考点05 代词-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 (原卷版)
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专题05 代词
命题趋势:
代词是代替名词的词。
按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用可分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。
其中,反身代词、物主代词、不定代词和疑问代词是中考的高频考点。
比如名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的区别,疑问代词含义区分,不定代词的正确选用,都是考查的重点。
对于不同类型代词的相关知识的学习,既要全面又要有重点。
中考考查重点:
一、人称代词;二、物主代词;
三、反身代词;四、指示代词;
五、不定代词;六、相互代词;七、疑问代词。
考向一:人称代词
1. 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。
它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。
The cat is small. It(此处代指第三人称单数The dog)is Mary’ s.
2. 分类:人称代词主格和人称代词宾格
3. 用法
(1)通常主格作主语(在句首,动词前)。
► He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
(2)宾格作宾语(在动词或介词后)或作表语(在be动词后)。
► Can you understand me? 你能理解我吗?(作宾语)
►—Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?
—It’s me. 是我。
(作表语)
(3)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。
► Sam is much taller than I/me. 山姆比我高得多。
(4)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它代表主语时也是如此。
►—I like travelling. 我喜欢旅游。
—Me too. 我也喜欢。
(5)人称代词并列时的排列顺序。
①人称代词单数并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称,即you, he/she/it and I(若是承担错误责任,第一人称应当先)。
► It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰使她生气了。
②复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称→第二人称→第三人称,即we, you and they。
【2020•天津市】I bought a present for ________. I hope you like ________.
A.your; this B.yours; that C.you; it D.you; one
考向二:物主代词
1. 定义:物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,用来说明某物属于某人或与某人有关。
2. 分类:
3. 用法
(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能放在名词前作定语,后面一定要跟一个名词。
my book,your name,their hobbies
①放在被拥有的物体名词前,指明事物的归属者。
►My book is on the desk. 我的书在桌子上。
②放在被拥有的事物名词前,表示事物与某人有某种联系。
►He is my younger brother. 他是我的弟弟。
③用于描述说话人对自己所做的事情或某人对某人自己所做的事情。
►She is brushing her teeth. 她正在刷牙。
④放在表示动作的名词之前,指明动作的施行者。
► not long after our arrival 在我们到达后不久
⑤放在表示动作的名词之前,指明动作的承受者。
► Jim and his supporters 吉姆和他的支持者们
⑥用于头衔
► Your Majesty(陛下)
► Would Your Highness like a cup of tea? 阁下想要一杯茶吗?
【注意】
a. 形容词性物主代词的选择应根据事物的所有者的"人称"(第一、二、三人称)和"数"(单、复数)来确定。
b. 形容词性物主代词通常修饰有生命的事物,如"the door"或"the door of the room"比"its door"更常见。
c. 表示某物属于某人或某物,或者与某人某物有关可以用名词所有格或"of +介词短语"表示。
(2)名词性物主代词相当于名词,后面不能加名词,可单独使用,可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。
相当于"形容词性物主代词+名词"。
①用于说明某事物与刚提及的事物类别相同,但属于其他人。
Sarah’ s house is much bigger than ours. 萨拉的房子比我们的房子要大很多。
②常用于"of"引出的介词短语,表示所谈及的是群体中的一员。
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友(表示许多朋友中的一个)
【2020•东营市】Most parents think that it is the happiest thing to spend time with ________ children.
A. his
B. our
C. your
D. their
考向三:反身代词
英语中用来表示"我自己""你自己""他自己""我们自己""你们自己""他/她/它们自己"等意义的代词称为反身代词。
反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。
1. 作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。
He enjoyed himself in the wild. 他在野外玩得很开心。
2. 作表语。
It doesn’ t matter. I’ ll be myself soon. 不要紧。
我很快就会恢复好。
3. 作主语或宾语的同位语,意为"亲自"。
主要用于加强语气,可紧跟在被修饰名词后或句末。
She herself went to the school. (=She went to the school herself.)(作主语同位语)
You should ask the teacher himself. (作宾语同位语)
4. 常用短语:by oneself 亲自;独自
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
teach oneself 自学
反身代词用法口诀
反身代词莫乱用,能在句中宾、表、同;
主语、定语不能用,固定搭配要记清。
单数反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, itself;
复数反身代词:ourselves, yourselves, themselves。
【2020•东营市】— Take care while walking along the wet hill path (小径). You may fall and hurt ________. — OK. Thanks for reminding me.
A. it
B. you
C. yourself
D. yourselves
考向四:指示代词
1. 定义:表示"这个""那个""这些""那些"等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。
指示代词用法例句
Is this your pen?
this(these)用于指时间或空间上较近的事物
These are my books.
2. 用法
指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
(1)that 和those代替前面提到的东西,以避免重复这个名词。
My seat is next to that of the mayor.(that=mayor’ s seat)我的座位在市长座位旁边。
(2)this 或that用来回指上文提到的事情,但若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用this。
—She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。
—Who said that? 那是谁说的?
I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点:她美吗?
(3)在打电话时,通常用this 指自己,用that指对方:
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?
(4)指示代词this,that和these在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人。
而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。
而且只有that、those后面可以跟定语从句。
【2020•长沙市】The twins are so alike that even their father finds________ hard to tell them from each other. A. it B. him C. them
考向五:不定代词
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。
不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。
不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的句法功能
1.不定代词的基本语法
(1)some、any的用法
用法例句
some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。
(修饰不可数名词)
Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗?(修饰可数名词)
some多用于肯定句;在表示请求、劝告、
邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any Some of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。
Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水好吗?
any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中;用于肯定句中,表示"任何"If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题,可以问我。
Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。
some和any可以用来修饰单数名词,some表示"某一";any表示"任何的"Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。
Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
用法用于可数名词用于不可数名词表示肯定概念 a few虽少,但有几个 a little虽少,但有一点
表示否定概念few不多,几乎没有little不多,没有什么【知识拓展】
1. 这四个词或词组在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。
Few of us have been to Beijing. 我们中几乎没有人去过北京。
(主语)
I know little about the book. 我几乎不知道这本书的内容。
(宾语)
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。
(定语)
He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。
(定语)
2. a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示"有点,稍微",little表示"很少"。
I’ m a little hungry. 我有点俄。
(修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. 让他睡一会儿。
(修饰动词sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. 玛丽,请走快一点儿。
(修饰副词比较级) (3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。
由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
【易错警示】
every day与everyday的区别:
1. every day是名词短语,在句中充当状语,修饰整个句子。
I finish my homework before 9 every day. 我每天九点前完成作业。
2. everyday是形容词,在句中充当定语,修饰名词。
Everyday work makes me bored. 每天的工作让我很烦。
【2020•山东日照】I tried many ways, but ________ of them worked.
A. all
B. both
C. neither
D. none
考向六:疑问代词
用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。
它们一般位于句首。
疑问代词包括who、whose、whom、what、which。
【易错警示】
which和what的用法辨析
用which提问,指在相当数目的人或物中进行选择,限制在一定的范围内;用what提问,不限制范围。
► Which do you like, rice or meat? 你喜欢什么,米饭还是肉?
► What do you like? 你喜欢什么?
【知识拓展】what的常见用法
1. 用于询问职业:What be+主语?或What do/does/did+主语+ do?
► What does your father do?=What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?
2. 用于询问天气或品行:What be+主语+like?
► What’ s the weather like? 天气怎么样?
3. 用于询问外貌、长相:What do/does/did+主语+look like?
► What does she look like? 她长什么样?
4. 征求对方的意见:What about ...?
► What about going out for a movie? 出去看电影怎么样?
1. —When is your father’s birthday?
—________ birthday is on April 2nd.
A.He B.She C.His D.Him
2. —John, dinner is ready.
—I want to eat _________, Mum. I’m not feeling well.
A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 3. —Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
—_______is OK. I’m busy t oday and tomorrow.
A.None B.All C.Both D.Neither 4. —Do you like thrillers or comedies, Mike?
—___________. I think action movies are the most exciting.
A.Both B.None C.Either D.Neither 5. —Ellen, I picked up a white pen under your chair. Is this yours?
—O h, yes. It’s _______. Thank you, Lisa.
A.she B.his C.mine D.your
1. (2020·云南昆明中考)--Excuse me, is this Alice’s pencil box?
--Yes, it is. It’s ________.
A. mine
B. ours
C. hers
D. theirs
2. We enjoyed ________ at the English party last weekend.
A. us
B. our
C. ours
D. ourselves
3. (2020内蒙古呼和浩特)Sophia waited for a reply, but_______ came.
A. either
B. another
C. neither
D. none
4. (2020辽宁营口)—Linda, Mother’s Day is coming. What will you buy for your mother as a gift?
—I find scarves beautiful, so I plan to buy ______ for her.
A. it
B. one
C. this
D. that
5.(2020湖北鄂州中考)This year President Xi Jinping wrote a letter to the young pioneers China to celebrate ________ 70th anniversary(周年纪念日).
A. their
B. them
C. theirs
D. they
6. (2020江苏镇江中考) — Have you asked _________ about the case?
— No, except Bob.
A. everybody
B. anybody
C. nobody
D. somebody
7. (2020上海中考)_________friend Claude from France is keen on Chinese culture.
A.I
B. Me
C. My
D. Mine
8. (2020·贵州毕节中考) Mrs. Green has no time to help us, so we need to finish the work by______.
A. myself
B. themselves
C. herself
D. ourselves
9.(2020·湖北咸宁中考)—What did Chinese President Xi Jinping say during the epidemic(疫情)?
—___________ is more important than people's safety and health.
A. Nothing
B. Everything
C. Something
D. Anything
10. (2020江苏泰州中考)— Who is at the door?
—A deliveryman(快递员)or _______ wanting to sell his new products.
A. everybody
B. anybody
C. somebody
D. nobody
11. (2020四川达州中考)—Oh, I forget to bring my umbrella.
—I’ve got _______. You can share _______.
A. it; my
B. one; mine
C. it; I
D. one; me
12. (2020黑龙江龙东中考)---- Lots of people like to give out Hongbao to each other on Wechat.
---- That’s true. I've just received_______ from my friend.
A. It
B. that
C.one
13. (2020·黑龙江哈尔滨中考)—It is raining heavily but I don’t have an umbrella with me.
—Don’t worry! I have got one. You can share .
A. yours
B. ours
C. mine
14. (2020·贵州黔东南) — Judy, is that boy with glasses ________ new classmate?
— Yes. Let's say hello to ________.
A. we; he
B. us; himself
C. ours; his
D. our; him
15. (2020甘肃天水)Safety is very important for . So we must learn how to protect __________.
A. everyone, ourselves
B. anyone, ourselves
C. everyone, us
D. anyone, us
1.【2020 • 北京市昌平区初三年级二模】Our English teacher, Miss Zhang, is good at telling jokes. We all like_________.
A. him
B. it
C. her
D. you
2.【2020 • 安徽省合肥市九年级模拟考试(二)】Could you record the football game for me? I can’t watch ____________ later.
A. it
B. one
C. this
D. that
3.【2020 • 江西省宜春市高安市二模】I don’t want to be else. I just want to be .
A. anybody; myself
B. somebody; myself
C. everybody; me
D. anybody; me
4.【2020 • 湖南省长沙市青竹湖湘一外国语学校2019-2020学年度初三中考三模】Linda often keeps everything to ________ and seldom shares her stories with others.
A. herself
B. her
C. she
5.【2020 • 江苏省南京市建邺区二模】—There are three rooms in this house, ___________with its own bathroom. —That’s what I want. I’ve got two kids.
A. either
B. neither
C. each
D. none
6.【2020 • 北京市101中学中考三模】We all like________ city because it is clean and beautiful.
A. us
B. ours
C. our
D. we
7.【2020 • 甘肃省张掖市第二学期第一次模拟】Mom, I’m old enough to wash _____ own clothes and _____. You can have a rest after work.
A. your; my
B. my; your
C. yours; mine
D. my; yours。