初中英语过去时态语法及不规则动词精讲

过去时态
一、过去式：
1、表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句。

如：yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,
上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。

如：I worked in that factory last year. 去年我
在那一家工厂工作。

I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。

2、过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。

二．过去时态结构基本形式：
1、主语+动词过去式+其他；
2、否定形式：①was/were+not;
②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词；一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。

三、时间标志：yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上个月）, last year（去年）,
in those days （在那些日子里），two months ago（两个月前），the day before yesterday
（前天），in 1990 (在1990年), 等表示过去的时间状语。

如：I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。

属于be动词的一般过去时态
When did you go to the park? （你是什么时候去的公园）。

属于实义动词go的一般过去时态。

I went to the park last week. （我是上周去的公园）属于实义动词go的一般过去时态。

四、Be 动词的一般过去时态：在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was;
are的过去式为were.
构成：肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我迟到了。

）否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语如：We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)
疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语如： Were you ill yesterday? （你昨天病了吗？）
肯定回答： Yes, I was. (是的，我病了。

)
否定回答： No, I wasn't. (不，我没病。

)
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语如：When were you born? （你是什么时候出生的？）
五、规则动词的过去式变化如下：
1、一般情况下，动词词尾加 ed ，如：worked、played、wanted、acted
2、以不发音的 e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 d，如：lived、moved、decided、declined、hoped、
judged、raised、wiped
3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把y变为i 再加ed，如：studied、tried、copied、justified、cried、
carried、embodied、emptied
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，加 ed，
如：stopped、begged、fretted、dragged、dropped、planned、dotted、dripped
六、规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：
1、在清辅音后读作[t]。

如：asked、helped、watched、stopped
2、在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。

如：enjoyed、studied、moved、called
3、在t / d后读作[id]。

如：wanted、needed
初中英语常用不规则动词分类表
动词原形过去式过去分词翻译
A---A---A型cost cost cost 花费cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打let let let 让put put put 放下read read read 读hurt hurt hurt 伤
A---A---B型beat beat beaten 打
A---B---A型
come came come 来become became become 变run ran run 跑
A ---
B ---B型动词原形后加辅音
字母
“d”或“t”
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见动词原形最后一个
辅音字母“d”改为
“t”
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费其它
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想
sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
feel felt felt 觉得
fight fought fought 战斗
find found ffound 发现
get got got 得到
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，
have had had 有
hold held held 盛，leave left left 离开 make made made 制造meet met met 遇见sell sold s sold 卖shoot shot shot 射击tell told told 告诉smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻sit sat sat 坐dig dug dug 挖
A---B---C
型在动词原形后加“n”
或“en”构成过去分
词
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛，扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
fly flew fflown 飞
draw drew fflown 拉，绘
show showed shown 展示过去式加“n”或“en”
构成
过去分词
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记变单词在重读音节
中的元音字母“i”
分别为“a”（过去式）
和“u”（过去分词）
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮
其他不规则
动词的变化
be(am, is) was/ were been 是
be(are) were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿。