few words. 查几个字.
Look up an old friend. 拜访一个老朋友
I look up several old friends. 我拜访了几位老友.
Look! It's a clearing up. 瞧,天晴了.
Don't look up the dictionary. 不要查字典.
I think I'd better look that up. 我想我得查一下.
Look how our plants have shot up. 瞧我们的庄稼长得多快.
Look, the orchestra pit is filling up
find就是单纯的找到,I find my car.我找到的车了
find out也是发现,但是通常用于发现比较抽象的理论或者发现某一件事
I find out the secret.
attempt to find out. 试图发现事情的真相.
How did you find out? 你怎么知道的?
Truth will find liars out. 真理会戳穿说谎者.
His sins will find him out. 他为非作歹,不会有好下场.
How soon will I find out? 要等多久才能找到?
Let me find out for you. 我来查一查.
Love will find out the way. 爱情自会寻出路.
Somebody will find that secret out. 有人会发现那个秘密.
I'll find out where they live. 我去打听一下他们住在哪儿.
I'll find out who is available. 我问一下谁有空跟你接洽
1 He often takes a dictionary and ______ the new words in it?
2 The little girl _____ her pen everywhere but didn’t _____ it at last.
3 Look! Rita is crying over there. Let’s go and _____ why is she crying.
7..keep borrow lend
borrow 指的是从别人那里借take可以指参加~ 拿走的意思lend 是从自己这里借出什么东西get 是得到的意思
1 – My bike is broken, can I ___ yours ,Lily?
-Oh, sorry, I’ve ____ it to Sandy.
2 –How long may I ____ this book?
-For about two weeks.
8..reach arrive get
1、arrive是不及物动词，后面要跟in或at，表示到达大城市或国家时要用in，到达小城市、乡村、车站等小地方则用at。

如：
We arrived in London last week. （我们上周到达伦敦。

）
The doctor arrived at the village at last. （医生终于到达了那个村子。

）
2、reach是个独行侠，是及物动词，后面从来不跟介词，直接跟宾语（地点名）就行了。

如：
When did you reach the station？（你是什么时间到达车站的?）
He reached Nanjing at noon. （他是中午到达南京的。

）
3、get与arrive一样，是不及物动词，所以常带着to一起出行。

不过，当“到达”的地点是副词时，get就不带它了，如：
Ann got to the farm at six o’cl ock. （安六点钟到达农场。

）
I got here early in the morning. （我一大早就到这儿了。

）
当然，如果不指明到达的地点就不能用get，而要用arrive了。

如：
When I arrived，they weren’t there. （当我到达时，他们不在那儿。

）
1 They will ____ in Chengdu next week.
2 How do you ___ to school every day?
3 Use a longer stick, then you can ____ the apples.
9..thanks to thanks for
Ⅰ. thanks for = thank you for “为……谢”强调谢的原因。

如：①Thanks for lending me your umbrella.谢谢你借给我雨伞。

②Thank you for your dictionary. 谢谢你的字典。

Ⅱ. thanks to “多亏了……”；“由于……的帮助”相当于because of …或with the help of … , 在此短语中，to是一个介词，后接名词或代词。

如：①Thanks to the doctor, I am well again. 多亏这位医生，我身体又康复了。

②Thanks to our teachers, we all passed the exam.多亏了老师的帮助，我们都及格了。

③Thanks to your help, I finish the work on time. 多亏了你的帮助，我才能按时完成工作
1 ______ your help, I’ve understand it.
2 ______ the cats, mice dare not come and eat my food.
10..give in give up
give up 与give in都有“放弃，让步”之意，但give up 指行为者碰到某种困难或原因而自己主动放弃；give in指行为者屈于某种压力而被迫按别人的要求去做，侧重于屈服。

give up可作vt., 后接名词或动名词作宾语；而give in只作vi. ,后不接宾语。

1 We shouldn’t _____ learning English!
2 I would rather die than _____ before my enemies.
11..achieve come true
achieve：实现成绩、目标，主语是人。

realize：实现，意识到，多指意识到某种道理、规律什么的，主语是人。

come true：实现，多指梦想、蓝图、计划，主语是梦想蓝图计划什么的。

1 He works so hard that he is sure to___ his dream.
2 His prediction of human’s flying to the m oon _____.
12.turn off close turn on open
“open”和“turn on”在汉语中都是“开”的意思，但其含义和用法是不同的。

“open”是指将原来关上或合上的东西打开，
如open the door/window/…；
“turn on”而则指转动或推上开关等打开，
如turn on the TV/light/…；“close”和“turn off”在意思和动作上正好与“o pen”和“turn on”相反，都是“关”的意思，其用法与“open”和“turn on”相同，
如close the basket , turn off the Walkman
turn down意为“（把收音机的音量、灯等）关小、调低”，其反义词组为turn up。

1 _____ the windows please, it’s so cold outside.
2 ____ the lights before you leave the room.
3 The dog _____ the box and took the bone out!
4 _____ the TV, I want to watch the NBA basketball games.
13.break off break out break into break down
break up:vt.开垦(破碎,破坏,解散,结束,衰弱)
break down:vt.打破(减轻,坍塌,彻底失败,精神不支,中止,把分解)
break in:vt.闯入(打断,使习惯于,使驯服,训练成为)
break out:爆发
break into:闯入
break through:vt.突破
break off ：v.中断,折断,突然停止,脱落,暂停,断绝,解除
1 He was late for school yesterday, because his car ____ on the half way.
2 The World WarⅡ____ when she was only five.
3 They ____ their friendship and didn’t talk to each other any more.
4 Last night a thief _____ my house and took away my TV.
14. solve reply answer
solve 解决（问题）及物动词常与problem 连用
reply 回复，答复不及物动词常与to连用
answer 回答及物动词常与question 连用
1 What did Mr Smith ____ to what others said?
2 No one in our class can ______ this question.
3 It’s too difficult for everyone to ______ that problem.
15.hope wish
hope 希望指较为现实的想法常有hope to do 或hope + 从句，但没有hope sb to do wish希望指不太现实的要求或想法有wish to do 或wish sb to do。

也有wish+从句，
但这时的从句多用虚拟语气，及从句中常有could 或should等
1 – The weather may be fine tomorrow.
- I ____ so.
2 Mum ____ me to be a doctor in the future.
3 How I ____ I could fly to the moon!
16.take cost spend pay
take 花费尤指花费时间,主语为物常有it takes sb some time to do sth
cost花费指花金钱，主语为物常有cost sb some money
spend 花费主语为人常有spend… doing 或spend…on sth
pay 花费主语为人常有pay…fo r
1 It often ___ about 3 hours to get to school from my home.
2 – Who will ____ for the bill?
- Maybe our boss.
3 The house ___ him 30,000 dollars.
4 His cousin _____ the whole day making the toy car yesterday.
17.take part in join
take part in 参加某项活动
join参加某个组织、团体、俱乐部、军队、党团或个人
1 Mr Wang ___ the Party 5 years ago.
2 They invited Lily ______ that party.
18.do with deal with
do with处理，应付在问句中要与what 连用
deal with 处理，对付在问句中要与how连用
1 How can you ___ that problem?
2 What do you ____ the event?
19.put on wear dress
Wear:多表示状态，强调“穿着”，其宾语为衣帽等服饰
Put on :做“穿”讲时，强调穿的动作，多翻译为“穿上，戴上”
Dress可表示“穿着某种颜色或服饰的衣服”，其后加介词in，不可加具体的服饰。

1 _____ the warm clothes, it’s cold outside.
2 Mary is always ______ red clothes . Maybe red is her favorite color.
3 The little boy could ______ himself when he was three years old.
20.win lose beat
Win,beat,lose,fai l区别
1.Win,beat都有赢击败的意思，但是win的宾语一般是比赛或是比赛项目，而beat的宾语一般是人或比赛的队伍
2.lose ，fail都有失败的意思lose的用法是lose the match .lose to sb.而fail常用在sb. Fail the match 中
beat 打，抽打；defeat 挫败；win胜利；lose 失败
1 Our team has ___ the football match, we are all happy. But they are frustrated, because theirs ____ the match.
2 The Brazilian football team ___ us 5-0 in that match, all the Chinese fans were very sad. 21.be made in be made of be made from be made up of
(1)be made of是…制成的.介词of所指的原材料往往是未经变化、仍可看得出材料的原样.
This kite is made of paper .这个风筝是纸做的.
The old bridge is made of stone .那座古桥是用石头造的.
This kind of glass is made of paper .这种杯子是纸制的.
(2)be made from由…制成的.介词from所指的原材料往往是经过变化、已看不出原来的材料.
Salt is made from seawater .盐是用海水制成的.
Bread is made from wheat .面包是小麦制成的.
This kind of drink is made from apple .这种饮料是由苹果酿成的.
(3)be made in在…制造.介词in后所要求的是地点.
This bike is made in Shanghai .这辆自行车是上海制造的.
This kind of car is made in this factory .这种汽车是这个工厂生产的.
(4)be made by由某人做的.
This machine was made by Uncle Wang .这台机器是王叔叔造的.
(5)be made into被制成.介词into后所要求的是产品.
These things will be made into paper .这些东西将被制成纸.
Glass can be made into many kind of things .玻璃可以被制成许多种东西.
(6)be made up of由…组成.介词of后所要求的是构成主语的人或物.
1 The desk _______ wood.
2 This kind of watch ______ Shanghai.
3 Our class ______ 50 students.
4 Paper _______ bamboo.
22.have been to have been in have gone to
have been in, have been to, have gone to这三个短语都有“到某地去”的意思,但涵义和用法各不相同.Have been in强调“过去曾去过”之意,表示经验；have been to的意思是“过去到过而现在已返回”,它强调“最近的经历”；have gone to表示“动作的完成”,强调人已离开说话的地方.
通过下列句子的对比,可以分清它们各自不同的涵义：
They have been in Chicago．（1）
They have been to Chicago．（2）
They have gone to Chicago．（3）
（1）句的意思是“他们曾去过芝加哥”,此语强调过去的经历,但没有说明现在是否已回来.
言外之意,他们到过芝加哥,他们知道芝加哥在何处,该城市有多大,人口有多少等等. （2）句的意思是“他们曾到过芝加哥,现在已回来了”.此语强调的是往返的经历.
（3）句的意思是“他们已到芝加哥去了”,此语的言外之意是“也许他们已经到达,也许现在还在途中”,它强调“去”的动作已经完成,所以人已不在说话的地点.
1 They ______ Italy for more than 7 years, so Italy is their second home.
2 This person can’t be Yao Ming, for Yao _______ America.
3 – How many times _______ Hainan?
- Only 3 times.
too much / much too 小窍门
t oo much -----就看much
much too -----就看too 前面的不要管它.归根结底是much和too的区别
*(too) much
1．相当于形容词,意为“more than enough”,用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语.如：
Americans eat too much meat in my opinion．依我看,美国人吃的肉太多.
I drank too much cola last night．昨天晚上我可乐喝得太多了.
The work is too much for her．这工作她干不了.
She's afraid the trip will be too much for me．她怕我受不了旅途的劳累.
2．相当于名词,在句子中作主语或宾语.如：
Too much was happening all at once．同时发生的事情太多了.
You have given me too much．你给我的太多了.
3．相当于副词,在句子中作状语.如：
You work too much．你工作干得太多了.
She talks too much．她话说得太多了.
*(much) too
much too的用法比较简单,只用作副词作状语,但它不单独使用,在句子中要修饰形容词或副词,但不修饰动词.如：
You are much too kind to me．你对我实在太好了.
It's much too cold．天气实在太冷了.
You are driving much too fast．你开车太快了.
1.The computer is ____ expensive.
2.Stop, Peter. You talked ____.
3.I’ve got ____ work to do.
4.Father, have a rest. You’ve ____ tired today.
5.Hurry up! You have wasted ___ time.
24. holiday/ vacation
1.holiday和vacation 都可表示“假期”，前者主要用于英国英语中，后者主要用于美国英语中。

如：
He took (a) ten days’holiday [vacation]. 他请假10 天。

The boys are going to Beijing during the summer holidays [vacation]. 男孩子们打算暑假去北京。

但是，无论在英国英语中还是美国英语中，表示因宗教节日或国家喜庆日而设立的法定“假日”都用holiday。

如：
Friday is a holiday in Muslim countries. 在穆斯林国家星期五是假日。

New Year’s Day is a holiday for everyone. 元旦是所有人的节(假)日。

另外，无论在英国英语还是在美国英语中，大学的假期，都用vacation。

如：
The library is closed during the college vacation. 大学放假期间图书馆不开放。

两者都可与介词on 连用构成习语。

如：
He is on holiday [vacation]. 他在度假。

She has gone to Paris on holiday [vacation]. 她去巴黎度假了。

该习语通常不用冠词，但有时可用物主代词。

如：
We’re touring Italy on our holiday [vacation]. 我们正在意大利观光度假。

注：three holidays 是“三个假期”,不是“三天假期”。

表示后者可以用：a holiday of three days / three days’holiday / a three-day holiday。

2. leave表示“休假”、“假期”(不可数)，主要指雇员因有某种理由而获准的休假。

如：
He’s taken unpaid leave for a month. 他请了一个月的停薪假。

She has been given sick (compassionate, maternity) leave. 她获准休病假(事假，产假)。

leave 还通常指军队、政府、机关等的休假。

His annual leave is thirty working days. 他每年的休假是30 个工作日。

He gets home leave every two years. 他每两年有一次探亲假。

注意以下常用习语或有用搭配：
sick leave 病假on leave 休假leave of absence请假
ask for leave 请假t ake four months’leave 请4 个月的假
1.Christmas is a ____ for everybody.
2.The children will take their summer __ in half a month.
3.My father is on _____.
25. close/ shut off/ turn off
turn off 关(自来水、电灯、收音机等)
Please turn off the light.请把灯关了.
shut off 切断,中断（供水、供气）
The electricity shuts off at midnight.半夜电停了
shut off the hot water by closing a valve.关上阀门从而阻断了热水
close和shut这两个词的共同意思是“关闭”。

其细微区别在于:
1.clos e指把门等关到让人不能出入的程度,只表示关上; 而shut指关严并紧紧闩住,强调与外界隔绝。

例如:
He did not close the door when he left the room.他离开房间时没有关门。

Shut the door so that the cat won't get out.把门关严,别让猫跑出去。

The store closes at 9 p.m. every day.这家商店晚9点关门。

The police shut the murderer up in a cell.警方把杀人犯关进牢房。

2.表示“暂不开放”用close,表示“永不开放”用shut。

例如:
The swimming pool has closed for the winter.游泳场冬天不开放。

The hotel is shut.这家旅馆不再开业了。

turn off关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向
shut down停工，停产，关闭
它们都有“关闭”的意思，但是turn off一般是指关闭电器、仪器
shut down是指“关闭”公司、工厂
1.You’d better ____the motor. It is making too much noise.
2.All the shops are ____ now.
3.She didn’t __ the door and entered the house.
4.He ____ the lights before he left the lab.
5._____ the television, please.
26. instead/ instead of/ without
without[ wiT5aut ]prep.没有,不,(表条件)如果没有,要没有adv.在外,在屋外, 后通常跟的是单词
instead of adv.代替,而不是...,而instead of 后通常跟动词短语或句子
一.instead意为“代替”“替代”,作副词用,通常位于句尾.如位于句首时常用逗号与后面阁开.instead 在顺接句子中作“代替”讲,而在转折（或逆转）句子中作“然而”讲. 例如：1.Lily isn't here.Ask Lucy instead.
Lily不在这儿,去问Lucy吧.[注意]当instead在祈使句中时,只能位于句末.
2.she didn't answer me,instead,she asked me another question.
她没有回答我,反而问了我另外一个问题.
二.instead of是介宾短语,其意与instead相同,不同之处在于它后面常接宾语,起宾语多由名词、代词、介词、短语、动词+ ing 形式充当.
例如：1.We'll ask Li Mei instead of Mary.我们将去问李梅而不问玛丽.
2.I'll go instead of her.我会替她去.
三.instead 与instead of的转换.
例如:1.He didn't answer me,instead,he asked me another
question → He asked me another question instead of answering me.
2.I'll of instead of her.→She won't go.I'll go instead
1.I don’t like this one; please give me that____.
2.He stayed at home studying English ___ going to the cinema.
3.Tom passed by me ___ saying hello to me.
4.He went to school by bike ____ by car.
5.If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me _____.
27. many/ much / lots of / a lot ( of )
a lot后面什么也不接.
a lot of与lots of用法类似,一般不会考的.后面接可数名词复数/不可数名词.要注意的是:plenty of 后接不可数名词.前面一定不能加a.
many 接可数名词
much 接不可数名词
1.____ of the visitors are workers.
2.Has Jack ____ money?
3.During those three weeks, he ate ____ meat.
4.I did not understand why you had so _____ strange questions.
5.Although he is a boy, he reads _____.
28 above all / after all / first of all / at all
i n all 总计,总共
after all 毕竟；终究
above all 最重要的
at all 单独列出来,是没有这样用的.一般是：否定+ at all,表示根本,丝毫.如：She doesn't care at all.她根本不在乎.或者是not at all 根本不above all；after all；first of all；in all 用法辨析：
①above all意为“最重要的是；尤其是”,强调要引起特别注意.如：
We must work,and above all we must believe in ourselves.
我们必须工作,尤其重要的是我们必须树立信心.
②after all意为“毕竟；终究；到底”,表示让步.如：
He is certain to come.After all,he's already accepted the invitation.
他肯定来,他毕竟已接受了邀请.
③ first of all意为“首先”,强调次序.如：
First of all,let me introduce myself to you.首先,让我作个自我介绍.
④in all意为“总共；总计”.如：
There are thirty in all in the party who will travel to Lanzhou.赴兰州的旅游团总共有30人.
1.Never waste anything, but ___ never waste time.
2._____, let me introduce myself to you.
3.What are you doing here ___ at all?
4.He is still a child ____. Don’t blame him.
5.I don’t know him _____.
29. passed/ past
past 的过去式和过去分词都是原形past，past意思：n.过去, 往时 adj.过去的, 结束的prep.越过, 晚于
passed是pass的过去式和过去分词，pass有“”passed还可以单独做形容词，“已经通过
的, 已被传递的”。

pass，既可以作为动词使用又可以作为名词使用，作为动词，有及物与不及物之分，为“经过、通过”之意，作为名词是“穿过”的意思。

1.They hurried ____ the building.
2.Tom _____ by me without greeting just now.
3.The train for the small town leaves at ten __ eight.
4.Two weeks had ____ since Martin had seen him.
5.In the ____ I have had many jobs.
30. agree to / agree with / agree on
agree是一个使用范围很广的单词,意为“同意；赞同”.它有很多相关词组,现在把其主要用法归纳如下：
1.agree (to sth) 意为“同意；愿意；答应（某事物）”.如：Is he going to agree to our suggestion?他会同意我们的建议吗?
2.agree with sb意为“适合（某人的健康或胃口）”,尤用于否定句或疑问句中.如：The climate there doesn\'t agree with him.那里的气候对他不合适.
3.agree (with sb) (about / on sth)意为“同意；（与某人）意见一致”.如：We couldn\'t agree on a date/ when to meet.关于日期（什么时候见面）,我们没有能取得一致意见.
4.agree sth意为“在某事物上取得一致意见；商定”.如：Can we agree a price?我们能不能商定一个价格?
5.agree (with sth) 意为“与（某事物）相一致；相符合；相吻合”.如：Your thoughts didn\'t agree with mine.你的想法和我的想法不一致.
6.be agreed（on /about sth）意为“达成协议；意见一致”.如：We are all agreed on the best action.我们都同意这一最佳措施.
7.agree后面还可以接宾语从句,即be agreed that ...如：It was agreed that another meeting was necessary.大家都认为有必要再开一次会.
1.I ____ what he said.
2.All those who _____ the plan, raise your hands.
3.We _____ leaving there the next day.
4.Finally he _____ get someone to help me.
5.The food doesn’t _____ him.
31. build/ found/ set up/ put up
buid是建筑，或者建起抽象的东西（房屋，习惯等）set up 主要是建立组织found和establish 是建立层面较大的机构。

区别主要是这个。

found：v.[T]
build/ found/ put up/ set up
Ⅰ. build “建筑、建造”指施工建筑，如房屋、桥梁、道路等的建造，也可用于广义。

如：We are building socialism with China’s style. 我们正在建设具有中国特色的社会主义。

Ⅱ. found “创立、成立、创办”批创立一个组织、机构、国家等。

如：
①They founded(=built) a school for the blind. 他们创办了一亿盲人学校。

②The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于是1949年。

Ⅲ. put up 和set up人含义很多，但他们在表示“搭起、竖起、挂起”以及表建筑物“建起”
的意思时，可以通用。

只不过put up 比set up 要常见些。

如：
①The boys put up (set up) their tents in the woods. 孩子们在树林里搭起了帐篷。

②They have put up(set up) several cattle sheds for the team. 他们为队里建造了几个牛棚。

但set up 在表示“建起、成立”某一机构团体时，不能用put up 替换。

如：
The factory set up a night school last month. 这个工厂上月成立了一所夜校。

st year a cinema was _____ near our school.
2.The rich man _____ the hospital and a school in the town where he was born.
3.The nursery was _____ in our school.
4.The newspaper reporter _____ his camera under a tree.
5.They must ____ good relations with the masses.
32. as / like
先说as吧
as作介词:
1.以…的身份，作为：充当角色、身份或功能的(In the role, capacity, or function of)
例：acting as a mediator.充当调解人
2.以相似的方式；如同(In a manner similar to; the same as)
例：On this issue they thought as one.在这个问题上，他们意见一致
like做介词：
像（如同）……一样，如……般的
后面一般都接sb. 或者sth.或者是动名词(即doing sth)。

例：
It's not like you to take offense.你不象会发脾气的人
lived like royalty 过着帝王般的生活
felt like running away想要逃跑 (feel like：想要。

）
简而言之，区别就是，as是“作为”，也就是事实本来就是这样，like是“像”，事实并不是这样。

比如那人本来就是个调解人，所以用as；而那个人本来不是帝王，却过着帝王般的生活，那人本来是要发脾气的只不过人家觉得他不像会发脾气的，所以用like...
很早的时候，like是形容词，表示相象、相同、类似等意；as是连接词。

Samy and Sammy are very like. Samy和Sammy长得很像。

Paul behaved as a child（does）．保罗的举止像个小孩。

（句子有省略）
后来，like作为介词使用，表示像…一样；as也可以作为介词使用了。

Paul behaved like a child．保罗的举止像个小孩。

（句子没有省略）
再比较：
Let me speak to you as a father．让我以父亲的地位对你说说。

（=I am your father and I am speaking to you in that character）
Let me speak to you like a father．让我像你父亲那样对你说说。

（= I am not your father but I am speaking to you in the way your father might）
再后来，有些语法学家把以往like不允许作连词使用的规则也改了，用来代替引导方式状语从句的as。

I can't sing like I used to do．我不能像过去那样地唱了。

（指唱的音色）
He writes just like his brother did when he was young．他写字的手法和他兄弟年轻时写的差不离。

（指书法的风格和字型）
即使如此，like和as有时还是有些区别的。

试比较：
The prisoner was hanged like a murderer．这个囚徒像杀人犯那样被处以绞刑（=…as if he were a murderer）。

The prisoner was hanged as a murderer．这个犯人作为杀人犯被处以绞刑。

（这个犯人就是杀人犯）
as 和 like 在汉语中都译做"像",但字面下的隐含意思是不同的.
like侧重A B两者间的比较,并不意味着A和B属于一类或完全相似.
例如:He speak English like an Englishman.(=in a way an Englishman
speaks English.)
表示有些相象
as则侧重于同一性,意味着A B两者属于同一类或完全相似.
例如:He speaks English as an Englishman.(=as well as an English.)
表示讲得一样好
as与like是英语中常见的两个词,他们的语义和用法很多.在语义上者两个词都可以当"像......","正如......"讲,说明人与人、物与物、动作与动作、状态与状态之间的相似之处。

但其语法结构却是不一样的。

一、当“像”讲时，语法结构的不同之处是：
1、as作连接词。

她引导比较状语从句和方式状语从句，而且这两种从句通常为省略句。

例如：
1、She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be.
2、There is as much water in this cupas in that one.
2、like作介词。

例如：
3、My sister isn''t much like me.
4、The robot can''t work like man.
如果需要加强语气，再这两个词之前加上just之类的词即可。

例如：
5、All the plants and animals need air just as they need water.
6、Mary goes to school at seven every morning just like her brother.
含义不同之处是：
(1)like只是单纯表示比较，而且通常不是同类事物进行比较：
7、The ship looks like a high building.
8、The sky was like ink over my head.
(2)as可表示同类事物比较。

9、This ship is as long as that one.
二、当“正如....”意义讲时，语法结构的不同之处是：
(1)as作关系代词或关系副词、引导定于从句。

as 在这样的句子里指全句所谈到的内容，引出非限制性定于从句，在从句中一般做主语或宾语。

例如：
10、Metals have many good properties, as has been stated before.
11、As we said before, you have done a good job.
(2)like作介词。

12、She, like thousands of others, is fascinated by this work.
1.she is a fine girl, ____ her mother used to be.
2.It looks ____ a stone.。