代词.ppt

初中语法大全
第一章词法 英语有十大词类或词性，每个单词都具有一 种或多种词性，不同的词性在句子中要充当不 同的句子成分——主语、谓语、表、宾语、补 语、定语、状语、同位语。掌握好词性是学好 语法的关键。
十大词类名称如下：
光 明 代 幸 福 连 接 数 数 词 感 感叹 词 动 动词 冠词 名词 代词 形容 副词 连词 介词 词 art n. pron. adj. adv.
conj. prep. num. interj. v.
代词:
用来代替名词、数词、形容词等其它词类或现 象的词叫代词。 代词为实词，在句中可充当与名词相似的成 分——主语、宾语、定语、表语等。 代词按意义、特征、语法功能可分为下列9类：
人 称 代 词
主格 宾格
I me
you you
he him
she her
its
它的
our
我们 的
your
你们 的
their
他们 的
例：他是我的父亲。 He is my father. 我是她的老师。 I am her teacher. 我们是他们的同学。 We are their classmates.
宾格：放在动词或动词词组后做宾语。
me 我
you 你
him 他
her 她
第三人称的反身代词由宾格+ self/ selves 构成
不确定人称的反身代词one 也有反身代词oneself 反身代词与它指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、 性别上要保持一致。 反身代词可作宾语、表语、同位语、但不能作主语。
2.反身代词的作用及用法
①作同位语。反身代词可以作主语或宾语的同位语。
否定句：（在系动词（am/is/are）的后加not=（不）”
I am not a student.
He is not (isn’t) a student.
She is not (isn’t) a student.
We are not (aren’t) students.
疑问句： is/are放句首。表示“是……吗”
our selves
your selves
them selves
相 互 代 词 指 示 代 词 不 定 代 词
意 为 each other, one another “ 互 相” 意 this 为 these “ 这\ 那” 不 确 定 的 指 代 人 或 物 that those
some, any, one, another, other, the other, no, none, all, both, many, much, few, a few, a little, little, each, every, either, neither, someone, anyone, something, anything, somebody, everybody, everything, nothing 等。
疑问词组: What time what day what color what class/grade how old, how many, how much, how long, how often, how far, how soon.........
用法一、把疑问词放在句首，再把此句改成一般疑问句。 用法二、疑问代词，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语和定语。
疑 问 代 词
带有 疑问 what，which，who, whom, whose-----疑问代词 语气 where, when, how, why------------------ 疑问副词 what time, what day, what color, what class\grade, how old, how many, how much, how long, how often, how far, how soon-------疑问词组 引导 名词 性从 that, which, who, whom, whose-----连接代词 where, when, why, how--------------连接副词 句
她
it
它
we
我们
you
你们
they
他们
am（第一人称单数） I am are(第二人称和所有的复数) you/we/they 系动词be
is(第三人称单数)
he /she / it is
肯定句：
例1：I am a student. She is a student. They are workers. He is a student. We are doctors.
it it
we us
you you
they them
物 主 代 词
形容 词性 名词 性
my
your
hisቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
her
its
our
your
their
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
反 身 代 词
指代 某人 自己
myself yourself himself herself itself
注：技巧：第一人称改成第二人称 I am a student. Are you a student? He is a student. Is he a student? We are doctors. Are you doctors?
所有格：放在名词前作定语。
my
我的
your
你的
his
他的
her
她的
①主语：
Who clean the classroom? (cleaned 是动词，动词之前who做主语)
②宾语：
Whom did you see last week? (Whom做动词see 的宾语)
③定语：
Which story-book do you like? This one or that one? (story-book “故事书”是名词。which 修饰名词作定语)
①主语：
My book is on the desk. Yours is on the chair and hers is in the desk. (yours=your book hers=her book)
②表语：
The cat under the desk is hers. (hers=her cat)
例： I myself did that. I did that myself. Tom’s mother taught him herself. The walk itself is not easy.散步本身并不容易。
②作动宾。可用反身代词作宾语的常见的词有buy，cut，dress，
dry，enjoy，help, hide, hurt, introduce, make, teach, wash. 例：Jack taught himself how to make a home page. The family enjoyed themselves very much last night. Please help yourself to some fruit.
hers its 名词 mine yours his 性 句子成分：1.动词本身做谓语。 3.动词之后作宾语。 4.系动词之后作表语。 5.修饰名词做定语。
2.动词之前做主语
用法： 形容词性的物主代词放在名词前作定语。 例：He is my teacher. 名词性的物主代词可做主语、宾语、表语、定语。
it 它
us 我们
you 你们
them 他们
例：I saw him in the street yesterday. Her father gave her much money.
第二章
我的 你的 形容 词性 my your
物主代词(分为名词性和形容词性)
他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 his her its our ours your yours 他们的 their theirs
③宾语：
I left my call phone at home. May I use yours? (yours=your call phone) ④ 与of 构成短语做定语： I met a friend of mine on my way home.
第三章 疑问代词(带有疑问语气)
主格 who what which 宾格 whom what which 所有格 whose what which
连 接 代 词
关 系 代 词
引导 定于 从句 that, which, who, whom, whose, as------关系代词 when, where, why---------------------------关系副词
第一章 人称代词
主格: 放于句首动词之前做主语
I
我
you
你
he
他
she
④表语：
What is that?
(what作系动词is 的表语)
⑤宾语：
Which do you want to buy? (which 做动词buy的宾语)
1.反身代词分类 表示“我(们)自己， 你(们)自己， 他/她/它(们)自己”的词 叫做反身代词。 第二人称的反身代词由形代+ self/ selves构成
③作介宾
例：I think I should be allowed to make decision for myself. The old woman often talks to herself. She cooked the whole meal by herself.