网球 .tmp

编号河北体育学院本科学生毕业论文论对有球队员防守能力的培养与提高姓名：冯维指导教师：赵忠海系别：运动训练系专业：网球学号：20047410014日期: 2008年5月中文内容摘要网球发球是惟一由自己掌握而不受对方控制的击球方法，是当今优秀网球运动员克敌制胜的强有力的武器。

它既是每一分的开始，也是向对方进攻的开始，同时还是双方进行攻防对抗的开始。

网球运动是属于持拍隔网对抗项群，它的基本单元竞技状态过程表面为多拍结构，它基本竞技过程的拍数正偏态分布的峰值为二拍（修正值为四拍）；网球致胜的机制在于发球的直接得分能力和接发球战术体系的得分实力高于对手。

正因为发球在网球比赛中所占有的重要地位，因此它受到了国内外网球界的极大重视，并对其进行了大量深入的研究。

每位研究者对网球发球的认识都有自己的独特见解，反映了不同考察发球的着眼点。

这就如同人们从不同的角度观察同一景物，角度不同得到的映像就不同。

例如，有人从生物学角度进行分析，有人从解剖学角度进行分析，有人从训练学的角度进行分析等。

但是，在这些研究中，大部分是从技术层面对网球发球进行理解，都是从不同的角度对网球发球技术进行剖析。

勿庸置疑，发球是网球运动中最重要的基本技术之一，当然值行进行深刻的研究。

但是，对于发球，我们就像人们从不同的视角研究发球技术一样，也应从多个视角对发球进行分析，这样才能使我们更加全面、完整、系统地认识发球的本质规律。

发球在现代网球中是鉴别和评价技术水平最重要的标志之一，是取得竞赛胜利的主要得分手段。

因此，必须掌握良好的发球技术。

掌握良好的发球取决于三个因素：一是速度，就是以较快的速度压制对方的有力还击，使对方的还击变得无威胁、无进攻性甚至使对方直接失分。

在比赛中发球时出现的“爱司”球，其最重要的因素就是速度；二是落点，落点之所以重要，因为它专门打在对方的弱点处，而避开其长处，使对方无论如何也打不出理想的攻击性球，甚至造成对方失误；三是旋转球，这种球速度不快，落点不刁，但由于它落地弹起后改变方向或弹跳又低又短，所以迫使对方跑动还击，而且又是从低处向上提拉或撮起该球，即使对方充分到位也只是勉强还击罢了，如稍有迟缓就可能失分或挑高球过网，给发球者提供进攻的机会。

在发球中能掌握好这三者之一，就至于被动挨打，如掌握三者之二就可称谓良好的发球者，否则就失去发球的进攻意义，就只能为对方服务，或者是为对方的攻击提供条件。

对于一般的网球爱好者来说，发球是一项特别重要的技术，总想尽量提高发球的准确度和成功率，却又感觉太难，无从下手。

因为发球技术的落后，直接影响了他们对比赛的参与和检验，致使他们无法领略到网球比赛的无穷乐趣。

所有打网球的人都有体会，发球是一项比较难掌握的技术。

在无人指导的情况下，业余选手很少能掌握这项技术，多数发出的球较弱无力，根本不具威胁性。

所以这些人在比赛时无法在发球上占据优势，从而失去了获胜的机会。

要想提高发球的水平，必须掌握许多方面的技术，包括技术动作、落点控制等。

其实，当我们从系统论的视角来分析网球发球，可以看出它应是一个体系，包括很多重要的要素，在这些要素之间形成相对稳定的联系方式、组织秩序及其时空关系的内在表现的综合，并产生最大的功能，即最好的发球效果。

系统，它是指由若干要素以一定结构形式联结构成的具有某种功能的有机整体。

系统论认为，整体性、关联性、等级结构性、动态平衡性、时序性等是所有系统的共同的基本特征。

它的核心思想是系统的整体观念。

基于这点，我们来看网球发球体系——单从网球发球的动作本身来说，是一种身体动作，是一种击球方式，因此它是一种技术；而从发球的结果来说，它包含了发球者的目的和意图，因此它又是一种战术；而从发球者发球时的心理变化来看，它又包括心理因素成分；而对发球者发球时的身体状态来说，它还包括体能方面的因素等。

关键词：网球发球技术要点AbstractThe tennis serves is only grasps by oneself but is not controlled opposite party hits a ball the method, is powerful weapon which now the outstanding tennis athlete overcomes the enemy. It not only is each minute start, also is the start which attacks to opposite party, at the same time both sides carry on the attack and defense the start. The tennis movement is belongs holds the racket to separate a net resistance item of group, its basic unit athletics process performance for the multi- rackets structure, its basic athletics process racket number copper bias condition distribution peak value is two pats (corrected value is four pats);The tennis subdues the mechanism lies in serves scores points directly the ability and meets serves the tactical system to score points the strength to be higher than the match. Just because serves the important status which holds in the tennis competition, therefore it received domestic and foreign tennis enormously to take, and has conducted the massive thorough research to it. Each researcher the understanding which serves to the tennis all has own unique opinion, had reflected the different inspection serves objective point. This is similar to the people from the different angle observation identical scenery, the reflection which the angle differently obtains is different. For example, some people carry on the analysis from the biology angle, some people carry on the analysis from anatomy angle, some people carry on the analysis from the training study angle and so on. But, in these research, majority of is serves from the technical stratification plane to the tennis carries on the understanding, all is serves the technology from the different angle to the tennis to carry on the analysis. Does not need to question that, serves is in the tennis movement one of most important basic technical, certainly is worth conducting the profound research. But, regarding serves, we on serve the technology like the people from the different angle of view research to be same, also should to serve from many angles of view carries on the analysis, like this can cause us to be more comprehensive the essential rule which, the integrity, the system understanding serves.Serves in the modern tennis is the distinction and one of appraisal technical level most important symbols, is gains the competition victory mainly to score points the method. Therefore, must grasp good serves the technology. Grasps good serves is decided by three factors: One is the speed, is suppresses opposite party by the quick speed powerfully to counterattack, causes opposite party to counterattack changes does not have the threat, does not have the combative nature even to cause opposite party to lose points directly. Serves when the competition appears "the part in hair" the ball, its most important factor is the speed; Two is the point of descent, the point of descent the reason that is important, because it hits specially in opposite party weakness place, but avoids its strong point, causes opposite party also not to be able to split out the ideal aggressive ball in any event, even creates opposite party to make a mistake; Three is the spinning ball, this kind of ball speed is not quick, the point of descent is not tricky, after but because it falls to the ground the ball to get up changes the direction or bounces lowers short, therefore quite causes opposite party to move counterattacks, moreover also is upwardly draws out or scoops up this ball from the low spot, even if opposite party fully arrives alsoonly is counterattacks reluctantly, like has slightly slowly on possibly loses points or has lobbed the net, provides attack to serving the opportunity. Can grasp in serving these three one, as for passively does not come under attack, like grasps three two may the name good serve the spot, otherwise loses the attack significance which serves, only can serve for opposite party, or is provides the condition for opposite party attack.As for the general tennis amateur that, serves is a specially important technology, always wants to enhance the accuracy and the success ratio as far as possible which serves, felt actually too difficultly, without knowing where to begin starts. Because serves technical backwardness, has affected the participation and the examination directly which they competes, causes them to be unable to understand to the tennis competition infinite pleasure.All plays tennis the human all have the experience, serves is the technology which an item quite is difficult to grasp. In in nobody instruction situation, the extra-curricular contestant very little can grasp this technology, most sends out the ball weak is incapable, simply does not have threatening. Therefore these people in competition time is unable on serving the war superiority, thus has lost the opportunity which wins. Must want to raise the level which serves, must grasp many aspects the technologies, including technical movement, point of descent control and so on.Actually, when we analyze the tennis from the system theory angle of view to serve, may see it to be supposed to be an individual department, including very many important essential factors, forms the relatively stable contact method between these essential factors, the organization order and its the space and time relations intrinsic performance synthesis, and has the biggest function, namely best serves the effect, the system, it is refers by certain essential factor certain structural style joint constitutions has some kind of function the organic whole. The system theory believed that, the integrity, the relatedness, the rank constitutive property, the dynamic balanced state, the succession and so on is the all systems common basic characteristic. Its core thought is the system concept of viewing the entire situation. Based on this spot, we looked the tennis serves the system - list movement itself which serves from the tennis to say, is one kind of bodily movement, is one kind hits a ball the way, therefore it is one kind of technology; But from the result which serves said that, it has contained the serving goal and the intention, therefore it also is one tactic; But serves the time psychology from serving to change said that, it includes the psychological factor ingredient; But serves the time bodily condition to serving to say that, it also includes the physical ability aspect the factor and so on.Keyword: tennis Serve technology目录论文（设计）题目............................... ......... (1)前言 (1)1.研究方法 (1)2.研究内容 (1)2.1观察法..................................................... .. (2)2.2文献综述法............................................... . .. (3)3.结论与建议 (3)3.1网球发球体系的构成........................................... .33.2网球发球体系中各层的内涵 (4)参考文献 (7)致谢.................. .. (8)浅谈网球发球的技术要点1前言经过几年的网球训练和钻研，慢慢地由初级爱好者，走到一个兼具业余教练和运动水平的网球人。