CAP-XX产品介绍

合集下载

CAPA(制药)

（潜在）不符合发现
是原因是否明确
无
是
是否有
文件支持
无
发现人10分钟内汇报
按文件规定执行
CAPA(制药)
QA主管指定人员启动CAPA程序
六．工作程序
1. （潜在）不符合内容的填写：
经QA主管确认后，发现人或指定人员在一个小时内填写
好《纠正措施与预防措施报告5132》信息来源及（潜在）不符合内容描述，内容包括：
4. 原因不明的（潜在）不符合调查：
对于无程序文件支持后续处理的（潜在）不符合，因原因尚不明确需要开展调查的，QA主管应在《纠正措施与预防措施报告5132》中明确指定调查人、调查期限，调查人调查结束应形成（潜在）不符合调查报告附入本报告中。
CAPA(制药)
六．工作程序
AR
调查内容包括：
（1）收集涉及问题相关的数据、信息，如：设备、人员、工艺、设计、文件、供应商、生产过程、培训、软件、财务、检验数据、文献资料等，以附件形式记录调查内容，附入《纠正措施与预防措施报告 5132》；
CAPA
纠正措施与预防措施标准操作规程
CAPA(制药)
当问完5个为什么后……
问题：
＆车间地面发现油污
5个为什么 →为什么地面上有油污？
因为其上方一管道连接处的垫圈渗漏
→为什么垫圈渗漏？
最近购买的一批质量不好
→为什么没发现购买垫圈的质量不好？
因为该供应商的报价最低
→为什么采购部门采购报价最低的垫圈？
批准的意见作为CAPA的终审执行意见；（7）质量信息管理员负责将已批准的《纠正措施与预防
措施报告5132》复印分发至相关执行部门和确认人。
CAPA(制药)

CAP认证材料

CAP认证核心：保证和提高实验室质量是CAP认证的宗旨。

保障患者安全、员工安全以及环境安全是CAP质量管理的目标，也是CAP评审检查要点的核心内容。

CAP将保障患者安全列为首位，并制定了五条明确的分析前和分析后的患者安全目标：1.在标本采集、分析和结果传送时要正确识别病人和标本；2.确认危胁生命或改变生活的结果并进行沟通，如肿瘤、HIV或其它感染、细胞遗传学异常和危象值等；3.正确识别、沟通和纠正错误；4.提高医疗机构内各部门（如护理和行政等）与实验室的协调合作性以确保病人安全；5.实验室的质量管理文件中必须着重强调这些目标,并建立相应的质量监测指标.那么,CAP 是如何保障患者安全、员工安全以及环境安全的呢？一、要建立标准化的操作规程（SOP）和完善的实验室管理制度（GOP）所有试验和仪器设备（显微镜和离心机等也包括在内）都需要编写SOP，可以参照当前所使用的试剂或仪器说明书来编写。

SOP内容应包括:实验名称、书写/生效日期、概述、原理、试剂、标本要求、仪器校正程序、质量控制程序、操作步骤、计算、结果分析、干扰、影响因素及局限性、正常参考范围、危象值、试验的特异性和敏感度、注意事项、参考文献和审核日期及签名。

除SOP文件外，还要依据CAP要求、医院和政府法律、法规编写GOP。

GOP内容要涵盖实验室一般要求的所有内容，如实验室质量管理制度、生物安全防护制度、意外事故处理制度、文件管理制度和结核暴露预案等等。

另外在编写文件时还要创建相关记录表格,如仪器状态记录表、试剂新旧批号/批次比对记录表、仪器维护保养记录表、员工培训记录表、消毒记录表、纠正措施表、文件学习记录表、专业技能测试表和技能改进措施表等等.无论是GOP还是SOP,其编写的基本原则是“写你所做的，做你所写的”.也就是说，书写的内容要与实际操作保持一致。

科室负责人必须对所有文件进行审核批准且每位实验室人员均学习签字后才能生效.任何生效的文件如需修改，均须填写文件修改记录表,从而确保了当前所使用的文件是最新版本。

拜复乐治疗CAP最优的选择护理课件

代谢与排泄
莫西沙星主要通过肝肾代谢，约50%的药物以原形从尿中排出，其余部分则为代谢产物。
03
拜复乐治疗CAP的临床研究
拜复乐治疗CAP的有效性研究
总结词
拜复乐在治疗CAP方面表现出显著的有效性，能够显著缩短病程，减轻症状，提高治愈率。
详细描述
多项临床研究均表明，拜复乐在治疗社区获得性肺炎（CAP）方面具有显著疗效。与传统的抗生素相比，拜复乐能够更快速地控制感染症状，缩短病程，提高治愈率。
拜复乐治疗CAP最优的选择护理课件
contents
目录
• CAP的概述 • 拜复乐的药物特性 • 拜复乐治疗CAP的临床研究 • 拜复乐治疗CAP的护理方案 • 拜复乐治疗CAP的患者的教育 • CAP的预防与控制
01
CAP的概述
CAP的疾病定义
CAP：社区获得性肺炎（Community-Acquired Pneumonia）是指在医院外罹患的感染性肺实质炎症，包括具有明确潜伏期的病原体感染而在入院后平均潜伏期内发病的肺炎。
拜复乐的药物成分
莫西沙星
拜复乐的主要成分是莫西沙星，属于氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物。
辅料
拜复乐中还含有一些辅料，如甘露醇、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钾等，这些辅料有助于药物的稳定性和溶解性。
拜复乐的药理作用
抑制DNA旋转酶
莫西沙星通过抑制细菌的DNA旋转酶，从而阻断细菌DNA的复制和转录，达到杀菌作用。
广谱抗菌
由于莫西沙星的作用机制独特，对多种细菌均有良好的抗菌活性，包括肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、流感嗜血杆菌等常见病原体。
拜复乐的药物代谢
口服吸收
拜复乐口服后吸收迅速，通常在给药后1-2小时内达到血药峰浓度。

CAP-XX+Automotive+Capability+Statement翻译

CAP-XX 超级电容器汽车功能说明CAP-XX 超级电容器——先进的电源解决方案创新奖被世界经济论坛授予技术进步奖超级电容器纳米技术被评为年度技术创新奖CAP-XX 圆柱型超级电容器超级电容器功率为传统电池的100倍超级电容器储存的能量是普通电容器的1000倍超级电容器到底特殊在哪？·高能量、高功率、体积小并且质量轻；·通过将介于电池和传统电容器之间的功率联系起来，解决了设备中的功率问题；·可依据负荷的要求以平均功率源支持来传递脉冲功率。

质量轻的特点CAP-XX超级电容器融入了专有技术，使得集成后的电容量大于1F，并具有较低的等效串联电阻（小于100毫欧），这种产品具有很高的能量密度和功率密度，但质量、体积却很小（体积为：17×28.5×0.7mm，0.6克）。

特点概括·通过最大限度地减少在高电流脉冲中的电压降延长运行时间；·可以使电器及噪音产生的电流脉冲最小化；·使用温度范围宽泛（-30℃~+85℃）；·适用于质量及体积均较小的电子产品；·能满足复杂环境的要求CAP-XX超级电容器能满足电子产品较大范围的功率要求CAP-XX超级电容器在设计过程中利用纳米技术，制造的碳电极体积比一张邮票还要小，但获得的面积能达到几百平方米。

由于其比表面积大的特性，所以超级电容器在较小的尺寸范围内就可以获得较大的比能量和比功率。

第三页翻译：为消费性电子产品提供能量CAP-XX超级电容器在消费类电子产品中解决了电池功率及其它性能的限制，用其特有的功能可以快速储存和释放大量能量，超电容器在设备功率需求和电池有限功率之间架起了一道桥梁。

我们已经看到了有和没有超级电容器驱动的LED卡两种情况下智能手机的差异。

多达10个摄像头的照相机在超级电容器驱动下可以很好地工作，而没有超级电容器则难以实现。

第四页翻译：商务型电子产品在商务型电子设备中，超电容器具有大容量、低内阻特性，这能更好的满足消费类产品的需求，并且具有较好的价格竞争性。

施耐德 APC 中小IT空间及HBN产品合集产品介绍说明书

场景：
风电行业
客户需求：价值及适应性产品：SURT， SRC
Wind Power
● 行业特点：风电行业为新兴的能源行业，集中在三北和沿海省份 UPS使用场所具有低温、高湿，高海拔、盐雾等特点 ● 对UPS的要求：负载多为工业控制系统，要求UPS为纯在线式机型，没有切换时间。功率段约为1000~3000VA。标机。根据控制柜规格，对UPS外观尺寸有特定要求，总体要求UPS尺寸小。具备干结点控制功能。
管理性强
电源工作状态易管理显示远程管理环境监控运行时间可管理小功率可集中可分布式电源保护环境管理功能
整体解决方案
APC可提供从中小IT空间到大型、超大数据中心的全方位基础物理设施解决方案。包括：电源、电池、配电、机柜、制冷及管理监控。
APC by Schneider Electric
● 推荐提供方案：
SURT或SRC系列 1000~3000VA标机 + AP9610干结点卡
APC by Schneider Electric
场景：
海事行业
客户需求：价值及适应性产品：SURT船用UPS
应用
SOLAS 应用
导航和通讯系统
在船上的位置
小型技术室/柜
小型技术室/柜
功率 (kVA)
1-6
典型环境
场景：
分布式网络（服务器机房/网络配线间）
如：金融机构网点、电信基站、营业厅、中小企业机房、大型公司分支办公室适用产品：Mini-ISX解决方案， Smart系列，SURT系列， SRC系列， Symmetra LX系列
１）多采用机架式UPS, 对延时时间会有一定的要求.可以考虑机架式原装电池包或者Smart长延时电池解决方案。

CAP-XX超级电容使大功率应用成为可能

ｌ专题报道ＩｅｔｒｅｏｔａｕｅＲｐｒＦ
ＣＰＸＡ — Ｘ超级电容使大功率应用成为可能
－ＡＰｘ（Ｃ — ｘ澳大利亚Ｊ私人有限公司质量及应用工程副总裁ｌＰｅｒｒｌｉｒＭａｓｅ
由于消费者和工业用户越来越依赖手持设备时可达到ｏ１．２．Ｆ，储能密度可达２焦耳）为一５如智能手机、坚固型ＰＤＡ等，他们在各个功能层身。
常小于１０欧）和极高的电容量（常在５流限制为１，电池为３７０毫通ＶＡ．Ｖ，当超级电容的初始
２２．００１１
Ｃ１Ｍ日ｌ专题报道ｌｅｔｒｅｏｔａｕｅＲｐｒＦ
表１一些适用的限流ＩＣ
超级电容的功率缓冲作用
的技术。它集极低的等效串联电阻（Ｓ（ＥＲ）通
的压过池，会流电。１一电高电时不回进池表是
热限制也非常关键。如果ＧＷ２９０的充电电
超级电容是一种近１年来才出现的比较新些适用的限流Ｉ０Ｃ。
峰值功率驱动日益复杂的移动应用。设计师可率的系统。这种特性可以使电池无需容来满足所有设备的
出，延长电池使用时间和电池寿命，或者使一
峰值功率需求，而无需因为手持设备的轻薄设些超出电池功率的应用得以实现。
光、视频应用和电池热交换 —— 而后通过电池常诱人。但是，让我们考虑一下通常用来支持以平均功率充电。消费者将得到更长的电池使ＧＰ传输的ｃＡＰｘｘ的Ｇｗ２９级电容。它Ｒｓ・０超

美爱克产品资料

引自: Yonghong Yang, P2-015，10th WPCCID，2006
美爱克的总体特征
2、抗菌活性强细菌学清除结果
（2001-2002年美爱克上市后临床试验）
致病菌种类革兰阳性菌
肺炎链球菌金黄葡萄球菌链球菌属
株数 45 13 14 18 107 19 24
清除 44 13 14 17 103 19 24
流感嗜血杆菌肺炎链球菌 (74,80,122) β内酰胺酶(+) (27) 0.063 0.063 1 1 16 2 8 β内酰胺酶(-) (23) 0.016 0.063 0.5 0.5 2 1 4
化脓性链球菌 (54) 0.031 0.125 0.063 0.031 0.5 0.031 256
≤0.06 0.25 0.5 ≤0.06 1
0.25 1 1 2 0.25
头孢泊肟
(搏拿)
头孢特仑
(富山龙)
头孢地尼
(希福尼)
美爱克的总体特征
2、抗菌活性强
4种头孢类药物对临床分离致病菌的MIC90值
(2001-2002年美爱克上市后临床试验结果)
MIC90(mg/ml)
256 128 头孢氨苄 64 32 头孢克洛（希刻劳） 16 8 4 2 头孢呋辛（西力欣） 1 0.5 0.25 0.125 头孢妥仑（美爱克） 0.063 0.031 菌株数 14 18 18 24 34 金黄葡萄球菌肺炎链球菌流感嗜血杆菌副流感嗜血肺炎克雷伯 MSSA 杆菌杆菌
20
40
60
80
100 （％）
76.4 93.3 85.4 83.2 83.9 100 98.2 92.6 88.9 95.9 92.6 91.9 86.3 91.6 75 90 85.7 88.6

欣姿伴侣保健品新产品功能介绍

欣姿伴侣保健品新产品介绍一、柏泰软胶囊 (零售价格86元/瓶)1、产品特点：又名护肝宝、醒酒灵、运用进口工艺和生产设备，提取多种保肝护肝有效成份精制而成的特殊保健食品；有效降低酒精及有害物质对肝脏的伤害。

2、保健功能：辅助治疗化学性肝。

3、适宜人群：经常饮酒的人群；经常熬夜、作息不规律的人群；肝功能受损的人群；经常在有污染环境下工作的人群。

4、服用方法：每日2次，每次2粒。

5、规格：60粒/瓶。

二、柏舒软胶囊（零售价格138元/瓶）1、产品特点：本品采用超临界二氧化碳萃取的技术，提取菊花、三七、杜仲叶等天然植物的有效成份，经特殊工艺精制而成，全国独创的科学配方，各种营养物质的合理搭配，是市场上独一无二的预防高血压的营养保健食品。

2、保健功能：辅助降血压。

3、适宜人群：高血压的人群；有脑出血风险的患者；需预防心脑血管疾病的人群。

4、服用方法：每日2次，每次2粒。

5、规格：60粒/瓶。

三、柏康（大豆异黄酮）软胶囊（零售价格86元/瓶）1、采用超临界技术从非转基因大豆中萃取有效成分，保存了其全部生理活性。

改善了钙在体内的吸收，大大增强了钙的生物活性，效果更加明显。

具有增强骨密度，加强骨的坚硬度，补钙不沉淀的特性。

针对人群：2、保健功能：增加骨密度缓解更年期综合症、保持人体雌激素平衡3、适宜人群：缓解更年期综合症、保持人体雌激素平衡；防治骨质疏松症，预防心脑血管疾病、调节血压、降低胆固醇；抗癌症；抗氧化作用。

3、服用方法：每日2次，每次2粒。

6、规格：60粒/瓶。

四、柏健软胶囊（零售价格118元/瓶）1、产品特点：本品以西北高原野生沙棘为主要原料，经二氧化碳超临界萃取技术，提取有效成分。

具有超强抗氧化作用，抗癌活性，并有明显的辅助治疗作用。

同时能有效抗辐射、抗炎生肌、同时沙棘油对口腔溃疡、胃溃疡的治疗作用非常明显。

2、保健功能：抗氧化3、适宜人群：高血脂及相关倾向的亚健康者；体弱多病、免疫能力低下者；心血管疾病患者；胃肠功能紊乱者；需降低血脂和血液黏度者；需调节人体免疫功能者。

武汉生之源生物科技股份有限公司产品推荐手册说明书

武汉生之源生物科技股份有限公司WUHAN LIFE ORIGIN BIOTECH JOINT STOCK CO., LTD.电话：+86-027-******** 传真：+86-27-87196320 武汉生之源生物科技股份有限公司WUHAN LIFE ORIGIN BIOTECH JOINT STOCK CO., LTD.生化类｜POCT类发光类｜PRODUCT RECOMMENDATIONS重点产品推荐手册武汉生之源生物科技股份有限公司（以下简称“生之源”或“该公司”）是一家集研发，生产和销售于一体的国家高科技企业。

作为科技驱动型企业，公司拥有国内领先的生化产品研发平台、胶乳增强免疫比浊平台、POCT产品研发平台、化学发光产品研发平台和参考实验室平台，形成由产品研发到成品销售的完整产品链。

生之源已成为在中国拥有完整IVD试剂产业链的极少数IVD试剂公司之一。

作为体外诊断试剂和科学试剂的制造商，目前，已有80多种体外诊断试剂产品关于生之源公司介绍COMPANYPROFILE 通过了CFDA注册和CE认证。

产品主要涉及的临床应用包括：肾功能，葡萄糖代谢，胰腺，肝功能，电解质，血脂，心血管，特殊蛋白质和无机离子。

生之源的目标是提供最高质量的体外诊断试剂和科研试剂，通过与优秀团队的良好合作以及高端技术人才的吸收，公司不断完善自身技术领域的技术平台，优化产品性能，以更好地满足客户的各种需求。

限公司的全资子公司，是一家专业从事体外诊断试剂研发，生产、技术服务于一体的高新技术企业，公司坐落于位于长沙——山和医药健康产业园。

公司秉持着“用生物技术为人类服务，让人类生活更美好”的美好愿景，重视产品技术实验、技术创新以及产品升级研发，致力于为诊断客户提供性能卓越的体外诊断试剂产品。

盖肝功能，肾功能，心脑血管，代谢疾病，免疫功能及炎症等多个临床应用方向，其中包括了多个前沿的创新诊疗项目，致力于为患者提供全方位的诊断服务。

CAP-XX超级电容常见问题解答

CAP-XX超级电容常见问题解答作者：必威尔科技What is a supercapacitor?Supercapacitors utilize high surface area carbon as the energy storage medium, resulting in an energy density much higher than conventional capacitors, and a power density surpassing all known types of batteries. Supercapacitors have been in production for many years but most products were designed for applications such as memory backup that need very low currents and these products have very high internal resistance, 100 ohms in many cases. CAP-XX’s proprietary technology enables supercapacitors with very low ESR or internal resistance to enable applications requiring high pulse currents. Pulse power is a particular strength of supercapacitors and the consequent markets are very broad, including mobile phones, PDAs, PCMCIA and flash cards, medical devices, PCs, digital cameras, and AMRs.How do supercapacitors and capacitors differ?A traditional capacitor has three essential parts: two electrical conductors, which are usually metal plates, separated and insulated by the third part called the "dielectric". The plates are charged with equal amounts of positive and negative electrical charge, respectively. The greater the area for storing charge (plate surface area), and the thinner the dielectric (distance separating the charged plates) the greater the capacitance. This is a "physical" storage of electricity as compared with the "chemical" storage in a battery.A supercapacitor has a very large storage area because it utilizes highly porous carbo n materials which can have greater than 2000 square meters of surface area per gram. The separation distance between the charged areas is also much less due to the use of an electrolyte to conduct the charged ions, which can butt against the porous carbon, and as such the separation distance is measured in angstroms. CAP-XX adds very low ESR through patented technology to enable many new application areas.What is the difference between power and energy?Energy is the amount of work that can be done. Power is the amount of work that is done over a specific time period. In other words, power measures how fast energy is transferred. Power is measured in watts (W), energy in Joules (J). A low ESR supercapacitor can deliver much higher power than traditional memory back up product such as Panasonic's Gold Caps.Are your supercapacitors surface mountable?CAP-XX supercapacitors are a prismatic surface mountable design. Due to the nature of the materials used special handling is needed for attachment to a PCB. A post wave solder or post IR reflow process is necessary using a soldering iron for attachment. More information on handling can be found in the ―CAP-XX Assembly Notes‖ (PDF, 53KB).Are CAP-XX supercapacitors environmentally friendly?Yes, CAP-XX supercapacitors are lead-free and contain no toxic substances, as opposed to most types of batteries, so products containing supercapacitors can be recycled without their removal. Supercapacitors have no heavy metals such as cobalt or cadmium. CAP-XX super capacitors have received Sony’s Green Partner Certification.What is the difference between an ultracapacitor, supercapacitor, and an electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC)?These are all basically the same concept as they use carbon and an electrolyte as their charge storage media and have no dielectric. EDLC is the generic name used for super- and ultra-capacitors. However there are technology and physical differences that affect operating voltage, ESR, etc.What is operating life of a supercapacitor versus a battery?The operating life of a supercapacitor is between 10 and 100 times the operational life of conventional secondary batteries.What is the failure mode of a supercapacitor?If a supercapacitor is exposed to excessive voltage or temperature for extended periods it gradually degrades to essentially an open circuit. The time taken for this to occur depends on how much over voltage or over temperature is applied. Other than physically puncturing the supercapacitor there are no short circuit failure modes. There are no catastrophic failure modes.Why do CAP-XX supercapacitors require external balancing resistors?The balancing requirements for a supercapacitor vary with application and product type so CAP-XX elected not to add internal balancing but to instead work with customers to determine the optimum solution for each system. These solutions range from a simple resistor that is suitable for most systems to an active balance circuit for more demanding applications.What temperature ranges do you offer?CAP-XX offers -30°C to +75°C and a -40°C to +85°C series of products. The higher temperature product is derived from our standard GW/GS family on a customer need basis so please contact our sales team for further information.Can CAP-XX supercapacitors be connected in series to achieve higher voltage?Yes, the GW2 and GS2 devices are essentially two of the respective devices connected in series to achieve a higher voltage. Please contact our sales team with your requirements.What is the difference between cylindrical and prismatic supercapacitors?A prismatic supercapacitor such as CAP-XX produces, consists of a number of layers that are connected in parallel. This results in a flat, very low-ESR device. A cylindrical supercapacitor is ―wound‖ into a roll and while cost effective for larger devices acylindrical device typically is larger and has higher ESR and inductance.What is the self discharge or leakage of your supercapacitors?A fully charged CAP-XX supercapacitor will typically have leakage current of under 1 micro amp. For a multi-cell devices such as the GS2/GW1 series the balance resistors will determine the total leakage rate as the resistors are typically sized such that they have a about 10 times the leakage of the supercapacitor itself. For applications requiring very low leakage CAP-XX’s application team has several active balancing circuits that can cut the total leakage current from the supercapacitor and balance circuit to less than 2 micro amps.What is the frequency response of your supercapacitors?Typically supercapacitors are used for low-frequency, less than 100Hz, applications but this is not true of all supercapacitors. CAP-XX supercapacitors can be used in pulsed applications such as GPRS and GSM with pulses= 500 µS. In fact, our supercapacitors are still very effective at pulse widths down to 100 µS. CAP-XX has found that a term we call effective capacitance or Ceff is a much better indication than a traditional frequency response plot of supercapacitor behavior in pulse power applications. Ceff reflects the percentage of DC capacitance available at a given pulse width and can be thought of the time domain representation of the frequency response curve. For a 1 millisecond pulse a typical CAP-XX supercapacitor will have approximately 50% of the DC capacitance. Ceff varies with device type and temperature so contact CAP-XX for more information.What are the key applications for CAP-XX supercapacitors?Applications which have periodic or occasional pulsed loads which draw greater power than the voltage source (battery or voltage rail such as PCMCIA/CF/USB) can comfortably deliver:GSM/GPRS from PCMCIA/CF/USB — refer to Application Briefs AB1009 (PDF, 139KB) , AB1010 (PDF, 141KB), AB1011 (PDF, 138KB)GSM/GPRS for battery operated devices such as mobile phones or PDAs, refer Application Brief AB1004 (PDF, 161KB)Pulsed loads such as GSM/GPRS for mini PCI cards, refer Application Brief AB1014 (PDF, 141KB)Pulsed loads at low temperatures where batteries have difficulty delivering the required current, refer Application Brief AB1004 (PDF, 161KB)Pulsed loads using long life batteries such as Lithium Thionyl Chloride that can only deliver low currents. Examples include Automatic Meter Reading, Toll Tags, Location Tracking DevicesDigital Still Cameras, refer Application Brief AB1012 (PDF, 117KB)Pulse power for white LEDs such as a camera flashPulse power for displays, such as screen refresh of an Organic Electroluminescent Display (OELD)Battery life extension for pulsed loads with alkaline batteriesWhat are the key parameters for measuring supercapacitors?DC CapacitanceEffective capacitance for a given pulse widthESR (Equivalent Series Resistance)Leakage currentDo I need to de-rate a supercapacitor?No. Supercapacitors are inherently safe. A minor over-voltage event that lasts a few milliseconds will not affect the supercapacitor performance. For example, if a CAP-XX supercapacitor rated at 4.5V was subjected to 5V for a few seconds, there would be no effect on the supercapacitor. You can operate a supercapacitor continuously at its rated voltage.Do your supercapacitors change size when they are charged or discharged?No, unlike a battery there are no chemical reactions that can cause our part to change size.What happens if I reverse bias a supercapacitor?Even though CAP-XX marks a polarity on our supercapacitors they are inherently anon-polarized device. However, once they have been charged the ions in the electrolyte migrate to the positive and negative electrodes. Reversing polarity causes these ions to migrate across the device and will result in an increase in ESR. There are no safety issues if a supercapacitor is reverse biased, there will be no explosion, fire, smoke, or swelling. All of our supercapacitors go though extensive testing and burn-in at voltage and as part of this process they are polarized in the manner indicated on the part.What happens if I apply excessive voltage to a supercapacitor?Supercapacitors are inherently safe. They do not contain any chemicals (such as Li) that may explode. If excessive voltage is applied to a supercapacitor all that will happen is the ESR will increase and the device may swell as a result of the electrolyte breaking down and forming gasses. There will be no explosion, fire or smoke.Are your parts shipped uncharged?Yes, the parts are discharged prior to shipment.Will static electricity damage CAP-XX supercapacitors?No. The reason for this is that even though static electricity discharges are at thousands of volts there is very little current and thus the effective energy in Joules is very low and will not damage the device. CAP-XX does ship our supercapacitors in anti-static packaging. However, this is not to protect our parts but to eliminate the possibility of our packaging materials generating static electricity when handled at the customer.How are your parts shipped to customers?CAP-XX supercapacitors are shipped in stackable anti-static trays, each tray holding 10 devices nested within cavities molded in the tray. These trays are designed so that thedevices can be removed from the tray by hand or by vacuum pens.What should I consider when using a supercapacitor in a circuit?The main issue when using a supercapacitor is inrush current when charging a discharged supercapacitor Assume you are using a CAP-XX GW201 supercapacitor (typical ESR = 80mΩ, typical C = 0.3F), and a battery pack at 3.8V with an output impedance = 150m W (typical for a Lithium-ion battery pack with protection circuit). At the instant you connect the supercapacitor across the battery pack the inrush current =3.8V/(150mΩ + 80mΩ) = 16.5A! The battery protection circuit will shut the battery pack down. After 100msecs the current would have decayed to 3.9A. CAP-XX Application Note 1002 (PDF, 312KB) has some current limiting solutions.Can CAP-XX supercapacitors be damaged by charging too fast?No. We rate out parts at 30 amps of pulse current so they can be charged at that rate. We do have charge current limit circuits available, but those are to protect the system or battery from excessive current in charging a supercapacitor. For more information, please refer to the previous question (using a supercapacitor in a circuit).How long does it take to charge a supercapacitor? Are they too big to charge between load pulses?Supercapacitors average the load as seen by the source, and average the source voltage as seen by the load. The bigger the supercapacitor, the better the averaging. It is a misconception that a supercapacitor is ―too big‖ to charge between pulses. The bigger the supercapacitor, the less it is discharged during the pulse and the less it needs to be charged between pulses. In this case, the supercapacitor acts as a low pass filter. In the case of a pulse train with an ideal supercapacitor with infinite capacitance and zero mΩ ESR, the source will see a DC current = average load current, and the Load will see a DC voltage = Source voltage at no load – source impedance x average load current.Can CAP-XX supercapacitors be bent or compressed?The supercapacitor device is hermetically sealed and bending or applying too much pressure on the device may damage the seals leading to device failure. CAP-XX supercapacitors should not be exposed to 400kPa pressure across flat surface of device (10 kg or 22lb max). CAP-XX has worked w ith customers developing ―wearable‖ devices where some flexing of the device was needed. If you have such a requirement, please contact us.Does CAP-XX offer engineering services?Yes, CAP-XX has a seasoned applications team that can assist customers in selection and application of our supercapacitors. There are also many application notes in the resources section of this Web site. Contact us about our engineering services. (end)。

OSAKA SODA CAPCELL PAK NH2液相色谱柱说明书(原资生堂)

CAPCELL PAK NH2 UG色谱柱使用说明书在此，非常感谢您选购我公司的聚合物包被型CAPCELL PAK NH2色谱柱。

CAPCELL PAK NH2是在聚合物包被后的硅胶上导入多元胺，进一步形成含有一级氨基的构造。

常用于糖类、脂溶性维生素等物质的正相或HILIC分离。

另外，作为弱阴离子交换色谱柱，在酸性流动相条件下填料表面带正电荷，适用于水溶性维生素或核苷酸类的分析。

官能团孔径粒径比表面积2C% 密度2pH范围耐压USP为了能够长期且稳定地使用色谱柱，请在熟读该使用说明书后进行正确使用。

1.色谱柱的启用每一根色谱柱在出厂前，都经过了严格的出厂测试，只有满足出厂标准方可出售。

每一根CAPCELL PAK NH2系列色谱柱的柱盒内均含有色谱柱的性能测试报告。

性能测试报告包含了色谱柱柱号，色谱柱规格，填料批次号，理论塔板数和所用的测试条件。

为了保证色谱柱的正常使用，建议在使用前检查以下事项：1.检查色谱柱包装盒是否完整，有无拆封和碰撞痕迹。

2.色谱柱标签是否与包装上的柱号、柱型相符，色谱柱两端堵头是否完整。

3.色谱柱包装盒内是否有色谱柱性能测试报告。

2.色谱柱的安装2.1安装色谱柱之前，请使用不含有缓冲盐、强酸或强碱的流动相对液相色谱系统进行冲洗置换。

2.2为尽量减少死体积，色谱柱的接头使用了外径1/16英寸配管的螺头(MALE NUT)。

请确保装置的配管接头正确连接，并且锥箍的顶端已插入接头内侧(参照图1)。

若配管不匹配，特别是直接使用其他类型色谱柱所用配管时，锥箍前端的配管长度（图1中的V）与色谱柱尾端接头的长度（图1中的L）经常会不同，因而引发故障。

若L＞V，会产生死体积，甚至出现色谱峰展宽或拖尾现象，并且分离变差。

若L＜V，由于锥箍无法密封，所以会导致漏液。

※频繁更换色谱柱，可能会导致螺头的锥箍损坏而发生漏液现象。

这种情况下若进一步拧紧，螺母的头部可能会发生断裂。

图1 色谱柱安装示意图2.3新色谱柱的保存液请参看色谱柱的性能测试报告，NH2色谱柱为纯乙腈。

业界超薄超级电容-CapX

HW207 / HW107 SUPERCAPACITORDatasheet Rev 2.0FeaturesHigh capacitance (450mF @ DC)Low ESR (100m Ω @ step change in current); High peak current High pulsed powerThin form factorTypical ApplicationsHigh power LED FlashImproved audio performance Automatic Meter ReadingPC Cards, Compact Flash Cards & USB Load levelling for PDAs & cell phonesPower support during battery contact bounceElectrical SpecificationsTable 1: Nominal CharacteristicsDevice Nominal Capacitance 1Nominal ESR 2 Tolerance about nominal valueFootprint Height Weight HW207 450mF 100m Ω ±20% 28mm x 17.5mm 3.0mm 1.5 gm HW107 900mF 50m Ω±20%28mm x 17.5mm1.45mm0.753 gm1At 23ºC DC. 2Measured using a 0.5A step in current @ 23ºC. 3To the nearest 50mgTable 2: Absolute Maximum RatingsParameter Name Conditions Min Max Units TerminalVoltageVc 5.8 VTemperature T -40 +85 °CTable 3: Electrical CharacteristicsParameter Name Conditions Min Typical Max Units TerminalVoltage Vc 5.5 VLeakage Current 3I L 5.5V, 23°C72hrs 1.7 5 µA RMSCurrent 4 I RMS 23°C 3.6 APeakCurrent 5 I P 23°C 57 A3After 72hrs @ 4.5V at 23°C. 4Continuous charge and discharge for 2min operation. 5Single pulse, non repetitive current.Definition of TermsIn its simplest form, the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of a capacitor is the real part of the complex impedance. In the time domain it can be found by applying a step discharge current to a charged capacitor as in figure 1. In this figure the supercapacitor is pre-charged and then discharged with a constant current pulse (I ). The ESR is found by dividing the instantaneous voltage step (∆V after 50µsec from start of current pulse) by I. The instantaneous capacitance (C i ) can be found by taking the inverse of the derivative of the voltage and multiplying it by I . The effective capacitance (C e ) is found by dividing the total charge removed from the capacitor (∆Q n ) by the voltage lost by the capacitor (∆V n ). Note that ∆V , or IR drop, is not included because this is the voltage drop due to ESR. C e shows the time response of the capacitor and it is useful for predicting circuit behaviour in pulsed applications.In the example of Fig 1, using an HW207, ΔV = 5.48V – 5.34V = 0.14V, I = 2.05A, so ESR = 0.14V/2.05A = 68.3m Ω. Similarly for C effective at 100µsec ΔV n = 5.34V – 5.32V = 0.02V, Δt n = 100µsec, and I = 1.97A. Therefore, C = 1.97A X 100*10-6s/0.02V = 9.85mF.55.15.25.35.45.55.6-100-5050100150200Time (µsec)V o l t a g e (V )-0.20.51.21.92.63.34C u r r e n t (A )Figure 1: Definitions for Effective Capacitance, Instantaneous Capacitance and ESRDC CapacitanceCAP-XX measures DC capacitance by charging the supercapacitor to 5.5V then disconnecting the supercapacitor from the source, and applying a constant current discharge of 100mA. At Cap-XX, capacitance is measure using the time taken for the voltage to drop from 3V to 1V, so C = 100mA x (time taken to drop from 3V to 1V) / 2V.In the example of Fig 2, for a ∆V n = 3.0V – 1.0V = 2V, the corresponding ∆t c = 9.25 – 1.69s = 7.65s. C = I X ∆t c /∆V c where I = 0.105A, therefore C = 0.105x7.56s /2.0V = 402mF.Figure 2: Measurement of CapacitanceESR MeasurementCAP-XX measures ESR by measuring the voltage drop across the supercapacitor when a current step is applied to a supercapacitor. The supercapacitor is first charged to 5.5V then disconnected from the source, and finally the current step applied and the voltage drop after 50µsec is measured. The 50µsec delay allows time for the current pulse to settle before the measurement is made.In the example shown in Fig 3 below ∆V = 5.47V – 5.28V = 190mV and ∆I = 2.05A (load pulse), therefore ESR = ∆V/I = 92.7m Ω.55.15.25.35.45.55.6-100-50050100150200Time (µsec)V o l t a g e (V )-0.20.51.21.92.63.34C u r r e n t (A )Figure 3: Measurement of ESREffective CapacitanceFigure 4 shows the Effective Capacitance for the HW207 @ 23°C. The supercapacitor was charged to and held at 5.5V until the current drawn by the supercapacitor dropped to less than 1mA. The supercapacitor was then disconnected from the source and a constant current discharge of 100mA was applied. The capacitance was measured at different times during the discharge.204060801001201E-041E-031E-021E-011E+001E+01N o r m a l i s e d C a p a c i t a n c e % o f D C C a p a c i t a n c eTime (sec)Normalised Capacitance vs Time @ 23°CFigure 4: Effective capacitance at different times during the discharge.Pulse ResponseFigure 5 shows the voltage ripple for a class 10 GPRS pulse. A HW207 provides a 1.8A load pulse of 1.15ms duration @ 25% duty cycle and the source current is limited to 600mA, though there is some source current overshoot evident in the first 100μs. The low supercapacitor ESR and high effective capacitance result in the load seeing a voltage ripple of only 330mV. The 1.8A load current would consist of 0.6A current from the supply and the remaining 1.2A from the supercapacitor.GPRS Pulse at 23C0123456-1123456789Time (msec)V o l t a g e (V )0.40.81.21.622.4C u r r e n t (A)Figure 5: Class 10 GPRS pulse at 23CCapacitance and ESR with temperatureFigure 6 and 7 below show normalized ESR and Capacitance respectively at different operating temperatures ranging from -40C to 85C.Figure 6: Normalised ESR at different temperaturesFigure 7: Normalised capacitance at different temperatureFrequency ResponseFigs 8 and 9 show the supercapacitor behaves as an ideal capacitor until approx 1Hz when the magnitude no longer rolls off proportionally to 1/freq and the phase crosses -45°. Performance of supercapacitors with frequency is complex and the best predictor of performance is figure 4 which shows the effective capacitance as a function of pulse width. Inductance becomes significant above 20 kHz and is approx 100nH at 100 kHz and above.Figure 8: Frequency response of HW207 (biased at 5.5V with 50mV test signal)Figure 9: R, L and C components of HW207vs frequencySpice ModelSPICE model of our supercapacitors can be found on our web site, . Note that the spice model predicts freq and pulse response, not leakage current over the first 120hrs, prior to equilibrium being reached.Leakage CurrentFigure 10 shows how average leakage current decays with time. After 24hrs @ 23°C, leakage current has decayed to under 5μA and after 72hrs it has decayed to less than 2μA. This is because the capacitance in a supercapacitor is distributed. This means that although the final terminal voltage has been reached, the device still draws some charge current which continues to decay until it reaches a final equilibrium value of leakage current.Figure 10: HW107 Leakage current vs. timeFigure 11 below shows leakage current at 23C and 70C versus time.Figure 11: HW107 Leakage Current at 23C and 70C vs. TimeCharge CurrentSupercapacitors require a minimum charge current before they behave as expected, i.e. they follow ΔV = I x Δt / C, for constant current charging from 0V. For a single cell of HW207 this minimum charge current = 50μA. Figure 12 illustrates the voltage over time for a single cell of the HW207 using 50μA, 100μA, 200μA and 500μA to achieve a final voltage of 2.75V.followFigure 12: Voltage vs. Time for 50μA , 100μA , 200μA , 500μA charging currents at 23CSolderingCapacitor Internal Temperature when Soldering2025303540455055123456789Time (s)C a p a c i t o r I n t e r n a l T e m p e r a t u r e (°C )Iron at 300°CIron at 400°C10Figure 13: Capacitor temperature rise when solderingThe recommended maximum soldering time is 5 seconds when using an iron at 400°C in an ambienttemperature of 23°C. Fig 13 shows the supercapacitor internal temperature increase over time as a soldering iron at 400°C is applied to one terminal.VibrationTested to IEC68-2-6Type SinusoidalFrequency 55Hz-500HzAmplitude 0.35mm±3dB (55Hz to 59.55Hz)5g±3dB (59.55Hz to 500Hz)Sweep Rate 1 Oct/minNo. of Cycles 10 (55Hz-500Hz-50Hz)No. of Axis 3 orthogonalResults No electrical or mechanical degradation (adhesive not required) ShockTested to IEC68-2-27Pulse Shape Half SineAmplitude 30g±20%Duration 18ms±5%No. of Shocks 3 in each direction (18 in total)No. of Axis 3 orthogonalResults No electrical or mechanical degradation (adhesive not required)Mechanical DrawingsFigure 134: HW207 Product drawingFigure 145: HW107 Product drawingFigure 156: W Packaging tray。

Coolmay EX2N-43H 70H 100HA系列触摸屏PLC一体机编程手册

目录
第一部分概述..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.产品概述................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 产品特点....................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 型号命名....................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.一般规格................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 型号规格....................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 产品参数....................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.硬件说明................................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 EX2N-43H 结构说明及尺寸..........................................................................................................................9 3.2 EX2N-70H 结构说明及尺寸........................................................................................................................10 3.3 EX2N-100HA 结构说明及尺寸....................................................................................................................11 3.4 各个接口及指示灯介绍.............................................................................................................................12 3.5 接线方法...................................................................................................................................................... 12

DPtech FW1000系列应用防火墙安装手册v2.01

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DPtech FW1000 系列应用防火墙安装手册
2.2.4 抗干扰要求............................................................................................................................... 3 2.2.5 防雷击要求............................................................................................................................... 3 2.2.6 接地要求................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2.7 布线要求................................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 安装工具......................................................................................................................................4
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CAP项目投资简介

CAP项⽬投资简介第⼀章基本信息⼀、项⽬概况（⼀）项⽬名称CAP项⽬（⼆）项⽬选址xx开发区场址应靠近交通运输主⼲道，具备便利的交通条件，有利于原料和产成品的运输，同时，通讯便捷有利于及时反馈产品市场信息。

所选场址应避开⾃然保护区、风景名胜区、⽣活饮⽤⽔源地和其他特别需要保护的环境敏感性⽬标。

项⽬建设区域地理条件较好，基础设施等配套较为完善，并且具有⾜够的发展潜⼒。

（三）项⽬⽤地规模项⽬总⽤地⾯积32222.77平⽅⽶（折合约48.31亩）。

（四）项⽬⽤地控制指标该⼯程规划建筑系数62.65%，建筑容积率1.07，建设区域绿化覆盖率6.66%，固定资产投资强度179.87万元/亩。

（五）⼟建⼯程指标项⽬净⽤地⾯积32222.77平⽅⽶，建筑物基底占地⾯积20187.57平⽅⽶，总建筑⾯积34478.36平⽅⽶，其中：规划建设主体⼯程20960.68平⽅⽶，项⽬规划绿化⾯积2296.13平⽅⽶。

（六）设备选型⽅案项⽬计划购置设备共计70台（套），设备购置费3046.40万元。

（七）节能分析1、项⽬年⽤电量1095918.65千⽡时，折合134.69吨标准煤。

2、项⽬年总⽤⽔量25428.15⽴⽅⽶，折合2.17吨标准煤。

3、“CAP项⽬投资建设项⽬”，年⽤电量1095918.65千⽡时，年总⽤⽔量25428.15⽴⽅⽶，项⽬年综合总耗能量（当量值）136.86吨标准煤/年。

达产年综合节能量36.38吨标准煤/年，项⽬总节能率29.58%，能源利⽤效果良好。

（⼋）环境保护项⽬符合xx开发区发展规划，符合xx开发区产业结构调整规划和国家的产业发展政策；对产⽣的各类污染物都采取了切实可⾏的治理措施，严格控制在国家规定的排放标准内，项⽬建设不会对区域⽣态环境产⽣明显的影响。

（九）项⽬总投资及资⾦构成项⽬预计总投资12712.42万元，其中：固定资产投资8689.52万元，占项⽬总投资的68.35%；流动资⾦4022.90万元，占项⽬总投资的31.65%。

XB6 系列_ EtherNet IP_插片式 I O 用户手册说明书

2.1
命名规则 .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
EtherNet/IP XB6 系列插片式 I/O 用户手册
南京实点电子科技有限公司
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和其它实点商标均为南京实点电子科技有限公司的商标。本文档提及的其它所有商标或注册商标，由各自的所有人拥有。注意您购买的产品、服务或特性等应受实点公司商业合同和条款的约束，本文档中描述的全部或部分产品、服务或特性可能不在您的购买或使用范围之内。除非合同另有约定，实点公司对本文档内容不做任何明示或默示的声明或保证。由于产品版本升级或其他原因，本文档内容会不定期进行更新。除非另有约定，本文档仅作为使用指导，本文档中的所有陈述、信息和建议不构成任何明示或暗示的担保。
3.3
接口参数 .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.2
安装拆卸步骤 .............................................................................................................................................. 19

CAP教学课件ppt

cap理论可以确保智能家居系统数据的一致性和可用性。在智能家居系统中，cap理论可以提高数据的准确性和可靠性，保证智能家居系统的正常运行和管理。
cap在智能家居中的应用案例
例如，智能照明控制系统可以通过使用cap理论来实现数据的一致性和可用性，保证不同设备之间传输的数据的准确性和可靠性。
THANKS
CAP系统中的敏感信息如果未得到妥善保护，可能会被非法获取、泄露和滥用。
完整性破坏
攻击者可能通过网络诱骗、恶意代码或其他手段破坏 CAP系统的完整性，导致数据篡改或丢失。
cap加密方式
同态加密
同态加密能够在不暴露明文数据的情况下进行计算操作，保证计算结果的准确性。
属性加密
属性加密基于数学难题，对数据属性进行加密，使得只有符合特定条件的数据才能被解密。
早期指数
早期的指数包括道琼斯工业平均指数、标准普尔500指数等，这些指数为投资者提供了参考依据。
CAP的推出
随着市场的发展，越来越多的指数开始推出，其中之一就是CAP，它于20世纪90年代推出，并逐渐成为市场上重要的参考指标之一。
cap应用场景
投资策略
CAP作为一种股票指数，可以作为投资策略的参考指标之一。投资者可以根据CAP的表现来决定自己的投资组合配置。
04
cap性能优化
cap性能评估指标
吞吐量
评估系统单位时间内处理请求的能力，以TPS（每秒事务数）为衡量指标。
并发量
评估系统在同一时间内处理多个请求的能力，以QPS（每秒查询数）为衡量指标。
响应时间
评估系统处理请求的延迟时间，以毫秒为单位。
可扩展性
评估系统在增加或减少资源时，性能的变化情况。

CAP基本介绍

廣州金日科技有限公司
簡介目錄
金屬板E
誘電介質
3、鋁質電解電容器電極結構-鋁箔
鋁質電解電容器制造流程及制程功能
低壓箔腐蝕孔(採用AC法電蝕)
(斷面放大)(表面放大)
海棉狀腐蝕孔
結晶狀腐蝕孔
柱狀腐蝕孔
中高壓箔腐蝕孔(採用DC法電蝕)
(斷面放大)
蝕孔狀態
4、鋁質電解電容器制造流程及制程功能
原始寬度: 480~500mm
依電容器高度設計使用寬度
切腳加
參考下一頁加工形式
4、引線加工切腳形式
成型切腳
線距依循國際通用標準加工
４５０ｖ１００００μＦ（φ９０×１９０Ｌ６Ｓ×３Ｐ）
太陽電池板
NEW
7、鋁質電解電容器基本特性
9、鋁質電解電容器使用注意事項
9、鋁質電解電容器使用注意事項。