美国社会福利制度简介中英文对照

美国社会福利制度简介
Introduction to social welfare system American
发布于: 2007/11/04 12:58 am
Published: 2007/11/04 12:58 am
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社会福利是日常生活不可或缺的一部分，美国的社会福利制度相当全面完善。

了解美国的社会福利制度，有助于您在移民后合理地利用于自己有利的福利措施，争取和保障自己应有的权益。

Social welfare is an indispensable part of our daily life, America social welfare system is veryperfect. To understand the America social welfare system, help you after the migration toexploit for their favorable welfare measures, strive for and protect their
own rights.
美国现行的社会福利制度是从1936年社会安全法案(Social Security Act)实行之后，逐步完善起来的。

社会安全法案包含如下几类福利措施：
America current social welfare system is from the social security act
of 1936 (Social SecurityAct) after the introduction, gradually improve. The Social Security Act contains the followingbenefits:
1、联邦社会保险
1, the social insurance
联邦社会保险是为就职人士设立的，在职或曾经工作过的本人及其家属都可参加，主要包括退休金 (Retirement Benefits)、抚恤金(Survivor’s Benefits)、伤残金(Disability Benefits)和医疗福利(Medicare Benefits)等。

Federal insurance office is set up for the people, working or have worked for himself and his family can participate
in, including pension, pension (Retirement Benefits) (Survivor 'sBenefits) (Disability Benef its), disability benefits and health benefits (Medicare Benefits).
2、失业补助金( Unemployment Compensation)
2, the unemployment subsidy (Unemployment Compensation)
只要是遭辞退失业的，不管有无积蓄都可申请。

一般补助期是6至9个月，按各州不同情况可能会有所延长。

As long as the laid-off unemployed, regardless of whether the savings can
apply. Generalgrant period is 6 to 9 months, according to the different states that may be extended.
3、公共援助金(public assistance)
3, public assistance (public assistance)
专为低收入或无收入的失明者、老人、残障者及无收入的家庭而设。

由州政府按各自生活条件发放，申请者将接受调查以证明有申领资格。

Designed for low income or no income and blind, elderly, disabled and no income families.Issued by the state government according to their living conditions, the applicant will be investigated to prove eligibility.
4、孕妇与儿童福利
4, maternal and child welfare
为保护和增进孕妇及儿童的健康而设，并不分派现金，而是提供健康服务。

For the protection and promotion of maternal and child health, is not distributable cash, but to provide health services.
社会安全法案是全国性的，为保障所有人的权益而设立。

除公共援助金外，大部分福利措施是不论贫富人人皆得的。

值得一提的是，社安局规定，领取社会安全金的人员不一定要住在美国境内，以方便生活在海外的退休人士。

The social security act is a national, set up to protect the interests of all. In addition to public assistance, the majority of welfare measures for all irrespective of who have. It is worth mentioning that, the provisions of the social security board, to receive social security payments for personnel do not live in the USA territory, in order to facilitate the retirees living abroad.
除了社会安全法案所包括的上述福利政策之外，美国还有很多涉及生活、工作各个方面的社会福利，比较常见的有以下几类：
In addition to the welfare policy, including the social security act, there are a lot
of life, USArelates to all aspects of the work of social welfare, the more common are the following categories:
一、工作保险
One, job security
1、失业保险金 (unemployment Insurance)
1, unemployment insurance (unemployment Insurance)
失业保险金是一种保险制度。

每月从受保人工资中扣除部分来投保，受保人一旦失业即可
获赔，获赔金额一般是原工资的一半。

Unemployment insurance is an insurance system. Monthly wages from the insured to the insured, once the insured unemployment can be compensated, the amount
awarded is half of the original salary.
2、工人赔偿金( Worker’s Compensation Program)
2, workers' compensation (Worker 's Compensation Program)
由雇主向州政府或保险公司投保，工人因工受伤即可申领。

具体赔偿金额和时期由雇主所
交的保费多少而定，同时也能报销一定的医疗费用。

工人赔偿金非美籍人士亦可申请，且
不会影响他日转换身份或入籍。

By the employer to the state government or insurance companies, workers can apply for work-related injuries. The specific amount of compensation and pay the premium by the employerduring the period of the number, but also the medical
expense reimbursement. Workers' compensation non Americans can also apply, and will not affect the future conversion status or citizenship.
3、州立伤残保险金（State Disability Insurance）
3, state disability insurance (State Disability Insurance)
全美只有加州、纽约州、新泽西州、夏威夷和波多黎各设有此类保险金，专为因短期疾病
暂不能工作的人员而设。

换言之，受保人在得病期间必须是受雇的，复原后重新开始工作，保险金就停止赔付。

The only California, New York, New Jersey, Hawaii and Puerto Rico have such insurance,designed for short-term illness temporarily unable to work due to the staff. In other words, the insured in the sick must be employed, and begin again the work
of restoration, stop lossinsurance.
二、生活补助 (Public Service for Low Income Persons)
Two, living allowance (Public Service for Low Income Persons)
1、粮食券( Food Stamp)
1, food coupons (Food Stamp)
美国联邦农业部拨款给州政府发放粮食券，只可换取美国出产的农作物，不能换取金钱，
以救济收入低微的家庭。

不过该补助只限美国公民。

Ministry of agriculture, the federal funding for the state government USA issued food stamps,only in exchange for American produce, not for money, to the relief of low
income families. But the benefit is limited to American citizens.
2、学校提供的廉价或免费膳食(School Lunch Program)
2, the school provides a cheap or free diet (School Lunch Program)
这是政府为保证学童的身体健康而设立的全国性营养膳食计划。

非美籍人士也可受益。

This is the government set up to ensure the health of school children's nutrition diet
plan. Non American people can also benefit.
3、家居能源补助计划(Home Energy Assistance Program)
3, Home Furnishing Energy Assistance Program (Home Energy Assistance Program)
专为低收入家庭减轻煤电费用而设，非美籍人士也能享受。

能源补助除帮助支付煤电费外，还可代为修理暖炉、煤气管等相关暖气设备。

Designed for low income families to reduce the cost of a coal, non Americans can
enjoy.Energy subsidies in addition to help pay the electricity fees, but also to repair the stove, gas pipes and other related heating equipment.
4、廉价公共房屋(Public Low Income Housing)
4, cheap public housing (Public Low Income Housing)
这项福利有公共房屋、津贴房屋、租金津贴和廉价屋四种形式，申请人必须年满62岁或
收入低微，其中一些房屋补助要求同时满足这两个条件。

The welfare of public housing, subsidized housing, rent subsidies and affordable
housing in four forms, the applicant must be 62 years of age or low
income, some housing subsidyrequired to meet these two conditions simultaneously. 三、.医疗补助
Three, Medicaid.
1、医药补助(Medicaid)
1, medical assistance (Medicaid)
不同于医疗保险，医药补助是一个保健计划，专为收入低微的家庭设立，可以同时享受医疗保险，但只限于美国公民。

Different from the medical insurance, medical benefits, is a health care plan, designed for low income families to set up, you can also enjoy medical insurance, but
only USA citizens.
2、家中照顾计划(In Home Support Service)
2, home care program (In Home Support Service)
由联邦、州和县政府联合负担，为65岁以上老人、失明者或残障人士提供家务和非医务性的照顾，使得受益人能在家安全地生活，无须住进养老院或公共医疗机构。

The United States and the federal government, the burden
of housework, provide and non-medical care for the elderly over the age of 65, the
blind and the disabled, the beneficiary can live safely in the home, do not live in nursing homes or public medical institutions.
一个国家的福利制度是个相当庞大而复杂的系统，三言两语很难叙述周到。

本文只是给予读者一个了解美国社会福利的平台，能使您在做移民或留学美国的决策时有一个参考，仅此而已。

A country's welfare system is a huge and complex system, it is difficult to describe in two words or three weeks. This is just to give the reader an understanding of USA social welfare platform, can make you have a reference in the immigrant or study
abroad America decisions,That's it.
福利制度缺点
在提供社会福利计划方面美国已经比其他发达国家落后。

例如，第一个社会保障制度是19世纪80年代在德国首创的，比美国1935年开始实行这个制度早了大约50年。

考虑到美国比较富裕，这一落后就令人吃惊了。

根据威伦斯基（Harold
L.
Wilensky，1975）的跨国研究，他认为：“我们对全国福利计划的支持止步不前，我们对享受不到特权的人的服务的管理水平很低。

”/>/>公共社会支出（public
social
expenditure）占国内生产总值（GDP）的比重，美国比大多数欧洲国家都要低（社会支出包括养老金、保健、教育、失业保险以及家庭补贴（family allowance），其中大部分项目并不仅限于穷人）。

美
国1981年社会支出占GDP的21%，而荷兰当年社会
计划支出占GDP的36.1%，居世界第一。

其他一些国
家的比例是：瑞典33.5%，意大利29.1%，英国
24.9%，法国23.8%（《经济合作组织与发展观察家》，1984年1月）。