四种句子:疑问句—反意疑问句知识点总结

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反意疑问句
一. 定义
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句(tag question),附在陈述句后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,由“be、助动词或情态动词+主语(与陈述句的主语相同)”构成,答语用yes或no。

二. 类型
1. 一般情况: 前肯后否,前否后肯
陈述句部分谓语动词是实义动词,就用借助助动词do/does/did;
陈述句部分谓语动词有be动词,疑问句就用be动词;
陈述句部分有时态里的have,疑问句就用have;
陈述句部分谓语动词有情态动词,疑问句就用情态动词。

She looks quiet enough,doesn't she?
她看上去足够平静,不是吗?
-You haven’t been to Beijing,have you?
你去过北京吗?
-No,I haven’t.How I wish to go there!
没,还没有。

我多么想去啊!
Susan's found her pass,hasn't she?
苏珊找到她的护照了,是吗?
注意:前否定后肯定反意疑问句的答语
在回答否定主句的反意疑问句时,否定回答要用“No+否定短句”;肯定回答要用“Yes+肯定短句”,二者不可混用。

这种省略回答的yes
要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。

-She hasn’t got up,has she?她还没有起床,是吗?
-Yes,she has.不,她已经起来了。

No,she hasn’t.是的,她还没起来。

2. 陈述句主语: 指示代词
当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that,these,those时,附加疑问句中的主语不再用指示代词,而要用it或they代替。

That isn’t your desk, is it?
那不是你的桌子,是吗?
These are interesting stories, aren't they?
这些故事很有趣,是吗?
3. 陈述句主语:“I'm...”结构时,疑问部分一般用aren't I。

I'm late for class, aren't I?
我迟到了,是吗?
I'm doing well, aren't I?
我干得很好,不是吗?
4. 陈述句主语:everybody, everyone, somebody, nobody, none等合成代词时,附加疑问部分的主语多用they,但也可用he。

Everyone came here, didn't they?
都来了,是吗?
Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?
我不在时,没人给我打电话,是吗?
5. 陈述句主语:everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it。

Everything is ready, isn't it?
都准备好了,是吗?
Nothing was said, was it?
什么也没说,对吗?
Nothing can stop us, can it?
没有什么能阻止我们,是吗?
6. 陈述句主语:不定代词one,疑问部分的主语在正式的场合用one,在非正式场合用you。

One can’t be too careful, can one(you)?
怎么细心都不为过,你说呢?
One should learn from others, shouldn’t one(you)?
人要想别人学习,是吗?
7. 陈述句主语:there be+主语+其它, 疑问部分要用“be(not)+there”结构。

There is a book on the desk,isn't there?
桌子上有本书,是吗?
There used to be a lot of coal mines in the south,didn't there?
过去在南部有大量煤矿,不是吗?
8. 陈述句谓语:有have,有两种情况:
①have作“有”时,可有两种形式。

He has a new book, hasn’t/doesn't he?
他又一本新书,是吗?
He has a lot of money, hasn’t/doesn’t he?
他有很多钱,是吗?
②have表示其它意思时,只用do的相应形式。

He seldom has lunch at school,does he?
他在学校很少吃午饭是吗?
His wife had the front door painted green yesterday,didn't she?
他妻子昨天请人把房子刷成了绿色的,是吧?
9. 陈述句谓语:有ought to,疑问部分的谓语动词用ought(oughtn’t)代替。

Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?
这种事是不允许的,是不是?
He ought to be punished, oughtn't he?
他应当受到惩罚,是吗?
但在非正式文体中,用ought we not形式。

We ought to go, ought we not?
或We ought to go, should we not/shouldn't we?
10. 陈述句谓语:有used to时,有两种形式。

He used to live in Beijing, use(d)n’t he/didn't he?
他在北京住过,是吗?
There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n't there/didn't
there?
战前这里曾有座电影院,是吗?
11. 陈述句谓语:有must,常用的有三种情况:
①must:“必须”、“禁止”,疑问部分用must(mustn't)。

I must answer the letter, mustn't I?
我必须回信,是吗?
You mustn’t on grass, must you?
你不能呆在草地上,知道吗?
must:“有必要”时,疑问部分用needn't。

You must go home right now, needn't you?
现在你有必要回家了,不是吗?
②must用来对现在的情况进行“推测”时,疑问部分的谓语要根据must之后的动词情况采用相应的形式。

You must be tired, aren't you?
你一定是累了,是吗?
She must be bad at physics, isn't she?
她物理一定不好,不是吗?
You must know it, do you?
你肯定知道,是吗?
③must用来对过去的情况进行“推测”(must+have+过去分词):
若强调对过去情况的推测(有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用“didnt+主语”;
若强调动作的完成(没有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用“haven't(hasn't)+主语”。

He must have been working here for 20 years, hasn't he?
他一定在这工作了20年,是吗?
You must have seen him yesterday, didn't you?
昨天你一定看见他了,不是吗?
12. 陈述句谓语:有have to/has to/had to时,疑问部分一般用do的相应形式。

We have to get up at four tomorrow,don't we?
我们明天得四点起床,是吗?
They had to leave early,didn't they?
他们早走是不得已,是不是?
13. 陈述句谓语:有had better,疑问部分用hadn't或shouldn't。

You’d better go with me, hadn’t you/shouldn't you?
你最好和我一起走,好吗?
He’d better leave, hadn’t he?
他最好离开,是吗?
14. 陈述句谓语:带否定前缀或后缀,如:-im,-un,-dis...,疑问部分仍用否定结构。

They disliked playing football, didn't they?
他不喜欢踢球,是吗?
He is unsuccessfu l, isn't he?
他没成功,是吗?
15. 陈述句谓语:是wish,疑问部分的谓语动词用may而且前后两个部分均用肯定式。

I wish to go home now, may I?
我想回家,行吗?
I wish to go with you, may I?
我想和你一起去,行吗?
16. 陈述句:有seldom, hardly, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。

She never tells a lie, does she?
她从不撒谎是吧?
She hardly ever speaks to you in English,does she?
她几乎没和你用英语说话,是吗?
Few people know her,do they?
几乎没有人认识她,是吗?
She seldom goes to work late,does she?
她很少上班迟到,是吗?
17. 陈述句:有neither…nor,not only…but also等连接主语时,疑问部分主语应用复数。

Neither you nor I can do it, can we?
你和我都不会,是吗?
Neither she nor you can answer, can you?
你俩都不会回答是吗?
18. 陈述句:是并列句,疑问部分常对后一个句子进行反问。

He is a teacher and he has taught English for 20 years, hasn’t he?
他是一位老师,教英语20年了,是吗?
Tom has been doing the experiment all afternoon, but he should have finished it by now, shouldn't he?
汤姆一下午在做实验,但他现在应该完成了,不是吗?
19. 陈述句:宾语从句,一般“看主不看从”。

I(don’t)think,believe,suppose,figure,imagine,reckon,expect,seem等+宾语从句结构出外
He says that I did it,didn't he?
他说我做的这件事,不是吗?
Mary thinks you will come to the meeting,doesn’t she?
玛丽人为你不来参加会议是吗?(主语不是第一人称I)
20. 陈述句:宾语从句,特殊:I don’t think(suppose/believe)+that从句,“看从不看主”。

I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer,will they?
我认为没人会自愿去做,是吗?
I don't think you've heard of him before,have you?
我想你从前没听说过他,是吗?
注意:主句的主语不是第一人称时I是不存在这种情况。

You don’t think he can finish the work,do you?
21. 陈述句:主语从句,疑问句的主语用it。

What he lacks is confidence, isn’t it?
他所缺乏的是信心,是吗?
Where you are seated is not important, is it?
坐在哪里并不重要是吗?
22. 陈述句:主语是I,当疑问部分用来征求对方的意见时,其主语常用you,这时附加疑问部分实际上等于另外一个句子,相当于:what/how about you?/what do you think?。

I find English very interesting, don’t you?(=What about you?)
我认为英语很有趣,你怎么想?
I don’t think John will come today, do you?(=What do you think?)
我认为约翰今天不来了,你说呢?
23. 祈使句:疑问句一般只用肯定式
①Let’s引导的祈使句,其反意疑问句一般用“shall we?”。

Let's discuss it now, shall we?
让我们现在讨论它,好吗?
It's a fine day.Let’s go fishing, shall we?
多好的天。

我们去钓鱼吧?
②由let us/him/them引导的反意疑问句表示“请求”(不包括听话人)时,一般用“will you”。

Let us go home, will you?
让我们回家好吗?
Let him go with you, will you?
让他跟你去,好吗?
③let me开头的反意疑问句可用will you,也可用may I。

Let me do it for you, may I?
我替你做,行吗?
Let me have a rest, will you?
我歇一会,好吗?
④祈使句的反意疑问句一般只用肯定式;如果祈使句为肯定式,疑问部分有时可用否定式。

肯定形式在语气上更委婉客气。

Pass me the book, will you/won't you?
递给我那本书好吗?
Be sure to write to us, will you?
一定给我写信,好吗?
⑤如果祈使句为否定式,疑问部分只能用肯定式。

Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?
请不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?
Don’t speak aloud any more, will you?
别在大声喧哗了好吗?
24. 感叹句:疑问句一律用否定式,并用be的一般现在时。

What a lovely day, isn't it?
多好的天气啊!
How cool the weather is, isn't it?
天怎么这么冷!
What a stupid fellow, isn’t he?多傻的小子啊!。

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