自考0794综合英语（一）课程讲义全下册Lesson6

Lesson Six Another School Year -- What For?打印本页
一、Word List
disaster n. 不幸；灾难
career n. 职业，事业，生涯（不可数名词）
job 指具体的工作（可数名词）
damn v. 诅咒；骂
hip n. 臀部
pharmacist n. 药剂师；药商
pharmacy n. 药剂学；药学；制药
stuff n. 作品等的内容；题材；素材
as conj. （引出让步从句）尽管，即使
faculty n. 大学的系、科、院（的全体教员）
put v. 表达；表述
working day n. 工作日
usefully adv. 有用地
engineering n. 工程（学）
professional adj.具有专门知识的，专业的，职业的 /amateur 业余的
cyanide n. 氰化物
aspirin n. 阿斯匹林（一种镇痛解热药）
bull n. （未阉割的）公牛
client n. （律师的）当事人；（医生的）患者
incompetence n. 不胜任，不称职
involve v. 包含，需要，涉及
rear v. （美）养育（女子等）
sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的
raise v. （美）养育（孩子等）
expose v. 使接触，使……处于某种作用或影响之下
profound adj. 深刻的，深奥的
civilization n. 文明社会；文明
civilized adj. 文明的，开化的
intellectually adv. 与智力（或思维）有关地；理智地
intellect n. 智力，思维能力
head n. 头目，领导，首脑
contact n. 接触；联系
continuity n. 连续（状态），连续性
business n. 职责；工作；生意
philosophy n. 哲学
fine arts n. 美术（如绘画、雕刻等）
mechanized adj. 机械的；呆板的
savage n. 野蛮人；野人
push-button adj. 用按纽操纵的
unaided adj. 无助的
invent v. 创造，发明
essentially adv. 本质上，基本上
spiritual adj. 精神的，心灵的
resource n. 资源；财源
store v. 储存，储备
acquire v. 获得，学到，得到
fragment n. 部分，片断；碎片
necessarily adv. 必定，必然
literal adj. 实际的；字面的；直译的
limitation n. 局限（性）
humanity n. 人性；人类
developed adj. 成熟的
existence n. 存在
specialist n. 专家；专业人员
二、Text
1 Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 and I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at a university.
我来告诉你一件我的教师生涯中最早的一次令我啼笑皆非的经历。

那是我刚刚从研究生院毕业，开始了在一所大学的第一个学期的教学工作。

A tall boy came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say: "All right, damn you, teach me something."
一个高个子的男生来到我的课堂，坐了下来，两臂交叉往胸前一放，看了我一眼好像在说："好吧，哥们儿，教点什么吧。

"
Two weeks later we started Hamlet. 两个星期后我们开始上《哈姆雷特》
Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. "Look," he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff?" He pointed to the book which was lying on the desk.
三周后他叼儿郎当的来到我的办公室。

"您瞧"他指着在我的桌子上的书说，"，我到这来是想当一个药剂师，为什么我要学这些东西呢？"
2 New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this boy that he had enrolled, not in a technical training school, but in a university, and that in a university students enroll for both training and education.
faculty 一所大学里所有的教师
虽然我是一名新教师，我也完全可以告诉这名学生。

他现在上的是大学而不是技术培训学校，在大学里学生接受的是教育而不仅仅是培训。

I tried to put it this way. "For the rest of your life," I said, "your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours.
我试着这样的向他解释。

我说："在你剩下的日子平均每天大致24小时。

"
For eight of these hours, more or less, you will be asleep, and I suppose you need neither education nor training to get you through that third of your life.
在24小时中，大约有八个小时要睡觉，我想安然度过你生命中的这三分之一的时间，你既
不需要培训也不必受教育。

3 "Then for about eight hours of each working day you will, I hope, be usefully employed. Suppose you have gone through pharmacy school － or engineering, or law school, or whatever － during those eight hours you will be using your professional skills.
每个工作日的大约八个小时里，我希望你能从事有用的职业。

假设你读完了药学院，或是工学院、法学院或是别的什么学院，在工作的八个小时你就可以应用你的专业知识。

You will see to it during this third of your life that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn't jump the fence, or that your client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence.
在你生命的这三分之一的时间里，当药剂师你的责任就是不把氰化物弄到阿司匹林里去，当工程你就不能让工程失控，当律师就要做到你的当事人不因你不称职而上电椅。

These involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring you good basic satisfactions. Along with everything else, they will probably be what provides food for your table, supports your wife, and rears your children. They will be your income, and may it always be sufficient.
这些事情牵扯到每一个人都要重视的专业技能，可以让你具有满足感。

除了满足其他的需求之外，你所从事的这些职业将是你养家糊口的经济来源。

这些职业是你的收入的来源。

祝愿你的收入永远够用！
4 "But having finished the day's work, what do you do with those other eight hours － with the other third of your life? Let's say you go home to your family.
但是你完成了工作，那么还有另外八个小时时间，也就是说你生命中的另外三分之一的时间你怎么渡过？让我们假设你回到家和你的家人在一起。

What sort of family are you raising? Will the children ever be exposed to a profound idea at home? We all think of ourselves as citizens of a great civilization. Civilizations can exist, however, only as long as they remain intellectually alive.
be exposed to 接触、体验
To learn more about the world we live in, we should be exposed to different cultures.
为了更多地了解我们所居住的这个世界，我们应该接触不同的文化。

你要把你的子女培养成什么样的人？孩子们能够接触到高深思想吗？我们都认为是一个伟
大文明社会的成员。

文明社会只有保持其创造性，才能存在。

Will you be head of a family that maintains some basic contact with the great continuity of civilized intellect? Or is your family life going to be merely beer on ice?
将来你成为一家之主的时候，你的家庭是否对整个人类文明思想有起码的了解？或者你家庭生活的内容只有冰镇啤酒？
Will there be a book in the house? Will there be a painting? Will your family be able to speak English and to talk about an idea? Will the kids ever get to hear Bach?"
你的家里有没有书？有没有欣赏的画？你的家人能不能用英语表达自己的意思，能不能就一个有意义的话题发表意见？你的孩子能不能有机会听到巴赫的音乐？
5 That is about what I said, but this boy was not interested. "Look," he said, "you professors raise your kids your way; I'll take care of my own. Me, I'm out to make money."
我说的大致是这些，可是那个学生根本就不感兴趣。

"您瞧"他说"你们这些教授有你们教育孩子的办法，我也有我自己的一套。

至于我嘛，我要挣大钱。

"
6 "I hope you make a lot of it," I told him, "because you're going to be badly in
need of something to do when you're not signing checks."
"我愿你赚好多钱，" 我对他说"因为你不赚钱去买东西就难受。

"
7 Fourteen years later, I am still teaching, and I am here to tell you that the business of the college is not only to train you, but to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought. If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the fine arts, for that lesson of man's development we call history － then you have no business being in college. You are on your way to being the mechanized savage, the push-button savage.
词组：have no business doing 不应该做…无权做…/ on the way to doing 正要…快要…
You have no business telling me what to do. 用不着你告诉我应该做什么。

She is on the way to becoming a full professor.她就要成为一名正教授了。

14年过去了，我仍然在教说，今天我可以告诉你大学的任务不仅是对你进行培训，还要向你介绍人类最伟大人物的思想。

如果你不愿抽时间读莎士比亚的作品，学点最基础的哲学、学点艺术，学点我们称为历史的人类发展过程，那么你就不该上大学。

你就会成为一个使用机器的野蛮人，一个会按电钮的野蛮人。

8 No one becomes a human being unaided. There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human.
谁也不可能没有人帮助就成为一个人。

自己去创造成为文明人应有的一切知识，一辈子的时间也是不够用的。

9 Any of you who managed to stay awake through part of a high school course in physics knows more about physics than did many of the great scientists of the past.
你们今天的年轻人，只要在中学的物理课上没有完全睡觉，就比过去那些大科学家的物理知识强。

You know more because they left you what they knew. The first course in any science is essentially a history course. You have to begin learning what the past learned for you.
你之所以比他们知道的多是因为他们把他们的知识留给了你。

你学到的知识是前人学到并且留传给你的知识。

10 This is true of the techniques of mankind. It is also true of mankind's spiritual resources. Most of these resources, both technical and spiritual, are stored in books.
人类技术的发展是如此，人类精神财富的积累也是如此，技术、精神等资源会储存在书中。

When you have read a book, you have added to your human experience. Read Homer and your mind includes a piece of Homer's mind. Through books you can acquire at least fragments of the mind and experience of Virgil, Dante, Shakespeare － the list is endless.
当你对这些书，你会增加人生的经验。

读一读荷马的史诗，你的头脑就有了荷马的一些思想。

通过书，你至少能获得维吉尔、但丁、莎士比亚等无数从前人的一点点思想的火花。

For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life you have not time to live yourself, and it takes you into a world you have not the time to travel in literal time.
因为一部伟大的著作就是一份厚礼，他使你经历一生中你没有时间亲身经历的生活，它把你带到一个现实中你没有时间去游历的世界。

A civilized mind is one that contains many such lives and many such worlds. If you are too much in a hurry, or too proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to
your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle or Einstein, then you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a civilization.
一个文明人的头脑里包含许许多多这样的生活经历和这样的世界。

如果你急着去赚钱，或是对自己的无知甚为得意，从而把亚历士多德或爱因斯坦的思想这个提高你的品德修养的礼物拒之门外，那么你既不是一个发展到成熟阶段的人，也不是一个文明社会有用的成员。

11 I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include.
我认为，要是一所大学不能使你们学生不论作为专门人才还是普通人，去接触哪些你们的头脑应该有的哪些大师的思想，那么，这所大学没有真正的办学宗旨，也就没有存在的必要了。

Useful Expressions
go through 经历；经过
as a result of 由于
be exposed to 接触到，暴露于
think oneself as 自认为是
maintain contact with 与……保持联系
have no business doing… 无权或不应该做……
be (badly) in need of （特别）需要
succeed in doing 成功地做某事
be true of 适用于
get (sb.) through sth. 帮助某人度过……
How can we get through the winter without the heating system?
see (to it) that 务必
See that everyone is there at 8 o'clock.
do with 怎么处理；怎么（用于有what的疑问句）
What did you do with my pen?
三、语法与练习
（一）Verb Patten22
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（that从句）
I warned Dennis that the paint was wet.
He promised me that he would study harder this semester.
（二）Vocabulary Exercises
* un-（不；非）+ 名词/形容词/副词→名词/形容词/副词
unhappiness不幸福 unable不能胜任的
uneasy不安的 unbeatable不可战胜的
unfortunately不幸地 unexpectedly意外地
* un-（相反；对立；移走；免去）+ 动词形/名词→动词
unbalance失去平衡 unlock打开门锁
undress脱衣 unburden解除烦恼
unbutton解开钮扣
（三）Grammar 语法
1.并列连词
①并列连词用来把平行的词和词、短语和短语、分句和分句连接起来。

and but nor or then however yet
either… or…..和neither….nor….及not only…..but also…..要就近一致
It's a difficult job, however, we will keep on trying.
这是件难事，但我们还将不断尝试。

②在both…and, either… or…, neither….nor…,not only…but also… and…either, and neither中，以否定词开头的neither….nor…,not only…but also…,在连接两个从句时，否定词引出的从句主谓要倒装。

Either you or I am wrong.不是你错就是我错。

Not only did he come back, but also he brought back all his family. 他不仅回来了，还把他全家都搬回来了。

③either… or….. 和neither….nor…. 及not only…but also…要就近一致
Either the parents or the school determines the program.
家长和学校之间由一方确定计划方案。

Neither the parents nor the child knows it.
父母和孩子都不知道这件事。

Neither the teacher nor the students like the film.
老师和学生都不喜欢这部电影。

2.从属连词
从属连词的作用是引出从句并将其和主句连接起来。

常用：after, and（表示结果）, as, as soon as, before, since, （hardly）when, as long as, if, unless, though, although, because, so that, as,（no sooner…）than 等引出名词从句的有if, whether, that, how, when, where, who等
Ask him if (whether)he wants to come with us.
问问他想不想跟我们去。

I don't know how he manages to do it.
我不知道他是怎么做的。

What he said was true.
他说的话是真的。

Wuxi is where my parents want to settle down.
无锡是我父母想定居的地方。

第二学时
（一）回答课文问题
第3题. According to the author what is the basic difference between a technical training school and a university?
The basic difference between a technical training school and a university is （that students enroll for training in a technical training school and students enroll both for training and education in a university.）
第10题. How does the author look upon books? Have you ever heard of the names Homer, Virgil, Dante and Shakespeare? Why does the author think it is necessary to read these writers?
The reason why the author thinks it is necessary to read Homers, Virgil, Dante and
Shakespeare because （they are the great minds in human history and we will improve our mind and enrich our human experience by reading them.）
第12题. What is your understanding of college education after reading the text?
The author thinks college education （does not only mean training a person in skills but also exposing him/her to what the human race has achieved and what great minds have thought.）
Written Work
Translate the following passage into English.
1940年1月，我在一所大学教莎士比亚。

一天，一个学生来到我的办公室，他告诉我说他上大学是想当一名药剂师，他不明白为什么他得念莎士比亚。

我尽了最大的努力各他解释大学是干什么的。

我说大学不同于技术培训学校，大学要培养出的人，既是专门人才又是有教养的文明社会的成员。

换句话说，大学的任务既要帮助学生获得知识和专业技术，又要使他们接触以往伟大人物的思想。

一个人要是只想作一个会使用机器的野蛮人，他就不该上大学。

In January 1940, I taught Shakespeare in a university. One day, a student came to my office. He told me the he had come to college to become a pharmaceutist, and he didn't understand why he had to read Shakespeare. I tried my best to explain to him what a university is supposed to do. I said that a university was different from a technical train school. Its purpose is to produce not only specialist but also civilized citizens.
In other words, the business of a university is not only to help the students acquire knowledge and professional skills, but also to put them in touch with great minds in the past. If a man only wants to become a mechanized savage, he has no business being in university.
（二） Vocabulary Exercises
1. Form words according to the following rules of word formation.
un（不；非）+名词／形容词／副词→名词／形容词／副词
un-（相反；对立；移走；免去）+ 动词／名词→动词
pack 包裹→unpack 揭开wise 聪明的，智慧的→unwise 不聪明的reality 真实
→unreality 非真实fairly 公正的→unfairly 不公正happy 高兴mask 面具→unmask 打开，揭开consciously 有意识的→unconsciously 无意识的
2. Translate the following sentences into English.
1） Using words or phrases from the text.
（1）他们以前自以为是天下最好的父母。

They used to think of themselves as the best parents.
（2）你能不能换个方式说？孩子们不太明白你的意思。

Could you say （put） it in a different way? The children didn't quite understand you.
（3）骑自行车去那儿大约要用两小时。

It will take about 2 hours to reach/get there by bike.
（4）请务必使孩子们在9点之前上床睡觉。

Please see to it that the children go to bed before 9.
（5）你知道我们公司因为你不称职而付出了多少钱吗？
Do you know how much our company have paid for your incompetence ? $ 2 million.
（6）两国在危机（crisis）期间保持着密切的联系。

The two countries maintained close contact with each other through out the crisis.
（7）你打算怎么处置这些书？
What do you plan to deal with/do with these books?
（8）我们的解释只能使他更加生气。

Our explanation would only add to his anger.
（9）他在成功之前经历了许许多多的困难。

（10）经过几次尝试，那位年轻人终于成功地飞越了大西洋。

The young man succeeded in flying across the Atlantic, after he had tried several times.
2） Using Verb Pattern 22.
（1）她向我们保证她一定会来。

She promised to us that she would come.
3. Put suitable prepositions or adverbs in the blanks.
1） All （through） college, he remained the top student of his class.
2） Xiao Liu and Xiao Zhang, both fresh （out of） college, are talking （about）their experiences （as） teachers （in） the school.
3） Young （as） she is, she is a very capable leader.
4） I'm afraid I have no time （for） movies right now.
5） Are you still （in） touch （with） your middle school classmates?
6） I hear your university is （in） need of teachers （in） English.
7） He brought me a lot of books （along） with a tape recorder （on） Wednesday.
8） Though both husband and wife are unemployed, they're determined to get their son （through） college.
9） His stomach was upset as a result （of） overeating.
10） Children in that country are exposed （to） too much violence on TV.
4. Put the correct words from the list below in the blanks.
situation 情况give 给word 生词sure 确信lost 丢失make took not line 线
around 周围
Last summer I went to Mexico City to visit the art museum there. I was surprised at how well I managed to get （1）（around） even though I didn't speak a （2）（word）of Spanish. “You just have be able to （3）（make） the right decision in the right （4）（situation）.”
The manager of my hotel gave me a map of the city, and told me that the best way to get to the museum was by the subway. I didn't know where the nearest subway station was. But I was （5）（sure） I would find it if I kept walking a while. An hour passed, and I was still walking. I was completely （6）（lost）. Just then a policeman came over, and pointed to me the nearest station. When I got there, I looked at the subway map on the wall and didn't know which （7）（line） to take. In fact, I wasn't sure which station I was in. Most people would （8）（give） up in that situation, but （9）（not） me. After I thought it over I knew exactly what to do. I went upstairs and （10）（took）a taxi.
（三） Grammar Exercises
1. Put suitable conjunctions in the blanks.
1） A: Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
B: I'd love to, （but） I'm too busy.
2） Get to the top of the hill （and） you can see the whole city.
3） She was very tired, （but） she kept working.
4） You can't expect the horse to run fast （if） you don't let it graze.
5） The news arrived （when） they were weeding in the garden.
6）（Although） I understand what you say, I can't agree with you.
7） He prefers to walk （when） he might take a taxi.
8）（Hardly） had I opened the door （when） he hit me.
9）（While） our country has plenty of natural resources, theirs has far less than they need.
10） Sophia was （both） glad （and） sorry to see him.
2. Complete the following sentences with the correct choice.
1） Young （） he was, he was the best candidate for the job.
A. although
B. as
C. if
D. since
答案：B
2） A: I don't have any CDs at home.
B: （）.
A. Neither do I.
B. So do I.
C. Neither did I.
D. So did I.
答案：A
3） We'd better hurry （） it's getting dark.
A. and
B. but
C. unless
D. as
答案：D
4）（） I waved to him again and again did he see me.
A. Until
B. Till
C. Not until
D. When
答案：C
5） You can read here （） you keep quiet.
A. as long as
B. unless
C. but
D. when
答案：A
6）（） I said this, I felt sorry.
A. While
B. At the moment
C. The moment
D. The moment when
答案：C
7） It's years （） I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after
B. before
C. when
D. since
答案：D
8） It's （） possible （） necessary.
A. not only … but also
B. either … or
C. not … and
D. whether … or
答案：A
9） Even （） it's hard work, I enjoyed it very much.
A. if
B. though
C. although
D. when
答案：A/B
10） He borrowed the money （） he was able to finish his education.
A. unless
B. so
C. so that
D. and
答案：C
3. Translate the following sentences into English.
1）他和他妻子都来自英国。

Both he and his wife come from England.
2）他低下头，这样她就看不到他的眼睛。

3）在别人看书的时候不要吵闹。

4）我既不认识他也不想认识他。

I don't know him, nor do I want him.
5）路上堵车，要不然我一小时前就到了。

（四）补充练习
阅读理解
The Red Cross
The Red Cross is an international organization which cares for people who are in need of help. A man in a Paris hospital who needs blood, a woman in Mexico who was injured in an earthquake, and a family in India that lost their home in a storm may all be aided by the Red Cross.
The Red Cross exists in almost every country around the globe. The world Red Cross organizations are sometimes called the Red Crescent, the Red Mogen David, the Sun, and the Red Lion. All of these agencies share a common goal of trying to help people in need.
The idea of forming an organization to help the sick and wounded during a war started with Jean Henry Dunant. In 1859, he observed how people were suffering on a battlefield in Italy. He wanted to help all the wounded people regardless of which side they were fighting for. The most important result of his work was an international treaty called the Geneva Convention. It protects prisoners of war, the sick and the wounded, and other citizens during a war.
The American Red Cross was set up by Clara Barton in 1881. Today the Red Cross in the United States provides a number of services for the public, such as helping people in need, teaching first aid and providing blood.
1. Which of the following could best replace the title for this selection?
A. People in Need of Help
B. Safety and Protection
C. The International Red Cross
D. Forming an Organization to help People
答案：C
2. The word “aided” in the first paragraph means （）.
A. needed
B. helped
C. caught
D. protected
答案：B
3. The author really tries to make the reader see that this organization （）.
A. costs very little money
B. works in many nations
C. teaches first aid if necessary
D. is called the Sun
答案：B
4. We may draw a conclusion that （） during a war
A. the Red Cross only protects the wounded
B. the Red Cross only helps prisoners of war
C. the Red Cross only helps citizens
D. the Red Cross helps all the people in need no matter which side they are fighting for
答案：D
5. The person who started the idea of this organization was （）.
A. Cross
B. Dunant
C. Barton
D. Mogen David
答案：B
（五）作业
1.熟练掌握单词和常用短语，熟读课文两遍以上。

2.预习下册Lesson 7。