2022届新教材高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第二册Unit1ScienceandScientists学

选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists
主题语境：人与社会(科学与科学家)
【话题词汇】
1.potential adj. 潜在的
2.innovation n. 创新；改革
3.universe n. 宇宙
4.wonder n. 奇迹
5.digital adj. 数字的；数码的
6.artificial adj. 人工的
7.intelligence n. 智能
8.advanced adj. 先进的
9.automatic adj. 自动的
10.convenient adj. 便利的，方便的
11.diligent adj. 勤奋的
12.considerate adj. 考虑周到的
13.strong­willed adj. 意志坚强的
【话题短语】
1.in the field of 在……领域
2.have made rapid progress in 在某方面取得很大的进步
3.find a cure for 找到一个……的治疗方法
4.receive the Nobel Prize 获得诺贝尔奖
5.face the challenge 面对挑战
6.devote oneself to 致力于
7.scientific research 科学研究
8.set out a new scientific idea 开创科学新观点
9.find a problem 发现问题
10.find supporting evidence 找到支持的证据
【话题佳句】
1.It is science and technology that make our life more convenient.
是科技使我们的生活更加方便。

2.So strong minded was he that he could keep up until he succeeded.
他意志很坚强，他会继续做下去直到成功。

3.In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
在过去的几十年里，医疗技术的进步使人们有可能比过去活得更长。

【话题练习】
1.However, educated by his mother, he took an interest in reading.然而，由于母亲的教育，他对读书产生了浓厚的兴趣。

2.He fell in love with science and devoted himself to it.
他迷上了科学并且致力于它。

Ⅰ.重点单词
1．________________ adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的
2．________________ adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的
3．________________ v. 倾倒
4．________________ adj. 数量多的；多种多样的
5．________________ vt.&vi. 怀疑；不信任n. 犯罪嫌疑人
6．________________ n. 概念；观念
7．________________ adj. 生的；未经处理的
8．________________ n. 影子；阴影
9．________________ n. 思想；思维
10．________________ adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的
11．________________ n．&adj. 混凝土；确实的，具体的
12．________________ adj. 优秀的；杰出的
13．________________ adj. 大量的；价值巨大的
14．________________ adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的
15．________________ vt.&n. 责怪；指责
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．________ vt. 使感染，传染→________ n. 感染；传染→________ adj.传染的
2．________ adj.相互矛盾的→________ v. 与……矛盾
3．________ n．&vt.&vi.减少；降低→(反)________ n. 增加，提高
4．________ vt. 保卫；防守→________ n. 防御，防守
5．________ vt.& vi. 改变；转变→________ n. 改变；转变
6．________ v. 帮助→________ n. 助理；助手→________ n．帮助，援助
7．________ n．礼物；天赋v.赋予→________ adj. 有天赋的，有才华的
8．________ vi. 认购(股份)，定期订购→________ n．订阅，订购
9．________ adj. 最初的，开始的→________ adv.最初，首先
10．________ adj. 干净的；纯的→________ n. 纯洁，纯粹→________ v. 净化；使纯净
联想拓展
dis­否认前缀高频词集锦
①dislike vt. 不喜欢
②disagree vi. 不同意
③disappear vi. 消失
④disappoint vt. 使失望
⑤discourage vt. 使气馁
⑥discover vt. 发现
⑦disobey vt. 违反
⑧distrust vt. 不信任
en­前缀和­en后缀改变词性
①rich→v. enrich 使富裕
②able→v. enable 使能够
③large→v. enlarge 使扩大
④sure→v.ensure 确保；担保
⑤strength→v.strengthen 加强；巩固
⑥short→v.shorten 缩短；使变短
Ⅲ.核心短语
1．________________ 最终地；彻底地2．________________ 幸亏；由于
3．________________ 最重要的是；尤其是4．________________ 追溯到
5．________________ 突然开始；爆发6．________________ 主管；掌握
7．________________ 劝阻某人不要做某事8．________________ 理论框架
9．________________ 熟悉
10．________________ 指出
联想拓展
与“性格〞有关的形容词小结
①stubborn 固执的
②easy­going 随和的
③outgoing 外向的
④gentle 温和的
⑤optimistic 乐观的
⑥outspoken 坦率的
“埋头于；专心于〞的多种表达
①be lost in
②be buried in
③be occupied in
④be absorbed in
⑤be devoted to
⑥apply oneself to
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．比拟级与否认词连用，表示最高级
To a person, ________________ their life.
对于一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵了。

2．“特殊疑问词＋不定式〞结构
The teacher taught the students ____________________ .教师教学生们如何做试验。

3．so...that...引导结果状语从句
She is ________________________ we all like her.
她是一个如此可爱的女孩，我们都喜欢她。

高频考点探究
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．blamed vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于；n.过失；责备
【典型例句】
Instead of blaming each other，we should municate more and put ourselves in others' place.
我们应该多交流、换位思考而不是相互责怪。

(1)blame sb. for sth. 因某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上
be to blame 应受责备；应负责任
(2)bear/take the blame for... 对……负责
lay/put the blame for sth. on sb.
把某事归咎于某人身上
【练透考点】单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school puter network，Alice was in low spirits.
②In my view，Li Hua，who broke the school rule，was ________ (blame)．
③Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame ________ the alarm clock.
④她经常抱怨在工作上没有感觉到受重视。

She often ________________________________________ at work.
【佳句背诵】
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
我拒绝承受因别人的错误而对我进展的指责。

2．transform vi.&vt. 改变，转变；使改变
【教材原句】
Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
另外，斯诺利用他对地图和数据的使用，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。

(教材P3)
(1)transform...into... 把……变成……
transform sb./sth. from... 把某人/物从……中转变
(2)transformation n. 改变，变革
【练透考点】单句语法填空
①Every moment of every day，energy is ______________ (transform) from one form into another.
②The past ten years has witnessed a plete ________________ (transform) of my hometown.
③In only 20 years the country ________________ (transform) into an advanced industrial power.
【佳句背诵】
Your generous help and tender care transformed my first American trip into an unforgettable memory.
你们的慷慨帮助和关怀使我的第一次美国之行成为一个难以忘怀的记忆。

3．suspect vt.&vi.怀疑，不信任；n.犯罪嫌疑人
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. (教材P2)
斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。

常用“vt.＋sb.＋of sth.〞的短语
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
cure sb. of sth.
给某人治愈某病；改正(某人的不良行为)
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某事
【练透考点】单句语法填空
①The police suspected him ________ carrying drugs so they went through his bag, but found nothing.
②The photos remind me ________ the old days which we spent together.
③________ (suspect) there was something very unusual about the murder，the policeman returned to the scene to search for more evidence.
【佳句背诵】
Some parents hesitate to take these steps because they suspect that their child is exaggerating.
一些家长迟迟不肯采取这些措施，因为他们怀疑自己的孩子在夸大其词。

4．assist vt.帮助；协助；援助
A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
了解沉默的治愈价值的护士有助于照顾来自自己文化或其他文化的病人。

(1)assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助某人某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n. 帮助；协助
e to one's assistance 援助某人
be of assistance to sb. 有助于某人
with the assistance/help of 在……的帮助下
【练透考点】单句语法填空
①When in trouble，his friends always e to his ________ (assist)．
②Mary was chosen as an ________ (assist) to help Mr. Brown finish his research.
③Tom is an ________ teacher in the college. He often ________ the students with their problems and gives assistance to any student in need. (assist)
【佳句背诵】
To assist the students to learn Chinese better，our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
为了帮助学生学好汉语，我们学校决定给你们中文班捐赠一批图书。

5．link n. 联系，纽带；vt. 把……连接起来，相关联系
【教材原句】
Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water panies in London.(教材P 3)
后来，斯诺发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。

(1)把A 与B 连接/联系起来
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
link A to/with B link A and B (together )
(2)be linked with/to 与……有联系/有关
(3)link up (with) (与……)结合，连接
(4)There is a link between...and...
……和……之间有联系
“把A 与B 连接/联系起来〞的其他表达法：
be related to
be involved in
be associated with
have something to do with
be connected with
join...to...
connect...with/to...
【练透考点】单句语法填空
①There is convincing evidence that skin cancer ________ (link) to exposure to the sun.
②________ (link) arms with one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.
③Whether pollution is directly linked ________ the disease is under debate.
【佳句背诵】
There is no denying that lung cancer is linked to smoking.
毫无疑问，肺癌和抽烟有关。

Ⅱ.核心短语
6．once and for all最终地；彻底地
【教材原句】
However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. (教材P2)然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。

all at once 突然；同时
at once 立刻，马上
once and again 一而再，再三
【练透考点】单句语法填空
①We have to resolve this matter once ________ for all.
②All ________ once there was someone knocking on the door.
③He was punished once ________ again for telling lies.
7．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
【教材原句】
However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. (教材P7)
然而，在1932年“淞沪会战〞爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。

break in 强行进入；打断
break through 突破；冲破
break up 破碎；解散；分手
break off 断开；中断；停顿
break away from 逃脱；脱离
break into 强行闯入；突然开始
break down 出故障；垮掉
【练透考点】用break的短语填空
①He ________________ my house and stole my money.
②The meeting ________________ at eleven o'clock.
③He decided to break ________________ from home after graduation.
【佳句背诵】
If you go on working like that，you will break down sooner or later.
如果你继续像那样工作的话，你迟早会累垮的。

8．in charge of主管；掌管
He received a hero's wele from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. (教材P8)
他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责开展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。

take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……
free of charge 免费地
in sb.'s charge＝in the charge of sb.
由……主管(含被动意义)
【练透考点】用charge的短语完成句子
①公司管理很差，直到她掌管为止。

The pany was badly organized until she ________________________.
②演员们都愿意免费出演。

The performers have all offered their services ________________________.
③当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。

The pany ________________________ when the boss is away.＝Tom is ________________________ when the boss is away.
Ⅲ.典型句式精析
9．I have never spent a more worrying day.
我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。

If you are free, nothing will be better if you can e to China to attend a traditional wedding.
如果你有空的话， 要是你能来中国参加一场传统婚礼那就最好了。

【句式分析】
比拟级与否认词连用， 表示最高级。

表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：
never ＋比拟级
nothing/no ＋so ＋原级＋as...
nothing/no ＋比拟级＋than..
比拟级＋than ＋⎩⎪⎨⎪
⎧ any ＋单数名词any other ＋单数名词all (the )other ＋复数名词
anyone else ，any of the other ＋复数名词the rest of ＋复数名词或不可数名词
【练透考点】完成句子
①在我看来， 在生活中健康是最重要的。

In my opinion, ________________________ health in life.
②汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。

Tom is more intelligent ________________________ in his class.
③再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。

________________________ my life.
10．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。

【典型例句】
It was so funny a joke that we couldn't help bursting into laughter.
这个玩笑是如此得好笑以至于我们情不自禁地放声大笑。

【句式分析】
(1)so ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫＋adj .或adv .
＋adj .＋a (n )＋单数可数名词＋many/few ＋复数可数名词＋much/little (少的)＋不可数名词＋that... (2)such ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫a (n )＋adj .＋单数可数名词adj .＋不可数名词adj .＋复数名词＋that... 在“so...that...〞和“such...that...〞结构中，当“so/such...〞置于句首时，其所在的句子要用局部倒装。

【练透考点】完成句子
①这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。

________________ a film ________________ a second time.
②她工作这么努力，我们都很敬佩她。

________________________________________________________________________
③他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。

So clearly ________________________ he can always make himself ________.
【佳句背诵】
Keeping a learning diary every day is so important that I would like to introduce it to you.
每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。

Ⅰ.高考能力同步化——单句语法填空/单词拼写
1．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Linking arms ________ one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.
2．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] Regardless of the risk of getting ________ (infect), Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.
3．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ] Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely ________ (recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
4．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid ________ (describe) of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
5．Then, _________ (处理) the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of achievement.
6．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] For ________ (assist), please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
7．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]After that I ________ (pour) oil into a pan and turned off the stove.
8．[2018·某某卷]But the information I got was rich and varied, or even ________. (相互矛盾)
9．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] In Samarkand, Mr. Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when ________ (suspect) of drug dealing.
10．[2020·某某卷] The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ________.(transform)
Ⅱ.必备知识试题化——选词填空
suspect；blame；subscribe；decrease；link；handle；pour；transform；outstanding；defend
1．I ________ to a morning paper.
2．We all ________ the truth of the report.
3．My brother broke the window，but I got the ________ .
4．Do you know how to ________ the machine?
5．Is there a ________ between lung disease and smoking?
6．The unemployment rate of the country ________ last year.
7．A new colour scheme will ________ your bedroom.
8．Andy ________ the glass full and lifted it to Bobby.
9．The accused man had a lawyer to ________ him.
10．Her late husband was an ________ scientist.
Ⅲ.教材语篇高考化——语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Cholera used to be one of the most feared 1.________ (disease) in the world. When young，John Snow became 2.________ (frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. He desired 3.________ (destroy) cholera once and for all. He thought
cholera was caused by an 4.________ (infect) from germs in food or water. Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，Snow began to investigate by 5.________ (mark) on a map the exact places where all those 6.________ died had lived. At last，John Snow found that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Through Snow's tireless efforts，the threat of cholera around the world saw 7.________ substantial decrease. However，cholera is still a problem. Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks 8.________ the work of John Snow. Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow 9.________ (transform) the way scientists study diseases. For this reason，Snow 10.________ (consider) the father of modern epidemiology.
假设你是校英文报主编，最近校报拟开设“我身边的英雄〞栏目。

请根据如下提示写一如此征稿启事(电子：Englishcolumn 163)：
1．开设目的；
2．稿件要求；
3．投稿方式和截止日期。

注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Contributions Wanted
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Step 1斟酌打磨丰富句式
1．精挑细选——核心词汇想周全
①________________ 开设新的栏目
②________________ 英雄事迹
③________________ 鼓励学生向英雄学习
④________________ 截止日期之前提交
⑤________________ 期待你精彩的故事
2．遣词造句——句式升级是亮点
句式翻译：
①为了鼓励学生向英雄学习，我们将要开设新的栏目—我身边的英雄
To stimulate the students to learn from heroes, we're to launch a new column The Hero Around Me.(非谓语)
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②你的作品应该准确真实并少于300词。

Your article should be accurate and real and should be less than 300 words. (主语从句)
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Step 2逻辑衔接连句成文
Contributions Wanted
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists
根底回顾
Ⅰ.重点单词
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．infect infection infectious 2.contradictory contradict 3.decrease increase 4.defend defence 5.transform transformation 6.assist assistant assistance 7.gift gifted 8.subscribe subscription 9.initial initially10.pure purity purify
Ⅲ.核心短语
1．once and for all 2.thanks to 3.above all 4.trace back to
5．break out 6.in charge of 7.discourage sb. from doing sth.
8．theoretical framework 9.be familiar with 10.point out
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．nothing is more precious than
2．how to do the experiment
3．so lovely a girl that
课堂讲解
1．①Blamed ②to blame ③on ④plains about not feeling appreciated
2．①being transformed ②transformation ③has been transformed
3．①of ②of ③Suspecting
4．①assistance ②assistant ③assistant assists
5．①is linked ②Linking ③to
6．①and ②at ③and
7．①broke into ②broke up ③away
8．①took charge of it ②free of charge ③is in the charge of Tom in charge of the pany
9．①nothing is more important than ②than any other student/all the other students ③No other book has had a greater effect on
10．①It is so good that I'd like to see it ②She works so hard that we all respect her. ③does he speak English that understood
随堂练习
Ⅰ.高考能力同步化——单句语法填空/单词拼写
Ⅱ.必备知识试题化——选词填空
Ⅲ.教材语篇高考化——语法填空
1．diseases 2.frustrated 3.to destroy 4.infection 5.marking
6．who 7.a 8.to 9.transformed 10.is consider
话题与高考写作
Step 1 斟酌打磨丰富句式
1．①launch a new column ②heroic deeds ③stimulate the students to learn from heroes ④submit your article before the deadline ⑤anticipate your fantastic story
2．①Aimed at stimulating the students to learn from heroes, we're to launch a new column The Hero Around Me.
②What you write should be accurate and real. Besides, your contributions are expected to be within 300 words.
Step 2 逻辑衔接连句成文
参考X文：
Contributions Wanted
Aimed at stimulating the students to learn from heroes, we're to launch a new column The Hero Around Me.
Everyone is wele to write articles about a hero around you, including the hero's name, his/her great spirit and heroic deeds that touch you. What you write should be accurate and real. Besides, your contributions are expected to be within 300 words.
Please send your contributions to our editorial department or email them to Englishcolumn163 before April 28.。