艺考冲冠英语答案

艺考冲冠英语答案
1、One limitation of the naming theory is that it seems applicable to n______ only. [填空题] *
空1答案：ouns
答案解析：命名论仅适用于名词，而像think、hard和slowly这样的动词、形容词和副词就绝对不是物体的标记。

2、The contextualist view of meaning holds that meaning should be studied in terms of the s______ context and linguistic context. [填空题] *
空1答案：ituational
答案解析：意义的语境论基于这样一个假设：人们可以从可观察的语境中推出意义，或者将意义还原至可观察的语境。

已被人们承认的语境有两种：场景语境和语言语境。

3、S______ can be simply defined as the study of meaning. [填空题] *
空1答案：emantics
答案解析：语义学可以简单地定义为对意义的研究。

4、S______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. [填空题] *空1答案：ense
答案解析：涵义是指语言形式的内在意义。

5、R______ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world. [填空题] *
空1答案：eference
答案解析：指称意指语言形式在现实的物质世界中所指的事物。

6、Words that are close in meaning are called s______. [填空题] *
空1答案：ynonyms
答案解析：同义关系是指意义的相同或极为相近。

意义相近的词称为同义词。

7、Synonyms that are different in style are called s______ synonyms. [填空题] *
空1答案：tylistic
答案解析：文体同义词——文体上存在差异的同义词。

8、The two words collaborator and accomplice are synonyms that differ in their emotive or e______ meaning. [填空题] *
空1答案：valuative
答案解析：情感意义或评价意义有所不同的同义词,有着相同的意义却表达了使用者的不同情感的词语，这些词暗示使用者对他所谈论的事情的态度或倾向。

9、P______ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings. [填空题] *
空1答案：olysemy
答案解析：同一个词也可能有多个意义，这就是我们所称的多义关系，这样的词就称为多义词。

10、When two words are identical in both sound and spelling, they are c______ homonyms. [填空题] *
空1答案：omplete
答案解析：当两个词发音和拼写都相同时，它们就是完全同音同形异义词。

11、Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items. The word that is more general in meaning is called the s______. [填空题] *
空1答案：uperordinate
答案解析：上下义关系是指一个更广义、更具有包容性的词与一个更具体的词之间的意义关系。

意义更广泛的词叫上坐标词.
12、The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic f______. [填空题] *
空1答案：eatures
答案解析：一个单词的意义可以分析为被称作语义特征的意义成分。

用加减号来表示某一语义特征在一个词义中是存在还是省缺，这些特征符号通常用大写字母来表示。

13、G______ opposites may be seen in terms of degrees of quality involved. [填空题] *空1答案：radable
答案解析：等级对立涉及质量级别。

14、 Terms like “apple”,“banana” and “pear” are h______ of the term “fruit” . [填空题] *
空1答案：yponyms
答案解析：上下义关系是指意义内包关系或者说一种类和成员间的关系。

15、When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are called h______. [填空题] *
空1答案：omophones
答案解析：当两个词读音一样时，它们是同音异义词。

16、Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items are called r______ opposites. [填空题] *
空1答案：elational
答案解析：显示两个词项之间关系颠倒的成对词被称为关系反义词。

17、The term a______ is used for oppositeness of meaning. [填空题] *
空1答案：ntonymy
答案解析：反义关系一词用来指意义上的对立。

18、A pair of c______ antonyms is characterized by the feature that the denial of one member of the pair implies the assertion of the other. [填空题] *
空1答案：omplementary
答案解析：一对互补相反词具有否定该对中的一个词就意味着对另一个的肯定的特征，不能用very修饰，这是区分互补反义词与级差反义词的重要标准。

19、Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents: a______ and predicate. [填空题] *
空1答案：rgument
答案解析：一个述谓结构由变元和谓词构成。

20、Then whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called
s______ restrictions. [填空题] *
空1答案：electional
21、（）deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience. [单选题] *
A. Reference(正确答案)
B. Concept
C. Semantics
D. Sense
答案解析：指称的含义。

22、（） examines how meaning is encoded in a language. [单选题] *
A. Semantics(正确答案)
B. Syntax
C. Pragmatics
D. Morphology
答案解析：语义学可以简单地定义为对意义的研究。

23、That there is no direct link between language and the real world is the view of（）concerning the study of meaning. [单选题] *
A. naming
B. conceptualist(正确答案)
C. contextualist
D. behaviourist
答案解析：概念论认为，在语言学形式和它的所指之间并不存在直接的联系(即在语言和真实世界之间并没有直接联系)；而是在意义的诠释中它们通过大脑思维中的概念为媒介相连。

24、The well-known formula: S → r … s → R was put forward by （）. [单选题] *
A. Bloomfield(正确答案)
B. Firth
C. Hockett
D. Harris
答案解析：布龙菲尔德提出了学习中的“刺激一反应”的强化理论。

P65
25、The contextualist view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from （）. [单选题] *
A. function
B. context(正确答案)
C. instinct
D. observation
答案解析：语境论认为意义应当从场景、运用、语境这些与语言行为紧密相联的成分的角度来进行研究。

26、The relationship between 'meat' and 'meet' is （）. [单选题] *
A. synonymy
B. antonymy
C. polysemy
D. homonymy(正确答案)
答案解析：homonymy同音异义是指某些词的意义不同，但是具有相同形式的现象，即不同的词在发音或拼写上一样，或发音和拼写都一样。

'meat' and 'meet'发音相同但意义不同，属于同音异义。

27、A word with several meanings is called a(n) （） word. [单选题] *
A. polysemous(正确答案)
B. synonymous
C. abnormal
D. multiple
答案解析：同一个词也可能有多个意义，这就是我们所称的多义关系，这样的词就称为多义词。

28、'Buy' and 'sell' form a pair of （）. [单选题] *
A. relational antonyms(正确答案)
B. gradable antonyms
C. complementary antonyms
D. marked antonyms
答案解析：'Buy' and 'sell'两个词项是关系颠倒的成对词，被称为关系反义词。

29、The words 'amaze' and 'astound' are very close in meaning, they are（）synonyms. [单选题] *
A. dialectal
B. stylistic
C. semantically different(正确答案)
D. collocational
答案解析：Semantically different synonyms. E. g. amaze and astound.同义关系是指意义的相同或极为相近。

意义相近的词称为同义词。

30、The relation between 'food' and 'bread' is called （）. [单选题] *
A. synonymy
B. polysemy
C. homonomy
D. hyponomy(正确答案)
答案解析：上下义关系是指一个更广义、更具有包容性的词与一个更具体的词之间的意义关系。

31、'Sense' and 'reference' are two terms often encountered in the study of （）. [单选题] *
A. word function
B. word meaning(正确答案)
C. word structure
D. word system
32、The semantic components of the word 'man' can be expressed as （）. [单选题] *
A. [+ANIMATE, +HUMAN, +MALE, -ADULT]
B. [+ANIMATE, +HUMAN, +MALE, +ADULT](正确答案)
C. [+ANIMATE, +HUMAN, -MALE, -ADULT]
D. +ANIMATE, +HUMAN, -MALE, +ADULT
33、What does componential analysis focus on?（） [单选题] *
A. relationships between sentence that are related in meaning
B. relationships between words that are related in meaning(正确答案)
C. how words are understood in context
D. how sentences are understood in context
答案解析：成分分析是分析词汇意义的一种方法
34、The naming theory is advanced by（）. [单选题] *
A. Plato(正确答案)
B. Bloomfield
C. Geoffrey Leech
D. Firth
答案解析：命名论是由古希腊学者柏拉图提出的。

35、“We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents（）. [单选题] *
A. the conceptualist view
B. contexutalism(正确答案)
C. the naming theory
D. behaviourism
答案解析：“We shall know a word by the company it keeps.”是语境论的代表人物是弗斯(J.R Firth)的观点,语境论者认为语言的意义离不开使用语言的语境语义不是抽象的,它存在于语境之中,它来自语境，取决于语境。

“我们应从单词的上下文去理解单词”符合语境论的观点。

36、"Can I borrow your bike?”（）"You have a bike." [单选题] *
A. is synonymous with
B. is inconsistent with
C. entails
D. Presupposes(正确答案)
答案解析：X预设Y。

( Y是X的先决条件)。

如果Can I borrow your bike? ，那么You have a bike.必定为真。

(如果X为真，那么Y必定为真。

如果X为假，那么Y仍然为真。

)
37、（）is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components，called semantic features. [单选题] *
A. Predication analysis
B. Componential analysis(正确答案)
C. Phonemic analysis
D. Grammatical analysis
答案解析：成分分析是由结构语义学家提出的分析词义的方法。

这个理论是基于这样一个信念：一个词的意义能被分解成被称为语义特征的意义成分。

38、"alive" and "dead" are（） [单选题] *
A. gradable antonyms
B. relational opposites
C. complementary antonyms(正确答案)
D. None of the above
答案解析：一对互补相反词具有否定该对中的一个词就意味着对另一个的肯定的特征，不能用very修饰，这是区分互补反义词与级差反义词的重要标准。

alive and dead are a pair of complementary antonyms.
39、（）refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. . [单选题] *
A. Polysemy
B. Synonymy
C. Homonymy(正确答案)
D. Hyponymy
答案解析：同音异义是指某些词的意义不同，但是具有相同形式的现象，即不同的词在发音或拼写上一样，或发音和拼写都一样。

40、Words that are close in meaning are called（） [单选题] *
A. homonyms
B. polysemy
C. hyponyms
D. synonyms(正确答案)
答案解析：同义关系是指意义的相同或极为相近。

意义相近的词称为同义词。

41、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself，for example,within British English or American English. [判断题] *
对
错(正确答案)
答案解析：课本P67 。

42、Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience，while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. [判断题] *
对
错(正确答案)
答案解析：Reference deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
43、Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations. [判断题] *
对(正确答案)
错
44、Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct. [判断题] *
对(正确答案)
错
答案解析：语义三角。

45、Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts. [判断题] *
错
46、Behaviorists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer. [判断题] *
对(正确答案)
错
答案解析：行为主义者试图将语言形式的意义定义为“言者发出该形式的场景和它在听者身上所起的反应”
47、The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components. [判断题] *
对
错(正确答案)
答案解析：The meaning of a sentence is the product of both lexical and grammatical meaning. It is the product of the meaning of the constituent words and of the grammatical constructions that relate one word syntagmatically to another.
48、Most languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of formality. [判断题] *
对(正确答案)
错
49、“Tulip”,“rose” and “violet” are all included in the notion of “flower” . Therefore they are superordinates of “flower” [判断题] *
对
答案解析：这些都是“flower”的下义词。

50、"it is hot." is a no-place predication because it contains no argument. [判断题] *
对(正确答案)
错
51、In grammatical analysis，the sentence is taken to be the basic unit，but in semantic analysis of a sentence，the basic unit is predication，which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. [判断题] *
对(正确答案)
错
52.Explain the notion：Semantic triangle [填空题] *
_________________________________
答案解析：It is suggested by Odgen and Richards, which says that the meaning of a word is not directly linked between a linguistic form and the object in the real world, but through the mediation of concept of the mind.
53.Explain the notion：Reference [填空题] *
_________________________________
答案解析：Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world；it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.。