考研英语(二)完形填空科普科研类高分特训25篇(基础篇)【圣才出品】

第5章科普科研类高分特训25篇
基础篇
Test 1
What’s your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you 1 thunders or watched a television program? Adults seldom 2 events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three of four 3 retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been 4 by psychologists for this “Childhood amnesia”. One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain, which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature 5 about the age of two. But the most popular theory 6 that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot 7 childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or 8 —one event follows 9 as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental 10 for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don’t find any that fits the 11 . It’s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English Dictionary.
Now psychologist Annette Simmons of the New York State University offers a new 12 for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply 13 any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use 14 spoken descriptions of their personal experiences in order to turn their own
short-term, quickly 15 impressions of them into long-term memories. In other 16 , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about 17 —Mother talking about the afternoon 18 looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this 19 reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form 20 memories of their personal experiences.
1. A. listened B. felt C. touched D. heard
2. A. involve B. interpret C. recall D. resolve
3. A. largely B. rarely C. merely D. really
4. A. canceled B. figured C. proposed D. witnessed
5. A. until B. once C. after D. since
6. A. magnifies B. intervenes C. contains D. maintains
7. A. reflect B. attain C. access D. refer
8. A. narratives B. forecasts C. regulations D. descriptions
9. A. the rest B. another C. the other D. others
10. A. outputs B. dreams C. flashes D. files
11. A. footstep B. pattern C. frame D. landscape
12. A. emphasis B. arrangement C. explanation D. factor
13. A. aren’t B. weren’t C. isn’t D. wasn’t
14. A. anyone else B. anyone else’s C. some else D. someone else’s
15. A. forgotten B. remembered C. forgetting D. remembering
16. A. senses B. cases C. words D. means
17. A. him B. theirs C. it D. them
18. A. used B. chosen C. taken D. spent
19. A. habitual B. verbal C. pretty D. mutual
20. A. permanent B. conscious C. subordinate D. spiritual
「文章大意」
本文主要阐述了童年期记忆遗忘的原因。

一些人认为孩子在两岁之前，大脑区域中负责记忆的海马状突起还没有成熟。

但是普遍接受的理论是成年人的思考方式与孩子不同，成年人用语言来思考，他们的生活记忆就像小说或者电影的故事一样一件事接着另一件事。

现在又增加了一种新的解释，即根本就没有早期的儿童记忆，也就是儿童们需要学会利用别人对自己的经历的口头描述来把短期记忆转化成长期记忆。

「词汇装备」
hippocampus [7hipE5kAmpEs] n. 海马状突起(主要由灰白质构成，在泛记过程中起主要作用)
reinforcement [7ri:in5fC:smEnt] n. 增强，加固
amnesia [Am5ni:zjE] n. 健忘症
「答案详解」
1.D 需填词与thunder“雷声”构成动宾搭配，因此heard“听到”是最佳选择。

2.C 文章前两句都是在讲记忆，其空格之后是events much earlier than the year or so
before entering school“比上学以前更早的事”，因此此处应是与之对应的“回想”
的意思，recall“回想起，记起”，符合句义。

3.B just as提示后面的情况与前面的情况类似，前面是成年人seldom回想起比上学更早
的事，需填词的含义与seldom对应。

故rarely“很少地”为正确答案。

4.C 需填词与explanations构成动宾搭配，propose“提出”为最佳选择。

witness“目
睹，作证”。

5.A 句意：……直到一两岁才能成熟。

本题答案是until，与前面的not构成no t…until…
结构。

因此，A项为正确答案。

6.D that从句说明的是该理论的内容，因此maintain“主张”，符合句意。

句意：最流行
的理论坚持认为……。

可见，D项为正确答案。

7.A 本文都是在讲记忆，因此此处应仍是“记忆，回想”的意思。

reflect“细想”，符合句
意，与上文呼应。

8.A or连接语义并列的两部分，故需填词应与or前面的story“故事”语义相近或相关。

narratives“叙述，故事”为最佳答案。

9.B 与前面的one搭配的应是another。

10.D output“输出；产量”。

dream“梦；愿望”。

flash“闪光，闪现”。

file“文件，档
案”。

选项A、B、C均不符合句意，本题答案是files。

句意：在心智档案中寻找儿时的记忆…。

11.B footstep“脚印”。

pattern“模式”。

frame“框架；结构”。

landscape“风景，景
色；山水画”。

前文提到Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or narratives—one event follows another as in a novel or film属于一种模式，B项为正确答案。

12.C 文章首段第六句中的“a variety of explanations”提示本题答案是explanation。

这里指一种新的解释。

13.A there be句型单复数需和be之后的名词memories保持一致，故用复数形式。

时
态为一般现在时。

14.D 句意“儿童们需要学会用别人对自己经验的口头描述来把短期记忆转化成长期记忆”。

someone else’s表示“别人的”。

15.A 由short-term memories“短期记忆”即可判断空格处是“忘记”的意思，此处应
用其过去分词形式forgotten“被遗忘”。

A项为正确答案。

16.C 由后面的描述可以看出，此句与上文表达的是同一意思，故本题答案是words。

in
other words意为“换句话说”。

17.D 这里用them指代others。

18.D 选项中可后接动名词的是spend。

spend some time doing sth. 为固定用法，表
示“花费时间做某事”。

19.B this说明空格处指代的是前面提到的内容，前问提到talk about，故此处应是verbal
“口头的，言语的”。

20.A 前文提到，儿童应该用一些方法来使短期记忆变成长期记忆，因此此处form之后应
是“长期记忆”。

permanent“永久的，永恒的”符合句意。

Test 2
You can’t buy happiness. However, it looks 1 you can at least inherit it. British and Australian researchers said.
A study of nearly 1,000 2 of identical and nonidentical twins found genes
3 half the personality traits that make people happy
4 factors such as relationships, health and careers are responsible for the rest of our well-being. “We found that around half the
5 in happiness were genetic,” said Tim Bates,
a researcher at the University of Edinburgh who led the study. “It is really quite
6 .” The researchers asked the volunteers—
7 in age from 25 to 75—a series of questions about their personality, how they worried and how satisfied they were
8 their lives. Because identical twins share the
9 genes and non-identical twins do not, the researchers could identify common genes that 10 certain personality traits and predispose people to happiness.
People who are sociable, active, stable, hardworking and conscientious 11 to be happier, the researchers reported in the journal Psychological Science. “What this study showed was12 the identical twins in a family were very similar in personality and in well-being, and 13 , the non-identical twins were only around half as similar,” Bates said. “That strongly14 genes.” The 15 are an important piece of the puzzle for researchers 16 to better understand depression and 17 makes different people happy or unhappy, Bates said.。