2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第5期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析B卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Although Asian countries are generally more（）in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India.
问题1选项
A.conservative
B.confidential
prehensible
D.consistent
【答案】A
【解析】句意:尽管亚洲国家在社会习俗上普遍比西方国家保守，但中国和印度都有几位女性领导人的典型例子。

考查形容词辨析。

conservative 保守的；confidential 机密的；获信任的；comprehensible 可理解的；consistent 始终如一的，坚持的。

此句后半部分表示:中国和印度都有几位女性领导人的典型例子，而且前面用了转折让步连词although，因此A符合句意。

2.
单选题
（）conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.
问题1选项
A.Continuous
B.Continual
C.Constant
D.Contrary
【答案】B
【解析】句意:城邦之间的持续冲突导致了希腊文明的最终衰落。

考查形容词辨析。

continuous和continual都有“连续的，持续的”意思，但continuous强调“不间断”而continual 强调“频繁，反复”。

Constant 不变的，恒定的；contrary 相反的，对立的。

这里是用来形容城邦间的冲突，故选B。

3.
单选题
Although he is very rich, his undutiful children are the（）of his life.
问题1选项
A.torch
B.torment
C.topic
D.topper
【答案】B
【解析】句意:虽然他很富有，但是他那些不孝顺的孩子是他人生的一大痛苦。

考查名词辨析。

torch 火炬，手电筒；torment 痛苦，苦恼，折磨；topic 主题，题目；topper 大礼帽，高档的东西。

因此B符合句意。

4.
单选题
The president's（）remarks in his speech met with a lot of attacks from other countries. 问题1选项
A.offensive
B.impressive
C.permissive
D.expressive
【答案】A
【解析】句意:总统在演讲中的攻击性言论遭到了许多来自其他国家的攻击。

考查形容词辨析。

offensive 攻击的，冒犯的，令人不适的；impressive 令人赞叹的，令人钦佩的；permissive 许可的，自由的，放任的；expressive 表现的，有表现力的。

根据题干关键词“遭到了许多来自其他国家的攻击”可知A符合句意。

5.
单选题
He pointed out that the living standard of urban and （） people continued to improve.
问题1选项
A.remote
B.municipal
C.rural
D.provincial
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

选项A:remote “偏僻的，疏远的”；选项B：municipal “市政的，地方自治的”;选项C：rural “农村的，乡下的”；选项D：provincial “省的，地方性的”。

由句意可知此处表述的是城乡居民，因此使用固定搭配urban and rural people “城乡居民”更符合题意，所以选项C为正确选项。

句意：他指出，城乡居民的生活水平不断提高。

6.
单选题（）all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.
问题1选项
A.At
B.In
C.For
D.On
【答案】C
【解析】句意:尽管我们好意要帮助Sara，但她不肯听从我们。

考查短语辨析。

At all（否定）根本，究竟；in all总共，合计；for all 尽管，虽然；没有on all的搭配用法。

根据后半句句意“但她不肯听从我们”可知C项正确。

7.
翻译题
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
1.虽然我们几乎没有注意到人工智能设备的存在，但是它们的普遍出现已经使人们摆脱了许多的劳动。

2.没有情感的因素，我们的智慧很难开创新道路；没有智慧，情感也无法达到完美的状态。

3.我们必须意识到：寻求赞许与其说是生活之必需，不如说是一种欲望。

我们都愿意博得掌声，听到赞扬。

4.考试能证明学习者在一种语言中是否熟练。

通过语言考试远不只是激励了自己在语言方面的自尊。

5.在决定什么风险水平对社会和经济方面的影响是可以接受的之前，他们需要了解人们日常所面对的整个风险的水平和通过努力所能达到的安全水平。

【答案】1. Although we hardly notice the existence of artificial intelligence equipment, their prevalence in life has already enabled people to break away from a lot of labor.
2. Without emotions, our wisdom can hardly exploit new route; without wisdom, emotions can hardly reach a perfect state.
3. We must realize that seeking approval is more a desire than a necessity of life. We are all willing to win applause and praise.
4. The examination can prove the proficiency of the learner in using one language. Passing
a language test is more than just motivating your self-esteem in language.
5. Before deciding what kind of risk level will produce acceptable influence on society and economy, they need to understand the level of the whole risk faced by people in daily life as well as the safe level achieved by them through endeavor.
8.
单选题
（）his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.
问题1选项
A.But for
B.According to
C.For all
D.Thanks to
【答案】C
【解析】句意:尽管他有一定的知识和学术背景，但是从根本上来说他还是很笨的。

考查短语辨析。

but for 要不是，如果没有；according to 按照，根据；for all 尽管，虽然；thanks to由于，幸亏。

根据后半句句意“从根本上来说他还是很笨的”可知前半句表示让步，故选C项。

9.
翻译题
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual.
2. Like the stone of Roman wall, which were held together both by the regular design and by the powerful Roman cement, the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive entity by physical, organizational, and psychological controls.
3. When this kind of damaging activity is carried out online, how can the offender ever be held accountable for their actions when they are almost entirely untraceable in a virtual world?
4. The harmony of man and nature in the flow of the great stream of rhythm makes the Chinese garden more than something merely secular. It is true that no one would look upon the Chinese garden as a religious structure.
5. We anticipate a personal loss will be more painful than an identical gain will be pleasant, so the benefit of winning must be disproportionately large for us to take a bet.
【答案】1.人类学家在十九世纪末二十世纪初提出的最为广泛接受的理论认为戏剧是神话和仪式的产物。

2.就像通过常规设计和强有力的罗马水泥而结合在一起的罗马城墙上的石头，罗马王国的各个部分通过身体的、组织的和心理的控制而被结合成一个巨大的实体。

3.当这种破坏性活动在网上进行时，在虚拟世界中几乎完全无法追查的情况下，如何追究犯罪者的行为责任？
4.在有韵律的极好的溪流的流动中人与自然的和谐让中国园林不只是一些世俗的东西。

确实没有人会将中国园林看成是一种宗教的建筑物。

5.我们预料，相比一个完全相同的收获带来的愉快，一个人的损失带来的不快更多，因此对我们去打赌而言，获胜的好处一定是不成比例地大的。

10.
单选题
Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipments and techniques as United States firms, but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States companies. This is not the case. Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.
Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclusion. When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms. Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States. Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity.
A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more effectively: they made critical changes in United States procedures. For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been trained to
execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs. Automakers could schedule the production of different components or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active.
1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（）.
2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of Japanese automobile workers?
3.Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
4.What is the problem that is associated with the production of huge lots of cars is which of the following?
5.Which of the following statements is supported by information stated in the passage?
问题1选项
A.present the major steps of a process
B.clarify an ambiguity
C.chronicle a dispute
D.correct misconceptions
问题2选项
A.Their productivity levels did not equal those of United States automobile workers until the late seventies.
B.Their high efficiency levels are a direct result of cultural influences.
C.They operate component-specific machinery.
D.They are trained to do more than one job.
问题3选项
A.A topical theme is presented followed by supporting examples.
B.Opposing views are presented, classified and then reconciled.
C.A fact is stated, and an explanation is advanced and then refuted.
D.A theory is proposed, considered and then amended.
问题4选项
A.The need to manufacture flexible machinery and equipment
B.The need to store extra components not required for immediate use
C.The need for expensive training programs for workers, which emphasize the development of facility in several production jobs.
D.The need to alter conventional mass-production processes
问题5选项
A.Japanese and United States automakers differ in their approach to production processes.
B.Japanese automakers have perfected the use of single-function equipment.
C.Japanese automakers invest more capital per employee than do United States automakers.
D.United States-owned factories abroad have higher production levels than do Japanese owned plants in the United States.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:B
第5题:A
【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。

文章开头提出了话题: 在世界汽车行业中日本公司的生产效率最高。

第一段、第二段分别探讨了针对此话题的两种观点并一一驳斥。

第三段再提出正确观点。

因此，D项“更正错误的想法”比较能概括文章目的。

第2题:细节事实题。

最后一段指出: Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs (日本汽车制造商选择通过引入几项与美国不同的做
法，使小批量生产成为可能，包括使用灵活的设备，这些设备可以很容易地改变，以完成几项不同的生产任务，并培训从事多种工作的工人)，因此，D项“他们（即日本汽车工人）被培训去做不止一项工作”正
确。

第3题:判断推理题。

第一段先陈述事实:日本企业在世界汽车企业生产效率中达到最高水平，随后针对这个事实进行解释，最后反驳:情况不是这样。

因此，C项“陈述一个事实；接着进行解释，然后进行反驳”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。

最后一段指出: thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active (从而消除了去储存额外部件缓冲库存的需要，而该需求产生于特定的设备和工人被保持不断工作时)。

因此，B项“需要储存不被立刻需要的额外部件”正确。

第5题:细节事实题。

最后一段指出: A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more effectively: they made critical changes in United States procedures (一个更有成效的解释可能在于日本人的生产技术。

日本汽车生产商并没有简单地更有效地实施传统流程：他们在美国的做法上进行了重大的变革)，由此可知A项“日本和美国汽车制造商在他们的生产流程上有差异”正确。

11.
单选题
The students take a（）test in March, and the main exam is in July.
问题1选项
A.previous
B.preliminary
C.preceded
D.elementary
【答案】B
【解析】句意:学生们在三月份参加初试，正式考试在七月份
考查形容词辨析。

previous 先前的；preliminary 初步的，预备的；preceded 前面的；elementary 初步的，基本的。

由后面句子关键词“正式考试”可知这里指“初试”，故选B。

12.
单选题
Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy （） for her examination.
问题1选项
A.to prepare
B.to be prepared
C.preparing
D.being prepared
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。

be busy in doing sth.表示“忙于做某事”，因此C项正确。

句意：Jean昨晚没有时间去听音乐会是因为她忙着准备她的考试。

13.
单选题
Lately, the restaurant chain, which（）mainly to blue-collar diners, has been hurt by competition.
问题1选项
A.caters
B.fabricates
C.facilitates
D.flees
【答案】A
【解析】句意:最近，这家主要面向蓝领食客的连锁餐厅由于竞争而遭受损失。

考查动词辨析。

cater 迎合;满足需要；fabricate 伪造;facilitate 帮助; 促进；flee 逃跑。

根据题干关键词restaurant “餐馆”及blue-collar dinner“蓝领用餐者”可知A符合句意。

14.
单选题
You must insist that students give a truthful answer（）with the reality of their world.
问题1选项
A.relevant
B.simultaneous
C.consistent
D.practical
【答案】C
【解析】句意:你必须要求学生给出真实的、与现实一致(符合现实)的答案。

考查形容词辨析。

relevant 相关的，有价值的，常与介词to搭配;simultaneous 同时发生的；consistent 一致的，常构成短语be consistent with 与…一致，与…共存的；practical 实际的。

题干中的介词是with，因此C项符合句意跟搭配。

15.
单选题
The （）stuck on the envelope says “By Air”.
问题1选项
A.diagram
bel
C.signal
D.mark
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项diagram“图表；图解”；B选项label“标签；商标”；C选项signal“ 信号；暗号；导火线”；D选项mark“标志；马克；符号”。

句意：信封上粘贴的标签说是“航空邮件”。

信封上粘贴的应该是标签，故选B。