2020年南京市中华中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案

2020年南京市中华中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Older adults who sleep six hours or fewer a night may have elevated risk for dementia(痴呆症) and other cognitive (认知的) issues, a new study finds.
Researchers at Stanford University measured seniors' (ages 65 to 85) dementia risk and cognitive abilities, finding higher risk in those patients who regularly slept six or fewer hours compared to those who slept seven or eight hours. Those seniors who slept nine or more hours also had lower cognitive functions and other health issues, but the researchers didn't find the same high dementia risk in this group.
The findings demonstrate how important it is for adults to maintain a healthy sleep cycle, especially as they get older.
As adults age, it's common for their sleep patterns to change or becomedisrupted— leading to longer, shorter, or more irregular sleep. This disruption may be linked to Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, impacting seniors' ability to remember information, problem-solve, and go through everyday behaviors. Sleep disruption can also be caused by or heighten depression, cardiovascular disease（冠心病）, and other conditions.
A recommended sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours, the researchers said. Six or fewer hours corresponded to short sleep, while nine or more hours corresponded to long sleep.
The Stanford researchers measured levels of beta amyloid, a protein in the brain that is typically found in high levels when a patient develops Alzheimer's. In addition, the researchers used several tests for memory, attention, spatial skills, and executive function to identify patients' cognitive abilities. Those patients sleeping for six hours or fewer a night were more likely to develop dementia, the researchers found. The low-sleep patients had higher levels of beta amyloid.
The Stanford researchers found that patients with lower sleep also performed worse on memory tests, while those with higher sleep (more hours) performed worse on executive function tests，which measure the brain's ability to switch between different tasks.
―The main takeaway is that it is important to maintain healthy sleep late in life, Winer told CNN.
1. What does the underlined word “disrupted” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. difficult
B. disordered
C. dissolved
D. different
2. According to the findings, which of the following is NOT related to the disrupted sleep?
A. It is more likely to cause old people to have bad memories over issues.
B. It may contribute to dementia, cardiovascular disease and other illnesses.
C. Some daily behaviors perhaps differ from those whose sleeping is normal.
D It tends to bring all the old people to undergo brain scans and cognitive tests.
3. What can we infer from the study?
A. A proper sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours.
B. Low and high sleep patients were both poor at memory tests.
C. Executive function test is applied to measure the capacity of brain.
D. Keeping a healthy sleep for older adults late in life is crucial.
B
The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children, concluded as a “lying down” lifestyle, recentlystruck a chord withmany young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.
Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”. They said they hate the “involution (内卷),” joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.
“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,” said a scholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to paying the mortgage (按揭) today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.”
Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, acknowledged that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youth have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of morale (士气) far beyond their reach.
“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,” a postgraduate student told the
Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later.”
4. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Warned.
B. Criticized.
C. Touched.
D. Amused.
5. What might have caused the “lying down” lifestyle among the young?
A. Improvements in living conditions.
B. Growing pressure from family and social life.
C. Increasing material possessions from families.
D. Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions.
6. What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the “lying down” group?
A. Understanding.
B. Intolerant.
C.Supportive.
D. Unclear.
7. What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?
A. They never really drop their responsibilities.
B. They really enjoy the “lying down” lifestyle.
C. They find their dreams far beyond their reach.
D. They would rather escape than take challenges.
C
Earthquakes are a natural disaster—except when they're man-made. The oil and gas industry has forcefully used the technique known as hydraulic fracturing (水力压裂法) to destroy sub-surface rock and liberate the oil and gas hiding there. But the process results in large amounts of chemical-filled waste water. Horizontal drilling (水平钻孔) for oil can also produce large amount of natural, unwanted salt water. The industry deals with this waste water by pumping it into deep wells.
On Monday, the US Geological Survey published for the first time an earthquake disaster map covering both natural and “induced” quakes. The map and a report show that parts of the central United States now face a ground-shaking disaster equal to the famously unstable terrain (不稳定地形) of California.
Some 7 million people live in places easily attacked by these man-made quakes, the USGS said The list of places at highest risk of man-made earthquakes includes Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Ohio and Alabama. Most of these earthquakes are ly small, in the range of magnitude (震级) 3, but some have been more powerful, including a magnitude 5.6 earthquake in 2011 in Oklahoma that was connected to
waste water filling.
Scientists said they do not know ifthere is an upper limit on the magnitude of man-made earthquakes; this is an area of active research Oklahoma has had prehistoric earthquakes as powerful as magnitude 7.
It's not immediately clear whether this new research will change industry practices, or even whether it will surprise anyone in the areas of newly supposed danger. In Oklahoma, for example, the natural rate of earthquakes is only one or two a year, but there have been hundreds since hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, with the waste water filling, became common in the last ten years.
8. What kind of human activities can cause earthquakes?
A. The man-made produced waste water in the factories.
B. The process of digging deep wells in those poor areas.
C. The advanced techniques used to deal with waste water.
D. The oil or gas industry's work connected with the earth.
9. What does the underlined word “induced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Man-made.
B. Reduced.
C. Newly-built.
D. Controlled.
10. How much magnitude can man-made earthquakes reach?
A. It's been said as small as magnitude 3.
B. It has been said as high as magnitude 7.
C. It's being studied without a final conclusion.
D. It has risen by an average of magnitude 5. 6.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Natural Earthquakes in America Are Disappearing Now
B. 7 Million Americans at Risk of Man-Made Earthquakes
C. Time for Oil and Gas Industry Change Their Working Practice
D. More Often Earthquakes as Powerful as Magnitude 7 in America
D
I started out in life with few advantages. I didn't graduate from high school. I worked at menial (不体面的) jobs. I had limited education, limited skills and a limited future.
And then I began asking, "Why are some people more successful than others?" This question changed my life.
Over the years, I have read thousands of books and articles on the subjects of success and achievement(成
就). It seems that the reasons have been discussed and written about for more than two thousand years, in every possible way. One quality that most philosophers, teachers and experts agree on is the importance of self-discipline (自律). As Al Tomsik summarized it years ago, "Success is tons of discipline."
Some years ago, I attended a conference in Washington. It was the lunch break and I was eating at a nearby food fair. The area was crowded and I sat down at the last open table by myself, even though it was a table for four.
A few minutes later, an older gentleman and a younger woman who was his assistant came along carrying trays of food, obviously looking for a place to sit. With plenty of room at my table, I immediately invited the older gentleman to join me. He was hesitant (犹豫), but I insisted. Finally, thanking me as he sat down, we began to chat over lunch.
It turned out that his name was Kop Kopmeyer. As it happened, I immediately knew who he was. He was a legend in the field of success and achievement. Kop Kopmeyer had written four large books, each of which contained 250 success principles that he had obtained from more than fifty years of research and study. I had read all four books from cover to cover, more than once.
After we had chatted for a while, I asked him the question that many people in this situation would ask, "Of all the one thousand success principles that you have discovered, which do you think is the most important?”
He smiled at me, as if he had been asked this question many times, and replied, without hesitating, "The most important success principle of all was stated by Thomas Huxley many years ago. He said, 'Do what you should do, when you should do it, whether you feel like it or not.'"
He went on to say, "There are 999 other success principles that I have found in my reading and experience, but without self-discipline, none of them work."
12. Why did the writer ask the question in Paragraph 2 ?
A. Because he wasn't satisfied with himself.
B. Because he was a person of self-discipline.
C. Because he dislike those successful people.
D. Because he wanted to share his idea on success.
13. What made the writer invite the older gentleman to join him ?
A. His great kindness.
B. The gentleman's fame.
C. His eagerness for success.
D. The gentleman's habit.
14. What are the four large books about ?
A. Personal changes
B. The secret of success
C. Sayings of wisdom
D. The gentleman's manners.
15. What's the best title for the text ?
A. The Magic of Reading
B. An Unexpected Conversation
C. A Question that Changed MyLife
D. The Power of Self-discipline
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
Music therapy
Music therapy（疗法）is a form of therapy which utilizes music._____16_____
Humans have been making music for thousands of years, and many doctors throughout history have proved the idea that music is beneficial to the mind and body, in addition to being enjoyable.
_____17_____Listening to and making music appears to reduce heart rate and blood pressure, and provide people with a sense of calmness, safety, or security.
_____18_____Most practitioners have studied psychology or psychiatry along with music. Music therapists work in hospitals, clinics, residential facilities, private practices, and homes.
Some specific applications for music therapy include: pain management, stress management, behavioral therapy, treatment for substance abuse,and work with people who have developmental disabilities._____19_____And they can include a variety of things, from listening to a piece of music and talking about the feelings it evokes（激发）to playing an instrument or writing songs as a method of personal expression.
Like other expressive therapies such as art therapy and dance therapy, the focus of music therapy is not on the end product, such as a musical composition, and people do not need to have prior experience with music to benefit from this type of therapy._____20_____
A. This type of therapy has a number of benefits
B. The measures are tailored to the need of the patient
C. People can practice music therapy in a variety of ways.
D. This type of therapy may involve making music or listening to music
E. But there are still many fields of music therapy needing to be changed
F. In the 20th century, the practice of music therapy improved as researchers conducted studies to learn how music acted on the brain and body.
G. What is more focused on is the process of listening to, creating, or thinking about music.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项My father isa very hard-working person. He____21____education in people's life. Being a teacher by profession, he tried to concentrate all his efforts on helping his____22____succeed. This inspired me to follow his____23____by working hard in school. He also____24____me to keep on____25____, telling me that the sky was the limit.
My father shows respect for others. All through my life, I have seen my father settle disputes (争论)____26____. This has taught me the importance of accepting other people's____27____ and seeking help in times of____28____.
Being a modest and down-to-earth person, my father ensured(确保)that I was like him. I was____29____to swallow my____30____whenever success knocks on the door. Instead,____31____past successes and working even harder is his motto.
The word love sounds small but few people____32____what it really means to love. It is a trait(品质)that my father had and____33____possesses.It has enabled me to spread my____34____to all who associate with me in one way or another.
I believe in doing things____35____and fast in life. This is something that I____36____my father. I remember his____37____saying," The early bird catches the worm." This saying has____38____me to be what I am and where I am today.____39____the enthusiasm to accomplish things early in life, I was able to____40____both my O-Level and A-Level education at the most appropriate times.
Indeed,! can say that it is my father who has made me what I am today.
21. A. values B. needs C. receives D. affords
22. A. colleagues B. students C. neighbors D. teachers
23. A. example B. argument C. order D. plan
24. A. invited B. challenged C. begged D. encouraged
25. A. playing B. enjoying C. trying D. sharing
26. A. anxiously B. casually C. secretly D. calmly
27. A. apology B. disagreement C. success D. disappearance
28. A. change B. danger C. peace D. difficulty
29. A. observed B. allowed C. taught D. paid
30. A. fear B. anger C. pride D. surprise
31. A. forgetting B. achieving C. celebrating D. experiencing
32. A. believe B. understand C. predict D. decide
33. A. seldom B. just C. never D. still
34. A. love B. knowledge C. message D. dream
35. A. alone B. again C. early D. simply
36. A. relied on B. learnt from C. referred to D. prepared for
37. A. famous B. similar C. strange D. favorite
38. A. told B. wanted C. helped D. asked
39. A. Because of B. Instead of C. Except for D. As for
40. A. review B. finish C. finance D. apply
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Mountain climbers around the world dream____41.____going up Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world.____42.____many people who have climbed the mountain have left waste material that is harming the environment.
A team of Americans is planning the largest clean-up effort ever on Qomolangma. They will make the____43.____(risk) trip of all time up the mountain next month.
The team of eight Americans____44.____(guide) by more than twenty Sherpas of Nepal (尼泊尔夏尔巴人). Their goal is____45.____(remove) all the rubbish they see. They will spend two months cleaning up the mountain by gathering all kinds of rubbish, among____46.____disposable products are a major concern. So the clean-up team will take along____47.____(new) developed equipment to collect and treat disposable products. They are expected to remove at least three____48.____(ton) of rubbish in large bags.
Team leader Robert Hoffman is making his____49.____(four) trip up the mountain. He says he hopes to bring Qomolangma to the condition it was in before the first climb_____50._____(complete) successfully fifty years ago.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.改错（共10小题；每小题2分,满分20分）
注意：
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在右边横线上写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词写在右边横线上并用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在右边横线上写出修改后的词。

His parents earn the living by farming.
Many people go to big cities in the hope of find a good job.
He got up early so as to getting there in time .
By now his restaurant ought to being full of people .
We should not judge a person at his appearance .
His carelessness resulted from the accident .
As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by an accident.
Tom helped the girl . She gave him a gift as return.
He was about to go out then it began to rain.
I am will to help those in trouble .
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，一年一度的荷花展将在北京圆明园公园举行。

请给酷爱摄影的外教Jack写封邮件。

内容包括：
1.花展时间；
2.交通方式；
3.邀请观看。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

参考词汇:荷花lotus flower
Dear Jack,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B
12. A 13. A 14. B 15. D
16. D 17. F 18. C 19. B 20. G
21. A 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32.
B 33. D 34. A 35. A 36. B 37. D 38.
C 39. A 40. B
41. about/of
42. But 43. riskiest
44. will be guided
45. to remove
46. which 47. newly
48. tons 49. fourth
50. completed
51.(1). the→a
(2). find→finding
(3). getting→get
(4). being→be
(5). at→by (6). from→in
(7). an去掉(8). as→in
(9). then→when
(10). will→willing
【56题详解】
考查冠词。

句意：他的父母靠务农谋生。

根据固定搭配earn a living“谋生”，可知把the改为a。

【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。

句意：许多人去大城市希望找到一份好工作。

介词of后应用动词find动名词形式做宾语，故把find改为finding。

【58题详解】
考查固定搭配。

句意：他起得很早以便及时赶到那里。

固定搭配so as to后面跟动词原形，表示“是为了；以便”，故把getting改为get。

【59题详解】
考查情态动词。

句意：到现在，他的餐馆应该已经挤满了人。

ought to“应该”，是情态动词，后接动词原形，故把being改为be。

【60题详解】
考查固定搭配。

句意：我们不应该以貌取人。

固定搭配judge by “以……来判断，以……来看”，主要表示从音容，笑貌，衣着等进行判断，故把at改为by。

【61题详解】
考查固定搭配。

句意：他的粗心造成了这次事故。

固定搭配result in“造成；导致”，符合句意，故把from改为in。

【62题详解】
考查固定搭配。

句意：事实上，我是意外地在英国着陆的。

固定搭配by accident“意外地”符合句意，故把an去掉。

【63题详解】
考查固定搭配。

句意：Tom帮助了那个女孩。

她给了他一件礼物作为报答。

固定搭配in return“作为报答”，符合句意，故把as改为in。

【64题详解】
考查连词。

句意：他正要出去，这时突然开始下雨了。

固定句型be about to do sth....when“正在做某事时突然……”，符合句意，故把then改为when。

【65题详解】
考查形容词。

句意：我愿意帮助那些有困难的人。

be willing to do“愿意做某事”，此短语中willing是形容词作表语，表示“愿意；乐意”，故把will改为willing。

52.略。