2020-2021学年济南市商河县第一中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及答案

2020-2021学年济南市商河县第一中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题
及答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Each year, theLas Vegasconsumer electronics show, or CES, presents the latest developments in many areas of technology. The newest products are designed to make our lives easier, fun and more productive.
A car with legs
One of this year’s presentations was by South Korean carmaker Hyun-dai. The company introduced a small model of a “ walking car,” which is called Elevate. It has four movable legs that can raise the main part of the vehicle high off the ground. The electric-powered vehicle is designed to be used in search-and-rescue operations during emergencies or natural disasters.
Changeable people mover
Germany's Mercedes presented an experimental self-driving vehicle that it claims can revolutionize transportation for people and goods. The company says the vehicle, called Vision Urbanetic, will be able lo easily change bodies depending on its desired use. Mercedes says as a ride-sharing vehicle , the futuristic-looking car can seat 12 people.
Fully electric Harley
American manufacturer Harley-Davidson showed off its first fully electric motorcycle, called LiveWire. The company says the bike will be able to go 177 kilometers between charges. It can reach 96 kilometers per hour in under3.5 seconds. Although Harley is known for building powerful bikes with huge, loud motors, the LiveWire will be unusually quiet.
Personal robots
One of the new robots, called Temi, is really just a computer tablet on wheels. It is designed to be a personal electronic assistant. It moves around the home and performs commands when spoken to. It can link users to friends through voice or video, connect to video or place orders for food or goods.
1. Which do you probably use to search for the injured in an earthquake?
A. Elevate.
B. Vision Urbanetic.
C. LiveWire.
D. Temi.
2. What is the first fully electric motorcycle produced by Harley-Davidson?
A. Elevate
B. Hyun-dai
C. LiveWire .
D. Temi .
3. Why are the four products designed?
A. To ease traffic jam.
B. To help us socialize.
C. To improve our life.
D. To protect the environment.
B
Hidden beneath the surface in the roots of Earths astonishing and diverse plant life, there exists a biological superhighway linking together the members of the plant kingdom in what researchers call the "wood wide web".
The network is comprised of thin threads of fungus (真菌) that grow outwards underground up to a few meters from its partnering plant, meaning that all of the plant life within a region likely connected to one another. The partnership is beneficial for both parties involved, plants provide carbohydrates (碳水化合物) to the funguses and in exchange, the funguses aid in gathering water and providing nutrients to its partnering plant.
A study conducted by Rensen Zeng of theSouthChinaAgriculturalUniversityfound that this also allowed for plants to warn one another of potential harm. The study showed Broad Beans used the fungal network to spy on one another for upcoming danger.
Like our Internet, this fungal connectivity is also full of crime. Some plants, such as Golden Marigolds have been found to release poisons into the network to slow down the growth of surrounding plants in the fight for water and light. Other plants, such as the Phantom Orchid, do not have the chlorophyll (叶绿素) and must get the necessary nutrients from surrounding plants.
Research suggests that animals such as insects and worms may be able to detect slight exchanges of nutrients through the network, allowing them to more easily find delicious roots to feed on; however, this has not been conclusively made clear in experimentation. The more we learn about this phenomenon, the more our understanding of the plant life of our planet will continue to change. Perhaps one day, we may be able to map out these complex networks entirely.
4. What is the function of the first paragraph?
A.To explain the aim of the web.
B. To introduce the main topic.
C. To give definition of diverse life.
D. To show the importance of plants.
5. The criminal behavior of plants can be seen as a way to________.
A. compete for survival
B. gather more water
C. take in sunlight
D. break natural rules
6. What does the last paragraph suggest?
A. Animals can also feed on the fungus.
B. Nutrient exchanges are too slight to detect.
C. No experiment can prove the phenomenon.
D. More needs to be done to work out the network.
7. Which can be the best title for the text?
A. The Partnership between Plants
B. The Unknown Roots of the Earth
C. The Superhighway Linking the Plants
D. The Mysterious Map Changing the World
C
Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.
Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as ‘black boxes’, although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.
Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl's approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.
The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at very point, to be master of the preceding exposition.
8. Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of ______.
A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light
B. very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers
C. too much mathematical detail in the theory
D. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters
9. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to ______.
A. the students who are major in mathematical geometry
B. those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systems
C. the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs
D. those who are interested in physics
10. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is ______.
A. indirect ways of learning mathematics
B. a fundamental power within the theory
C. the conceptual elegance of the theory
D. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems
11. This passage is probably excerpted from ______.
A. a review of a book
B. a chemistry textbook
C. an optician's essay
D. a general science text
D
Some of the oldest art in human history is being damaged, scientists say. And climate change may be speeding up its loss. Newresearch reports that ancient rock art in Indonesian caves is degrading over time, as bits of rock slowly break off from the walls. It's a huge loss for human history.
Salt crystals（结晶）building up on the walls are a key part of the problem, the study suggests. These salt crystals go into the cave walls, changing sizes as temperatures rise and fall. This process causes the rock to slowly break down.
Salt crystals may become larger when exposed to repeated changes between wet conditions and periods of drought. These kinds of changes are expected to become more obvious as the climate continues to warm.
In particular, the researchers say, climate change may cause more intense El Nino（厄尔尼诺）events in the future. These events can strengthen the kinds of conditions that help salt crystals form Scientists are still debating the exact influence of climate change on El Nino, a natural climate cycle that drives changing patterns of warming and cooling in thePacific Ocean.
The new study, led by Jillian Huntley, examined 11 ancient cave art sites in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The researchers found evidence of salt formation at all 11 sites. It's merely a small part There are more than 300 known eave art sites around the region. The researchers note that salt crystals may indeed be part of the problem, adding that climate change is a growing threat, one that deserves more attention.
12. What is the main cause of the rocks breaking off from the wall?
A. Weather patterns.
B. Salt crystals.
C. Wet conditions.
D. Drought Periods.
13. Which of the following may researchers agree with?
A. El Nino events prevent salt crystals forming.
B. Climate change makes little difference to El Nino.
C.Salt crystals may become much larger in wet conditions.
D. Constant warm weather may cause salt crystals to change size.
14. Which word best describes Huntley's attitude to climate change?
A. Worried.
B. Curious.
C. Doubtful.
D. Positive.
15. What can we learn from thelast paragraph?
A. The formation and patterns of salt crystals.
B. The impact of climate change on ancient rock arts.
C. The historical value of ancient rock art in cave sites.
D. The threats of human activities to ancient eave art sites.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
Go on the Safest Trip
While travelling, there are many safety measures that all travellers should take, even if they’re heading out a nearby mountain for a camping trip, renting a seaside Airbnb, or choosing any other destination. Advice is highly needed on everything from what to pack to how to protect yourself.____16____
Don’t take the unfamiliar road. While part of the joy of exploring nature is seeing new and beautiful views, if your road trip includes a hike, stay on the marked path. Never give in to your curiosity to hike off-trail and in unfamiliar or unmarked areas. “____17____” Warned by Dr. Velimir Petkov.
Pack clothing. In the morning, when you set out on your adventure, your temperature will likely be comfortable. As the sun reaches its highest point, you’ll start to sweat inside your car.____18____That’s why experts recommend packing everything you need to stay comfortable, including clothing for different temperatures.
Make sure you get enough sleep. While many people have difficulty sleeping, plenty rest is necessary before a long car ride. “Do not drive while you are feeling sleepy.____19____” Petkov recommended. He also noted that even if you get the benefits of seven to eight hours of sleep, a little coffee can never hurt.
Protect your skin. You may not consider the sun while sitting in the car. The sunlight can go right through window glass and cause you to burn.____20____Bahar Schmidt, founder of Eluxit Travel Agency, recommends making more efforts to protect your skin with sunscreen and drugs against insects.
A. You could get lost, injured or both.
B. It is a wise choice to wear strong shoes.
C. You would never enjoy the views without the tips.
D. If you feel like a rest, pull over and take a short break.
E. And at night, certain areas experience a sharp drop in degrees.
F. And mosquitoes are also drawn when you’re outdoors at night.
G. We spoke with travel experts for safety guide to getting on the road.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项James Cook and his wife Samantha Jones started their beekeeping work eight years ago and have gained much experience. They are___21___at solving the problems their bees face. The year 2020 was their year togo into business___22___after working several___23___for other beekeepers, when they were in California's huge farms.
In the spring, the farms were full of white flowers that___24___into nuts. The crop was possible because of the many beekeepers who___25___with their hives (蜂巢) to pollinate (授粉) the nation's crops.
Then the coronavirus (冠状病毒) health crisis hit. Cook and Jones became___26___. “Do we stay? Do we go?” they asked each other. By that time, they had taken their___27___from California's San Joaquin Valley to another temporary home. Their plan was to let the bees___28___the agricultural work and their contact with farm chemicals. So, they decided to___29___the coronavirus restrictions in California. There, they set out to create their___30___, Bird and the Bees Honey.
This summer, Cook and Jones and their small crew worked day and night to build a honey ___31___. They were___32___tired and in debt because they took___33___to get the business up and running. But they were also___34___. Unlike other agricultural crops, honey can be___35___for a long time. That is a good thing for Cook and Jones, because coronavirus restrictions have left them with___36___places to sell their products.
Cook, who is 35, said, “Starting a business in these___37___times is hard but it___38___to do it. The experience will make us___39___. I think beekeeping sort of taught me —you kind of need to look for the___40___ and the beauty that you can find, ” he says.
21. A. sad B. expert C. amazed D. confused
22. A. on a large scale B. for fun C. on their own D. as usual
23. A. years B. days C. months D. minutes
24. A. turn B. break C. get D. put
25. A. admitted B. declined C. refused D. travelled
26. A. occupied B. impressed C. concerned D. inspired
27. A. hives B. flowers C. questions D. decisions
28. A. get into B. recover from C. suffer from D. bring about
29. A. get rid of B. lay down C. put off D. wait out
30. A. fame B. brand C. solution D. life
31. A. factory B. honor C. family D. food
32. A. rarely B. extremely C. merely D. gradually
33. A. notes B. medicines C. loans D. breaks
34. A. hopeful B. stressed C. regretful D. vengeful
35. A. harvested B. made C. picked D. stored
36. A. dangerous B. safer C. better D. fewer
37. A. unique B. difficult C. magical D. unforgettable
38. A. appreciates B. aims C. pays D. practises
39. A. healthier B. happier C. tougher D. poorer
40. A. comfort B. honey C. money D. optimism
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Stephen Hawking, who is the most famous physicist, was born inBritainon January 8th, 1942. As a child, he was enthusiastic about___41.___(design) complicated toys but____42.____(fortune), in his twenties, he suffered____43.____a disease that was impossible to be cured,_____44._____was a great challenge for him. However, not only was he positive about the misfortunes ____45.____eventually he defeated all the obstacles but also he was___46.___(bury) in his research in the universe. In 1988, his best-sellerA Brief History of Timewas published,___47.___which he put forward the idea___48.___time itself has a beginning, and that it will have___49.___end. In conclusion, he has made outstanding____50.____(contribute) to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分
I still remember the lesson my mom teaches me last term. It was a important exam after I came to senior high school and I met a question. So I put my left hand into the pockets and took out the mobile phone to find the answer. Suddenly I found the teacher stood beside on me. I was caught cheating. Late my mom was asking to come to school. Heard what I did, my mom got very angrily but said nothing. That night I thought my mom would shout at me, she just told me she believed that I wouldn't cheat in the future. Yes, she have never cheated since then.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.目前很多青少年有不良饮食习惯，对此你校英语俱乐部决定开展一次题为“ We Are What We Eat”的征
文比赛。

请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.健康饮食的重要性；
2.你的建议（至少两条）。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：nutrition营养
We Are What We Eat
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. A
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A
12. B 13. D 14. A 15. B
16. G 17. A 18. E 19. D 20. F
21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A 32.
B 33.
C 34. A 35.
D 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. D
41. designing
42. unfortunately
43. from 44. which
45. and 46. buried
47. in 48. that
49. an 50. contributions
51.(1). teaches→ taught
(2). a→ an
(3). pockets→ pocket
(4). 去掉on
(5). Late→ Later
(6). asking→ asked
(7).Heard→ Hearing
(8). angrily→ angry
(9). she前加but/yet
(10). she→ I 52.略。