专题限时检测(二十二)-阅读理解之自然类

专题限时检测(二十二)阅读理解之自然类
(共3篇，限时23分钟)
A
(2014·福建省普通高中高考适应性测试)Brown cows may not actually make chocolate milk, but pink silkworms (蚕) do produce pink silk, a team of scientists has discovered. To see if they could produce pre-dyed silk—silk that comes colored, straight from the source —the team fed ordinary silkworms mulberry (桑树) leaves that had been spra
yed (喷洒) with fabric (织物) dyes (染色剂). Out of seven tested dyes,
only one worked, producing a thread that reminded me of pink-dyed hair.
And yes, the worms themselves take on some color before they produce
silk. Their colorful diets did not affect their growth, the team, which included engineers and biologists from the CSIR—National Chemical Laboratory in India, reports in the journal ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. (The researchers didn't look too deeply into how the dyes affected the silkworms' health. After all, silkworms die when people harvest their silk.) The team made dyeing silk this way because coloring fabric normally uses large amounts of fresh water. The water gets polluted with dangerous chemicals in the process, requiring costly treatment before factories can send it back into waterways. Dyeing silk directly by feeding silkworms would avoid those water-washing steps. Scientists are just starting to study this idea. However, it remains to be seen if it's commercially successful. In this experiment, the Indian team tested seven dyes, which are cheap and popular in the industry.
The scientists found different dyes moved through silkworms' bodies differently. Some never made it into the worms'silk at all. Others colored the worms and their silk, but the color disappears before the silk is turned into fabric. Only one dye, named “direct acid fast red”，showed up in the final, washed silk threads. By the time it made it there, it was a pleasant, light pink.
1．The text is most probably a(n)________．
A．science report B．tourist guide
C．animal experiment D．fashion advertisement
2．Silkworms can produce pink silk because________.
A．they are born pink B．they are dyed pink
C．they grow in pink water D．they are fed dyed food
3．Where was the experiment carried out?
A．In America. B．In India.
C．In Israel. D．In China.
4．How many dyes have been proved successful in the experiment?
A．One. B．Three.
C．Five. D．Seven.
B
(2014·东北三省四市第一次联合考试) It's the beginning of 2014, but as USA Today says，“it's never too early to plan your 2014 travels”. With so many hot destinations around the globe, “where should I go？” can be difficult to answer. According to Lonely Planet, though, Brazil is a fine choice — on Oct 29th, the travel guide named that country the top one to visit in 2014.
“As if endless coast and mountains splashed (飞溅) with rainforest didn't already add up to an unfair share of heaven, Brazil will hold two of the greatest sporting events in the world, beginning with the 2014 FIFA World Cup and followed by the 2016 Summer Olympics，”explained Lonely Planet.
Brazil is the largest and most populous (人口稠密的) country in South America. It boasts (自豪拥有) the Amazon, the world's largest jungle, which is home to a variety of plants and animals. But the great scenery is not the only thing Brazilians take pride in.
The colors green and yellow might make most people think of Brazil's soccer team even more than its national flag. Soccer is more than a sport in Brazil; it's a way of life. In fact, the World Cup brings Brazilians together. It is interesting to note that the general elections in Brazil are usually held during the same year as the World Cup. Political parties try to take advantage of the patriotic enthusiasm(爱国热情) created by soccer to inspire political energy.
Alongside soccer, samba is another symbol of Brazil. The country's most traditional dance is highlighted every February at the Rio Carnival, which is one of the world's biggest.
“Brazil has left its second-class nation status，” said former Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in 2009 after Rio de Janeiro was awarded the 2016 Olympics.
Brazil's growing economy, fueled by oil and aircraft factories, has made it more than just a nation of samba, soccer and beaches. These days, it might just be the best tourist destination in the world.
5．Which is TRUE about Brazil?
A．Soccer and samba are two symbols of the country.
B．It will hold the FIFA World Cup and the Summer Olympics in 2016.
C．It is the largest country with the longest history in South America.
D．Its Amazon is the world's largest jungle, Brazilians take pride in only.
6. We can tell from the words of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva that________.
A．his country will be the first class nation status after the 2016 Olympics
B．his country has been left behind by other second-class nations
C．he is confident that his country has developed very fast
D．the 2016 Olympics, not samba or soccer, has made his country the first class
7. Which of the following aspects are mentioned about Brazil in the article?
A．Military and economy.
B．Geography and population.
C．Language and culture.
D．Politics and history.
8．The author's purpose in writing the article is to________.
A．give an introduction of Brazil as a tourist destination
B．prove that Lonely Planet's recommendation is right
C．give an objective review of Brazil as a nation
D．explain why Brazil will be holding the two sporting events
C
(2014·贵州高考适应性考试)Some colors that people see late at night could cause signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression (临床抑郁症). That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.
Doctors use the words clinical depression to describe severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death.
In the new study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters (仓鼠) to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night. The animals were separated into 4 groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in blue light, a third group slept in white light. While a fourth was put in red light. After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the more depressed animals drank the least amount of water.
Randy Nelson, at Ohio State University, says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is that these animals didn't show any sleep interruptions at all but they did have messed up circadian clock (生物钟) genes and they did show depressive evidence but if they were in the dim red light, they did not.” He says there's a lot of blue in white light. This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters see red light or darkness.
9．From the text we know that ________made the hamsters feel depressed.
A．the amount of the water
B．the color of the light
C．the loss of pleasure
D．the level of energy
10．What was the purpose of the experiment on hamsters?
A．To show how well they slept.
B．To see how much sugary water they drank.
C．To explain why they liked dark colors.
D．To find out what caused the depression on them.
11．The author explains the clinical depression by ______.
A．reporting an experiment process
B．presenting research data
C．setting down general rules
D．giving his own experience
12．Where can we probably find the text?
A．In a science magazine.
B．In a physics textbook.
C．In a tourist guidebook.
D．In an official announcement.
答案
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

你听说过蚕能吐出粉色的丝吗？印度的科学家做了大量的实验，他们通过给蚕喂一些喷过染色剂的桑树叶子，最终成功地使蚕吐出了粉色的丝。

1．选A推理判断题。

根据对全文的理解可知，科学家们通过给蚕喂一些喷过染色剂的食物使其吐出粉色的丝。

文中介绍了实验过程和实验结论，所以应该是一篇科技报告。

故选A。

2．选D细节理解题。

根据第一段第二、三句中的“...the team fed ... reminded me of pink-dyed hair.”可知，科学家用被喷洒织物染色剂的桑树叶子喂养普通的蚕。

在七个被测试的染料中，只有一种染料起作用，这种蚕丝，让“我”想起染上粉色的头发。

由此推知，蚕之所以会吐出粉色的丝是因为他们被喂了含有染色剂的食物。

故选D。

3．选B细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句中“... the team，which included engineers and biologists from the CSIR — National Chemical Laboratory in India ...”可知，实验是在印度进行的。

故选B。

4．选A细节理解题。

根据最后一段倒数第二句“Only one dye，named ‘direct acid fast
red’，showed up in the final，washed silk threads.”可知，只有一种染料成功了。

故选A。

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

简要介绍了旅游目的地巴西的人文和地理特点。

5．选A正误判断题。

根据文章第五段的第一句“Alongside soccer，samba is another symbol of Brazil.”可知，足球和桑巴舞是巴西的象征。

根据文章内容，B、C、D三项均可排除。

故选A项。

6．选C推理判断题。

根据文章倒数第二段第一句“‘Brazil has left its second-class nation status，’ ...”即巴西已经摆脱了二等国家的身份，并结合最后一段可推知，巴西发展迅速，并获得2016年夏季奥运会的举办权，由此可推断出，当时的巴西总统对巴西经济快速发展充满信心。

故选C项。

7．选B细节理解题。

通过对文章第三段的整体理解可知，本段提到了巴西的人口和地理环境，即亚马逊流域是世界上最大的热带雨林。

故选B项。

8．选A写作意图题。

根据文章第一段和文章的整体描述可知，本文主要是对旅游目的地巴西做了一个简明的介绍。

故选A项。

语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。

文章主要介绍了晚上光线的颜色和临床抑郁症的密切关系。

通过对一组仓鼠的试验，结果表明蓝色光和白色光是抑郁症的诱因；而红色光则与抑郁症的关系不密切。

9．选B细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句中的“designed an experiment that exposed hamsters(仓鼠)to different colors”以及本段中关于不同颜色的光线对仓鼠影响的描述可知，光线的颜色导致仓鼠感到抑郁。

故B项正确。

10．选D细节理解题。

根据本文最后一句可知，用仓鼠做实验的目的是弄清光线的颜色是否会导致抑郁症。

故D项正确。

11．选A写作手法题。

根据第三段中叙述通过仓鼠进行试验以证明光线的颜色与抑郁症的关系可知，整理是通过报告实验过程来解释抑郁症的。

故A项正确。

12．选A推理判断题。

通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了抑郁症和光线的关系。

研究表明，晚上所见到的光线的颜色和抑郁症有着密切的关系：蓝色光和白色光成为抑郁症的诱因。

由此可知，这是一篇科普说明文，可能选自科技杂志。

故A项正确。

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