初中英语基础知识拓展材料：英语句子的升降调

拓展材料：英语句子的升降调
英语的语调总的特点是，全句的调子一般都是由高逐渐降低，语调主要表现
在句末，升调和降调通常分别用“↗”和“↘”来表示。

（1）升调
升调常用来表示不肯定，语意未完，或表示礼貌，常有含蓄、委婉、安慰、虚心征求意见等意味。

升调的用法可归纳为以下五种情况：
①一般疑问句通常用升调。

Is he `making a ↗kite?
Are they `cleaning the ↗classroom?
Was the `traffic `very ↗busy?
Does your `uncle `like `making `things, ↗too?
Did he `go `there `alone `last ↗night?
Must we `wash our `clothes ↗now?
Has your `father` finished the `work ↗yet?
②数数、列举事物或列举一连串的动作时，除最后那个并列成分用降调外，前面
所有的并列成分都要用升调。

`Let’s `count our `new ↘books. ↗One, ↗two, ↗three, ↗four, ↘five. `Oh,
we have ↘five new books.
We’d `like a `bottle of ↗coke, `two `bottles of `apple ↗juice, a ↗hamburger and `two ↗cakes.
`John `likes ↗running, ↗swimming and ↘skating, but he `doesn’t like
playing ↗football, ↗basketball or ↘volleyball.
He `got ↗up, `got ↗dressed, `brushed his ↗teeth, `washed his ↗face, `had his ↗breakfast, and `then `quickly `went to ↘school.
The `old `man `came ↗in, `asked for a `cup of ↗tea and `sat `down
at a ↘table.
③选择疑问句的语调分为两个部分，or 前的部分用升调，or 后的部分用降调，
记成“前升后降”。

Is her `answer ↗right or ↘wrong?
Were they in the `high ↗jump or the `long ↘jump?
Would you `like a `cup of ↗tea or a `glass of ↘milk?
Do you `go to `school ↗late or ↘early?
`Which `colour do you `like `better, `light ↗blue or `dark ↘blue?
`Which do you prefer, `going to the ↗cinema or `going ↘swimming?
④反意疑问句的语调也得分两种情况：若说话者对所陈述的内容没有把握，想询问对方这一观点是否正确，则陈述句部分用降调，简略问句用升调；若说话者对所陈述的内容已经很有把握，只是想要对方同意自己的观点，或是想从对方那里得到证实，则前后两部分都用降调。

—Your `uncle is ↘tall, ↗isn’t he? --↘No, he’s very ↘short.
You `like ↘apples, ↗don’t you?
He `went to `London with his ↘family, ↗didn’t he?
—You `won’t `go `there to↘morrow, ↗will you? -- ↘Yes, I ↘will.
—His `sister has `never been to ↘Beijing, ↗has she? -- No, she↘hasn’t.
—It’s a ↘fine day, ↘isn’t it? -- `Yes, it ↘is.
It’s `quite a `nice ↘picture, ↘isn’t it?
You were `born in `19`89. So you are ↘fifteen, ↘aren’t you?
⑤含状语从句的复合句的语调也要分两种情况：若主句在前，从句在后，主句结束时意思已比较完整，则通常用降调，整个句子读完时也应该用降调；但是，若从句在前，主句在后，则常常是“前升后降”。

I was `drawing a ↘picture when my `mother `came ↘back.
`When she `got to the ↗station, the `train had `already ↘left.
（2）降调
在英语句子中，降调的使用比升调更为广泛，它表示肯定、决断、坚决或终结，但有时含有生硬、不容质疑的意味。

降调的用法可归纳为以下七种：
①陈述句用降调：
`Lucy is `cleaning her ↘bedroom.
`Li `Lei `doesn’t have a ↘watch.
I `like ↘swimming.
`Mary `wrote a `letter to her `friend `last ↘night.
I’ve been to `Beijing `only ↘once.
②特殊疑问句也用降调：
`Whose is `this ↘coat?
`What `happened to her ↘car?
`What have you `done with your my ↘bike?
`Which `shirt do you ↘like?
`Where does your `English `teacher ↘come from?
`When is `Teachers’↘Day?
`Why `didn’t `Jim `come to `school ↘yesterday?
`How `long have you been at `this ↘school?
`How `soon will they `finish the ↘work?
③表示命令的祈使句也常用降调：
`David, `open the ↘door..
`Go and `ask your ↘father.
`Put `on your ↘coat.
`Don’t `throw it on the ↘floor.
`Don’t `put your `feet on the ↘desk.
`Don’t `run `so ↘fast.
`Let’s `go to the ↘zoo.
`Let’s `go and `have a ↘look.
④问候用语常用降调，以示真诚：
Good ↘morning.
Good ↘evening.
Good ↘afternoon.
How ↘are you?
⑤感谢用语也常用降调，以表示诚挚的谢意：
↘Thank you.
`Thanks a ↘lot.
`Thank you `very ↘much.
⑥感叹句用降调：
What a ↘lovely day!
What an ↘exciting sports meeting!
What a ↘terrible day I spent today!
`How ↘hot it is today!
`How ↘beautiful the flowers are!
`How ↘hard all the workers are working!
⑦在并列句中，并列连词and, but, or 等的前后两上分句都用降调：
We `come to `school by ↘bus and he `comes by ↘bike.
She `likes ↘English, but she `needs ↘help.
`Let’s↘run, or we’ll be `late for ↘school.
I `couldn’t `sleep `well `last ↘night, so I’m `very `tired to ↘day.
（3）特殊语调现象
在日常口语中，人们除了使用规范的语调外，还经常灵活地运用语调，以表达自己的不同态度、感情、情绪、意图以及隐含意义。

①不同语调的“yes”
↘Yes. （降调表示同意对方的观点）
↗Yes?（升调表示疑问，意为“真的吗？”或“是吗？”。

若在回答对方
的呼唤时使用，则意为“什么事？”或者“怎么啦？”）
②两种味道的all right”
`All ↗right.(升调，正常的语调，意为“好吧”)
`All ↘right! You `shall repent ↘this.（降调，带有威胁的口气，意为“好！以后不要懊悔！”）
③两种味儿的感谢用语
↘Thank you.（降调，表示真诚的感谢。

）
↗Thank you.（升调，出于礼貌而说的客气话。

）
④你喜欢哪种问候？
Good ↘morning.（降调，此乃真诚的问候）
Good ↗morning.。