电子商务之供应商管理
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Agenda
1. The Evolution of the Supply Chain 2. Advanced Planning and Scheduling Systems
2.1
2.2
How They Work
The Vendors
The Supply Chain encompasses a number of key business processes involved in managing the flow of materials, information, and funds from the initial suppliers to the Supplying Producing Distributing Delivering Retailing ultimate consumer.
Inventory Mgmt.
• Stage 2: Suites of integrated applications for functional processes (1980s)
Financials Manufacturing Distribution
• Stage 3: Enterprise-wide applications (early to mid 1990s and still ongoing)
While we tend to draw all supply chains the same, there are many types of supply chains - each with their own unique challenges.
Asset Intensive Supply Chain Material Intensive Supply Chain
Major Supply Chain Improvements are Underway or Planned
% Survey Respondents
Within 1999 Within 2 Years 10% Within 3-5 years 2% Already done 6% No Plans 10%
E.g., Consumer Products
How Do You Know If You Have Supply Chain Management Problems?
Customer Service Concerns - Customer complaints, loss of share, delivery problems, customer surprises Materials Management Difficulties - High inventory buffers/obsolescence, high transportation costs, supplier shortages, lost purchasing discounts Manufacturing Process Problems - Production inefficiencies, overcapacity, undercapacity, cost growth Planning Difficulties - Inaccurate forecasts, high stockouts, growing overhead costs Obsolete Technology - Incompatible systems linkages, inaccurate/inaccessible information Revenue Cycle Concerns - Lengthy time to market, long order cycle, distribution delays, conflicting channel demands Vendor Management Problems - Poor response levels, lost growth, lack of commitment
Supplying Producing Distributing Delivering Retailing
Breaking down these walls and integrating the supply chain is critical. However, to date, most supply chain initiatives have been inwardly focused. Only recently, manufacturers are beginning to embrace the total supply chain as a means to achieving competitive Phase 1 - Process Integration (e.g., reengineering the order-to-cash advantage. process).
The Importance of Supply Chain Management Has Increased Significantly Over the Past Few Years. Supply Chain Management is
% Survey Respondents Rating Supply Chain Critical to Success
• Capable-to-promise requirements • Excess inventory • Obsolescence • Changes to orders • Engineering change
E.g., High-Tech
• Large number of SKUs • Complex distribution/ transportation requirements • Excessive inventory • Customer service
Demand Planning
Production Planning & Scheduling
ERP or Legacy Syslanning
Transportation Planning/ Management
APS Definition
ERP or legacy interfaced decision support technology which uses advanced algorithms, (e.g., LPs, IPs, mixed – IPs, heuristics, theory-of-constraints, etc.) to model supply chain constraints and enable intelligent supply chain planning/decision making.
Supplying Producing Distributing Delivering Retailing
… And, given that supply chains cross multiple companies, walls have been built that prevent full and timely information flow.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Today’s ERP systems are transaction-based applications with limited decision-support capability.
Advanced Planning and Scheduling Systems (APS) Are the Next Step of the Evolution for Providing Decision Support Capabilities.
Phase 2 - Intra-Enterprise Integration (e.g., sales strategies coordinated with supply chain capabilities). Phase 3 - Inter-Enterprise Integration (e.g., collaborative forecasting & replenishment between retailers and suppliers)
Increasingly Important
70%
91%
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
25%
Past (1995-1998)
Present (1999)
Future (2000+)
The Response: Approximately 60% of Manufacturers Currently Have a Major Supply Chain Initiative Underway.
However, in the real world, multiple suppliers, multiple plants, multiple distribution points and multiple customers significantly complicate material and information flows...
Materials Information & Funds Materials Information & Funds Materials Information & Funds
… the concept of supply chain management
is relatively simple.
• Stage 1: Separate best of breed applications dedicated to specific business processes (1970s)
G/L Payroll A/P Purchase Order Mgmt. Order Entry
Supply Chain Technology has evolved over the past several decades.
Distribution Intensive Supply Chain
• Setup/sequence dependencies • Capable to promise • Capacity utilization • Bottleneck utilization
E.g., Pulp & Paper
APS Characteristics
Allows complex supply chain representation and rapid SC model reconfiguration Enables concurrent, dynamic planning, and “what-if” simulations using memory resident processing Possess scaleable object architectures capable of running large data-intensive models
13%
Currently Underway 59%
However, 42% are “less than satisfied” with the outcome of their previous improvement efforts.
As the Pace of Business Continues to Increase, a Key Challenge for Today’s Supply Chain Managers Is to Make Good Business Decisions, Using All the Information That Is Available, Within a Short Time Period.
1. The Evolution of the Supply Chain 2. Advanced Planning and Scheduling Systems
2.1
2.2
How They Work
The Vendors
The Supply Chain encompasses a number of key business processes involved in managing the flow of materials, information, and funds from the initial suppliers to the Supplying Producing Distributing Delivering Retailing ultimate consumer.
Inventory Mgmt.
• Stage 2: Suites of integrated applications for functional processes (1980s)
Financials Manufacturing Distribution
• Stage 3: Enterprise-wide applications (early to mid 1990s and still ongoing)
While we tend to draw all supply chains the same, there are many types of supply chains - each with their own unique challenges.
Asset Intensive Supply Chain Material Intensive Supply Chain
Major Supply Chain Improvements are Underway or Planned
% Survey Respondents
Within 1999 Within 2 Years 10% Within 3-5 years 2% Already done 6% No Plans 10%
E.g., Consumer Products
How Do You Know If You Have Supply Chain Management Problems?
Customer Service Concerns - Customer complaints, loss of share, delivery problems, customer surprises Materials Management Difficulties - High inventory buffers/obsolescence, high transportation costs, supplier shortages, lost purchasing discounts Manufacturing Process Problems - Production inefficiencies, overcapacity, undercapacity, cost growth Planning Difficulties - Inaccurate forecasts, high stockouts, growing overhead costs Obsolete Technology - Incompatible systems linkages, inaccurate/inaccessible information Revenue Cycle Concerns - Lengthy time to market, long order cycle, distribution delays, conflicting channel demands Vendor Management Problems - Poor response levels, lost growth, lack of commitment
Supplying Producing Distributing Delivering Retailing
Breaking down these walls and integrating the supply chain is critical. However, to date, most supply chain initiatives have been inwardly focused. Only recently, manufacturers are beginning to embrace the total supply chain as a means to achieving competitive Phase 1 - Process Integration (e.g., reengineering the order-to-cash advantage. process).
The Importance of Supply Chain Management Has Increased Significantly Over the Past Few Years. Supply Chain Management is
% Survey Respondents Rating Supply Chain Critical to Success
• Capable-to-promise requirements • Excess inventory • Obsolescence • Changes to orders • Engineering change
E.g., High-Tech
• Large number of SKUs • Complex distribution/ transportation requirements • Excessive inventory • Customer service
Demand Planning
Production Planning & Scheduling
ERP or Legacy Syslanning
Transportation Planning/ Management
APS Definition
ERP or legacy interfaced decision support technology which uses advanced algorithms, (e.g., LPs, IPs, mixed – IPs, heuristics, theory-of-constraints, etc.) to model supply chain constraints and enable intelligent supply chain planning/decision making.
Supplying Producing Distributing Delivering Retailing
… And, given that supply chains cross multiple companies, walls have been built that prevent full and timely information flow.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Today’s ERP systems are transaction-based applications with limited decision-support capability.
Advanced Planning and Scheduling Systems (APS) Are the Next Step of the Evolution for Providing Decision Support Capabilities.
Phase 2 - Intra-Enterprise Integration (e.g., sales strategies coordinated with supply chain capabilities). Phase 3 - Inter-Enterprise Integration (e.g., collaborative forecasting & replenishment between retailers and suppliers)
Increasingly Important
70%
91%
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
25%
Past (1995-1998)
Present (1999)
Future (2000+)
The Response: Approximately 60% of Manufacturers Currently Have a Major Supply Chain Initiative Underway.
However, in the real world, multiple suppliers, multiple plants, multiple distribution points and multiple customers significantly complicate material and information flows...
Materials Information & Funds Materials Information & Funds Materials Information & Funds
… the concept of supply chain management
is relatively simple.
• Stage 1: Separate best of breed applications dedicated to specific business processes (1970s)
G/L Payroll A/P Purchase Order Mgmt. Order Entry
Supply Chain Technology has evolved over the past several decades.
Distribution Intensive Supply Chain
• Setup/sequence dependencies • Capable to promise • Capacity utilization • Bottleneck utilization
E.g., Pulp & Paper
APS Characteristics
Allows complex supply chain representation and rapid SC model reconfiguration Enables concurrent, dynamic planning, and “what-if” simulations using memory resident processing Possess scaleable object architectures capable of running large data-intensive models
13%
Currently Underway 59%
However, 42% are “less than satisfied” with the outcome of their previous improvement efforts.
As the Pace of Business Continues to Increase, a Key Challenge for Today’s Supply Chain Managers Is to Make Good Business Decisions, Using All the Information That Is Available, Within a Short Time Period.