杨子江01-GRE句子填空07_同义因果AB

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杨子江-GRE填空课堂笔记

杨子江-GRE填空课堂笔记杨子江---GRE句子填空笔记GRE句子填空01_反义对立杨子江GRE填空●反义对立特征词(1/3):●far from, rather …than●not …but, more … than●seemingly, on the other hand●in fact, actually, in realityGRE填空●反义对立特征词(2/3):●paradoxically, ironically●surprisingly, comparatively●unexpectedly, curiously●in contrast to, on the contraryGRE填空●反义对立特征词(3/3):●so much…as, decay from A to B●shift from…to, replace…with●distingish…from,reconcile…with●preferable…to, endorse A over BGRE填空● 1.) far from A, B●: 远非A, 而是B●对立两方面中选择其一●E16.1^, E10.6, E1.6, E63.7, E71.7●●2.1) A rather than B : 而非●:是A而不是B (肯定A)●对立两方面中选择其一●E9.1^, E10.7, E29.3, E29.6, E13.6, E20.5, E37.4, E37.7, E38.4,E40.4, E46.3, E71.5, E74.4●2.2) rather在句中修饰形容词, 起强调作用●●E2.2*-, E40.7●3.) not so much A as B●与其说A不如说B（肯定B）●= rather than 取反●E4.2^●4.) paradoxical●:矛盾的, 似非而是的●对立两面选择其一●E30.6^, E15.3, E48.7, E52.1, E59.4, E70.7, E75.7 ●●5.) ironically●: 讽刺地●: 引导自反的对立比较●E5.6^, E41.6, E2.5*●6.1) seemingly●: 表面上的, 貌似●对应于实际上的●对立两面选择其一●E16.2^, E27.6, E11.5, E44.6~●6.2) seem_____, 转折词●把转折词后的实词取反即是答案●: 引导对立●E2.4^, E29.2●6.3) seem : 似乎, 象是●seem to be 和seem 用在句中不引导反义对立* ●7.) in fact : 事实上, 实际上●与表面上的事实相反●起补充说明作用, 表对立情况*●E29.2#, E13.7^, E55.3, E5.2, E5.3●8.1) in reality●: 实际上, 事实上●与表面上事实相反引导对立●E7.6^●8.2) reality : 真实, 事实●名词性概念*●E21.7, E25.6, E37.7, E66.2●9.) actually●: 事实上, 实际上*●E11.5#, E13.6#, E15.1, E43.5, E57.2, E65.7 GRE填空●10.1) A distinguish from B●: A区别于B●对立两者选其一●E15.7^●10.2) distinguish●: 区别, 区分*●E37.2, E43.4, E50.2, E75.6●11.) transform from A to B●: 从A转换到B *●E73.7GRE填空●12.) shift from A to B●: 从A转到B●对立相反状态的转换●E28.5*, E8.6^●13.) curiously : 好奇地●引导与常识相反的对立关系●E9.3^●14.) surprisingly : 令人惊讶地●引导与常识相反的对立关系●E8.2^, E43.2, E22.2*, E51.3*GRE填空●15.1) A more ... than B●more A … than B● A more 副词/形容词than B●: 对A的修饰 A > BGRE填空●15.1) more .. than●E7.2^, E44.2, E12.4, E14.4, E32.5, E46.1, E63.2, E71.1, E53.3, E55.4, E56.7, E58.3, E63.5, E76.7●15.2) more : 更多●比较级的陈述*●●16.) no greater A than B●: AB相同评价, A<B●E2.5^●17.) better A than B●: A>B = more … than●两者皆可强调A●E12.5^●18.) A preferable to B●: A比B更可取●引导对立比较●E10.4^●19.) reconcile with●: 与…和解●引导对立比较***●E17.6*, E4.4*GRE填空●20.) comparatively●: 相比较的●: 引导对立比较●E9.6^, E57.2●21.) not A, but B●: 不是A, 而是B . 引导对立比较●E5.2^, E7.3, E8.7, E21.3, E3.7, E20.5, E6.5, E21.5, E33.1, E40.7, E41.5, E62.5, E68.6, E70.4, E73.4, E76.5●22.) decay from A to B●: 从A衰退到B●E33.3^●23.) contrary●:相反的*●E39.7#, E41.1, E52.7, E55.1GRE填空●24.) in contrast to●:相比较*●E59.3, E59.5GRE填空●25.) replace A with B●: 用B替换A* E60.5●26.) substitute A for B●: 用A代替B* E69.6GRE填空●27.) antithesis●:对立面●E53.7^GRE句子填空02_时间对比杨子江GRE填空-30●时间对比是反义对立的子集●时间相反, 产生对立–现在否定过去–将来否定现在GRE填空●时间对比特征词(1/2):●before, once, previous●current, now, until●initially, recently, early●formerly, pristine, firstGRE填空●时间对比特征词(2/2):●after, yesterday, begin●start, origin, often●usually, heretofore, hitherto●no longer, (as long as)XGRE填空●1.) before : 之前●: 与recent对立●E12.4#^, E7.4, E40.2, E58.4, E36.3, E2.4#●2.) recent : 现在●与before, often, early, previous, pristine对立●E10.4#^, E27.3, E26.7, E21.4, E1.5, E47.4, E48.4, E64.6, E7.4#, E12.4#●3.1) often : (过去)经常●与recent配对出现表对立●E1.5#GRE填空●3.2) often : 经常●单独出现表一般状态陈述*●E19.7, E20.6, E21.7, E23.5, E24.2, E24.4, E25.7, E32.5, E34.3, E34.4, E35.1, E35.3, E35.5, E36.4, E36.6, E36.7, E39.6, E41.1, E43.2, E43.5, E44.6, E45.1, E46.4, E46.7, E49.4, E52.4, E52.6, E57.6, E65.7, E40.2, E36.4GRE填空● 4.1) usually : (过去)通常●与“现在” 相反●E23.7^●4.2) usually : 通常●习惯性动作陈述= often●E35.2, E51.5, E59.3, E61.4, E75.2GRE填空● 5.) early : 早期的●与recent对立*●E21.4#, E13.7#, E3.2*, E11.1*, E35.1, E60.7, E44.5, E45.4, E64.7GRE填空● 6.) previous : 早先的●与recent对立●E10.4#, E29.4^, E76.3●7.1) once : 曾经●与initially同义, 与after对立●E13.5^, E47.4●7.2) once : 一旦●E44.7, E54.4, E60.5GRE填空●8.) initially : 起初●与once同义, 与after对立●E13.5#, E20.4^, E47.7, E48.5, E69.2●9.) formerly : 以前●与now对立●E11.7^●10.) first : 起初●与“现在” 对立●E2.2^, E49.3, E69.7●11.) until : 直到…才, 除非●与“过去” 对立●E18.2#, E4.5^, E21.6, E34.2, E55.4GRE填空●12.) after : 在…之后●与“之前” 对立*●E20.4#, E29.4#, E11.1*, E12.2*GRE填空●13.) no longer : 不再●与“过去” 对立●E3.2*, E25.4*, E2.6^, E39.4, E54.3●14.) hitherto●:迄今, 至今*●E72.3, E72.6GRE填空●15.) now : 现在●与“过去” 对立●E5.6#, E4.1*, E21.1^, E9.7, E41.4, E47.2, E48.5 ●h eretofore : 直到此时, 迄今●c urrent : 当前的●p ristine : 原始的GRE句子填空03_反义转折杨子江GRE填空●反义转折特征词(1/2):●although, though, even though●but, despite, however, unlike●in spite of, neverthelessGRE填空●反义转折特征词(2/2):●while, whatever, nonetheless●regardless, without, none●as…as, even if, yet…GRE填空●1.) although : 虽然, 尽管●: 表转折关系(1/2)●E7.6#, E9.6#, E12.4#, E20.4#, E27.6#, E6.1^, E4.7, E14.6, E15.1, E17.2, E19.4, E22.1, E22.6, E23.2, E26.5, E28.5, E29.5, E13.3 GRE填空●although (2/2)●E34.3, E34.4, E37.5, E39.3, E40.3, E42.2, E43.7, E45.2, E45.6,E48.5, E49.3, E50.6, E51.5, E55.5, E57.4, E57.5, E58.2, E58.7,E60.6, E61.1, E61.5, E61.7, E64.5, E67.7, E68.2, E69.1, E71.2,E71.3, E72.2, E74.5●2.) though: 虽然,尽管,可是●: 表转折关系(1/2)●E1.7^, E11.6, E12.3, E15.6, E19.5, E20.1, E21.7, E24.5, E35.7, E35.6GRE填空●though (2/2)●E33.2, E39.4, E42.4, E44.1, E54.1, E61.4, E62.1, E64.3, E71.7●3.) even though : 即使●: 表转折关系●E11.3^, E14.3, E14.7, E42.5, E46.5, E48.1, E56.3, E63.6, E67.2,E70.1●4.) despite : 尽管●: 表转折关系●E1.5#, E3.1^, E4.3, E8.1, E23.3, E33.5, E39.2, E42.1, E51.6, E56.7, E62.3, E67.3●5.) in spite of : 不管, 尽管●: 表转折关系●E8.2#, E65.1^●6.) however : 然而●: 表转折关系●E7.4#, E16.4^, E19.7, E32.6, E40.6, E43.5●7.) whatever : 无论怎样●: 表转折关系●E13.4^, E28.7, E43.3, E43.6●8.) whereas : 尽管, 然而●: 表转折关系●E7.7^, E38.5, E48.7, E58.1●9.) nevertheless : 然而●: 表转折关系●E20.3*, E35.4^, E51.6, E59.4, E66.3●10.) unlike : 和…不同●: 表转折关系●E66.1^, E63.2, E44.3, E49.6, E50.6, E59.4●11.) none : 否定, 决不●: 表转折关系●E17.3^●12.) even if : 即使●: 表转折关系●E17.5^●13.) yet… : 然而●: 表转折关系●E23.5^, E52.5, E44.3●14.1) while : 虽然●: 在句首表转折关系●E13.5#, E8.3^, E8.5, E14.5, E39.7, E49.1, E51.3, E53.5, E45.3,E67.4●14.2) while : 并且●: 在句中表递进关系*●E10.6#, E35.1●15.) without : 没有●: 表转折关系●E2.4#, E14.3#, E30.4*, E22.5^, E28.1, E18.2, E30.2, E33.2, E37.1, E41.4, E56.5●16.) but : 但是●: 表转折关系(1/2)●E2.2#, E22.2#, E29.2#, E3.4^, E7.1, E8.4, E9.4，E18.5, E29.1,E20.3GRE填空●b ut (2/2)●E32.5, E33.1, E33.5, E35.1, E36.4, E38.7, E40.7, E41.5, E44.2,E47.5, E50.5, E54.4, E55.3, E55.4, E56.4, E57.2, E58.6, E62.5,E66.7, E67.5, E68.6, E69.4, E70.4, E71.4, E72.2, E73.4, E74.1,E75.1, E75.4, E76.5GRE填空●17.) as … as : 尽管●: 表让步转折●E25.2^●18) drive … to , 迫使●E2.3^, (E76.7)●19) regardless●:不管，尽管，不顾●E25.6*, E19.2^GRE句子填空04_同义解释杨子江GRE填空wqh●同义解释特征词：●such as, which, that,●suggest that, like●this, the●冒号, 破折号, 从句GRE填空●1.) 冒号: 引导同义解释(1/2)●E1.5#, E7.2#, E18.5#, E21.4#, E21.5#, E21.7#, E30.1^, E20.2,E24.4, E25.3, E25.4, E26.4, E29.7GRE填空●1.) 冒号: 引导同义解释(2/2)●E35.7, E37.3, E38.6, E39.5, E39.6, E40.4, E43.2, E45.1, E45.6,E49.7, E50.3, E51.7, E52.1, E57.7, E58.7, E60.2, E63.2, E64.2,E65.6●2.) 破折号－, 引导同义解释●E13.5#, E28.1#, E25.6^, E52.7, E66.2, E74.7●3.) 从句：引导同义解释●E19.1^, E26.3, E21.2, E25.5, E9.2, (E44.7, E38.7), E34.1, E39.1, E41.7, E43.4, E54.5, E60.4, E63.4, E65.5, E70.5, E71.6, E76.6●4.1) such as : 例如●:引导同义解释●E2.1^, E18.1, E24.7, E56.3, E63.4, E74.1●4.2) such, 重复前面提到的概念, 表物主指代● 4.3) such : 表强调●E1.2*, E1.7#, E3.4#, E5.2#, E6.5#, E16.5*, E20.7*, E23.2#, E29.4#, E36.3, E39.2, E46.3, E47.5, E57.7●E5.6#, E6.5*, E13.7#, E45.1, E48.2, E55.7, E59.7GRE填空● 5.1) which＋不定式结构, 分词结构, 同位语, 形容词短语, 任何修饰成分●: 表同义解释●E15.7#, E74.2^, E5.7, E9.5, E30.3, E40.1, E42.3, E51.1, E52.4,E53.4, E72.4●5.2) in which, of which, from which, by which●在句中表指代关系●E5.6#, E12.6*, E13.1*, E16.2#, E24.4#, E30.1#, E43.4GRE填空● 5.2.) in which, of which, from which, by which●E41.5, E46.2, E53.4, E55.2, E58.2, E63.4, E64.2, E64.6, E72.3,E72.7, E75.6, E76.4GRE填空●6.) that ＋不定式结构, 分词结构, 同位语, 形容词短语, 任何修饰成分●: 表同义解释(1/2)●E5.1^, E10.3, E18.3, E22.3, E22.4, E28.6GRE填空●6.) that (2/2)●E32.7, E33.6, E34.6, E36.7, E42.7, E44.4, E46.2, E50.1,E50.2,E52.3, E53.1, E55.2, E58.5, E59.1, E60.3, E65.4, E70.6,E73.1, E74.6, E75.5GRE填空●6.) that (Extra)●E4.1#, E4.2#, E5.3*, E5.4*, E5.5*, E5.6#, E7.7#, E11.7#, E12.7*,E14.6#, E15.7#, E18.2#, E19.2#, E21.6#, E24.5#, E27.3#, E28.1#, E29.7#●7.) suggest that :说明,表明●：表同义解释●E19.7#, E30.6#, E55.6●E8.3#, E5.5*GRE填空●8.) like : 像…●：表比喻解释●E6.3^, E11.1, E72.5GRE句子填空05_同义并列杨子江GRE填空●Class08同义并列GRE填空●同义并列特征词：●分号，从句：E30.2#●and, also, orGRE填空●1.) 分号; 引导并列关系●: 类似同义解释(1/2)●E3.7#, E4.7#, E14.1#, E14.5#, E23.2#, E29.4#, E1.1^, E19.3, E16.5, E17.7, E6.4, E19.6, E20.7, E28.2, E30.4GRE填空●1.) 分号; (2/2)●E37.6, E49.2, E56.6, E59.6, E65.7, E69.2, E75.6GRE句子填空06_同义递进杨子江GRE填空●同义递进特征词：●not only…but also●even, indeed●continue, remain, retain●as…as, and, when●not…but, while, 独立主格结构GRE填空● 1.) not only A but also B●: 不仅仅A…而且B…●表递进关系●E26.2^, E27.1, E17.4, E43.1, E50.4, E73.5, E73.6, E76.2●2.) when 当…●表递进关系●E15.5^●3.) indeed : 甚至●: 表递进关系●E13.3#, E14.2^, E69.3, E57.1●4.) even : 甚至●: 表递进关系(1/2)●E1.6#, E4.5#, E15.4*, E17.5#, E18.4*, E28.4^GRE填空●4.) even : 甚至(2/2)●E33.4, E35.4, E35.5, E35.7, E45.7, E48.5, E49.7, E51.7, E52.6, E57.3, E57.7, E65.3, E68.7, E71.3, E76.3●5.) continue : 继续, 持续●: 表递进关系●E19.4#, E22.7^, E61.6●6.) remain : 继续，持续●: 表递进关系*●E4.7#, E12.3#, E14.6#, E23.2#, E45.7, E57.4 GRE填空●7.) retain : 保持●: 表递进关系*●E16.4#GRE填空●8.1) as…as : 即…又…●: 表递进关系●E11.4^, E1.2●8.2) as long as : 只要, 随着●表递进关系●E14.1^, E15.2, E61.2●9.) and : 并且●: 表递进关系●E1.4^, E17.1, E51.2, E60.7, E74.3●10.) 独立主格结构●: 表递进关系●E18.6^●11.) 分号；表递进关系●时间递进：E1.5#, E7.4#●因果递进：E6.7*, E22.2#●程度递进：E2.2#, E14.3#，E17.3#, E20.5# GRE填空●12.) particularly,especially●: 尤其是●表递进关系*●E67.6, E68.4GRE句子填空07_同义因果杨子江GRE填空●同义因果特征词(1/5)：●because, cause●in that, so…that●therefore, thus●since, deduceGRE填空●同义因果特征词(2/5)：●result from, lead to●as a result, result in●just as… so, drive from●consequently, givenGRE填空●同义因果特征词(3/5)：●require, reflect●present, represent●bespeak, on the basis of●be based on, portrayGRE填空●同义因果特征词(4/5)：●conclude, so…as to●thereby, due to●that, give rise to●hence, accordinglyGRE填空●同义因果特征词(5/5)：●rely(reliance) on, make●when…then, if…then●for the reason that●spring from, forGRE填空● 1.) because : 因为●: 表因果关系(1/2)●E5.7#, E9.4#, E26.2#, E65.2^, E3.6, E6.6, E12.2, E24.1, E26.6, E27.2, E27.4, E27.5, E30.5, E37.7, E20.6, E16.3GRE填空●b ecause (2/2)●E33.1, E34.3, E34.7, E36.1, E40.5, E41.6, E44.5, E44.6, E45.2, E47.1, E48.2, E54.2, E56.2, E59.2, E59.7, E60.1, E62.6, E63.1, E64.1, E64.7, E66.4, E67.1, E68.3, E71.5, E76.4 E76.7●2.) in that : 既然, 因为●: 表因果关系●E30.5#, E13.1^, E16.7, E32.3, E49.4, E52.5, E64.3, E66.2●3.) so…that :●: 表因果关系(1/2)●E1.4#, E3.2^, E11.2, E23.1, E23.6, E27.7GRE填空●s o…that (2/2)●E32.4, E34.5, E35.7, E36.5, E45.5, E47.2, E48.3, E49.5, E62.5, E62.7, E64.4, E69.5, (E54.7, E61.3, E73.2)●4.) therefore, thereby●: 因此●: 表因果关系●E17.7#, E5.5^, E24.2, E35.2, E56.1, E73.3, E55.6, E66.6●5.) thus : 因而，从而●: 表因果关系●E6.7^, E33.1, E33.3, E35.2, E39.2, E41.2, E48.6, E50.6, E61.2, E66.1●7.) deduce : 推论出●: 表因果关系●E3.3^●8.1) A result from B●: A由B产生●＝B lead to A●: 表因果关系●E3.7#, E6.6#, E17.7#GRE填空●8.2) as a result●: 作为结果●: 表因果关系●E10.1^, E36.5, (E47.6)●8.3) A result of B●: A是B的结果●: 表因果关系●E9.1#GRE填空●8.4) result●: 名词性概念●E14.7#, E23.7#, E26.2#, E27.3#GRE填空●9.) A lead to B●: A导致B●: 表因果关系●E15.6#, E16.6^, E72.1●10.) just as A, so B●: 正如A，所以B●表因果关系●E5.2#, E2.7^, E46.7●11.) consequently●: 从而,因此●: 表因果关系●E22.2^●12.) given : (因为)给出●: 表因果关系●E11.6#, E6.2^, E47.3, E62.2●13.1) require●: (因为…)要求●: 表因果关系*●E7.7#, E14.3#, E17.5#, E52.2 GRE填空●13.2) require : 需要●: 动词用法*●E11.4#, E25.6#, E55.7, E59.3 GRE填空●14.1) represent : 表现出●: 表弱因果关系*●E16.2#, E17.2#GRE填空●14.2) presented : 表现出●: 表弱因果关系*●E22.5#, E71.7GRE填空●15.) bespeak : 说明●: 表弱因果关系●E10.5^●16.) portray : 描绘●: 表弱因果关系*●E9.5#, E10.6#, E58.1GRE填空●17.) conclude : 得出结论●: 表因果关系●E1.3^, E46.1●18.) so A as to B●: 如此A以致于B●: 表因果关系●E4.6^●19.) if A then B●: 如果A那么B●: 表因果关系●E30.7^, E38.1, E38.2●20.) for : 因为●: 表因果关系●E4.2#, E10.1#, E17.5#, E21.1#, E21.4#, E24.7#, E27.7#, E18.2^, E18.4, E46.6, E63.3GRE句子填空08_目的手段杨子江GRE填空●目的手段结果是因果的子集●同义目的手段结果特征词：●in order to, to●by, for, as, fromGRE填空●1.) in order to : 为了●: 表目的关系●E10.2^, E23.4, E3.5, E35.2, E42.6, E55.7, E62.4, E63.1, E33.7 ●2.) by : 由, 通过, 被●: 表手段与结果关系●E10.5#, E4.4^, E5.3, E13.2, E15.4, E24.3, E25.1, E26.1, E17.6, E36.2, E37.2, E38.3, E44.7,E45.4, E47.7, E50.7, E51.4, E57.6, E68.5, E72.7, E75.2●3.) for : 为了●: 表手段与结果关系*●E10.3#GRE填空●4.) as : 作为●: 表手段与结果关系●E24.6^, E6.5●5.) from : 从●: 表手段关系*●E36.6GRE填空●6.) to : 为了●: 表手段与结果关系●E12.6^, E32.1, E32.2, E41.3, E53.6, E66.5, E68.1, E70.2。

GRE杨子江补充内容

新版红宝书缺失了部分KLM的词汇大约60个左右，本帖为词汇补全贴，童鞋们下载打印即可。

音标问题先将就一下吧。

kinetic adj. 运动的(of or resulting from motion)；动力学的(of or relating to kinetic art)［记］词根记忆：kine(动)+tic→运动的know-how n. 专业技能，知识(practical ability or skill)［记］分拆联想：know+how→知道如何做→专业技能［例］The technical know-how, if not the political commitment, appears already at hand to feed the world’s exploding population and so to eradicate at last the ancient scourges of malnutrition and famine.laboriousadj. 费力的，艰难的(involving or characterized by hard or toilsome effort)lackadaisical adj. 无精打采的(listless；languid)；无兴趣的(showing lack of interest)［记］分拆联想：lack(缺少)+a+daisi(=daisy第一流人物)+cal→缺少第一流人物让人无精打采laconic adj. 简洁的(brief or terse in speech or expression；concise)［记］来自古希腊王国Laconia(拉哥尼亚)，以说话简洁而闻名［同］concise, brief, curt, succinct, terselaggardadj. 缓慢的(slow or late)；落后的(falling behind)；n. 落后者(one that lags or lingers)［记］lag(落后)+gard(构词成分)→落后的lament vt. 悲伤；哀悼(to express sorrow, mourning, or regret for often demonstratively)languid adj. 没精打采的，倦怠的(drooping or flagging from or as if from exhaustion)largesse n. 慷慨(generosity)［记］词根记忆：large(大)+sse→大方［例］Famous among job seekers for its largesse , the company, quite apart from generous salaries, bestowed on its executives annual bonuses and such perquisites as low-interest home mortgages and company cars.latitude n. 言行自由(freedom of opinion, conduct, or action)；纬度(an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator)［记］词根记忆：lati(阔)+tude→纬度［例］Even though in today's Soviet Union the leaders of the Muslim clergy havebeen accorded power and privileges, the Muslim laity and the rank-and-file clergy still have little latitude to practice their religion.lave vt. 为沐浴，洗(wash,bathe)；慢慢冲刷(to flow along or against)［记］词根记忆：lav(洗)+e→洗浴lavish adj. 浪费的(expending profusely)；丰富的(profuse)［例］The commission of inquiry censured the senator for his lavish expenditure of public funds, which they found to be unjustifiable.legislate vt. 立法(to mandate, establish, or regulate by or as if by legislation) ［记］词根记忆：legisl(法律)+ate→制定法律legitimate adj. 合法的(lawful)；正当的(reasonable；legal)［记］词根记忆：legitim(合法)+ate→合法的lenient adj. 宽大的(not harsh or severe)；仁慈的(merciful, clement)［例］Paradoxically, Helen, who had been a strict mother to her children, proved a lenient mistress to her cats.lethal adj. 致命的(fatal or deadly)［记］词根记忆：leth(死，僵)+al→致命的［例］Natural selection tends to eliminate genes that cause inherited diseases, acting most strongly against the most severe diseases; consequently, hereditary diseases that are lethal would be expected to be very rare, but, surprisingly, they are not.［同］mortiferous, pestilentlethargic adj. 昏睡的(of, relating to, or characterized by lethargy)lewd adj. 好色的(sexually unchaste or licentious)；猥琐的(obscene,vulgar) ［例］Afraid that the lewd nature of the plays being presented would corrupt the morals of their audiences, the Puritans closed the theaters in 1642.listless adj. 无精打采的(spiritless；languid)［记］分拆联想：list(名单)+less→榜上无名所以没精打采loathadj. 不情愿的，勉强的(unwilling)［例］Far from being unctuous, Pat was always loath to appear acquiescent. ［同］disinclined, averse, hesitant, reluctantloathe v. 憎恨，厌恶(abhor；detest；hate)［记］来自loath(不愿意的，厌恶的)；分拆联想：l(看作leave)+oath(誓言)+e→发誓离开→憎恨loquacious adj. 多嘴的，饶舌的(very talkative；fond of talking)［记］词根记忆：loqu(话语)+acious(多…的)→多话的lucid adj. 表达清楚的，明白易懂的(well expressed and easy to understand) ［记］词根记忆：luc(光)+id→很光滑的→表达清楚的［例］Although just barely adequate as a writer of lucid prose, Jones was an extremely capable editor who worked superbly with other writers in helping them improve the clarity of their writing.lucrativeadj. 赚钱的，有利可图的(profitable；remunerative)［记］词根记忆：lucr(看作lucre钱财)+ative→赚钱的［例］Burdened by debt, Lydgate abandons his dreams of reforming medicine to take a conventional but lucrative practice in London.［同］advantageous, gainful, profitable, remunerativeludicrous] adj. 荒唐可笑的(so foolish as to cause disrespectful laughter)［记］词根记忆：lud(玩)＋icrous→闹着玩的→可笑的［例］Although his attempts to appear psychotic were so clumsy as to be almost ludicrous , there is evidence that Ezra Pound was able to avoid standing trial for treason merely by faking symptoms of mental illness.［同］laughable, comic, comical, droll, farcicallugubrious adj. 悲哀的(mournful)；忧郁的(dismal)［例］Much of the clown’s success may be attributed to the contrast between the lugubrious manner he adopts and the general hilarity that characterizes the circus.［同］melancholy, dolesome, dolorous, lamentable, plaintiveluminous adj. 发光的(emitting or reflecting usually steady, suffused, or glowing light)；发亮的(of or relating to light or to luminous flux)；光线亮的(bathed in or exposed to steady light)；明白易懂的(clear, enlightening)；有光泽的(shining, illustrious)［记］词根记忆：lumin(光)+ous→发光的［例］Although supernovas are among the most luminous of cosmic events, these stellar explosions are often hard to detect, either because they are enormously far away or because they are dimmed by intervening dust and gas clouds.macabre adj. 骇人的，可怕的(grim and horrible；gruesome)［记］来自法语，原指“骷髅舞蹈”magisterial adj. 有权威的(authoritative；official)；威风的［记］词根记忆：magister(=master主人)+ial→主人的→有权威的［例］Something in Christopher responded to the older man’s air of authority; he looked magisterial, used to command.magnanimous adj. 宽宏大量的，慷慨的(noble in mind；high souled) magniloquence n. 夸夸其谈，虚夸(the quality or state of being magniloquent) malicious adj. 恶意的，怨毒的(spiteful；intentionally mischievous or harmful)［记］来自malice(n. 恶意)+ious→恶意的［例］No computer system is immune to a virus, a particularly malicious program that is designed to infect and electronically damage the disks on which data are stored.malign v. 诽谤，中伤(to defame；slander；traduce)；adj. 邪恶的(evil；baleful；sinister)［记］词根记忆：mal(坏)+ign→坏的，邪恶的［同］malicious, despiteful, malevolent, rancorous, spitefulmalignant adj. 恶毒的，充满恨意的(very malevolent or malicious)［例］The surgeons were worried about the possibility of finding a malignant growth in the patient.［同］despiteful, hateful, malign, rancorousmalleable adj. 可塑的，易改变的(capable of being changed；adaptable)［记］词根记忆：malle(=mallet锤子)+able→可锤打的，易变的［例］When clay dries out, it loses its plasticity and becomes less malleable. ［同］plastic, ductile, moldable, pliable, supplemandatoryadj. 命令的，强制的(authoritatively commanded；obligatory) maneuvervt./n. (军队)调遣(a planned and controlled movement of troops)；策略，操纵(stratagem；artifice；scheme)［记］词根记忆：man(手)+euvre(工作)→用手来做→操纵，调动maniacaladj. 发狂的，癫狂的(affected with or suggestive of madness) manipulationn. (熟练的)操作；操纵；控制；(对账目等的)伪造，篡改martinet n. 严格遵守纪律的人(a strict disciplinarian)［例］Like a martinet, Norman constrained his subordinates to adhere rigidly to the rules.marvelous adj. 不可思议的(causing wonder)；了不起的(miraculous)［记］发音记忆：“马虎了事”→马虎作事就没有了不起的成就［例］Winsor McCay, the cartoonist, could draw with incredible virtuosity: his comic strip about Little Nemo was characterized by marvelous draftsmanship and sequencing.Matrilineal adj. 母系的(relating to, based on, or tracing descent through the maternal line)［例］The Apache are a matrilineal society, where husbands typically move into wives’ dwellings and women take the leadership role in family affairs.Maudlin adj. 感情脆弱的，爱哭的(foolishly or weakly sentimental)［记］来自人名Maudalene，常被描绘成哭泣的典型形象maverick adj. 特立独行的(characteristic of, suggestive of, or inclined to be a maverick)；n. 特立独行的人(one that refuses to abide by the dictates of or resists adherence to a group)［记］来自人名Maverick，19世纪德克萨斯州大牧场主，其牲畜皆不打烙印而显得与众不同meager adj. 贫乏的(of small amount；inadequate)；削瘦的(lean；emaciated) ［记］分拆联想：m+eager(热心的)→光靠热心解决不了贫乏［例］The powers and satisfactions of primeval people, though few and meager, were commensurate with their few and simple desires.Mediocre adj. 平庸的，平凡的(ordinary；average)［记］词根记忆：medio(中间)+cre→中间状态→平庸的Mediocrity n. 平庸，碌碌无为(mediocre abilities or attainment)［例］Grateful as we are for these splendid books, they remain isolated examples of excellence in a literature of mediocrity.melancholy adj. 忧郁的(depressed)；令人悲伤的(causing depression)［记］词根记忆：melan(黑色)+chol(=bile胆汁)+y→胆汁发黑→忧郁的menial adj. 仆人的，卑微的(of servants；humble)；n. 家仆(a domestic servant) ［例］Although Ms. Brown found some of her duties to be menial, her supervision of forty workers was a considerable responsibility.［同］subservient, obsequious, servile, slavishmercenary adj. 唯利是图的(acting merely for money)；n. 雇佣兵(a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army for money)［记］词根记忆：mercen(工资)+ary→只为了工钱的→唯利是图的meretricious adj. 华而不实的，俗艳的(tawdrily and falsely attractive)［记］来自meretrix(妓女)meritorious adj. 值得赞赏的(deserving praise and esteem)［记］merit(优点，长处)+orious(多…的)→长处很多→值得赞赏的mesmerize v. 对…催眠(to hypnotize)；使入迷，迷住(to fascinate)metabolic adj. 新陈代谢的(of, relating to, or based on metabolism)［记］来自metabol(y)(新陈代谢)+ic→新陈代谢的［例］When trees go dormant in winter, the procedure is anything but sleepy: it is an active metabolic process that changes the plant radically.Metamorphose v. 变形(to change into another form)［记］词根记忆：meta(变化)+morph(形状)+ose→变形metaphysical adj. 形而上学的，玄学的(of metaphysics)［记］词根记忆：meta(变化，超过)+physic(看作是physics物理)+al→在物理之上的→形而上学的，玄学的meteoric adj. 流星的(relating to a meteor)；昙花一现的(transient；swift) ［记］来自meteor(流星，陨石)+icmethodical adj. 细心的，有条不紊的(habitually proceeding according to method)meticulous adj. 细心的，一丝不苟的(taking extreme care about minute details；precise)［记］词根记忆：metic(害怕的)+ulous(多…的)→经常害怕的→细心的［例］MacDougall’s former editors remember him as a cantankerous man whose meticulous and exhaustive reporting was worth the trouble.［同］conscientious, fussy, heedful, punctilious, scrupulousmettlesome adj. 精神抖擞的(spirited；courageous)［记］mettle(勇气，斗志)+some→有斗志milieu n. 周围，环境，背景(the physical or social setting in which something occurs or develops)［例］The late James Beard was generous with his time and knowledge-a rare trait in the narrow world of food writing, a milieu notorious for its pettiness and infighting.Mimic v. 模仿，戏弄(to imitate or copy playfully or derisively)［记］分拆联想：mimi(音似：秘密)+c→偷偷摸摸地模仿Revised GRE官方指南49-52页样题的解析1. It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an author who does not allow facts to be (i)__________ by politics: well aware of the political disputes about the effects of human activities on climate and biodiversity, this author does not permit them to (ii)__________ his comprehensive description of what we know about our biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (iii)__________, calling attention tothe many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood before we can accurately diagnose the condition of our planet.Blank (i)(A) overshadowed遮蔽(B) enhance 提高(C) plausibility of our hypotheses 我们的假设的可行性Blank (ii)(D) invalidated 无效(E) obscure 模糊(F) certainty of our entitlement 我们的资格的确定性Blank (iii) (G) illuminated 说明(H) underscore 强调(I) superficiality of our theories 我们的理论的肤浅性Answers: A-E-I翻译：这是让人耳目一新的事情，去读这本关于我们的星球的书，这本书的作者他不允许事实被政治所（遮蔽）：众所周知政治的各种观点，会影响到人类行动的状态，在气候上和生态多样性的想法上，这个作者不希望这些影响来（模糊）我们的理解，来自他全面的描述，关于我们所知道的我们所在的生物界的理解。

GRE句子填空06_同义递进AB

GRE句子填空06_同义递进杨子江GRE填空●同义递进特征词：●not only…but also●even, indeed●continue, remain, retain●as…as, and, when●not…but, while, 独立主格结构GRE填空● 1.) not only A but also B●: 不仅仅A…而且B…●表递进关系●E26.2^, E27.1, E17.4, E43.1, E50.4, E73.5, E73.6, E76.2●2.) when 当…●表递进关系●E15.5^●3.) indeed : 甚至●: 表递进关系●E13.3#, E14.2^, E69.3, E57.1●4.) even : 甚至●: 表递进关系(1/2)●E1.6#, E4.5#, E15.4*, E17.5#, E18.4*,E28.4^GRE填空●4.) even : 甚至(2/2)●E33.4, E35.4, E35.5, E35.7, E45.7, E48.5, E49.7, E51.7, E52.6, E57.3, E57.7, E65.3, E68.7, E71.3, E76.3●5.) continue : 继续, 持续●: 表递进关系●E19.4#, E22.7^, E61.6●6.) remain : 继续，持续●: 表递进关系*●E4.7#, E12.3#, E14.6#, E23.2#, E45.7, E57.4GRE填空●7.) retain : 保持●: 表递进关系*●E16.4#GRE填空●8.1) as…as : 即…又…●: 表递进关系●E11.4^, E1.2●8.2) as long as : 只要, 随着●表递进关系●E14.1^, E15.2, E61.2●9.) and : 并且●: 表递进关系●E1.4^, E17.1, E51.2, E60.7, E74.3●10.) 独立主格结构●: 表递进关系●E18.6^●11.) 分号；表递进关系●时间递进：E1.5#, E7.4#●因果递进：E6.7*, E22.2#●程度递进：E2.2#, E14.3#，E17.3#, E20.5# GRE填空●12.) particularly,especially●: 尤其是●表递进关系*●E67.6, E68.4。

【小站教育】老罗GRE填空讲义-85道题

GRE 填空讲义85 道题注释:共 21 页, 红色为正确答案. 如果要打印做题呢, 就全选, 改成黑色就行了.强烈反对利用此资料盈利.P53 填空题的出题原则continue remain1. The techniques now available to livestock breeders will continueto be , but will probably be by new ones under development.A. fruitful ... reversedB. refined ... upgradedC. inconvenient ... reassessedD. used ... supplementedE. harmless ... improved2. Parts of seventeenth century Chinese pleasure gardens were not necessarily intended to look_ ; they designed expressly to evoke the agreeable melancholy resulting from a sense of theof nature beauty and human glory.A. beautiful...immutabilityB. cheerful ...transitoriness C.colorful ...abstractness D.luxuriant... simplicityE. conventional ... wildness3. The disjunction between educational objective that stress independence and individuality and those that emphasize obedience to rules and cooperation with others reflects a that arise from the values on which these objectives are based.A. conflictB. redundancyC. gainD. predictabilityE. wisdom4. In many science fiction films, the opposition of good and evil is portrayed as abetween technology, which is , and the errant will of adepraved intellectual.1 / 41A. efulB. struggle...dehumanizingC. parallel...unfetteredD. conflict...beneficentE. similarity...malevolent5. Scho lars‟sense of the uniqueness of the central concept of “the state” at the time when political science became an academic field quite naturally led to striving for a correspondingly mode of study.A. thoroughB. distinctiveC. dependableD. scientificE. dynamic6 Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4,000 Philadelphians in 1973, and soMemphis, Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after nearly two decades in in the Western Hemisphere.A. terrorized...contentionB. ravaged...secretC. disabled...quarantineD. corrupted...quiescenceE. decimated...abeyance7. In a most impressive demonstration, Pavarotti sailed through Verdi's "Celeste Aida", normally a tenor's , with the casual enthusiasm of a folk singer performing one of his favorite .A. pitfall ... recitalsB. glory ... choralesC. nightmare ... balladsD. delight ... chanteysE. routine ... composers系统的解题思路及方法步骤一基本逻辑关系(1)因果关系8. The results of the experiments performed by Elizabeth Hazen and Rachel Brown were not only because these results challenged old assumptions but also because they called the methodologyinto question.A. provocative ... prevailingB. predictable ... contemporaryC. inconclusive ... traditionalD. intriguing ... projectedE. specious ... original9. As long as nations cannot themselves accumulate enough physical3 / 41power to dominate all others, they must depend on .A. alliesB.resources C.freedom D.educationE. self-determination10. During periods of social and cultural stability, many art academies are so firmly controlled by that all real creative work must be done by the .A. dogmatists ... disenfranchisedB. managers ... reactionariesC. reformers ... dissatisfiedD. imposters ... academiciansE. specialists ... elite(2) 目的手段结果11. Edith Wharton sought in her memoir to present herself as havingachieved a harmonious wholeness by having the conflictingelements of her life.A. affirmedB.highlighted C.reconciled D.confinedE. identified12. Once a duckling has identified a parent, then instinctive bond becomes a powerful for additional learning since, by the parent, the duckling can acquire further information that is not genetically transmitted.A. impulse ...surpassing B.referent ...recognizing C.force ...acknowledging D.inspiration ...5 / 41emulating E.channel ...mimicking(3) 转折albeit /notwithstanding/although/though/but / despite/ even though /however/in spite of/ nevertheless/ nonetheless/while/ whatever/regardless/ evenif/ even though ye s……13. Although ancient tools were preserved, enough have survived to allow us to demonstrate an occasionally interrupted but generally progress through prehistory.A. partially ... noticeableB. superficially ...necessary C.unwittingly ...documented D. rarely ...continualE. needlessly ... incessant14 Current data suggest that, although states between fear and aggression exist, fear and aggression are as distinct physiologically as they are psychologically.A. simultaneousB. seriousC. exceptionalD. partialE. transitional15. The powers and satisfactions of primeval people, though few and meager, were_ their few and simple desires.A. simultaneouswith B.commensuratewith C.substantiated byD. circumscribed byE. ruined by(4)递进关系Even indeed16. Few of us take the pains to study our cherished convictions; indeed, we almost have a natural doing so.A. aptitude forB. repugnance toC. interest inD.ignoranceof E.reactionafter F.17. In the seventeenth century, direct flouting of a generally accepted system of values was regarded as , even as a sign of madness.A. adventurousB. frivolousC. willfulD. impermissibleE. irrational18. Despite assorted effusions to the contrary, there is no necessary link between scientific skill and humanism, and, quite possibly, there may be something of abetween them.7 / 41A. generalityB. fusionC.congruity D. dichotomy E. reciprocity(5)递近转折19. Even though formidable winters are the norm in the Dakotas, manypeople were unprepared for the of the blizzard of 1888.A. inevitabilityB. ferocityC.importance D.probability E.mildness20. We realized that John was still young and impressionable, butwere nevertheless surprised at his .A. naive téB.obstinateness C.decisiveness D.ingeniousness E.resolve(6) 对比contrast/ contrary/ far from/on the other hand/instead/rather than/no t…bu t…/not so much…as…. / more than/21. The paradoxical aspect of the myths about Demeter, when weconsider the predominant image of her as a tranquil and serene goddess,is her search for her daA. extendedB. agitatedC. comprehensiveD. motivelessE. heartless22. Far from viewing Jefferson as a skeptical but enlightened intellectual,historians of the 1960…s portrayed him as thinker, eager to fill theyoung with his political orthodoxy while censoring ideas he did not like.A. an adventurousB. a9 / 41doctrinaire C. aneclecticD. ajudiciousE. acynical23. Rather than enhancing a country's security, the successful development of nuclear weapons could serve at first to increase that country's .A. boldnessB. influenceC. responsibilityD. moderationE. vulnerability24. It comes as no surprise that societies have codes of behavior; the character of the codes,on the other hand, can often be .A.predictable B.unexpected C.admirable D.explicitE. confusing25. Although scientists claim that the seemingly language of their reports is more precise than the figurative language of fiction, the language of science, like all language, is inherently .A. ornamental ... subtleB. unidimensional ... unintelligibleC. symbolic ... complexD. literal ... allusiveE. subjective ... metaphorical26. Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austen's novels has oscillated betweenand condescension; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary .A. dismissal ... admirersB. adoration ... contemporariesC. disapproval ... readersD. indifference ... followersE. approbation ... precursors27. Recent research indicates that a system of particles which has apparently decayed to randomness from state can be returned to that state: thus the system exhibits a kind of memory of itsconditionA. an equilibrium ... lesserB. anordered ...earlierC. an unusual ...settled D. ast11 / 41E. a highe r…..present28. Social scientists have established fairly clear-cut that describe the appropriate behavior of children and adults, but there seems to be about what constitutes appropriate behavior for adolescents.A. functions ... rigidityB. estimates ... indirectnessC. norms ... confusionD. regulations ... certaintyE. studies ... misapprehension29. Whereas the art critic Vasari saw the painting entitled the Mona Lisa as an original and wonderful feat, the reproduction of a natural object, the aesthetes saw it as_ that required deciphering.A. collaborative … an aberrationB. historical... a symbolC. technica l… ahieroglyph D.mechanical... animitation E. visual... anillusion30. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776) is still worth reading, more to appreciate the current of Smith‟s valid contributions to economics than to see those contributions as the of present-day economics.A. disregard ...outgrowths B.reaffirmation ...concerns C.relevance ...precursorsD. acceptance ... byproductsE. importance ... vestiges(7) 时间对比型1) 时间相反一切相反31. Salazar‟s presence in the group was so the others that they lost most oftheir earlier ; failure, for them, became all but unthinkable.A. reassuring to … trepidationB. unnoticed by … curiosityC. unusual to … harmonyD. endearing to ... confidenceE. unexpected by ... exhilaration32. The idealized paintings of nature produced in the eighteenth century are evidence that the medieval natural settings had been andthat the outdoors now could be enjoyed without trepidation.A. fear of ... exorcisedB. concerns13 / 41abou t…..regained C.affection for ...surmounted D.disinterest in ...alleviatedE. enthusiasm for ... confronted33. Often the difficulties of growing up in the public eye cause child prodigiestothe world of achievement before reaching adulthood: happily,they sometimes later return to competition and succeed brilliantly.A. ridiculeB. conquerC. retirefrom D.antagonize E.examine34. Although Johnson's and Smith's initial fascination with the fortunes ofthose jockeying for power in the law firm after a few months, the twopaid sufficient attention to determine who their lunch partners should be.A.revivedB.emerged C.intensified D.flaggedE. persisted2) 时间上后者总是否定前者35. Scientists' pristine reputation as devotees of the disinterested pursuitof truth has been by recent evidenA. reinforced ... publishedB. validated ... suppressedC. exterminated ...replicated D.compromised ...fabricated E.resuscitated ...challenged36. Before about 1960, virtually all accounts of evolution assumed mostadaptation to be a product of selection at the level of populations; recentstudies of evolution, however, have found no this view of selection.A. departures from ... controversialB. basis for ... pervasive15 / 41C. bias toward ...unchallenged D.precursors of ...innovative E. criticismsof ... renowned37. Future generations will probable consider current speculations about humanity‟s place in the universe to be omissions and errors: even rigorous scientific views change, sometimes overnight.A. immune fromB. marred byC. uncorrupted byD. correct despiteE. abridge by38. Without seeming unworldly, William James appeared wholly removed from theof society, the conventionality of academe.A. ethosB.idealism C.romance D.paradoxesE. commonplaces39．Kagan maintains that an infan t‟s reactions to its first stressful experiences arepart of a natural process of development, not harbingers ofchildhood unhappiness or signs of adolescent anxiety.A. propheticB. normalC. monotonousD. virtualE. typical步骤二寻找重复一直接重复40. The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of , though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.A.economics B.legislation C.cleanliness D.aesthetics E.restoration41. Comparatively few rock musicians are willing to laugh at themselves,17 / 41although a hint of_ can boost sales of video clips very nicely.A. self-deprecationB. congenialityC. cynicismD. embarrassmentE. self-doubt42. Famous among job seekers for its , the company, quite apart from generous salaries, bestowed on its executives annual bonuses and such as low-interest home mortgages and company cars.A. magnanimity… re parationsB. inventivene ss… benefitsC. largesse… perquisitesD. discernmen t… prerogativesE. altruism… cr edits43. Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions between innocence and criminality, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were popular precisely because they offered the audience a world of .A. bereft ... theatricalityB. composed ...adversity C. full ...circumstantiality D.deprived ... polarityE. devoid ... neutrality2)解释型重复44. The Muses are deities: they avenge themselves without mercy on those who weary of their charms.A. ruefulB.ingenuous C.solicitous D.vindictiveE. dispassionate45. Speakers and listeners arc often at odds: language that is easy for the receiver to understand is often difficult to , and that which is easily formulated can be hard to .A. estimate ... confirmB. transmit ... defendC. produce ... comprehendD. suppress ... ignoreE. remember ... forget46. Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents .A. demurB. schismC. cooperation19 / 41D. complianceE. shortsightedness3) 语法现象推断重复1．同位语重复2. 名词(填形容词) +定语填定语的同意词重复47. Psychology has slowly evolved into an scientific discipline thatnow functions autonomously with the same privileges and responsibilitiesas other sciences.A. independentB. unusualC. outmodedD. uncontrolledE. inactive48. In a society that worships efficiency, it is difficult for a sensitiveand idealistic person to make the kinds of decisions that alone spellsuccess as it is defined by such a society.A. bureaucra tic … edifyingB. pragmatic …hardheaded C.rationa l … well-intentioned D.competitive ...evenhanded E.modern ... dysfunctional49. The self-important cant of musicologists on record jackets oftensuggests that true appreciation of the music is an process closed to theuninitiated listener, however enthusiastic.A. unreliableB. arcaneC. arrogantD. elementaryE. intuitive50. The valedictory address, as it has developed in American collegesand universities over the years, has become a very strict form, a literary that permits very littleA. text ... clarityB. work ... traditionC. genre ... deviationD. oration ... grandiloquenceE. achievement ... rigidity51. Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than bymen, but this dominance has, until very recently, been regarded merely asfact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.A. a controversialB. a21 / 41statisticalC. ananalyticalD. anexplicitE. an unimpeachable52. Cezanne…s delicate watercolor sketches often served as of asubject, way of gathering fuller knowledge before the a rtist‟s finalengagement of the subject in an oil painting.A. an abstractionB. an enhancementC. a synthesisD. a reconnaissanceE. a transcription4) 根据明显的指示词寻找重复such/ this/that/which/the53. Longdale and Stern discovered that mitochondria and chloroplastsa long, identifiable sequence of DNA; such a coincidence could beonly by the transfer of DNA between the two systems.A. manufacture ... accomplishedB. reveal ... repeatedC. exhibit ... determinedD. share ... explainedE. maintain ... contradicted54. The proponents of recombinant DNA research have decided to federal regulatioA.protestB.instituteC.denyD. encourageE. disregard55. Laws do not ensure social order since laws can always be ,which makes them unless the authorities have the will and the power todetect and punish wrongdoing.A. contested ... provisionalB. circumvented ... antiquatedC. repealed ...vulnerable D.violated ...ineffective E.modified ...unstable56. Social tensions among adult factions can be by politics，butadolescents and children have no such for resolving their conflict with23 / 41the exclusive world of adults.A. intensified ... attitudeB. complicated ... reliefC. frustrated ... justificaiionD. adjusted ... mechanismE. revealed ... opportunityB. inadequate..eliminate C.original..demonstrate D.25 / 41fortunate.. minimizeE. conventional.. highlight5) 在看似涉及背景知识的题目里找重复57. The new biological psychiatry does not deny the contributing role ofpsychological factors in mental illnesses, but posits that these factors mayact as a catalyst on existing physiological conditions and such illnesses.A.disguise B.impede C.constrainD. precipitateE. consummate58. A perennial goal in zoology is to infer function from , relating the of an organism to itA. age….ancestryB. classification….appearanceC. size…. movementD. structu re….behaviorE. location…..habitat59. The pressure of population on available resources is the key tounderstanding history; consequently, any historical writing that takes nocognizance of facts is_ fA. demograph ic….in trinsicallyB. ecolog ical…. marginallyC. cultu ral…..s ubstantivelyD. psycholog ical…philosophicallyE. politica l….. demonstratively*Although the discovery of antibiotics led to great advances in clinicalpractice, it did not represent a bacterial illness, for there aresome bacteria that cannot be treated with antibiotics.A. breakthrough in ... consistentlyB. panacea for ... effectivelyC. neglect of ... efficientlyD. reexamination of ... conventionallyE. resurgence of ... entirely6)重复关系较隐蔽的情况60.The fortresslike facade of the Museum of Cartoon Art seemscalculated to remind visitors that the comic strip is an art form that hasoften beenby critics.A.27 / 41charmed B.assailed C.unnoticedD. exhilaratedE. overwhelmed61. Among the many of the project, expense cannot benumbered; the goals of the project's promoters can be achieved withimpressive .A. highlights ... efficiencyB. features ... savingsC. disadvantages ... innovationD. claims ... speedE. defects ... economy62. The with which the French aristocracy greeted themiddle-class Rousseau was all the more because he showedso little respect for them.A. deference.. remarkableB. suspicion...uncanny C.reserve...unexpected D.anger... ironicE. appreciation... deserved63. If duty is the natural of one ' s the course of futureevents, then people who are powerful have duty placed on them whetherthey like it or not.A. correlate ... understanding ofB. outgrowth ... control overC. determinant ...involvement in D.mitigant ... preoccupationwith E. arbiter ...responsibility for64. Because many of the minerals found on the ocean floor are still on land, where mA. scarce ... commonB. accessible ... marginalC. unidentified ... subsidizedD. conserved ... publicE. plentiful ... profitable65. Even after against the of popular sovereignty wereincluded, major figures in the humanistic disciplines remained skepticalabout the proposal to extend suffrage to the masses.A. recommendations ... continuationB. safeguards ...29 / 41excesses C. arguments ... introduction D. provisions ... advantages E. laws ... creation66. Natural selection tends to eliminate genes that cause inherited diseases, acting most strongly against the most severe diseases; consequently, hereditary diseases that are would be expected to be very , but, surprisingly, they are not.A. lethal ... rareB. untreated ... dangerousC. unusual ... refractoryD. new ... perplexingE. widespread ... acute31 / 41long dormancy before its recent eruption its violent nature.A. awe-inspiring ... restrainedB. gaseous ... confirmedC. explosive ... beliedD. familiar ... moderatedE. volatile ... suggested步骤三语气及感情色彩的判断67. Any language is a conspiracy against experiencein thesense that it is a collective attempt to experience byreducing it into discrete parcels.A.extrapolate B.transcribe C.complicate D.amplifyE. manageE. an acolyte ... maniacal68. Walpole's art collection was huge and fascinating, and his novel The Castle ofOtranto was never out of print; none of this mattered to the Victorians, who him as, at best, .33 / 41A. dismissed.. insignificantB. judged..worthwhile C.revered..talented D.reviled.. meagerE. taunted.. dangerous69. No computer system is immune to a virus, a particularly malicious program that is designed to and electronically the disks on which data are stored.A. prepa re…… improveB. resto re……disableC. infe ct……damageD. preserve……secureE. invade……repair70. As for the alleged value of expert opinion, one need only government records to see evidence of the failure of such opinions in many fields.A. inspect ...questionable B.retain ...circumstantial C.distribute ...possibleD. consult ...strongE. evaluate ...problematic71. Despite the of many of their colleagues, some scholars have begun to emphasize "pop culture" as a key for the myths, hopes, and fears of contemporary society.A. antipathy ...entanglingB. discernment ...evaluatingC. pedantry ...reinstatingD. skepticism ...decipheringE. enthusiasm ...symbolizing72. This final essay, its prevailing kindliness by occasional flashes of savage irony, bespeaks the character of the author.A. illuminated ...imperturbableB. marred ...dichotomousC. untainted ...vindictive35 / 41D. exemplified ...chivalrousE. diluted ...ruthless73. Johnson never to ignore the standards of decent conduct mandated by company policy if compliance with instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so, whatever the effects on his subordinates.A. deigned ...tacitB. attempted ...halfheartedC. intended ...direct D.scrupled ...literal E.wished ...feigned.74. Ironically, the party leaders encountered no greater their efforts to build a progressive party than the of the progressives already elected to the legislature.A. support for...advocacyB. threat to... promiseC. benefit from...success D. obstacleto... resistance E.praise for...reputation75. The influence of the Titnaeus among early philosophical thinkers was , if only becauseA. pervasive ... availableB. inestimable ...suppressed C.unnoteworthy ...abridged D.underestimated ...studied E.circumscribed ...translated76. During the widespread fuel shortage, the price of gasoline wasso that suppliers were generally thought to be the consumer.A. reactive ...shielding B.stable ...blackmailing C.depressed ...cheating D.prohibitive ...placating E.excessive ...gouging77. Jones was unable to recognize the contradictions in his attitudes thatwere obvious to everyone else; even the hint of an untruth was to him,but heserious trouble by always cheating on his taxes.A. acceptable ... riskedB. exciting ... avertedC. repugnant ...courted D.anathema ...evaded E.tempting ...hazarded37 / 41逻辑关系上最直接的选项永远是正确选项78. The hierarchy of medical occupations is in many ways asystem; its strata remain andthe practitioners in them have very little vertical mobility.A. health ... skilledB. delivery ... basicC. regimental ... flexibleD. training ... inferiorE. caste ... intact79. The natural balance between prey and predator has been increasingly, most frequentlA. celebratedB. predictedC.observed D.disturbed E.questioned80. Not all the indicators necessary to convey the effect of depth in a picture work simultaneously; the picture' s illusion of three-dimensional appearance must therefore result from the viewer' s integration of various indicators perceived.A. imitative ... coincidentallyB. uniform ... successivelyC. temporary ...comprehensively D.expressive ...sympathetically E.schematic ... passively81. When theories formerly considered to be in their scientific objectivity are found instead to reflect a consistent observational and evaluative bias, then the presumed neutrality of science gives way to the recognition that categories of knowledge are human .A. disinterested ... constructionsB. callous ... errorsC. verifiable ... prejudicesD. convincing ... imperativesE. unassailable ... fantasies82. Poe's reviews of contemporary fiction, which often find great merit in otherwise literary gems, must make us respect his critical judgment in addition to his well-known literary talent.A. thorough ... completedB. petulant ... unpopularC. insightful ...unappreciated D.enthusiastic ...acclaimed E. harsh ...undeserving83. The breathing spell provided by the arms shipments should give39 / 41all the combatants a chance to reevaluate their positions.A. plethora ofB.moratoriumon C.reciprocationof D.concentrationon E.developmentof84. Aptly enough, this work so imbued with the notion of changing times and styles has been constantly over the years, thereby reflecting its own mutability.A.appreciatedB.emulated C.criticized D.revisedE.reprinted85. Not wishing to appear , the junior member of the research group refrained from any criticism of the senior members' plan for dividing up responsibility for the entire project.A. reluctant ...evaluatingB. inquisitive ...offeringC. presumptuous ...venturingD. censorious ...undercutting[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]41 / 41。

GRE填空总结4转折因果

1. A war, even if fought for individual liberty and democratic rights, usually requiresthat these principles be (i) _B_, for they are (ii) _D_ the regimentation anddiscipline necessary for military efficiency.Blank (i) Blank (ii)A. espoused D. fulfilled throughB. suspended E. incompatible withC. followed F. inherent in重点词: regiment, espouse, suspendespouse 支持regimentation 纪律化region地区2 In Germany her startling powers as a novelist are widely (i) _B_, but she is almost unknown in the English-speaking world because of the difficulties of (ii) _E_ her eccentric prose.Blank (i) Blank (ii)A. ignored D. revealingB. admired E. translat ingC. obscured F. editing重点词: eccentric, startling, obscurestartling 令人吃惊的startle stark 荒凉的obscured 遮蔽的，掩盖eccentric 古怪的prose 散文；单调的translate 翻译，转换3 As is often the case with collections of lectures by (i) _A_ authors, the book asa whole is (ii) _D_, although the individual contributions are outstanding inthemselves.Blank (i) Blank (ii)A. different D. disconnectedB. incompetent E. unexcitingC. mediocre F. coherent重点词: incompetent, mediocre, coherentis often the case with 通常情况下mediocre 普通的，平凡的4 Eric was frustrated because, although he was adept at making lies sound(i) _A_, when telling the truth, he (ii) _D_ the power to make himselfbelieved.Blank (i) Blank (ii)A. plausible D. lackedB. impractical E. heldC. deceptive F. acquired重点词: adept, deceptive, acquiredeceptive 欺诈的，虚伪的5. Although the film is rightly judged imperfect by most of today’s critics, the filmsbeing created today are _AB_ it, since its release in 1940 provoke d sufficient critical discussion to enhance the intellectual respectability of cinemaconsiderably.A. beholden toB. indebted toC. derivative ofD. based onE. distinguishable fromF. biased against重点词: beholden, indebted, biascritical thinking 批判思维+ criticize -beholden to 受惠于indebted to 感激的，受惠于indebted负债的；受贿的debt负债derivative of 衍生品based on 建立distinguishable from 区别biased against 有偏见6 Because the painter Albert Pinkham Ryder was obsessed with his (i)_B_ perfection, he was rarely (ii)_F_ a painting, creating endless variations of a scene on one canvas, one on top of another.Blank (i) Blank (ii)A. contempt for D. disconcerted byB. quest for E. immersed inC. alienation from F. satisfied with重点词: obsess, contempt, disconcertwas obsessed with 沉迷于追求完美contempt 轻视，蔑视alienation from 疏远；异化immersed in 全神贯注于disconcerted by 不安的，使困惑anxious；concert音乐会，协调一致。

小马过河GRE填空考试四大解题方法介绍

摘要：GRE填空考试四大解题方法介绍。

下面是小马过河GRE频道为大家整理的四种常用的GRE填空解题方法，希望能够帮助大家更好的备考GRE考试，祝大家能够取得好成绩。

反面陈述法人类在用语言作出某一陈述或判断时，可采用正面陈述和反面陈述两种方式。

所谓正面陈述，即是以一肯定句式作出的表述，如"He is a good person"。

所谓反面陈述，即是以一否定句式再加上一个与正面内涵相反的概念作出的表述，如"He is not a bad person" 或 "It is wrong to say that he is a bad person"。

很大一部分GRE填空题前后两部分是互为重复或互为说明性质的，其思路大抵均沿袭正面陈述和“否定之否定”的反面陈述这一模式。

例Ⅰ：The poet W. H. Auden believed that the greatest poets of his age were almost necessarily irresponsible, that the possession of great gifts ---------- the ---------- to abuse them.(A) negates ... temptation(B) controls ... resolution(C) engenders ... propensity(D) tempers ... proclivity(E) obviates ... inclination〖解答〗本题在主句谓语动词believed后，继之以两个以that引导的宾语从句，后者以另一角度复述前者内涵。

第一个宾语从句中所陈述的中心主题为irresponsible(不负责任的)，带有贬义色彩，这就为第二个宾语从句提供了线索。

换言之，出现在第二个宾语从句中的两处空格，应综合体现出前述的“不负责任”这一主题。

扬子江-GRE填空词汇分类汇总

稳定对变化稳定类词汇preserve 稳定，保存permanent 永远的reliable 可靠的hierarchy 等级体系strata 等级系统caste 职业和社会的等级compatible 一致的，兼容的stereotype 固定不变的slow 缓慢steady 稳定constant 不变的，恒量ponderous 笨重的，呆板的ingrain 牢固的变化类词汇capricious 变化无常，任意多变change 变化，改变shorten 缩短preempt 取代，先占revise 修订improve 改进tailor 修剪，修改substitute 替代alter 改变ephemeral 转瞬即逝的，多变的sensitive 敏感的，多变的faddish 流行的fashion 时尚mobility 移动性modify 改变enlarge 扩大varied 变化，多样supersede 取代transient 短暂的inventive 创新的transform 变形，改变shape 塑形，塑造alternative 可选的mutability 易变性flexible 可折的，可弯曲的develop 发展adaptation 适应divergence 分歧reverse 逆转，反转random 随机的，任意的mercurial 多变的永恒对短暂永恒类词汇immutability 永恒constant 持续，永恒perennial 永远的consistently 持续的definitive 终极的close the book on sth. 最终完成某事persist 持之以恒，持续的坚持steady 稳定unchanged 不变的timeless 永恒的unalterable 不变的timelessness 永恒短暂类词汇transitoriness 短暂unique 独一无二的，绝无仅有的ephemeral 转瞬即逝的，短暂的temporary 暂时的，临时的evanescent 逐渐消失的transitory 短暂的duration 持续一段时间创新对保守创新类的词汇human intellect 人类的理智creative reasoning 创新的推理skeptical 怀疑精神enlightened intellectual 开明豁达的creative 创新reformer 改革者informed 见多识广的active 积极的ingenious 有独创性的innovative 有创新的adventurous 喜欢冒险的aggressive 进取的originality 独创性original 独创的inspire 有灵感的保守类的词汇machinelike world 机械的世界mechanical nature 机械的性质doctrinaire 教条主义orthodoxy 正统的prudent 谨慎的imprison 禁锢，监禁stability 稳定dogmatist 教条主义者disciplined 训练有素的uninspired 无灵气的rigid 僵化的tradition 传统conservative 保守institutionalize 制度化repressive 压制的模仿对创新模仿类词汇imitation 机械的模仿mimic 拟态，模仿emulate 通过模仿而超越parody 拙劣的模仿simulate 假装，冒充的模仿pattern 仿造mock 嘲弄的模仿impersonate 扮演，模仿积极对消极积极类词汇enthusiasm 热情active 积极adaptive 适应的selective 选择性的inquisitive 好奇的intuitive 直觉的optimism 乐观主义encourage 鼓励participate 参与lively 生动活泼的spiritedness 有精神的，活泼的compete 竞争profitability 有利益的thinking 思考react 反应working individual 独立工作stimulate 刺激monomania 偏执狂beneficent 有益的tendentious 有倾向的keen 敏锐的excite 激动的sophisticate 有智慧的discharge 履行incentive 有动机的profitable 有利可图的penchant 有倾向的victory 征服triumph 胜利消极类词汇perfunctory 冷淡grudging 勉强passive 消极dampen 使沮丧prevent 阻碍beset 困扰postpone 推迟unpromise 没有希望的flatness 平淡的tedious 单调的recipient 接受dismal 令人沮丧的disappoint 让人失望的human machine 人类的机器discourage 丧失勇气callous 麻木的，铁石心肠的dull 迟钝的numb 麻木的withdraw 脱离中性类词汇receptive 有接受能力的innocuous 无害的neutral 中立的disinterested 客观公正的内向对外向性格内向类词汇self-effacing 自我谦卑shy 害羞evasive 逃避retire 羞怯，沉默的diffident 缺少自信reserve 沉默拘谨inhibit 羞怯的reticent 沉默eschew 躲避introvert 性格内向的性格外向类词汇publicity 公开性controversy 论辩contentious 好争吵的facetious 幽默的presumptuous 专横的intrepid 勇猛的be oneself 大方instigate 鼓动显性对隐性显性类词汇reappear 再次出现public 公开embellish 装饰intimate 表示admire 羡慕，推崇espouse 支持隐性类词汇abeyance 暂时的停止reticent 沉默privacy 隐私innuendo 含沙射影的说话veil 掩饰unknown 不被人所知belie 掩饰mask 掩盖激动对安静激动类词汇explosive 爆炸性的violent 狂暴的eruption 爆发volatile 不稳定的agitate 激动的tension 紧张不安intensity 强烈vitality 活力excitement 刺激fervent 炙热的passionate 充满热情的violent 强烈的promptness 敏捷，机敏inflame 激动地indignation 愤怒mercurial 喜怒无常的dynamically 动态的安静类词汇quiescence 静止meditative 沉思冥想tepid 乏味不热情dormancy 休眠tranquil 安静的serene 平静的serenity 平静nostalgia 乡愁，怀旧placidity 平静disinterested 冷静的sedentary 久坐不动的dormant 睡眠，静止的even-tempered 平和的phlegmatic 冷静的statically 静态的breathing spell 短暂的休息moratorium 暂停延缓严肃对幽默严肃类词汇gravity 严肃seriousness 严肃realistically 真实性authenticity 真实性，权威性respect 尊敬polite 有教养的reverence 尊敬piety 虔诚awe 敬畏prig 一本正经的人，道学先生幽默类词汇facetious 幽默的laughter 幽默playful 嬉戏的supernatural trick 超自然的花招whimsy 怪念头，奇思妙想clumsy 笨拙的ludicrous 荒唐可笑amusing 有趣的laughable 可笑funny 可笑bizarre 奇异可笑的冲突对和谐冲突类词汇different 不同的conflict 冲突exclusive 排斥性的struggle 斗争，奋争rivalry 斗争，竞争intransigence 毫不妥协的anomalous 反常，异常deny 拒绝contradictory 反对的nonplus 为难humiliate 使丢脸discomfit 难堪disgrace 使丢脸rift 断裂，不和debate 争论irony 讽刺savage 野蛮的ruthless 无情的vindictive 报复性的dichotomous 分裂的，分成两个的contrary 反对incompatible 不调和的disruptive 分裂性的intervention 干涉disturb 扰乱provocative 引起争论的challenge 挑战question 质疑crossfire 交叉火力的攻击tussle 争斗hostility 敌对状态bitter 怀疑feud 不和vitriolic 尖酸刻薄的truculent 好战凶猛的competitive 强烈竞争的cynicism 犬儒主义的quarrel 争吵sarcastic 讽刺的acrimonious 严厉辛辣的divergent 有分歧的relegation 驱逐，丢弃disparage 贬低intolerant 不容忍的combative 好斗的inflexibility 不屈服的setback 挫折antagonistic 敌对的oppressive 压抑的bankrupt 破裂的dissolution 解体censure 指责和谐类词汇agree 同意adjust 调整resolve 化解harmonious 和谐的wholeness 一体的reconcile 和解，化解brook 对别人的容忍forbear 对自己的克制allow for 允许consensus 一致同意kindness 亲切satisfaction 满意balance 平衡credit 相信tout 支持，吹捧advocate 支持prefer 更喜欢tease 调侃，挑逗friendly 友好的congenial 性格温和的intimate 亲密无间的tolerant 包容容忍的compromise 妥协negotiate 商谈idealism 理想主义utopian 乌托邦democracy 民主etiquette 礼节courteous 有礼貌的assimilate 吸收，同化unanimous 统一的conciliatory 抚慰commend 称赞optimistic 乐观的accommodation 融合迁就coexistence 共存endorsement 赞同worthwhile 有价值的stable 稳定的harmony 和谐攻击对防守攻击类词汇kill 杀死terrorize 使恐怖ravage 毁坏decimate 大批杀害against 对抗coup 打击，好主意provoke 挑衅objection 反对attack 攻击undermine 破坏provocative 引起争议的challenge 挑战question 质疑beleaguer 围攻assail 攻击的overwhelm 完全制服防守类词汇protect 保护expediency 权宜之计fortify 防御工事maintain 维护stabilize 稳定defend 防卫reinforce 增援fortresslike 堡垒一样的服从对抵抗服从类词汇compliance 服从tacit 默许deign 屈尊scruple 有顾虑的unctuous 假意殷勤acquiescent 勉强顺从obsequious 阿谀奉承submission 屈服抵抗类词汇never scruple to do sth. 肆无忌惮的做某事intend 故意的refuse 拒绝insubordinate 不顺从的contravene 违反jeopardize 危害loath 不情愿的reluctant 勉强的，不愿意的struggle 奋争hostility 敌对征服对屈服征服类词汇dominate 支配overcome 战胜conquer 征服triumph 成功cloud over 遮蔽trample 踩踏ascendancy 优势地位breakthrough 突破panacea 万能药屈服类词汇yield to 屈从安全对危险安全类词汇security 安全reassuring 安心可靠的safe 安全reliable 可靠的salutary 有意的useful 有用的tranquil 安静的，稳定的antidote 解毒剂insurance 保险不安全类，危险类词汇vulnerability 易受攻击性breach 破坏frail 脆弱的insecurity 不安全phobia 恐惧症trepidation 恐惧fear of 恐怖的trepidation 惊恐side effect 副作用injury 伤害deterrent 威慑uncertainty 不确定的adversity 不幸，灾难danger 危险的risk 风险deleterious 有害的有序对无序有序类词汇in order 有序tidy 整齐清晰clear 清晰thorough 连贯consistent 一致clear-cut 明确的orderliness 有序contrive 设计coherence 连贯性无序类词汇random 随机by chance 随机vary 多变的confuse 混乱randomness 无序状态chaos 混乱无序accident 意外happening 意料之外的增加类词汇add 增加increase 增多addition 增加deepen 加深excessive 过多enhance 提高superfluous 过多stimulate 刺激elevate 提升quicken 加快exaggerate 夸大diffusion 扩散greater 更多的arise 增长replenish 补充flourish 繁荣redundancy 冗余variety 变化多样性prosperity 繁荣improve 提升expand 膨胀escalation 提升disseminate 传播promote 提升plentiful 许多的prolific 多产的enlarge 扩大减少类词汇reduction 减少cancel 消除eliminate 消除diminish 使自己减少debilitating 使别人衰弱devastate 损毁rare 罕见lessen 减轻inhibit 抑制minimal 最少的slight 微少的reduce 减少little 小的annihilation 灭绝curtail 缩减lower 降低efface 抹除exacerbate 恶化eradicate 根除relieve 减轻limit 限制low-intensity 低密度slow 减缓inhibit 抑制reduce 减少restrict 限制degenerate 退化disappear 消失undermine 破坏decrease 减少decline 衰落underplay 削弱decelerate 减速debase 降低rarely 很少minimize 最小化slender 微弱的获得类词汇procurement 采购，获得enclosure 围住，私有化proprietary 所有权profitable 有利益可图的possess 占有丧失类词汇divest 放弃forfeit 丧失retire from 退出abandon 抛弃lack of 缺少elimination 消除sacrifice 牺牲scarce 缺乏的nonexistent 不存在利益类词汇interest 利益benefit 利益generous 慷慨的bonus 奖金perquisite 额外津贴largesse 慷慨大方reciprocity 互惠互利亏损类词汇unprofitable 无利益的超越类词汇transcend 超越outstrip 超过rivals 竞争，匹配match 匹配advantage 优越seize 夺取preeminent 卓越的overtaken 超越culminate 达到顶点ascendancy 优势地位dominate 统治antedate 居先，提前improve 提升increase 提升exceed 超越落后类词汇limit 限制deter 阻止hamper 妨碍retreat 衰退subordination 从属regression 衰退sluggish 缓慢的lag 落后开始类词汇earliest 最早的initial 最初的original 最初的结果类词汇ultimate 最终的单一类词汇single 单一的individual 单独的alone 单独的insular 孤立的cellular 细胞的众多类词汇eclectic 兼收并蓄的unending 无穷无尽的reproduction 繁殖variety 多样的social 群居的group 团队多的词汇sheer bulk of 大量的diversity 多样性inexhaustible 无穷无尽的broader 宽广的specific 具体的largesse 慷慨大方generous 慷慨的greatest 最大的concentration 集中diverse 多样的group 团体social 群居的minutely 详细的aggrandize 增大少的词汇few 少meager 贫乏simple 简单minimize 最小化synoptic 概要的finite 有限的narrow 狭窄的sporadic 零星的sparse 稀疏的sketchy 粗略的fragmentary 支离破碎的single 单独的individual 个人的，单独的compendium 纲要合并对分裂E23.3, E17.7, E30.5, E32.3, E37.1, E40.6, E41.5, E53.3, E61.2, E62.7, E63.6, E66.5, E72.1, E9.7, E17.7, E21.6, E40.6承担对逃避E37.3, E40.2合并类词汇fusion 熔合congruity 一致uniform 统一的形式integration 整合combine 结合integrity 完成性whole 整体incorporate 合并assimilate 吸收，同化adhere 粘附，坚持kinship 血缘关系embed 包含interdisciplinary 交叉课程synthesis 综合分裂类词汇dichotomy 二分法separate 分开的discrete 分立的divisive 分裂的exodus 出走alienation 疏远异化rift 断裂，不和debate 争论elude 躲避总结对解释E6.3, E9.2, E16.5, E19.1, E24.6, E25.7, E28.1, E28.6, E65.5, E24.4(形成对理解)总结类词汇evaluate 评估definition 定义believe 相信解释类词汇explain 解释serve as 作为直接类词汇directly 直接的间接类词汇indirectly 间接memory 回忆anticipation 预期，将来innuendo 含沙射影的说话veil 掩饰复杂类词汇intricately 复杂的complicate 结构复杂的convolute 缠绕复杂的hieroglyph 神秘难解的文字符号complexity 复杂性intricate 复杂的minute 详细的cunning 精巧巧妙power 强大的difficult 困难arcane 密不外传的cant 行话，术语nightmare 噩梦，可怕的事情jargon 行话术语，黑话delicacy 精妙的circumlocution 委婉语euphemism 委婉语impenetrable 令人费解的，难以渗透的figurative 比喻性的allusive 暗喻的subtle 精细细微的unintelligible 难以理解的complex 复杂metaphorical 比喻性的professional 职业的expert 专家insider 内行的人dilemma 左右为难riddle 谜的enigmatic 谜一般的problematic 有问题的uneasiness 不容易的opacity 晦涩难懂的decipher 解码welter 繁杂混乱简单类词汇easily 容易的synoptic 概要的basic 基本的elementary 基本的simplicity 简单elementary 简单的simple 简单fundamental 基本的building block 基础材料simplemindedness 头脑简单simplistic 过分简单的uninitiate 没有初级知识的young 年轻impressionable 易受影响的naivete 幼稚sailed through 轻松的完成casual 不经意的literal 朴实无华的amateur 业余的obvious 肤浅的，显而易见的superficial 肤浅的recapitulate 概括幼稚类词汇young 年轻impressionable 易受影响naivete 幼稚childish 幼稚的成熟类词汇maturity 成熟重视类词汇relevant 重要的significance 重要respect 尊敬deference 敬重awe 敬重reverence 尊敬piety 虔诚vital 致命的important 重要的considerable 值得考虑的decorum 得体正派的overemphasize 过分强调revere 尊敬轻视类词汇dismiss 不重视overlook 忽略insignificant 不重要simple 简单underrate 低估unappreciate 未被欣赏neglect 忽视ignore 忽视omit 省略disparage 蔑视superfluous 肤浅的triviality 琐碎的superficial 肤浅的underestimate 低估disregard 忽略snub 冷落menial 卑微的trivial 琐碎的revile 辱骂taunt 辱骂美观奢华类词汇lavishly 奢华的flamboyant 华丽绚烂的extravagant 奢侈的sumptuous 奢华的richness 华美的，丰富的delicately 优美的colorfully 多彩华丽的subtly 精细细微的beauty 美丽aesthetic 美学的brocade 锦缎embroidery 装饰embellish 修饰实用简朴类词汇function 功能的drab 单调的simple 简单朴素的plain 朴素的sobriety 节制节俭的frugality 节俭普通类词汇routine 常规的similar 类似的laity 门外汉，俗人rank and file 低层次的practitioner 从业人员traditionalist 传统主义者qualify 引用conventionality 习俗惯例commonplace 通常的popular 通俗流行的everyday 日常，每一天partner 伙伴，对等的pervasive 普遍深入的unnoteworthy 不值得注意的norm 标准mediocrity 平庸平凡特殊类词汇establish 建立uniqueness 独一无二的distinctive 与众不同的unworldly 超凡脱俗的idiosyncratic 独特性prerogative 特权preeminent 卓越的singularity 单独specialization 专业化untraditional 非传统的unusual 不寻常的unrepresentative 非典型的相同类词汇common 共同的resemblance 类同similarity 类似agree 同意similar 类似的routine 常规counterpart 对等的parallel 类似的coherent 连贯的mediocre 普通的proportion 均衡equilibrium 平衡homogeneity 同种indistinguishable 不能区别的consensus 一致同意commonplace 平凡的agreement 一致的assimilate 吸收同化analogous 类似的comparable 类似的unify 统一的same 相同的traditional 传统的conventional 习俗惯例的simultaneously 同时的integration 整合uniform 统一的差异类词汇diverse 多样的，不同的，多变的contrast 对比variation 变化difference 不同inconsistent 不相一致的anomalous 不规则的alternate 替换的unique 独一无二的individual 单独的various 多样的anomaly 异常的absurd 荒谬的various 不同的divergent 分歧的disagreement 不同意的original 独创性discernible 可辨别的，差异的specialization 专业化revolutionary 颠覆性的variety 多样性practice 惯例irrelevant 不相关的dissimilar 不同的disagree 不同意controversial 可争论的thoughtful 有思想的优秀类词汇leader 领袖preeminent 卓越的powerful 强大的overwhelmingly 压倒性的talented 天才的inspire有灵感的classic 经典的coup 好主意original 有创意的wonderful 精彩的cunning 精巧，巧妙sailed through 轻松的excellent 优秀experience 富有经验proficient 精通熟练reliable 可靠的brilliant 聪明的outstanding 杰出的precise 精确的spectacular 引人入胜的maturity 成熟的steady 稳定的accomplish 技巧娴熟的incredible 难以置信的marvelous 难以置信的virtuosity 精湛的技巧influential 有影响力的trenchant 锋利犀利的intriguing 迷人的praise 表扬ingenious 有独创性的innovative 有创造力的capable 有能力的competent 有能力的realistic 真实可信的striking 令人震惊的notable 引人注意的exceptional 杰出的famous 著名的wisdom 智慧平庸类词汇laity 俗人，门外汉rank and file 低层次的equally 等同的perfunctory 敷衍了事的derivative 无创意的expediency 权宜之计mediocrity 平庸平凡clumsy 笨拙acceptable 尚可接受erratic 不稳定的inaccurate 不准确的inexact 不准确的uninspired 没有灵感的novice 新手unskilled 不熟练的commonplace 平凡的banal 陈腐的platitude 陈词滥调rigid 僵化inept 不适当的inopportune 不合时宜的unconscionable 不理智的conservative 保守独立类词汇solitary 独立的free-living 生活自由无拘束的independent 独立的autonomously 自治的privilege 特权apparition 离奇的出现dichotomy 互为分割，分裂的distinct 互不相关的national 民族的freedom 自由isolate 孤立absolute 独立的依靠类词汇dependent 依靠influence 影响imitation 模仿deference 拿自combine 结合synthesis 综合合成annexation 合并amalgam 混合物，汞合金reliance 依靠relevance 相关性ally 同盟transitional 过渡性的surrogate 代替品agent 代替，代理constitute 组成enclose 包围住parasite 寄生虫supplementary 补充的substitute 替代品integrate 密不可分，整合alternative 替代的connection 联系自由类词汇freedom 自由unfettered 无拘无束的liberty 自由powerful 权利license 许可independence 独立性individuality 个人特性impulsive 冲动的unrestrained 无限制的delightfully 欢快自由的约束类词汇limit 限制fetter 脚镣，限制imprison 禁锢trap 陷住duty 责任forbidden 禁止restriction 约束rigidity 严格imperative 规则martinet 严格的strict 严格的formal 合乎规矩的obedience 服从cooperation 合作rigor 严谨discipline 守纪律的caution 谨慎的manage 控制control over 控制control 可控的refrain 控制民主类词汇democratic 民主persuasion 有说服力的专政类词汇regimentation 管辖totalitarianism 集权主义intimidation 胁迫coercion 强迫authoritarian 独裁主义秘密类词汇reticent 沉默寡言privacy 秘密的underground 地下的，秘密的innuendo 含沙射影的withheld 抑制enclosure 围住，私有little-know 鲜为人知individual 个体的公开类词汇soliciting 劝说，询问establish 正统的，公开的public 公开的apprise 使注意掩盖类词汇veiled 掩饰的belie 掩盖，说明，证...伪mask 掩盖hide 隐藏揭示类词汇expose 揭露出来showing 展示reveal 揭示betray 暴露，揭露effectively communicate 有效地表达explicit 清楚的，显而易见的肯定类词汇allege 非官方的声称consult 咨询，查阅sustain 支持emphasize 强调endorsement 赞同assure 断然，确定support 支持demonstrate 证明credible 可信的savor 品味，体验triumph 成功test 证明enrich 丰富efficacy 有效beneficial 有益的advantage 优秀的apprehension 理解immense 无边的revolution 革命的breakthrough 突破milestone 里程碑fascination 爱好intensify 强化evaluate 评估judging 评判estimate 评估assert 断言accept 认可suggest 说明enamor 迷恋喜欢posit 假定precipitate 促成believe 相信propensity 倾向proclivity 倾向inclination 倾向promise 承诺certainty 确定determine 决定feasible 可行的necessary 必需的imperative 必要的available 可用的inform 获知confident 自信的valuable 有价值的understandable 可理解的affirm 断言intriguing 迷人的insist 坚持work 起作用sincerity 真诚regard 关注respect 尊敬adamant 坚定否定类词汇repudiate 批判skepticism 怀疑censure 责难rejection 拒绝relinquishment 放弃useless 无用的forestall 阻止resist 抵抗obviate 消除cease 停止incomprehension 不被理解heterodox 异端邪说的disregard 漠视limit 限制deter 阻止hamper 妨碍disrupt 破坏impair 破坏obscure 模糊，不确定lack 缺少awe of 恐惧inhibition 压抑，限制rancor 怨恨disappointing 让人失望的flagged 衰退reluctant 勉强refute 反驳doute 怀疑denial 拒绝impede 阻止constrain 抑制suppress 抑制irresponsible 不负责任的impaired 破坏sacrifice 牺牲withdrawal 收回weakness 缺点failure 失败ineffective 无效的hostile 敌对的cruel 残酷的vulnerable 易受攻击的counterproductive 反生产的unpopular 不受欢迎的impossible 不可能的nonexistent 不存在的impractical 不切实际的ridiculous 荒谬的folly 愚蠢的detrimental 有害的insignificant 不重要的discredit 怀疑repudiate 批判prevent 阻止defy 反抗weaken 削弱doubt 怀疑banish 驱逐denounce 指责eradicate 根除contrition 悔悟remorse 懊悔flaw 缺点resignation 放弃hinder 阻碍delay 延误futility 无意义的baffle 阻碍adversity 灾祸dismal 沮丧misleading 误导unsophisticated 没有智慧的error 错误conceal 隐瞒enigma 谜语unfounded 无理由的irrelevant 不相关的unrealistic 不切实际的imprudent 轻率地banal 平凡的repudiation 抛弃contempt 蔑视restrict 限制evade 逃避hatred 憎恨negative 否定的unstable 不稳定的ineffective 无效的信任类词汇emphasize 强调credulity 轻信convince 确信believe 相信trustworthy 可信赖credible 可信任的trust 信任certainity 确定credulous 轻信的gullibility 易上当受骗性honest 诚实true 真实authentic 可靠的sincere 真诚的怀疑类词汇skepticism 怀疑insincere 不真诚的deceptive 欺骗性的cheat 欺骗gouge 欺骗ambivalence 怀疑的skeptical 怀疑distrust 不信任suspicious 怀疑接受类词汇adjustment 接受，调整hospitable 好接受的prone 倾向于acceptance 接受排斥类词汇hostile 敌对的建设类词汇increase 增加rehabilitative 复原enhance 提高maintenance 维持破坏类词汇disrupt 破坏impair 破坏devastate 损毁的undermine 破坏disturb 扰乱intervention 干涉break 破裂ruin毁灭destroy 破坏revolutionary 颠覆性的repeal 废止violate 侵犯，违背infect 感染damage 破坏exacerbate 恶化vandalism 故意破坏艺术的行为perpetrate 犯罪行为harm 伤害lessen 消弱保护类词汇protection 保护毁灭类词汇ravage 毁坏mar 毁灭dilute 消弱推动类词汇precipitate 促成阻止类词汇deter 阻止stem 阻止impede 阻止constrain 抑制obstacle 妨碍impediment 妨碍成功类词汇dominate 统治overcame 战胜conquer 征服breakthrough 突破milestone 里程碑succeed 成功失败类词汇regression 倒退misjudgment 判断错误ineffective 无效counterproductive 达不到预期目标的undoing 破坏，失败submission 屈服lose 失败frustrate 失败failure 失败nonplus 难堪humiliate 使丢脸discomfit 挫败disgrace 使丢脸支持类词汇enthusiasm 积极，热心，支持sustain 支持support 支持accepted 公认的encourage 鼓励defend 支持，辩护establishment 确定follower 支持者loyal 忠诚的upheld 信仰publicize 宣扬endorse 支持friend 赞助人patronage 资助反对类词汇grudging 不愿意obstacle 阻碍resistance 反对rebellion 反抗antagonism 对抗defiance 对抗opposition 反对forestall 阻止oppose 反对struggle against 反对exception to反对confrontational 对抗性的antagonize 敌对的contrary 相反的discredit 否定的reject 反对contradict 反驳表扬赞美类词汇compliment 表扬，恭维praise 表扬reward 报酬adoration 赞美applaud 赞同recognition 赏识commend 称赞encourage 鼓励reproach 责难criticize 批评accuse 指责accusation 指责guilty 自我认罪nonplus 为难discomfit 挫败humiliate 使丢脸disgrace 使丢脸condescension 轻蔑decry 谴责disparage 蔑视denounce 谴责讽刺类词汇ridicule 嘲笑self-deprecation 自我贬低cynicism 对外界冷嘲热讽irony 讽刺ironic 讽刺的vitriolic 尖刻的caustic 刻薄的jeer 嘲弄喜欢类词汇adulation 吹捧veneration 尊敬fascination 喜欢enamored 迷恋favorite 喜欢cherish 珍爱的interest 喜欢endorsement 赞同affection 关爱congenial 性情温和的intimate 亲密的bless 祝福gratitude 感激boredom 厌倦antipathy 反感denial 排斥repugnance 反感censure 责难feud 仇恨vitriolic 刻薄的curse 诅咒disturb 讨厌indifference 冷漠中立类词汇neutral 中立愉悦类词汇hedonistic 快乐主义的pleasure 愉悦的agreeable 愉悦的pleasant 愉快的savor 欣赏happy 愉快charitable 善意的enjoyable 愉悦的elate 高兴的relieve 欣慰的悲伤类词汇melancholy 忧伤natsukashii 愉悦的忧伤sorrow 忧伤grieve over 悲痛disappoint 失望伤心的具体类词汇practice 事件experience 经验体验structure 结构function 功能physical 生理的sensible presence 可感知的存在抽象类词汇visionary 空想theory 理论idea 想法transcendental claim 超越经验的主张hypothesis 假设memory 回忆anticipation 预期thought 思维remote fact 遥远的事实policy 政策理论类词汇idealism 理想主义escapism 空想主义cynicism 犬儒主义individualism 个人主义sectarianism 宗派主义egalitarianism 平等主义理性类词汇technical 技术上的scientific 科学的reason 理性function 功能workday 日常工作的critical 评论的mature 成熟的realistic 现实主义的practicable 可实行的experience 体验intellectually 理性的reality 真实factually 真实的insightful 有洞察力的rationally 理性的pragmatic 实际的content 内容感性类词汇aesthete 唯美的aesthetic 审美的sensitivity 敏感性rhetoric 修辞学hyperbole 夸张法beauty 美丽madness 疯狂的irrational 无理性的longing for 渴望awe 畏惧curiosity 好奇apprehension 担忧，理解enthusiastic 热情的commiseration 同情feeling 情感emotion 感情art 艺术visionary 空想的empirically 以经验为主的intuition 直觉surmise 推测conjecture 推测tradition 传统inadvisable 不明智的impolitic 不理智的form 形式统计类词汇record 记录number 数字record-keeper 记录着documentation 材料bibliographer 目录学家statistical 统计的account 数据basis 依据精确类词汇precise 精确detail 详细的distinct 精确的模糊类词汇inexact 不精确inaccurate 不准确imprecision 不精确imprecise 不精确的正义类词汇innocence 清白virtue 美德good 善良established 正统的邪恶类词汇criminality 犯罪corruption 堕落evil 邪恶errant will 邪恶的意愿depraved 堕落的wrongdoing 做坏事fraudulent 欺骗性的异端邪说类词汇underground 地下的heretical 异端的incomprehension 不被理解的真诚类词汇candid 公正trustworthy 可信赖虚假类词汇insincerity 不真诚insincere 不真诚的feigned 伪装perfunctory 敷衍了事的untruth 不真实cheating 欺骗公正类词汇disinterested 客观公正冷静的neutrality 客观中立的disinterestedness 无私，公正detachment 客观公正的objectivity 客观的neutral 中立reality 事实impartial 公平的unbiased 无偏见的truth 真实evidence 证据fact 事实偏见类词汇bias 偏见construction 主观的解释prejudice 偏见partiality 偏袒subjectivity 主观的distort 扭曲empiricism 经验主义personal involvement 个人情感美德类词汇affection 关爱spare 节约adoration 关爱frugality 节俭outspoken 说话率直saving 节省economy 节约virtue 美德goodness 善良brave 勇敢gentleman 绅士elegance 典雅piousness 虔诚modesty 谦虚friendly 有好的堕落类词汇ribaldry 下流earthiness 粗俗vulgarity 粗俗shameless 无耻的voyeur 偷窥狂exhibitionist 暴露狂ingrate 忘恩负义的insatiably 贪得无厌的selfishly 自私的depraved 堕落wicked 不道德impiety 不尊敬缺点类词汇fondness 溺爱lavish 浪费stint 吝啬miserliness 吝啬fanatical 固执arrogant 自大defect 缺点indolence 懒惰fabricate 捏造avenge 为某人的某事报仇vindictive 报复性的frivolous 轻佻的flawed 缺点teasing 调侃bitter 怀恨的。

语言学填空

一、单项选择题1．关于“语言”的定义，下列说法不正确的一项是BA．语言是一种社会现象B．语言就是人们说出来的话C．语言的客观存在形式首先是有声的口头语言D．语言是一个符号系统2．关于“言语活动”、“语言”和“言语”三者之间的关系，下列说法不正确的一项是C A．“语言”等于“言语活动”减去“言语”B．“语言”是主要的，而“言语”是次要的C．“言语”是“言语活动”中的社会部分D．“语言”是从“言语活动”抽象出来的一个均质的系统3．索绪尔创立的语言学可以称为CA．传统语言学B．历史比较语言学C．结构主义语言学D．社会语言学4．从音质角度划分出来的最小语音单位是BA．音渡B．音素C．音位D．音节5．[p…]的发音特征是AA．双唇送气清塞音B．双唇不送气清塞音C．舌尖前送气清塞音D．舌尖前不送气清塞音7．说话人根据表达需要有意识地加上去的句重音是DA．节律重音B．语法重音C．固定重音D．强调重音8．下列关于语汇的表述中，正确的一项是DA．语汇是有意义的能独立使用的语言单位B．语汇是最小的有意义的语言单位C．语汇是固定词组和熟语的总汇D．语汇是一种语言中词和语的总和9．从词的构造方式看，汉语“健儿”一词属于CA.单纯词B．派生词C．复合词D．简缩词10．下列各个汉语词语中的“子”是词根语素的是CA．笼子B．鸽子C．瓜子D．日子11．下列关于语法的表述中，不正确的一项是CA．语法是关于词的构成变化和词构成词组和句子的规则B．语法是说本族语的人的直觉知识和约定习惯C.语法是与语音、语汇等要素互不相关的规则D．语法是与语音、语汇等相比变化较慢的现象13．下列关于词义模糊性的表述中，正确的一项是AA．词义所指范围边缘区域模糊，中心区域明确B．词义所指范围边缘区域明确，中心区域模糊C．词义所指范围边缘区域、中心区域都模糊D．词义所指范围边缘区域可能模糊14．“哈巴狗”和“狮子狗”指的是同一种狗，二者在词义上的主要差别是C A．理性意义不同B．语体色彩不同C．形象色彩不同D．语气意义不同15．下列各项中，含有降级述谓结构的是CA．他申请去北京进修B．你去请他比较好C．他取下了挂在墙上的地图D．他害怕老师批评他16．下列各项中，甲和乙之间是预设关系的是BA．(甲)他有一件西服——(乙)他有一件衣服B．(甲)他的西服破了——(乙)他有一件西服C．(甲)那个学生借给他一本《红楼梦》——(乙)那个人借给他一本《红楼梦》D．(甲)那个学生借给他一本《红楼梦》——(乙)那个学生借给他一本书17．1956年我国推行汉字简化方案，将繁体字改成简体字，这属于AA．正字法改革B．字符类型改革C．文字类型改革D．字符类型和文字类型改革18．汉语中的“基因”来自英语的gene，从该词产生的方式看，“基因”属于B A．纯粹音译词B．音译兼意译词C．意译词D．仿译词19.从语言的发展演变来看，语汇系统中最不易发生变化的是CA．通用语汇B.常用语汇C．基本语汇D．专用语汇20．关于社会方言的形成，下列说法不正确的一项是CA．社会方言大多是在语言的相互接触中形成的B．社会方言是随着社会的社群分化而产生的C．一种语言的内部有可能形成社会方言D．一种方言的内部有可能形成社会方言21．关于共同语的形成，下列说法不正确的一项是CA.并不意味着方言分歧已经消失B．并不意味着方言分歧将会扩大C.并不意味着方言最终将被取代D．并不意味着语言已经实现统一22．关于语言规范化的推行，下列说法不正确的一项是BA．主要由权威机构提出具体的规范意见B．主要由权威机构强制推行C．主要通过教育机构、大众传媒等渠道向社会推行D．主要是一个积极引导社会公众自觉遵守的过程23．关于语言获得的原因，下列学说中偏重于内部条件解释的是BA．模仿说B．天赋说C．强化说D．刺激反应说24．基本上不能说话，但仍能听懂别人说话，这种症状的失语症是B A．失读症B.布洛卡失语症C．失名症D．维尔尼克失语症25．关于“中介语”现象，下列说法不正确的一项是CA．“中介语”既不同于母语又不同于外语B．“中介语”是不断地从母语向外语靠近的语言形式C．即使是较高级的“中介语”也不能用于交际D．“中介语”越到外语学习后期发展就越慢26．词典最常见的分类是DA．语言词典和历史词典B．描写词典和历史词典C．百科词典和历史词典D．百科词典和语言词典1.语言符号具有可变性的根本原因在于语言符号的（A）A.任意性B.强制性C.离散性D.线性2.音高取决于（B）A.发音体振动的振幅B.发音体振动的频率C.发音体振动的持续时间D.共鸣器的形状3.听觉上最自然、最容易分辨的最小语音单位是（D）A.音素B.音位C.音渡D.音节4.就词重音而言，不能用来区别意义的是（C）A.自由重音B.移动重音C.固定重音D.不固定重音5.北京话“慢”单念时读[man]，但“慢慢儿”却有人读做[mai mar]，前一音节的语流音变现象是（B）A.同化B.异化C.弱儿D.增音6.“奥林匹克运动会”这个词包含的语素数量是（C）A.2个B.3个C.4个D.7个7.英语“worker”中的“-er”是（A）A.构词语素B.构形语素C.虚词语素D.词根语素8.下列汉语词语中的“儿”不属于词根语素（实义语素）的是（D）A.健儿B.女儿C.少儿D.花儿9.整个语汇系统的核心和基础是（D）A.通用语汇B.常用语汇C.一般语汇D.基本语汇10.一般语汇（非基本语汇）最重要的来源是（C）A.古语词B.方言词C.新造词D.外来词11.词组的聚合关系分类是指把词组分成（A）A.向心词组和离心词组B.联合词组和偏正词组C.基本词组和特殊词组D.简单词组和复杂词组12.把句子分成“单句”和“复句”，这种分类是（D）A.句子的句型类B.句子的句式类C.句子的功能类D.句子的简繁类13.“吓唬”和“恐吓”在非理性意义上的主要差别是（C）A.语气意义不同B.感情色彩不同C.语体色彩不同D.形象色彩不同14.下列关于词的本义和基本义关系的表述中，正确的一项是（C）A.二者总是一致B.二者总是不一致C.基本义比本义更常用D.本义比基本义更常用15.下列各项词义引申中，采用比喻方式的一项是（D）A.“锁”本指一种器具，后引申指凭借这一器具的行为B.“兵”本指兵器，后引申指使用兵器的人C.“南瓜”本指一种植物，后引申指这种植物的果实D.“后台”本指舞台的后面，后引申指在背后操纵、支持的人或集团16.下列关于等义词的表述中，正确的一项是（A）A.等义词是理性意义和非理性意义都完全相同的词B.等义词一般都能够长期并存C.等义词在语言表达上有一定的积极意义D.同义词大多是等义词17.“老王说服了小李”中“老王”是行为的施事，“小李”是行为的受事，这种意义是（B）A.语汇意义B.语法意义C.语境意义D.蕴含意义18.从现有文字史的资料来看，最早出现的字符大多是（D）A.记号B.笔画C.音符D.意符19.世界上最早的表音文字是（B）A.元音文字B.辅音文字C.意音文字D.全音位文字20.语言成分的借用，最常见、最突出的是（A）A.词语的借用B.语音成分的借用C.词缀的借用D.语法结构的借用21.下列几种类型的社会方言中，具有排他性的是（B）A.行话B.黑话C.官腔D.贵族语言22.以下对“思维”的表述中，正确的一项是（A）A.思维既包括思维活动，也包括思维结果B.思维分为感性思维和抽象思维两类C.思维的形式就是概念、判断、推理D.思维必须以语言为工具23.人类开始制造工具这种行为意味着（B）A.人类已经产生了语言B.人类已经产生了思维C.人类已经同时产生了语言和思维D.人类既没有产生语言，也没有产生思维24.患“失语症”是因为（B）A.大脑左、右半球的单侧化功能发生了改变B.大脑左半球的某个部位受到了损伤C.大脑的语言获得机制出现了遗传性障碍D.在语言临界期以前没有接触语言环境25.主要解释某个词语所代表事物的概念知识的一类词典是（D）A.历史词典B.信息词典C.语言词典D.百科词典26.从翻译技术的平面看，机器翻译可以分为四个层级，从低到高的排序是（A）A.单词、句法、语义、语境B.单词、语义、语境、句法C.单词、句法、语境、语义D.单词、语义、句法、语境1.下列关于“语言”的说法，不正确的一项是（D）A.语言系统是由多个子系统组合而成的B.语言是一个符号系统C.语言符号具有离散特征和线性特征D.语言符号的音义关系可以任意改变2.在二十世纪，对哲学、人类学、心理学、社会学等学科产生重大影响的语言学流派是（C）A.历史比较语言学B.心理语言学C.结构主义语言学D.社会语言学4.下列辅音音素都是塞音的一组是（B）A.[d, 1]B.[b, k]C.[p, n]D.[t, v]5. 从语音的社会功能角度划分出来的最小语音单位是（A）A.音位B.音素C.音节D.音渡6.句子语调的高低升降变化表现最为明显的是（C）A.句首部分B.句中部分C.句终部分D.句首和句终部分7.汉语普通话中的“我”和助词“的”单念时发音分别为[uo]和而在实际语流中，“我的”发音是这是语流音变中的（A）A.顺同化现象B.逆同化现象C.弱化现象D.异化现象8.语汇是词和语的集这是合，下列关于“语”的表述，正确的一项是（D）A.“语”是所有词组的集合B.“语”的意义是若干词的意义的加合C.“语”是可以拆分的语言片段D.“语”包括“固定词组”和“熟语”9.下列关于汉语词双音节化倾向的作用的说法，不正确的一项是（C）A.区别多义词的不同义项B.减少同音词C.减少同义词D.调整词的韵律节奏10.英语“students”中的“-s”是（C）A.虚词语素B.词根语素C.构形语素D.构词语素11.从词的构造方式看，下列各项中属于复合词的是（D）A.木头B.念头C.苦头D.山头12.下列现象中不属于词法手段的是（A）A.虚词B.重叠C.轻重音D.词形变化13.法语动词“是”的直陈式现在时有6种变化，比如“je (我) suis (是)”，“il (他) est (是)”，“nous (我们) sommes (是)”等，这反映了法语中什么样的谓词属性范畴（DA.时B.体C.态D.人称14.划分词类的最本质的标准是（A）A.分布标准B.意义标准C.形态标准D.逻辑标准15.下列词类从大类到小类的归类，不正确的是（C）A.实词—谓词—动词—及物动词B.实词—体词—名词—处所名词C.实词—谓词—助词—时态助词D.实词—体词—量词—名量词16.下面词组中，结构类型与其他各组不同的一组是（B）A.年轻漂亮/朴素大方B.我们大家/首都北京C.铁路民航/工人农民D.贯彻执行/讨论研究17.下列成对的词语中，属于相对反义词的一组是（D）A.成功—失败B.合法—非法C.本地—外地D.勤劳—懒惰18.下列句子的语义结构属于简单述谓结构的一项是（A）A.老王昨天买了一台彩电B.李辉去图书馆借了一本书C.他觉得不应该这样做D.他没接住小李传过来的球19.造成“北京人多”一句歧义的主要原因是（D）A.一词多义B.不同的句法结构关系C.不同的语义结构关系D.不同的层次构造20.下列关于音符来源的表述中，正确的一项是（D）A.音符是从笔画发展而来的B.音符是从记号发展而来的C.音符是从声旁转化而来的D.音符是从意符转化而来的21.目前已知的最古老的拼音文字是（C）A.古埃及文字B.古希腊文字C.腓尼基文字D.中国的甲骨文22.下列关于语言起源的表述中，正确的一项是（D）A.语言产生于人类对外界各种声音的摹仿B.语言产生于人们的相互约定C.语言是人类有意识地在短时间内创造出来的D.语言是人类在长期进化发展过程中创造出来的23.有一类词，它们的词义和构词方式都来自外语，构词语素则是本民族语言的，这类词属于（B）A.借词B.仿译词C.意译词D.音译兼意译词24.下列关于思维和语言的关系的说法，不正确的是（C）A.感性思维不一定借助语言进行B.抽象思维有时与语言有脱节C.发散思维完全不需要借助语言D.抽象思维以语言为主要工具25.在儿童语言获得的过程中，标志着儿童产生最早的语义能力的阶段是（A）A.单词句阶段B.双词句阶段C.简单句阶段D.复杂句阶段26.下列词典中，属于语言词典的是（B）A.《永乐大典》B.《汉语成语小词典》C.《小学生作文词典》D.《北京地名词典》1．关于“说话”这种口头交际行为，下列说法正确的一项是（D）A．只涉及心理问题，不涉及物理和生理问题B．只涉及物理问题，不涉及生理和心理问题C．只涉及生理问题，不涉及物理和心理问题D．既涉及心理问题，又涉及生理和物理问题2．判断两种话是不同语言还是同一种语言的不同方言应该主要参考（C）A．相互理解程度B．语言结构的差异程度C．共同的历史文化传统和民族认同感D．是否属于同一个国家3．关于语音四要素，下列说法不正确的一项是（B）A．在任何语言中，音高变化都是语调的主要构成要素B．能起区别语言意义作用的是绝对的音高、音强和音长C．音长是由发音体振动的持续时间决定的D．音强是由发音体振动的振幅大小决定的4．下列关于区别特征的表述中，不正确的一项是（B）A．音位是通过区别特征相互区别的B．区别特征完全取决于语音的自然属性C．音位的辨义功能由区别特征负担D．区别特征通常都表现为二项对立5．关于“复辅音”，下列说法不正确的一项是（B）A．复辅音是一个音节内两个或几个辅音的组合B．复辅音内的几个辅音彼此之间有过渡音联结C．复辅音内的几个辅音的音质变化是突变式的D．复辅音并不是所有语言中都存在的语音现象6．下列各项中，都是低元音的一组是（D）A．[y, æ] B．[a, ] C．[u, ] D．[ ]7．下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是（A）A．[k, ] B．[m, n] C．[n, ] D．[k,p]8．北京话“面”单念时读作[miæn],但“面包”却读作[miæmp u],这种语流音变现象是（C）A．弱化 B．增音 C．同化 D．异化9．关于现代汉语“洗”和“浴”两个语素，下列说法不正确的一项是（C）A．“洗”是成词语素，“浴”是不成词语素B．“洗”是自由语素，“浴”是黏着语素C．“洗”是不定位语素，“浴”是定位语素D．“洗”和“浴”都是实义语素10．下列各组中，三个复合词构词类型不一致的一组是（A）A．席卷耳鸣地震 B．打倒切断推翻C．发光散热出气 D．天地欢乐爱好11．下列各组词，吸收外来成分的手段存在不一致情况的一组是（D）A．丹麦挪威法兰西 B．沙拉咖啡麦当劳C．卡车啤酒立邦漆 D．香波克隆好莱坞12．语法规则的“抽象性”是指（A）A．对语言的结构和成分进行类的概括B．相同规则可在一个结构里重复使用C．语法规则之间可以相互推导和解释D．语法规则的发展变化过程十分缓慢13．语法现象可以分成“核心语法现象”和“外围语法现象”，其中“核心语法现象”主要是指（D）A．词语搭配问题 B．意义表达问题C．语音实现问题 D．句法结构问题14．主要功能是用来“造句”的同一级语法单位是指（C）A．语素和语素组 B．语素组和词 C．词和词组 D．词组和句子15．汉语中的词类（词的语法分类）可以首先分出的两个大类是（B）A．基本词和非基本词 B．实词和虚词C．典型词和兼类词 D．体词和谓词16．下列关于“直接组成成分分析法”（层次分析法）的表述，不正确的一项是（D）A．从最大的词组开始逐层切分，一直切分到词为止B．从最小的词开始逐层组合，一直组合到词组为止C．分析时要依据两条原则：“成结构”和“有意义”D．分析时采用的方法是“先分主干”和“后添枝叶”17．“汽车”和“卡车”是（A）A．上下位词 B．同义词C．等义词 D．近义词18．下列各项中，语义结构属于复合述谓结构的一项是（B）A．这样做不值得 B．他跑过去开门C．我们单位需要增加编制 D．他们正在研究如何筹集资金19．下列各项中，甲和乙是预设关系的一项是（C）A．（甲）他买了一支钢笔//（乙）他买了一支笔B．（甲）老王在小李的左边//（乙）小李在老王的右边C．（甲）他早就不在学校工作了//（乙）他以前在学校工作过D．（甲）什么水果他都吃过//（乙）他吃过苹果20．文字最基本的单位是（B）A．笔画 B．字符 C．偏旁 D．部首21．根据字符跟什么样的语言单位相联系的标准来分类，已知自源文字都属于（A）A．词语文字 B．语素文字 C．音节文字 D．音位文字22．在语言谱系分类的层级体系中，最大的类别是（C）A．语族 B．语支C．语系 D．语群23．在儿童学会说话的过程中，“双词阶段”标志着儿童产生的语言能力是（C）A．语音能力 B．语汇能力C．语法能力 D．语义能力24．“萨丕尔（E.Sapir）-沃尔夫（B. L. Whorf）假说”之所以被称作“语言相关论”，主要是因为他们认为（B）A．思维决定语言 B．语言决定思维C．语言和思维互不相干 D．语言和思维相互作用25．关于“中介语”现象，下列说法正确的一项是（C）A．“中介语”越到外语学习后期发展越快B．较高级的“中介语”也不能用于交际C．人们的中介语发展遵循大致相同的规律D．儿童学习母语过程中存在中介语现象26．从语言信息处理技术本身来看，下列各项中，属于未来一段时间研究的主攻方向的是（D）A．文字编码 B．语音识别C．文本检索 D．机器翻译。

扬子江GRE填空讲义(部分)解读

2009年GRE填空讲义主讲：杨子江欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材一、GRE填空简介GRE不是语言考试，所以GRE不考语法；GRE不是专业化考试，所以GRE不考专业知识1、ETS的GRE句子填空出题原则（1）公平：不涉及专业知识背景（2）重复：重复是信息逻辑的再现2、GRE 句子填空的突破点解题的线索来自于句子本身，句子只能是现象态度观点的表述3、GRE句子填空简介因为句子只能是现象态度观点的表述，所以句子中容易形成AB比较，容易出现明显的事件人物的特征，句子的主干容易表明主体的评价4、GRE句子填空的事件人物特征明显性，是有限条件的逻辑推理评论家特征，音乐家特征，科学家特征，法律特征，个人特征5、GRE句子填空题目分类：反义重复: 对立(时间), 转折同义重复: 同义解释, 并列递进, 目的手段因果重复的表现方式：词对词（上下义词）；词对句（广义概念）6、破解方法—复杂问题简单化简化单词记忆—词根词缀；简化句子—主谓宾结构7、填空课程的目的（1）英文能力的提高（2）逻辑性思维的提高（3）批判性思维的提高8、举例同义重复中文举例：（1）白大夫，白白白，就是让你__ 。

A 姹紫嫣红B 暗送秋波C 黑白无常D 碧波荡漾E 白（2）聪明的一休是一个______ 小和尚，他在____ 时候就表现出比他大很多的成年人都不能企及的智慧状态。

A 愚蠢的… 老眼昏花的B 弱智的… 幼儿的C 机灵的… 老年的D 有智慧的… 童年的E 可爱的… 小的反义重复中文举例：（1）虽然黑夜缩小了他们的活动范围，但却使悲戚伤怀成倍的得到了____ 。

A 变化B 忧郁C 消失D 扩大E 均等（2）他好出风头，恨不得自己成为每一场婚礼的新郎和_______________。

GRE填空考察考生的快速逻辑能力，GRE填空的重点在于多种解题思路下，快速的判断出正确的答案，因为社会需要效率型人才和稳定型人才9、如何同时提高效率和正确率填空部分学习前的水平：四级水平7对2-3，六级水平7对3-4考前一个月的水平：7对5-6二、填空题解题方法反义对立特征词far from, rath er …than；not …but, more … than；seemingly, on the other hand ；in fact, actually, in realityparadoxically, ironically；surprisingly, comparatively；unexpectedly, curiously；in contrast to, onthe contrary ；so much…as, decay from A to B；shift from…to, replace…with；distingish…from,reconcile…with；preferable…to, endorse A over Bfar from A, B: 远非A, 而是B，对立两方面中选择其一1. Many artists believe that successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of ______, is the first step in learning to be creative.(A) elegance(B) evil(C) genius(D) originality(E) sympathy2. Far from being ______, Susan was always ______ to appear acquiescent.(A) unctuous...loath(B) brazen...reluctant(C) ignoble...enthusiasm(D) obsequious...eager(E) gregarious...willing3. Ultimately, the issue's credibility is strained; the slender, though far from _______, web of evidence presented on one salient point is expected to support a vast ______ of implications.(A) unconvincing...cacophony(B) nonexistent...superstructure(C) indispensable...array(D) work(E) pendiumB, far from A；A rather than B : 而非:是A而不是B (肯定A)，对立两方面中选择其一4. As late as nineteen century a speaker assured his audience that since profitable farming was the result of natural ability rather than ______, an education in agriculture was ______.(A) luck...senseless(B) effort...difficult(C) eless(D) instruction...intellectual(E) science...vital5. Although the young trumpeter‘s _________ performance with the orchestra demons trated his technical competence, his uninspired style and lack of interpretive maturity labeled him as a novice musician rather than as a truly _________ performer.(A) spectacular...conventional(B) blundering...artistic(C) marginal...inept(D) steady....accomplished(E) dazzling...unskilled音乐家特征: 优秀对平庸表优秀的特征词汇: talent ；inspire；brilliant；maturity；accomplish表平庸的特征词汇: Mediocrity；derivative；perfunctory ；uninspire；novice；unskill6．In retrospect, Peterson's students appreciated his_______ assignments, realizing that such assignments were specifically designed to _______ original thought rather than to review the content of his course.(A) conventional...explain(B) didactic...ingrain(C) intimidating...thwart(D) enigmatic...stimulate(E) difficult...discourage7. Because time in India is conceived statically rather than dynamically, Indian languages emphasize nouns rather than verbs, since nouns express the more ______ aspects of a thing.(A) paradoxical(B) stable(C) conventional(D) temporal(E) irionic8. As the creation of new knowledge through chemistry has become ______ resistance to innovation has become less ______, taking the form of inertia rather than direct attack.(A) controversial ...sporadic(B) suspect ...onset(C) essential ...effective(D) public ...circumspect(E) institutionalized ...aggressiveparadoxical :矛盾的, 似非而是的，对立两面选择其一9. Paradoxically, England’s colonization of North America was _______ by its success: the increasing prosperity of the colonies diminished their dependence upon, and hence their loyalty to, their home country.(A) explicate(B) undermined(C) determined(D) altered(E) distinguished10. According to Lionel Trilling, the paradox of liberalism was that in its quest for freedom it must move toward greater organization, stricter legislation, and increasing .(A) anarchy(B) self-realization(C) stagnation(D) control(E) levity11. Unlike many recent interpretations of Liszt's piano sonatas, the recitalist’s performance was a delightfully free and introspective one; nevertheless, it was also, seemingly paradoxically, quite ______.(A) exuberant(B) appealing(C) controlled(D) idiosyncratic(E) uninspired12. Although ______ in her own responses to the novels she reviewed, the fiction critic was, paradoxically, ______ those who would deny that a reviewer must have a single method of interpretation.(A) dogmatic...impatient with(B) indulgent...indebted by(C) partisan...hostile toward(D) capricious...intrigued by(E) eclectic...suspicious of13. The concept of timelessness is paradoxical from the start ,for adult consciousness is ______ by the awareness of duration.(A) permeated(B) intrigued(C) repelled(D) measured(E) acceleratedseemingly : 表面上的, 貌似，对应于实际上的，对立两面选择其一14. The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly ______ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.(A) exploited(B) remarkable(C) controversial(D) inexhaustible(E) quantifiable15. Physical scientists who are on the cutting edge of research must often violate common sense and make seemingly_________assumptions because existing theories simply do not _________newly observed phenomena.(A) inexact...corroborate(B) vague...incorporate(C) absurd...explain(D) mistaken...reveal(E) radical...confirmin fact : 事实上,实际上，与表面上的事实相反，表对立情况16. In scientific studies, supporting evidence is much more satisfying to report than are discredited hypotheses, but, in fact, the _______ of errors is more likely to be ________ than is the establishment of probable truth.(A) refinement...conditional(B) correction...ignored(C) eful(D) accumulation...agreeable(E) formulation...permittedactually : 事实上, 实际上*17. Human reaction to the realm of thought is often as strong as that to sensible presences; our higher moral life is based on the fact that ______ sensations actually present may have a weaker influence on our action than do ideas of ______facts.(A) familiar...symbolic(B) material...remote(C) emotional...impersonal(D) definitive...controversial(E) disturbing...ordinaryA more ... than B；more A … than B；A more副词/形容词thanB : 对A的修饰 A > B18. Our young people, whose ______ sensitivities have not yet become ______, have a purer and more immediate response than we do to our environment.(A) sophisticated...perceptive(B) keen...calloused(C) dull...numbed(D) impartial...disinterested(E) native...excited19. Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austen’s novels has oscillated between _________ and condescension; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary _________.(A) approbation...precursors(B) disapproval...readers(C) adoration...contemporaries(D) indifference...followers(E) dismissal...admirers20. Because the report contained much more information than the reviewwes needs to see, the author was asked to submit a ______ instead(A) critique(B) soliloquy(C) treatise(D) prerequisite(E) compendiumnot A, but B: 不是A, 而是B. 引导对立比较21. Artificial light________ the respiratory activity of some microorganisms in the winterbut not in the summer, in part because in the summer their respiration is already at its peak and thus cannot be ________(A) enhances...increased(B) inhibits...quickened(C) reflects...expanded(D) elevates...measured(E) stimulates...lessened22. In response to the follies of today’s parliaments, the councillor does not _________inflamed indignation, but rather _________ the detachment and smooth aphoristic prose of an eighteenth-century wit.(A) resort to...spurns(B) rely on...avoids(C) suppress...clings to(D) express...affects(E) display...rails at23. Personnel experts say that attractive benefits alone will not always keep ______ executives from changing jobs for better long-range opportunities, but they think the enticements may deter many executives from accepting ______ offers from other companies.(A) dedicated...advantageous(B) ambitious...routine(C) unqualified...inferior(D) experienced...superior(E) discontented...preferablecontrary : 相反的24. Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity, science often operates through error, happy accidents, ______ and persistence in spite of mistakes.(A) calculations(B) controls(C) hunches(D) deductions(E) facts科学类题目的考点特征: 公正对偏见；独立对依靠；定对变化；杂对简单；同对差异科技类题目的考点特征: 增加对减少25. Contrary to the antiquated idea that the eighteenth century was a _________ island of elegant assurance, evidence reveals that life for most people was filled with uncertainty and insecurity.(A) sprawling(B) declining(C) tranquil(D) recognized(E) clannishin contrast to : 相比较26. In contrast to the substantial muscular activity required for inhalation, exhalation is usually a ______ process.(A) conscious(B) passive(C) relax(D) complex(E) slow27. The boy’s ______ natures were in sharp contrast to the even-tempered dispositions of their parents.(A) artless(B) blithe(C) phlegmatic(D) introverted(E) mercurial反义转折之时间对比时间对比是反义对立的子集；间相反, 产生对立，即否定过去，来否定现在时间对比特征词:before, once, previous，urrent, now, until ，nitially, recently, early，ormerly, pristine, firstafter, yesterday, begin，tart, origin, often，sually, heretofore, hitherto，o longer, as long asbefore : 之前，与recent，later对立28. Often the difficulties of growing up in the public eye cause child prodigies to ________ the world of achievement before reaching adulthood: happily, they sometimes later return to competition and succeed brilliantly.(A) demur(B) conquer(C) retire from(D) antagonize(E) ridicule29. Before adapting to changes in new concept, many prefer to ______, to ______ the universally agreed-on principles that have been upheld for centuries.(A) revert ...ignore(B) resist ...defend(C) ponder ...subvert(D) vacillate ...publicize(E) invert ...protectRevert、invert例：1011 01100110 1101 revert0100 1001 invertrecent : 现在，与before, often, early, previous, pristine对立30. A number of critics who once greatly _________ the literary critic have recently recanted, substituting _________ for their former criticism.(A) honored...adulation(B) influenced...analysis(C) simulated...ambivalence(D) disparaged...approbation(E) lauded...censure批评家类题目的特征：1、表扬对批评；2、支持对反31. Belying his earlier reputation for ______ as a negotiator, Charles had recently assumeda more ______ stance for which many of his erstwhile critics praised him.(A) bative(B) impropriety...intolerant(C) inflexibility...unreasonable(D) success...authoritative(E) intransigence...conciliatoryearly : 早期的，与recent对立32. My brothers often found others laughable, but I learned quite early to be ____________ while people were present, laughing only later at what was funny and mocking what to us seemed______.(A) superficial...deplorable(B) impatient...unfortunate(C) facetious...enviable(D) wistful...extraordinary(E) arreprevious : 早先的，与recent对立33. The harmonious accommodation reached by the warring factions exemplifies the axiom that ______ is possible among people of goodwill, even when they have previously held quite ______ perspectives.(A) coexistence...fixed(B) tension...congenial(C) agreement...unequivocal(D) compromise...antagonistic(E) candor...indistinguishableinitially : 起初，与once同义, 与after对立34. Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry, even now only a few independent observers _________ his works.(A) neglect(B) revile(C) scrutinize(D) criticize(E) praiseuntil : 直到…才, 除非，与“过去”对立35. A code of ethics governing the behavior of physicians during epidemics did not exist until 1846 when it was _________ by the American Medical Association.(A) rescinded(B) promulgated(C) presupposed(D) depreciated(E) implied36. Wearing the latest fashions was exclusively the _________ of the wealthy until the 1850's, when mass production, aggressive entrepreneurs, and the availability of the sewing machine made them _________ the middle class.(A) aspiration...disagreeable to(B) vexation...superfluous for(C) bane...profitable to(D) prerogative...accessible to(E) obligation...popular withno longer : 不再，与“过去”对立37. Calculus, though still indispensable to science and technology, is no longer _______ ; it has an equal partner called discrete mathematics.(A) pragmatic(B) pertinent(C) beneficial(D) essential(E) preeminentnow : 现在，与“过去”对立38. Within the next decade, sophisticated telescopes now orbiting the Earth will determine whether the continents really are moving, ______ the incipient ______ among geologists about the validity of the theory of continental drift.(A) resolving...rumors(B) forestalling...rift(C) escalating...debates(D) engendering...speculation(E) obviating...consensus弗洛伊德心理学、马克思经济学、达尔文进化论、魏格纳大陆板块漂移学说、二氧化碳与温室效应39. The idealized paintings of nature produced in the eighteenth century are evidence that the medieval _________ natural settings had been _______ and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed without trepidation.(A) enthusiasm for...confronted(B) concerns about...regained(C) affection for...surmounted(D) disinterest in...alleviated(E) fear of...exorcised反义转折特征词:although, though, even though，but, despite, however, unlike，in spite of, neverthelesswhile, whatever, nonetheless，regardless, without, none，as…as, even if, yet…although : 虽然, 尽管，表转折关系(A)(B)(C)(D)(H)155.1 “The show must go on” is the oldest___of show business; every true performer live by that creed.(A)euphemism (B)allegory (C)precusor (D)tenet (E)corroboration155.3 ___by life’s ___, the last emperor of China worked as a lowly gardener in the palace over which he had once ruled.(A)Forthfied….generosity (B)Deluded…coincidences(C)Humbled…vicissitudes (D)Venerated…survivors(H)Recognized…impostors155.5 A___glance pays___attention to details.(A)furtive…meticulous (B)cursory…little (C)cryptic…close (D)keen…scanty (H)fleeting…vigilant156.6 A___person is one who will___something on the slinghtest of evidence.(A)restive…forget (B)garrulous…criticize (C)maudlin…censure (D)phlegmatic…condemn (H)credulous…believe156.7 A New World lizard, the basilisk, occasionally does something that seem to ___ physics: it tuns across the surface of water for distances of up to thirty feet.(A)defy (B)quantify (C)assess (D)exemplify (H)corroborate156.8 A born tleeer of tales, Olsen used her imoressive___skills to advantage in her story “I Stand Here Ironing.”(A)domestic (B)metaphysical (C)narrative (D)diagnostic (H)argumentative156.10 A diligent scholar, she devoted herself __to the completion of the book.(A)assiduously (B)ingenuously (C)theoretically (D)voluminously (H)sporadically157.13 A leading philosopher of our time, Ludwig Wittgenstein, laid down a __to which good historians __: “Of that of which nothing is known nothing can be said.”(A)burden…protest (B)law…amend (C)rule…adhere (D)maxim…succumb (H)weapon…surrender158.22 According to the Senator , it was not __for a plitician in search of votes to ___a mother on the beauty of her plain child; it was merely sound political common sense.(A)kindness…ridicule (B)folly…intimidate (C)hypocrisy…compliment(D)sensitivity…evaluate (H)wisdom…reprimand158.23 Achaeologists are involved in __ Mayan temples in Central America, uncovering the ols ruins in order to learn more about the civilization they represent.(A)demolishing (B)incapacitating (C)excavating (D)woeshiping (H)asapting29.5. Although ______, almost self-effacing in his private life, he displays in his novels and essays a strong ______ publicity and controversy.(A) monotonous...reliance on(B) conventional...interest in(C) shy...aversion toward(D) retiring...penchant for(E) evasive...impatience withre+ tire[唯物] 引退, 退休[唯心] 内向, 沉默寡言WB* 2 : to withdraw especially for privacy *retired to her room*个人性格的特征：积极对消极（外向对内向）严肃对幽默肯定对否定：表积极的特征词汇：表消极的特征词汇：表严肃的特征词汇：表幽默的特征词汇：表肯定的特征词汇：表否定的特征词汇：36.5. Jackson had idolized the professor so much for so long that even after lunching with her several times he remained quite ________ in her presence and as a result, he could not really be himself.(A) pleased(B) disregarded(C) heartened(D) laxness(E) inhibited34.4 As is often the case with collections of lectures by ________ authors, the book as a whole is ________, although the individual contributions are outstanding in themselves.(A) different...disconnected(B) incompetent...abysmal(C) famous...systematic(D) mediocre...unexciting(E) various...coherent40.3 Although strong legal remedies for nonpayment of kids support are ________, the delay and expense associated with these remedies make it _________ to develop other options.(A) nonexistent...ridiculous(B) required...impossible(C) available...imperative(D) unavailing...impractical(E) eful43.7Although a few critics gave the opposition's suggestions a ______ response, most greeted the statement of a counterposition with ______.(A) posure(B) dispirited...reluctance(C) surly...resentment(D) favorable...approval(E) vitriolic...civilitythough: 虽然,尽管,可是: 表转折关系During the widespread fuel shortage, the price of kerosene was so ______ that suppiers were genweally thought to be ______ the consumer.(A) prohibitive ... placatingr(B) stable ... blackmailing(C) depressed ... cheating(D) reactive ... shielding(E) excessive ... gougingE35.6Though feminist in its implications, Leo's 1971 novel _________ the fictionist’s active involvement in feminist politics.(A) renewed(B) portrayed(C) encouraged(D) preserved(E) antedatedE33.2,Adela's rejection of the concept of continuity in Western thought, though radical, was not unique; she had _________ in the United States who, without knowledge of her work, developed parallel ideas.(A) critics(B) counterparts(C) disciples(D) admires(E) publisherseven though : 即使: 表转折关系11.3. Even though in today’s Ukraine the ______ the Muslim clergy have been accorded power and privileges, the Muslim laity and the rank-and-file clergy still have little ______ to practice their religion.(A) traditionalists among...incentive(B) dissidents within...obligation(C) adversaries of...inclination(D) leaders titude(E) practitioners among...opportunityclerkclergy英文换字法元音字母的替换规律辅音字母的替换规律元音字母的替换规律a,e,i,o,u,yinquireenquireinquiryenquity辅音字母的替换规律:发音相近b,p,f,v,phc,g,k,qus,t,dtibetwolfwolvesphoto fotooptic optikkitkittenkittycatcs辅音字母的替换规律:拼写混淆m,n,u,v,y,j,gf,tannennevfintindespite : 尽管: 表转折关系E33.5Despite an agreement between directorate and management to keep the print and electronic media ______ developments, the details of the negotiations were ______ all but a few journalists from the major metropolitan newspapers.(A) ignorant of ...suppressed by(B) involved in...leaded to(C) apprised of...withheld from(D) speculating about...denied to(E) abreast of...disclosed toE51.6The labor union and the company's management, despite their long history of unfailingly acerbic disagreement on nearly every issue, have nevertheless reached an unexpectedly _________, albeit still tentative, agreement on next year's contract.(A) conclusive(B) onerous(C) hesitant(D) reluctant(E) swifthowever : 然而: 表转折关系E32.6However ________ they might be, Roman arts were bound to have some favorite earlier arts whom they would ________.(A) subservient...imitate(B) independent ...inspire(C) original...emulate(D) creative...admire(E) talented...neglect40.6Manipulating laboratory tissue cultures with hormones is one thing; using hormones to treat human beings, however, is contingent on whether hormones that _______ in the laboratory can affect _________ organisms, and in predictable ways.(A) reproduce...unknown(B) succeed...simple(C) fail...cellular(D) work...whole(E) develop...similarwhereas : 尽管, 然而: 表转折关系38.5.An obvious style, easily identified by some superficial quirk, is properly _____ as a mere mannerism, whereas a complex and subtle style _____ reduction to a formula.(A) cultivated...demands(B) decried...resists(C) prized...withstands(D) identified ...consists of(E) avoided...risks58.1In the eighteenth century, novelists and unsympathetic travelers portrayed the American West as a land of______ adversity, whereas promoters and idealists created ______ image of a land of infinite promise.(A) unremitting...a compelling(B) incredible...an underplayed(C) dispiriting...an identical(D) intriguing...a luxuriant(E) lurid...a mundaneunlike : 和…不同: 表转折关系Unlike a judge, who must act alone, a jury discusses a case and then reaches its decision as a group, thus minimizing the effect of ______ bias.(A) unarticulated(B) professional(C) individual(D) unexpected(E) legalE44.3Unlike other creatures, who are shaped largely by their _________ environment, human beings are products of a culture accumulated over centuries, yet one that is constantly being _______ by massive infusions of new information from everywhere.(A) limited...superseded(B) surrounding...upheld(C) immediate...transformed(D) natural...mechanized(E) harsh...unconfirmedwhile : 虽然: 在句首表转折关系在句中表递进关系8.5.While not completely nonplussed by the unusually caustic responses from members of the audience, the speaker was nonetheless visibly ______ by their lively criticism.(A) humiliated(B) discomfited(C) tantalized(D) disgraced(E) deluded同一主体同一状态，所有转折都表示程度转折disgreace :To bring shame or dishonor onhumiliate : to reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes or others' eyes : MORTIFYdiscomfit: To make uneasy or perplexed; disconcert.See Synonyms at embarrassnonplus : : a state of bafflement or perplexity : QUANDARY To put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do; bewilder.字典的使用印刷版软件版Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary and Thesaurus Version 2.5/3.0 1CDMerriam-Webster’s unabridged Dictiona r在线版英汉版WORD的翻译韦氏的英汉版—Office Word 翻译工具Iphone版韦氏的便携版电子词典Merriam-Webster’s For iPhone &Touch不推荐使用金山词霸的简明英汉fabulous可以参考里面的美国传统双39.7The sea was not an ________the ________of the windmill; on the contrary, while the concept of the new invention passed quickly from seaport to seaport, it made little headway inland.(A) impediment to...creation(B) issue in ...acceptance(C) aid to...designers(D) obstacle to...diffusion(E) element in...evolution51.3While not _________ with the colorfully obvious forms of life that are found in a tropical rain forest, the desert is _________ to a surprisingly large number of species.(A) confronted...home(B) endowed...detrimental(C) imbued...hostile(D) teeming...host(E) brimming...foreignwithout : 没有: 表转折关系It is to the novelist’s credit that all of the episodes in her novel are presented realistically, without any ______ or playful supernatural tricks.(A) elucidation(B) discrimination(C) whimsy(D) authenticity(E) artlessnesto sb.’s credit为某人带来荣誉是某人努力的结果episodesertprometheusepimetheus37.1In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional integrity; it can be efficient only if it has been _________without loss from primeval times to the present practitioner.(A) aggrandized(B) realized(C) transmitted(D) manipulated(E) conventionalizedtransmitmissilemissmessmismitE56.5The legislators of 1663 realized the ________ of trying to regulate the flow of labor without securing its reasonable remuneration, and so the second part of the statute dealt with establishing wages.(A) decadence(B) anxiety(C) futility(D) necessity(E) intricacybut : 但是: 表转折关系9.4.In Franch her startling powers as a novelist are widely ______, but she is almost unknown in the German-speaking world because of the difficulties of ______ her eccentric prose.(A) ignored...editing(B) admired...translating(C) espoused...revealing(D) prehending(E) dispersed...transcribingSir, your brain is really seperated completely, there is nothing right in your left brain, and there is nothing left in your right brain.29.1. Social scientists have established fairly clear-cut ______ that describe the appropriate behavior of children and adults, but there seems to be ______ about what constitutes appropriate behavior for adolescents.(A) studies...misapprehension(B) estimates...indirectness(C) norms...confusion(D) regulations...certainty(E) functions...rigidity18.5. Number theory is rich in problems of an especially ______ sort: they are tantalizingly simple to state but ______ difficult to solve.(A) elegant...rarely(B) spurious...equally(C) abstruse...ostensibly(D) vexing ...notoriously(E) cryptic...deceptivelynot note意义方向相反的同义词seducetantaliseinstructioneducationself-deprecationcynicismdiminishdebilitateaccuseguilty36.4Prior to the work of Heckel, illustrations of fish were often beautiful but rarely _________;this fact, combined with the ______ nature of most nine-teenth-century taxonomic descriptions, often kept scientists from recognizing differences between species.(A) impressive...inaccurate(B) realistic...detailed(C) traditional...progressive(D) precise...inexact(E) distinctive...sophisticated41.5.Art _________ science, but that does not mean that the artist must also be a scientist; an artist uses the fruits of science but need not _________ the theories from which they derive.(A) resembles...contest(B) incorporates...understand(C) transcends...abandon(D) imitates...repudiate(E) precedes...anticipateE54.4,Always circumspect, she was reluctant to make judgments, but once arriving at a conclusion, she was ________ in its defense.(A) negligent(B) obsequious(C) intransigent(D) deferential(E) nonplussed58.6He had expected gratitude for his disclosure, but instead he encountered ______ bordering on hostility.(A) indifference(B) discretion(C) openness(D) ineptitude(E) patience62.5.She was criticized by her fellow lawyers not because she was not ______, but because she so ______ prepared her cases that she failed to bring the expected number to trial.(A) astute...efficiently。

杨子江-GRE填空词汇分类(便携整理版)

杨子江-GRE填空词汇分类（便携版）静止对运动稳定对变化稳定类词汇preserve 稳定，保存permanent 永远的reliable 可靠的hierarchy 等级体系strata 等级系统caste 职业和社会的等级compatible 一致的，兼容的stereotype 固定不变的slow 缓慢steady 稳定constant 不变的，恒量ponderous 笨重的，呆板的ingrain 牢固的变化类词汇capricious 变化无常，任意多变change 变化，改变shorten 缩短preempt 取代，先占revise 修订improve 改进tailor 修剪，修改substitute 替代alter 改变ephemeral 转瞬即逝的，多变的sensitive 敏感的，多变的faddish 流行的fashion 时尚mobility 移动性modify 改变enlarge 扩大varied 变化，多样supersede 取代inventive 创新的transform 变形，改变shape 塑形，塑造alternative 可选的mutability 易变性flexible 可折的，可弯曲的develop 发展adaptation 适应divergence 分歧reverse 逆转，反转random 随机的，任意的mercurial 多变的永恒对短暂永恒类词汇immutability 永恒constant 持续，永恒perennial 永远的consistently 持续地definitive 终极的close the book on sth. 最终完成某事persist 持之以恒，持续的坚持steady 稳定unchanged 不变的timeless 永恒的unalterable 不变的timelessness 永恒短暂类词汇transitoriness 短暂unique 独一无二的，绝无仅有的ephemeral 转瞬即逝的，短暂的temporary 暂时的，临时的evanescent 逐渐消失的transitory 短暂的duration 持续一段时间创新对保守创新类的词汇human intellect 人类的理智creative reasoning 创新的推理skeptical 怀疑精神enlightened intellectual 开明豁达的creative 创新reformer 改革者informed 见多识广的active 积极的ingenious 有独创性的innovative 有创新的adventurous 喜欢冒险的aggressive 进取的originality 独创性original 独创的inspired灵感的保守类的词汇machinelike world 机械的世界mechanical nature 机械的性质doctrinaire 教条主义orthodoxy 正统的prudent 谨慎的imprison 禁锢，监禁stability 稳定dogmatist 教条主义者disciplined 训练有素的uninspired 无灵气的rigid 僵化的tradition 传统conservative 保守institutionalize 制度化repressive 压制的模仿对创新模仿类词汇imitation 机械的模仿mimic 拟态，模仿emulate 通过模仿而超越parody 拙劣的模仿simulate 假装，冒充的模仿pattern 仿造mock 嘲弄的模仿impersonate 扮演，模仿积极对消极积极类词汇enthusiasm 热情active 积极adaptive 适应的selective 选择性的inquisitive 好奇的intuitive 直觉的optimism 乐观主义encourage 鼓励participate 参与lively 生动活泼的spiritedness 有精神的，活泼的compete 竞争profitability 有利益的thinking 思考react 反应working individual 独立工作stimulate 刺激monomania 偏执狂beneficent 有益的tendentious 有倾向的keen 敏锐的excite 激动的sophisticate 有智慧的discharge 履行incentive 有动机的profitable 有利可图的penchant 有倾向的victory 征服triumph 胜利消极类词汇perfunctory 冷淡grudging 勉强passive 消极dampen 使沮丧prevent 阻碍beset 困扰postpone 推迟unpromise 没有希望的flatness 平淡的tedious 单调的recipient 接受dismal 令人沮丧的disappoint 让人失望的human machine 人类的机器discourage 丧失勇气callous 麻木的，铁石心肠的dull 迟钝的numb 麻木的withdraw 脱离中性类词汇receptive 有接受能力的innocuous 无害的neutral 中立的disinterested 客观公正的内向对外向性格内向类词汇self-effacing 自我谦卑shy 害羞evasive 逃避retire 羞怯，沉默的diffident 缺少自信reserve 沉默拘谨inhibit 羞怯的reticent 沉默eschew 躲避introvert 性格内向的性格外向类词汇publicity 公开性controversy 论辩contentious 好争吵的facetious 幽默的presumptuous 专横的intrepid 勇猛的be oneself 大方instigate 鼓动显性对隐性显性类词汇reappear 再次出现public 公开embellish 装饰intimate 表示admire 羡慕，推崇espouse 支持隐性类词汇abeyance 暂时的停止reticent 沉默privacy 隐私innuendo 含沙射影的说话veil 掩饰unknown 不被人所知belie 掩饰mask 掩盖激动对安静激动类词汇explosive 爆炸性的violent 狂暴的eruption 爆发volatile 不稳定的agitate 激动的tension 紧张不安intensity 强烈vitality 活力excitement 刺激fervent 炙热的passionate 充满热情的violent 强烈的promptness 敏捷，机敏inflame 激动地indignation 愤怒mercurial 喜怒无常的dynamically 动态的安静类词汇quiescence 静止meditative 沉思冥想tepid 乏味不热情dormancy 休眠tranquil 安静的serene 平静的serenity 平静nostalgia 乡愁，怀旧placidity 平静disinterested 冷静的sedentary 久坐不动的dormant 睡眠，静止的even-tempered 平和的phlegmatic 冷静的statically 静态地breathing spell 短暂的休息moratorium 暂停延缓严肃对幽默严肃类词汇gravity 严肃seriousness 严肃realistically 真实性authenticity 真实性，权威性respect 尊敬polite 有教养的reverence 尊敬piety 虔诚awe 敬畏prig 一本正经的人，道学先生幽默类词汇facetious 幽默的laughter 幽默playful 嬉戏的supernatural trick 超自然的花招whimsy 怪念头，奇思妙想clumsy 笨拙的ludicrous 荒唐可笑amusing 有趣的laughable 可笑funny 可笑bizarre 奇异可笑的冲突对和谐冲突类词汇different 不同的conflict 冲突exclusive 排斥性的struggle 斗争，奋争rivalry 斗争，竞争intransigence 毫不妥协anomalous 反常，异常deny 拒绝contradictory 反对的nonplus 为难humiliate 使丢脸discomfit 难堪disgrace 使丢脸rift 断裂，不和debate 争论irony 讽刺savage 野蛮的ruthless 无情的vindictive 报复性的dichotomous 分裂的，分成两个的contrary 反对incompatible 不调和的disruptive 分裂性的intervention 干涉disturb 扰乱provocative 引起争论的challenge 挑战question 质疑crossfire 交叉火力的攻击tussle 争斗hostility 敌对状态bitter 怀疑feud 不和vitriolic 尖酸刻薄的truculent 好战凶猛的competitive 强烈竞争的cynicism 犬儒主义的quarrel 争吵sarcastic 讽刺的acrimonious 严厉辛辣的divergent 有分歧的relegation 驱逐，丢弃disparage 贬低intolerant 不容忍的combative 好斗的inflexibility 不屈服的setback 挫折antagonistic 敌对的oppressive 压抑的bankrupt 破裂的dissolution 解体censure 指责和谐类词汇agree 同意adjust 调整resolve 化解harmonious 和谐的wholeness 一体的reconcile 和解，化解brook 对别人的容忍forbear 对自己的克制allow for 允许consensus 一致同意kindness 亲切satisfaction 满意balance 平衡credit 相信tout 支持，吹捧advocate 支持prefer 更喜欢tease 调侃，挑逗friendly 友好的congenial 性格温和的intimate 亲密无间的tolerant 包容容忍的compromise 妥协negotiate 商谈idealism 理想主义utopian 乌托邦democracy 民主etiquette 礼节courteous 有礼貌的assimilate 吸收，同化unanimous 统一的conciliatory 抚慰commend 称赞optimistic 乐观的accommodation 融合迁就coexistence 共存endorsement 赞同worthwhile 有价值的stable 稳定的harmony 和谐攻击对防守攻击类词汇kill 杀死terrorize 使恐怖ravage 毁坏decimate 大批杀害against 对抗coup 打击，好主意provoke 挑衅objection 反对attack 攻击undermine 破坏provocative 引起争议的challenge 挑战question 质疑beleaguer 围攻assail 攻击的overwhelm 完全制服防守类词汇protect 保护expediency 权宜之计fortify 防御工事maintain 维护stabilize 稳定defend 防卫reinforce 增援fortresslike 堡垒一样的服从对抵抗服从类词汇compliance 服从tacit 默许deign 屈尊scruple 有顾虑的unctuous 假意殷勤acquiescent 勉强顺从obsequious 阿谀奉承submission 屈服抵抗类词汇never scruple to do sth. 肆无忌惮的做某事intend 故意的refuse 拒绝insubordinate 不顺从的contravene 违反jeopardize 危害loath 不情愿的reluctant 勉强的，不愿意的struggle 奋争hostility 敌对征服对屈服征服类词汇dominate 支配overcome 战胜conquer 征服triumph 成功cloud over 遮蔽trample 踩踏ascendancy 优势地位breakthrough 突破panacea 万能药屈服类词汇yield to 屈从安全对危险安全类词汇security 安全reassuring 安心可靠的safe 安全reliable 可靠的salutary 有益的useful 有用的tranquil 安静的，稳定的antidote 解毒剂insurance 保险不安全类，危险类词汇vulnerability 易受攻击性breach 破坏frail 脆弱的insecurity 不安全phobia 恐惧症trepidation 恐惧fear of 恐怖的trepidation 惊恐side effect 副作用injury 伤害deterrent 威慑uncertainty 不确定adversity 不幸，灾难danger 危险risk 风险deleterious 有害的有序对无序有序类词汇in order 有序tidy 整齐清晰clear 清晰thorough 连贯consistent 一致clear-cut 明确的orderliness 有序contrive 设计coherence 连贯性无序类词汇random 随机by chance 随机vary 多变的confuse 混乱randomness 无序状态chaos 混乱无序accident 意外happening 意料之外的单一对众多增加对减少E8.4, E11.1, E12.3, E15.1, E22.2, E33.1, E35.2, E39.7, E42.1, E42.3, E43.5, E45.3, E48.6, E50.1, E50.7, E52.1, E53.5, E58.5, E61.1增加类词汇add 增加increase 增多addition 增加deepen 加深excessive 过多enhance 提高superfluous 过多stimulate 刺激elevate 提升quicken 加快exaggerate 夸大diffusion 扩散greater 更多的arise 增长replenish 补充flourish 繁荣redundancy 冗余variety 变化多样性prosperity 繁荣improve 提升expand 膨胀escalation 提升disseminate 传播promote 提升plentiful 许多的prolific 多产的enlarge 扩大减少类词汇reduction 减少cancel 消除eliminate 消除diminish 使自己减少debilitating 使别人衰弱devastate 损毁rare 罕见lessen 减轻inhibit 抑制minimal 最少的slight 微少的reduce 减少little 小的annihilation 灭绝curtail 缩减lower 降低efface 抹除exacerbate 恶化eradicate 根除relieve 减轻limit 限制low-intensity 低密度slow 减缓inhibit 抑制reduce 减少restrict 限制degenerate 退化disappear 消失undermine 破坏decrease 减少decline 衰落underplay 削弱decelerate 减速debase 降低rarely 很少minimize 最小化slender 微弱的获得对丧失E25.1, E29.6, E37.3, E40.2,E52.7, E55.7, E56.2,有对无71.7, E45.4获得类词汇procurement 采购，获得enclosure 围住，私有化proprietary 所有权profitable 有利益可图的possess 占有丧失类词汇divest 放弃forfeit 丧失retire from 退出abandon 抛弃lack of 缺少elimination 消除sacrifice 牺牲scarce 缺乏的nonexistent 不存在利益对亏损E24.7, E25.5, E41.6, E46.4利益类词汇interest 利益benefit 利益generous 慷慨的bonus 奖金perquisite 额外津贴largesse 慷慨大方reciprocity 互惠互利亏损类词汇unprofitable 无利益的超越对落后E1.5(超), E19.2, E19.4, E22.4,E29.4, E30.2, E35.6, E50.5,E54.2, E63.5, E73.1, E73.2超越类词汇transcend 超越outstrip 超过rivals 竞争，匹配match 匹配advantage 优越seize 夺取preeminent 卓越的overtaken 超越culminate 达到顶点ascendancy 优势地位dominate 统治antedate 居先，提前improve 提升increase 提升exceed 超越落后类词汇limit 限制deter 阻止hamper 妨碍retreat 衰退subordination 从属regression 衰退sluggish 缓慢的lag 落后开始对结果E3.2(始), E4.5, E34.1开始类词汇earliest 最早的initial 最初的original 最初的结果类词汇ultimate 最终的单一对众多E70.7, E6.6(多), E63.2, E66.1单一类词汇single 单一的individual 单独的alone 单独的insular 孤立的cellular 细胞的众多类词汇eclectic 兼收并蓄的unending 无穷无尽的reproduction 繁殖variety 多样social 群居的group 团队多对少E2.3, E16.2, E19.5, E21.5,E24.7, E39.1, E41.2, E47.1,E49.2, E62.5, E64.5, E65.1,E76.7多的词汇sheer bulk of 大量的diversity 多样性inexhaustible 无穷无尽的broader 宽广的specific 具体的largesse 慷慨大方generous 慷慨的greatest 最大的concentration 集中diverse 多样的group 团体social 群居的minutely 详细的aggrandize 增大少的词汇few 少meager 贫乏simple 简单minimize 最小化synoptic 概要的finite 有限的narrow 狭窄的sporadic 零星的sparse 稀疏的sketchy 粗略的fragmentary 支离破碎的single 单独的individual 个人的，单独的compendium 纲要合并对分裂E23.3, E17.7, E30.5, E32.3, E37.1, E40.6, E41.5, E53.3, E61.2, E62.7, E63.6, E66.5, E72.1, E9.7, E17.7, E21.6, E40.6承担对逃避E37.3, E40.2合并类词汇fusion 熔合congruity 一致uniform 统一的形式integration 整合combine 结合integrity 完整性whole 整体incor0porate 合并assimilate 吸收，同化adhere 粘附，坚持kinship 血缘关系embed 包含interdisciplinary 交叉课程synthesis 综合分裂类词汇dichotomy 二分法separate 分开的discrete 分立的divisive 分裂的exodus 出走alienation 疏远异化rift 断裂，不和debate 争论elude 躲避总结对解释E6.3, E9.2, E16.5, E19.1,E24.6, E25.7, E28.1, E28.6,E65.5, E24.4(形成对理解)总结类词汇evaluate 评估definition 定义believe 相信解释类词汇explain 解释serve as 作为直接对间接E26.4, E3.5, E31.5, E32.7,E39.2, E74.4直接类词汇directly 直接的间接类词汇indirectly 间接memory 回忆anticipation 预期，将来innuendo 含沙射影的说话veil 掩饰复杂对简单E2.3, E5.2, E7.7(复), E8.1,E12.1, E13.1(简), E13.7,E15.6, E18.5, E19.7(复),E20.3, E21.2, E22.7, E24.4,E27.6, E35.7, E36.6, E38.5,E46.3, E49.4, E49.6, E50.3,E60.7, E68.7, E69.6, E70.4复杂类词汇intricately 复杂的complicate 结构复杂的convolute 缠绕复杂的hieroglyph 神秘难解的文字符号complexity 复杂性intricate 复杂的minute 详细的cunning 精巧巧妙power 强大的difficult 困难arcane 密不外传的cant 行话，术语nightmare 噩梦，可怕的事情jargon 行话术语，黑话delicacy 精妙circumlocution 委婉语euphemism 委婉语impenetrable 令人费解的，难以渗透的figurative 比喻性的allusive 暗喻的subtle 精细细微的unintelligible 难以理解的complex 复杂metaphorical 比喻性的professional 职业的expert 专家insider 内行的人dilemma 左右为难riddle 谜enigmatic 谜一般的problematic 有问题的uneasiness 不容易的opacity 晦涩难懂的decipher 解码welter 繁杂混乱简单类词汇easily 容易synoptic 概要的basic 基本的elementary 基本简单的simplicity 简单fundamental 基本的building block 基础材料simplemindedness 头脑简单simplistic 过分简单的uninitiate 没有初级知识的young 年轻impressionable 易受影响的naivete 幼稚sailed through 轻松的完成casual 不经意的literal 朴实无华的amateur 业余的obvious 肤浅的，显而易见的superficial 肤浅的recapitulate 概括幼稚对成熟E20.3, E22.3, E24.2幼稚类词汇young 年轻impressionable 易受影响naivete 幼稚childish 幼稚的成熟类词汇maturity 成熟重视对轻视E1.6, E11.5, E23.1, E34.7,E35.3, E40.5, E45.1, E47.5,E49.7, E58.3, E59.2, E64.1,E71.2, E76.5, E13.6, E17.3重视类词汇relevant 重要的significance 重要respect 尊敬deference 敬重awe 敬重reverence 尊敬piety 虔诚vital 致命的important 重要的considerable 值得考虑的decorum 得体正派overemphasize 过分强调revere 尊敬轻视类词汇dismiss 不重视overlook 忽略insignificant 不重要simple 简单underrate 低估unappreciate 未被欣赏neglect 忽视ignore 忽视omit 省略disparage 蔑视superfluous 多余的triviality 琐碎的superficial 肤浅的underestimate 低估disregard 忽略snub 冷落menial 卑微的trivial 琐碎的revile 辱骂taunt 辱骂奢华对简朴E43.2, E53.7, E64.7美观对实用E7.2, E21.1, E42.4美观奢华类词汇lavishly 奢华flamboyant 华丽绚烂的extravagant 奢侈的sumptuous 奢华的richness 华美的，丰富的delicately 优美的colorfully 多彩华丽subtly 精细细微beauty 美丽aesthetic 美学的brocade 锦缎embroidery 装饰embellish 修饰实用简朴类词汇function 功能的drab 单调的simple 简单朴素的sobriety 节制节俭的frugality 节俭普通对特殊E4.1(普), E11.3, E13.6, E16.6,E18.7, E29.7, E7.2,E34.2,E39.4, E44.5, E48.1,E56.4, E56.6, E60.2, E65.6普通类词汇routine 常规的similar 类似的laity 门外汉，俗人rank and file 低层次的practitioner 从业人员traditionalist 传统主义者qualify 引用conventionality 习俗惯例commonplace 通常的popular 通俗流行的everyday 日常，每一天partner 伙伴，对等的pervasive 普遍深入的unnoteworthy 不值得注意的norm 标准mediocrity 平庸平凡特殊类词汇establish 建立uniqueness 独一无二的distinctive 与众不同的unworldly 超凡脱俗的idiosyncratic 独特性prerogative 特权preeminent 卓越的singularity 单独specialization 专业化untraditional 非传统的unusual 不寻常的unrepresentative 非典型的相同对差异E24.5, E27.2, E3.1, E4.1(同),E23.7, E32.2, E33.2, E34.4,E34.6, E37.2 , E43.6, E44.6,E48.2, E51.6, E53.3, E57.1,E58.2, E58.7, E60.2, E72.5,E72.6, E75.5, E75.6, E76.4,E18.4(异), E17.7(同时对异步)相同类词汇common 共同的resemblance 类同similarity 类似agree 同意similar 类似的routine 常规counterpart 对等的parallel 类似的coherent 连贯的mediocre 普通的proportion 均衡equilibrium 平衡homogeneity 同种indistinguishable 不能区别的consensus 一致同意commonplace 平凡的agreement 一致assimilate 吸收同化analogous 类似的comparable 类似的unify 统一same 相同的traditional 传统的conventional 习俗惯例的simultaneously 同时integration 整合uniform 统一的差异类词汇diverse 多样的，不同的，多变的contrast 对比variation 变化difference 不同inconsistent 不相一致的anomalous 不规则的alternate 替换的unique 独一无二的individual 单独的various 多样的anomaly 异常的absurd 荒谬的various 不同的divergent 分歧的disagreement 不同意original 独创的discernible 可辨别的，差异的specialization 专业化revolutionary 颠覆性的variety 多样性practice 惯例irrelevant 不相关的dissimilar 不同的disagree 不同意controversial 可争论的thoughtful 有思想的优秀对平庸E29.3, E4.2, E4.6, E7.7(优),E22.6, E13.7, E21.2, E32.1,E32.5, E34.4, E36.4, E38.4,E38.6, E47.2, E56.7, E57.4,E57.5, E59.7, E60.5, E64.4,E65.5, E69.7, E70.3, E71.6,E74.3高级对低级E11.3, E41.3E18.3, E19.4, E29.4优秀类词汇leader 领袖preeminent 卓越的powerful 强大的overwhelmingly 压倒性的talented 天才的inspire有灵感的classic 经典的coup 好主意original 有创意的wonderful 精彩的cunning 精巧，巧妙excellent 优秀experience 富有经验proficient 精通熟练reliable 可靠的brilliant 聪明的outstanding 杰出的precise 精确的spectacular 引人入胜的maturity 成熟的steady 稳定的accomplished 技巧娴熟的incredible 难以置信的marvelous 难以置信的virtuosity 精湛的技巧influential 有影响力的trenchant 锋利犀利的intriguing 迷人的praise 表扬ingenious 有独创性的innovative 有创造力的capable 有能力的competent 有能力的realistic 真实可信的striking 令人震惊的notable 引人注意的exceptional 杰出的famous 著名的wisdom 智慧平庸类词汇laity 俗人，门外汉rank and file 低层次的equally 等同的perfunctory 敷衍了事的derivative 无创意的expediency 权宜之计mediocrity 平庸平凡clumsy 笨拙acceptable 尚可接受erratic 不稳定的inaccurate 不准确的inexact 不准确的uninspired 没有灵感的novice 新手unskilled 不熟练的commonplace 平凡的banal 陈腐的platitude 陈词滥调rigid 僵化inept 不适当的inopportune 不合时宜的unconscionable 不理智的conservative 保守独立对依靠E1.1, E5.1, E6.2, E7.1, E8.7,E12.7, E14.4, E15.2, E23.3,E26.5, E12.3, E10.3(依),E36.3, E39.5, E52.7, E53.1,E61.3, E66.6, E67.1, E67.4,E67.5, E67.6, E69.3, E70.2,E73.3, E76.6独立类词汇solitary 独立的free-living 生活自由无拘束的independent 独立的autonomously 自治的privilege 特权apparition 离奇的出现dichotomy 互为分割，分裂的distinct 互不相关的national 民族的freedom 自由isolate 孤立absolute 独立的依靠类词汇dependent 依靠influence 影响imitation 模仿deference 顺从combine 结合synthesis 综合合成annexation 合并amalgam 混合物，汞合金reliance 依靠relevance 相关性ally 同盟transitional 过渡性的surrogate 代替品agent 代替，代理constitute 组成enclose 包围住parasite 寄生虫supplementary 补充的substitute 替代品integrate 密不可分，整合alternative 替代的connection 联系自由对约束E11.6, E12.5, E17.5, E18.6,E19.2, E30.7, E46.5, E47.6,E50.4, E52.3, E55.2,E57.6(约), E61.4, E70.6控制对失控E16.7, E59.4,E33.7(放纵对克制)自由类词汇freedom 自由unfettered 无拘无束的liberty 自由powerful 权利license 许可independence 独立性individuality 个人特性impulsive 冲动的unrestrained 无限制的delightfully 欢快自由的约束类词汇limit 限制fetter 脚镣，限制imprison 禁锢trap 陷住duty 责任forbidden 禁止restriction 约束rigidity 严格imperative 规则martinet 严格的strict 严格的formal 合乎规矩的obedience 服从cooperation 合作rigor 严谨discipline 守纪律的caution 谨慎的manage 控制control over 控制control 可控的refrain 控制民主对专政E17.5, E10.4, E39.6民主类词汇democratic 民主persuasion 有说服力的专政类词汇regimentation 管辖totalitarianism 集权主义intimidation 胁迫coercion 强迫authoritarian 独裁主义秘密对公开E1.7, E2.7, E3.5, E27.4, E33.5,E52.7, E69.4, E16.4(个人对公众)秘密类词汇reticent 沉默寡言privacy 秘密的underground 地下的，秘密的innuendo 含沙射影的withheld 抑制enclosure 围住，私有little-know 鲜为人知individual 个体的公开类词汇soliciting 劝说，询问establish 正统的，公开的public 公开的apprise 使注意掩盖对揭露E12.4, E29.2, E60.1, E1.6,E6.4, E55.5, E56.3掩盖类词汇veiled 掩饰的belie 掩盖，说明，证...伪mask 掩盖hide 隐藏揭示类词汇expose 揭露出来showing 展示reveal 揭示betray 暴露，揭露effectively communicate 有效地表达explicit 清楚的，显而易见的光明对黑暗肯定对否定E1.2, E2.6, E4.3, E8.6, E9.1, E9.7, E10.2, E11.2, E13.5, E12.6, E14.4, E15.1, E19.2, E16.7, E30.4, E14.7, E17.2, E18.1, E20.4, E21.4, E27.1, E30.6, E6.5, E14.5, E28.6, E14.3, E25.4, E20.6, E34.1, E34.3, E36.2, E39.3, E40.3, E43.3, E43.4, E46.7, E49.2, E51.2, E51.5, E52.2, E54.3, E54.4, E56.5, E57.7, E58.1, E60.3, E62.3, E63.2, E65.6, E68.2, E71.4, E74.1, E74.2, E76.2肯定类词汇allege 非官方的声称consult 咨询，查阅sustain 支持emphasize 强调endorsement 赞同assure 断然，确定support 支持demonstrate 证明credible 可信的savor 品味，体验triumph 成功test 证明enrich 丰富efficacy 有效beneficial 有益的advantage 优秀的apprehension 理解immense 无边的revolution 革命的breakthrough 突破milestone 里程碑fascination 爱好intensify 强化evaluate 评估judging 评判estimate 评估assert 断言accept 认可suggest 说明enamor 迷恋喜欢posit 假定precipitate 促成believe 相信propensity 倾向proclivity 倾向inclination 倾向promise 承诺certainty 确定determine 决定feasible 可行的necessary 必需的imperative 必要的available 可用的inform 获知confident 自信的valuable 有价值的understandable 可理解的affirm 断言intriguing 迷人的insist 坚持work 起作用sincerity 真诚regard 关注respect 尊敬adamant 坚定否定类词汇repudiate 批判skepticism 怀疑censure 责难rejection 拒绝relinquishment 放弃useless 无用的forestall 阻止resist 抵抗obviate 消除cease 停止incomprehension 不被理解heterodox 异端邪说的disregard 漠视limit 限制deter 阻止hamper 妨碍disrupt 破坏impair 破坏obscure 模糊，不确定lack 缺少awe of 恐惧inhibition 压抑，限制rancor 怨恨disappointing 让人失望的flagged 衰退reluctant 勉强refute 反驳doute 怀疑denial 拒绝impede 阻止constrain 抑制suppress 抑制irresponsible 不负责任的impaired 破坏sacrifice 牺牲withdrawal 收回weakness 缺点failure 失败ineffective 无效的hostile 敌对的cruel 残酷的vulnerable 易受攻击的counterproductive 反生产的unpopular 不受欢迎的impossible 不可能的nonexistent 不存在的impractical 不切实际的ridiculous 荒谬的folly 愚蠢的detrimental 有害的insignificant 不重要的discredit 怀疑repudiate 批判prevent 阻止defy 反抗weaken 削弱doubt 怀疑banish 驱逐denounce 指责eradicate 根除contrition 悔悟remorse 懊悔flaw 缺点resignation 放弃hinder 阻碍delay 延误futility 无意义baffle 阻碍adversity 灾祸dismal 沮丧misleading 误导unsophisticated 没有智慧的error 错误conceal 隐瞒enigma 谜语unfounded 无理由的irrelevant 不相关的unrealistic 不切实际的imprudent 轻率地banal 平凡的repudiation 抛弃contempt 蔑视restrict 限制evade 逃避hatred 憎恨negative 否定的unstable 不稳定的ineffective 无效的信任对怀疑E4.3, E4.5, E4.7, E5.4, E11.2,E14.3, E25.4 , E31.6, E32.4,E35.5, E45.2, E45.7, E62.2,E65.2, E66.3, E67.7, E70.7信任类词汇emphasize 强调credulity 轻信convince 确信believe 相信trustworthy 可信赖credible 可信任的trust 信任certainity 确定credulous 轻信的gullibility 易上当受骗性honest 诚实true 真实authentic 可靠的sincere 真诚的怀疑类词汇skepticism 怀疑insincere 不真诚的deceptive 欺骗性的cheat 欺骗gouge 欺骗ambivalence 怀疑的skeptical 怀疑distrust 不信任suspicious 怀疑接受对排斥E69.2, E26.6, E37.3接受类词汇adjustment 接受，调整hospitable 好接受的prone 倾向于acceptance 接受排斥类词汇hostile 敌对的建设对破坏E14.7, E15.1, E24.3, E26.1(破), E69.5, E72.6, E30.3, E14.3, E45.5, E42.6(建), E46.2, E46.6, E49.5(破), E52.1, E57.2, E62.1, E62.4(破)建设类词汇increase 增加rehabilitative 复原enhance 提高maintenance 维持破坏类词汇disrupt 破坏impair 破坏devastate 损毁undermine 破坏disturb 扰乱intervention 干涉break 破裂ruin毁灭revolutionary 颠覆性的repeal 废止violate 侵犯，违背infect 感染damage 破坏exacerbate 恶化vandalism 故意破坏艺术的行为perpetrate 犯罪行为harm 伤害lessen 消弱保护对毁灭E1.4(毁), E3.6(护), E10.5,E11.6, E71.4(护)保护类词汇protection 保护毁灭类词汇ravage 毁坏mar 毁灭dilute 消弱推动对阻止E68.6, E73.5, E6.5(推), E39.7,E28.5, E63.1(阻)推动类词汇precipitate 促成阻止类词汇deter 阻止stem 阻止impede 阻止constrain 抑制obstacle 妨碍impediment 妨碍成功对失败E13.3, E17.2, E36.2, E70.1,E72.2, E72.4, E73.6, E73.7,E74.7, E75.2, E75.4, E48.3,E8.5(败), E68.5成功类词汇dominate 统治overcame 战胜conquer 征服breakthrough 突破milestone 里程碑succeed 成功失败类词汇regression 倒退misjudgment 判断错误ineffective 无效counterproductive 达不到预期目标的undoing 破坏，失败submission 屈服lose 失败frustrate 失败failure 失败nonplus 难堪humiliate 使丢脸discomfit 挫败disgrace 使丢脸支持对反对E1.3, E2.5, E2.6, E2.7, E10.2,E12.2, E15.4, E32.2,E38.1,E42.5, E47.3, E51.7, E52.7,E54.1, E55.3 ,E57.3, E58.4,E72.7, E75.1, E27.5(支)支持类词汇enthusiasm 积极，热心，支持sustain 支持support 支持accepted 公认的encourage 鼓励defend 支持，辩护establishment 确定follower 支持者loyal 忠诚的upheld 信仰publicize 宣扬endorse 支持friend 赞助人patronage 资助反对类词汇grudging 不愿意obstacle 阻碍resistance 反对rebellion 反抗antagonism 对抗defiance 对抗opposition 反对forestall 阻止oppose 反对struggle against 反对exception to反对confrontational 对抗性的antagonize 敌对的contrary 相反的discredit 否定reject 反对contradict 反驳表扬对批评E16.3, E20.1, E23.4, E24.6,E27.7, E28.5, E8.5, E10.1,E6.4(批), E20.7, E44.1, E44.2,E45.6, E47.4, E48.5, E51.4,E53.2, E59.6, E61.6, E62.5,E64.6, E71.3, E76.5, E8.5(批)赞美对讽刺E10.5, E38.2,E43.7, E67.2，E9.6(贬)表扬赞美类词汇compliment 表扬，恭维praise 表扬reward 报酬adoration 赞美applaud 赞同recognition 赏识commend 称赞encourage 鼓励批评类词汇reproach 责难criticize 批评accuse 指责accusation 指责guilty 自我认罪nonplus 为难discomfit 挫败humiliate 使丢脸disgrace 使丢脸condescension 轻蔑decry 谴责disparage 蔑视denounce 谴责讽刺类词汇ridicule 嘲笑self-deprecation 自我贬低cynicism 对外界冷嘲热讽irony 讽刺ironic 讽刺的vitriolic 尖刻的caustic 刻薄的jeer 嘲弄喜爱对厌恶E19.3, E20.4, E30.6, E30.4, E5.6, E2.1(爱), E25.3, E14.2, E18.2(爱), E8.6, E35.4, E37.4, E46.6, E58.6喜欢类词汇adulation 吹捧veneration 尊敬fascination 喜欢enamored 迷恋favorite 喜欢cherish 珍爱interest 喜欢endorsement 赞同affection 关爱congenial 性情温和的intimate 亲密的bless 祝福gratitude 感激厌恶类词汇boredom 厌倦antipathy 反感denial 排斥repugnance 反感censure 责难feud 仇恨vitriolic 刻薄的curse 诅咒disturb 讨厌indifference 冷漠中立类词汇愉悦对悲伤E3.7, E21.3, E25.3, E34.5,E36.1, E12.2愉悦类词汇hedonistic 快乐主义的pleasure 愉悦的agreeable 愉悦的pleasant 愉快的savor 欣赏happy 愉快charitable 善意的enjoyable 愉悦的elated 高兴的relieved 欣慰的悲伤类词汇melancholy 忧伤natsukashii 愉悦的忧伤sorrow 忧伤grieve over 悲痛disappoint 失望伤心的具体对抽象E13.4, E26.3, E26.4, E9.2,E65.7理论对现实E48.4, E68.1具体类词汇practice 事件experience 经验体验structure 结构function 功能physical 生理的sensible presence 可感知的存在抽象类词汇visionary 空想theory 理论idea 想法transcendental claim 超越经验的主张hypothesis 假设memory 回忆anticipation 预期thought 思维remote fact 遥远的事实policy 政策理论类词汇idealism 理想主义escapism 空想主义cynicism 犬儒主义individualism 个人主义sectarianism 宗派主义egalitarianism 平等主义理性对感性E7.2, E7.7, E11.4, E18.1,E20.6, E21.1, E24.2, E28.4,E30.4, E22.4, E44.4, E49.3,E50.6, E52.4, E52.5, E54.5,E54.7, E55.5, E65.4, E67.6,E76.6理性类词汇technical 技术上的scientific 科学的reason 理性function 功能workday 日常工作的critical 评论的mature 成熟的realistic 现实主义的practicable 可实行的experience 体验intellectually 理性的reality 真实factually 真实的insightful 有洞察力的rationally 理性的pragmatic 实际的content 内容感性类词汇aesthetic 唯美的sensitivity 敏感性rhetoric 修辞学hyperbole 夸张法beauty 美丽madness 疯狂irrational 无理性的longing for 渴望awe 畏惧curiosity 好奇apprehension 担忧，理解enthusiastic 热情的commiseration 同情feeling 情感emotion 感情art 艺术visionary 空想的empirically 以经验为主的intuition 直觉surmise 推测conjecture 推测tradition 传统inadvisable 不明智的impolitic 不理智的form 形式记录对统计E24.1, E31.1, E55.4, E1.2,E27.1, E61.5, E7.4记录类词汇record 记录number 数字record-keeper 记录者documentation 材料bibliographer 目录学家统计类词汇statistical 统计的account 数据basis 依据精确对模糊E36.4, E66.4, E30.5精确类词汇precise 精确detailed 详细的distinct 精确的模糊类词汇inexact 不精确inaccurate 不准确imprecision 不精确imprecise 不精确的善良对邪恶正义对邪恶E5.7, E9.5, E30.3, E2.7, E60.1 正义类词汇innocence 清白virtue 美德good 善良邪恶类词汇criminality 犯罪corruption 堕落evil 邪恶errant will 邪恶的意愿depraved 堕落的wrongdoing 做坏事fraudulent 欺骗性的正统对邪说E2.7, E5.3(邪), E13.5正统类词汇established 正统的异端邪说类词汇underground 地下的heretical 异端的incomprehension 不被理解的真诚对虚假E5.4, E4.7, E7.6(假), E33.4真诚类词汇candid 公正trustworthy 可信赖虚假类词汇insincerity 不真诚insincere 不真诚的feigned 伪装perfunctory 敷衍了事的untruthy 不真实cheating 欺骗公正对偏见E11.7, E14.6, E27.3, E33.6, E37.7, E38.3, E40.1, E40.4,E41.1, E48.7, E63.4公正类词汇disinterested 客观公正冷静的neutrality 客观中立detachment 客观公正objectivity 客观neutral 中立reality 事实impartial 公平的unbiased 无偏见的truth 真实evidence 证据fact 事实偏见类词汇bias 偏见construction 主观的解释prejudice 偏见partiality 偏袒subjectivity 主观distort 扭曲empiricism 经验主义personal involvement 个人情感美德对堕落E6.4, E14.1, E14.5, E16.3,E20.7, E27.3, E60.6, E65.5,E68.4, E70.5, E29.2(善良对邪恶), E20.2(感恩对报复)优点对缺点E19.6, E51.5美德类词汇affection 关爱spare 节约adoration 关爱frugality 节俭outspoken 说话率直saving 节省economy 节约virtue 美德goodness 善良brave 勇敢gentleman 绅士elegance 典雅piousness 虔诚modesty 谦虚friendly 有好堕落类词汇ribaldry 下流earthiness 粗俗vulgarity 粗俗shameless 无耻的voyeur 偷窥狂exhibitionist 暴露狂ingrate 忘恩负义的insatiably 贪得无厌selfishly 自私的depraved 堕落wicked 不道德impiety 不尊敬缺点类词汇fondness 溺爱lavish 浪费stint 吝啬miserliness 吝啬fanatical 固执arrogant 自大defect 缺点indolence 懒惰fabricate 捏造avenge 为某人的某事报仇vindictive 报复性的frivolous 轻佻的flawed 缺点teasing 调侃bitter 怀恨11。

GRE句子填空04_同义解释AB

GRE句子填空04_同义解释杨子江GRE填空wqh●同义解释特征词：●such as, which, that,●suggest that, like●this, the●冒号, 破折号, 从句GRE填空●1.) 冒号: 引导同义解释(1/2)●E1.5#, E7.2#, E18.5#, E21.4#, E21.5#,E21.7#, E30.1^, E20.2, E24.4, E25.3, E25.4, E26.4, E29.7GRE填空●1.) 冒号: 引导同义解释(2/2)●E35.7, E37.3, E38.6, E39.5, E39.6, E40.4, E43.2, E45.1, E45.6, E49.7, E50.3, E51.7, E52.1, E57.7, E58.7, E60.2, E63.2, E64.2, E65.6●2.) 破折号－, 引导同义解释●E13.5#, E28.1#, E25.6^, E52.7, E66.2, E74.7●3.) 从句：引导同义解释●E19.1^, E26.3, E21.2, E25.5, E9.2, (E44.7, E38.7), E34.1, E39.1, E41.7, E43.4, E54.5, E60.4, E63.4, E65.5, E70.5, E71.6, E76.6●4.1) such as : 例如●:引导同义解释●E2.1^, E18.1, E24.7, E56.3, E63.4, E74.1 ●4.2) such, 重复前面提到的概念, 表物主指代● 4.3) such : 表强调●E1.2*, E1.7#, E3.4#, E5.2#, E6.5#, E16.5*, E20.7*, E23.2#, E29.4#, E36.3,E39.2, E46.3, E47.5, E57.7●E5.6#, E6.5*, E13.7#, E45.1, E48.2, E55.7, E59.7GRE填空● 5.1) which＋不定式结构, 分词结构, 同位语, 形容词短语, 任何修饰成分●: 表同义解释●E15.7#, E74.2^, E5.7, E9.5, E30.3, E40.1, E42.3,E51.1, E52.4, E53.4, E72.4●5.2) in which, of which, from which, by which●在句中表指代关系●E5.6#, E12.6*, E13.1*, E16.2#, E24.4#, E30.1#,E43.4GRE填空● 5.2.) in which, of which, from which, by which●E41.5, E46.2, E53.4, E55.2, E58.2, E63.4, E64.2,E64.6, E72.3, E72.7, E75.6, E76.4GRE填空●6.) that ＋不定式结构, 分词结构, 同位语, 形容词短语, 任何修饰成分●: 表同义解释(1/2)●E5.1^, E10.3, E18.3, E22.3, E22.4, E28.6GRE填空●6.) that (2/2)●E32.7, E33.6, E34.6, E36.7, E42.7, E44.4, E46.2, E50.1, E50.2,E52.3, E53.1, E55.2, E58.5, E59.1, E60.3, E65.4, E70.6, E73.1, E74.6, E75.5GRE填空●6.) that (Extra)●E4.1#, E4.2#, E5.3*, E5.4*, E5.5*, E5.6#, E7.7#, E11.7#, E12.7*, E14.6#, E15.7#, E18.2#, E19.2#, E21.6#, E24.5#, E27.3#, E28.1#, E29.7#●7.) suggest that :说明,表明●：表同义解释●E19.7#, E30.6#, E55.6●E8.3#, E5.5*GRE填空●8.) like : 像…●：表比喻解释●E6.3^, E11.1, E72.5。

SAT填空之同义重复逻辑关系

SA T填空之同义重复逻辑关系1．同义重复逻辑关系（1）因果关系● 明显因果关系Because, because of, for, as, since, in that, be due to, given, considering, as long as, if, when, while, so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, consequently, accordingly, thus, hence, so…that…, so…as to…, then…● 隐含因果关系lead to, cause, reflect, result in, give rise to, derive from, result from, portray, present, bespeak, require, suggest, on the basis of, represent, be based on, for the reason that…, rely on, spring from, make, underlying…49. The commentator characterized the electorate as ______ because it was unpredictable and given to constantly shifting moods.A. mercurialB. corrosiveC. disingenuousD. implacableE. phlegmatic50. Thomas Hardy’s novels are described as ______ because of their preoccupation with daily life in rural and agricultural settings.A. bucolicB. prolificC. lugubriousD. sundryE. metaphorical51. In part of the Arctic, the land grades into the landfast ice so ____ that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.A. permanentlyB. imperceptiblyC. regularlyD. precariouslyE. slightly52. The results of the experiments performed by Elizabeth Hazen and Rachel Brown we re ____ not only because these results challenged old assumptions but also because they called the ____ methodology into question.A. provocative... prevailingB. predictable ... contemporaryC. inconclusive ... traditionalD. intriguing ... projectedE. specious ... original53. One critic asserts that modern urban architecture causes sensory deprivation because it fails to provide visual and tactile _______.A. latencyB. stimulationC. complacenceD. confusionE. extension54. Victor gained a reputation for being a ______ because he constantly bullied other children.A. bunglerB. ruffianC. sticklerD. daredevilE. naysayer55. The new vaccine is ______ preventing certain forms of pneumonia and should, therefore, be more widely ______ in order to prevent outbreaks of the disease.A. required for…constrainedB. unsuccessful in…distributedC. instrumental in…reconstitutedD. effective in…administeredE. unverified for…disseminated56. Since the foreign correspondent was accustomed to completing his assignments under ______ conditions, the commotion of the subway at rush hour presented no ______ his creativity.A. squalid…boon forB. tranquil…obstruction toC. tumultuous…impediment toD. destructive…demonstration ofE. flagrant…benefit to57. The anthropology professor hoped that his latest book would appeal to popular as well as to ______ readers, thereby earning him ______ in both realms.A. general…disdainB. lay…attentionC. academic…anonymityD. avid…remunerationE. scholarly…acclaim（2）目的手段结果关系● in order to, to, for, by, 分词短语, 不定式58. Edith Wharton sought in her memoir to present herself as having achieved a harmonious wholeness by having ______ the conflicting elements of her life.A. affirmedB. highlightedC. identifiedD. confinedE. reconciled59. Having sufficient income of her own constituted for Alice ______ independence that made possible a degree of ______ in her emotional life as well.A. a material…securityB. a profound…conformityC. a financial economyD. a psycho logical…extravaganceE. an unexpected…uncertainty60. Communities in primitive areas where natural ______ is scarce must be resourceful in order to secure adequate nutrition.A. educationB. competitionC. sustenanceD. agricultureE. assistance61. John Gielgud crowns a distinguished career of playing Shakespearean roles by givinga performance that is ______.A. mediocreB. outmodedC. superficialD. unsurpassableE. insipid62. Studies of ______ among turtles are sometimes ______ by the fact that the subjects live so long that researchers retire before the studies can be completed.A. extinction…enhancedB. longevity...hamperedC. behavior…beliedD. mortality…bolsteredE. reproduction…confirmed（3）递进关系● even, indeed, not only…but also…, almost…63. Some skeptics consider the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence(SETI) to be_______, even foolish; others go so far as to accuse SETI scientists of outright ______ in applying skewed data.A. misguided…remonstranceB. absurd…eruditionC. plausible…lassitudeD. painstaking…fabricationE. wrongheaded…chicanery64. In the seventeenth century, direct flouting of a generally accepted system of values was regarded as ______, even as a sign of madness.A. adventurousB. frivolousC. willfulD. impermissibleE. irrational65. Few of us take the pains to study our cherished convictions: indeed, we almost have a natural ______ doing so.A. aptitude forB. repugnance toC. interest inD. ignorance ofE. reaction after（4）并列复指关系● and, 分号，非转折含义连接词(and, or…)，平行结构，同位语66. Scientists wonder what to do with the dead satellites, jettisoned rockets, drifting paint flecks, and other ______ orbiting earth.A. flotsamB. reconnaissanceC. decimationD. raimentE. sustenance67. Only recently created, this orchid is a ______, a plant produced by deliberately crossbreeding two different varieties of flowers.A. misnomerB. hybridC. vectorD. curativeE. precursor68. Many private universities depend heavily on ______, the wealthy individuals who support them with gifts and bequests.A. instructorsB. administratorsC. monitorsD. accountantsE. benefactors69. Canadian Lynn Johnston was named Cartoonist of the Year in 1985, the first woman to be so ______.A. inspiredB. entrustedC. honoredD. employedE. refined70. Some Tibetan nomads used yak butter as a ______, one that often took the place of money in commercial transactions.A. promotionB. commodityC. formulaD. refundE. register71. The archaeologist believed the coin she unearthed was ______ evidence, unquestionable proof that the site dated to the fourth century.A. immaterialB. potentialC. incriminatingD. nominalE. indisputable72. His conduct at the state dinner was a cavalcade of blunders, one ______ following another until the evening ended.A. queryB. gibeC. gaffeD. trystE. tribute（5）解释关系● 分词短语，不定式短语，状语从句，冒号73. Geoffery’s corrupt dealings earned him such disgrace that any possibility of his being reelected to the city council was completely ______.A. ensuredB. approvedC. belittledD. eliminatedE. defended74. The professor’s presentation was both ______ and ______: though brief, it was instructive.A. verbose…mundaneB. concise…elaborateC. comprehensive…edifyingD. succinct…enlighteningE. technical75. The judge’s published opinions, though sophisticated and subtle, were undeniably______: they left no doubt of her intentions.A. unequivocalB. effusiveC. incorrigibleD. tenuousE. ineffable76. The biologist’s description of the wolf pack was truly ______, devoid of any emotion or personal prejudice.A. dispassionateB. insubstantialC. esotericD. capriciousE. indignant77. The pharmaceutical company insisted that its testing of new drugs was quite ______, more rigorous than the industry standard.A. stringentB. dispersiveC. conditionalD. recessiveE. obtrusive78. The strong ______ the professor was able to establish with his students made him______ confidant for those on campus seeking advice beyond the purely academic.A. program…an occasionalB. rapport…a respectedC. confidence…an unappreciatedD. community…an unusualE. ambition…a valued79. Edmund White is a ______ author: he has written novels, essays, short stories, a travel book, and a biography.A. demonstrativeB. nebulousC. meticulousD. versatileE. metaphoric80.A model of ______ behavior, Cunningham never ate or drank to excess.A. temperateB. laconicC. duplicitousD. aestheticE. voluble81. The entrepreneur had a well-deserved reputation for ______, having accurately anticipated many changes unforeseen by established business leaders.A. prescienceB. sincerityC. avariceD. complicityE. mendacity82. In her writings about language, the poet Gloria Anzaldua celebrates the ______ of English and Spanish dialects spoken by Mexica n Americans, arguing that such ______ lends an empowering flexibility to expression.A. multiplicity…varietyB. proliferation…moderationC. ambivalence…focusD. dearth…depletionE. abridgment…imitation83. In an effort to ______ the ______theater, the troupe members contributed thousands of dollars to keep the playhouse operating.A. qualify…obsoleteB. salvage…flounderingC. exacerbate…defunctD. revitalize…prosperousE. commandeer…lucrative84. As of intended to squelch rumors of cutbacks, the company’s annual celebration was as ______ as ever.A. sparingB. tawdryC. belatedD. lavishE. sated。

【小站教育】GRE句子填空“13+1”解题技巧

GRE 句子填空“13+1”解题技巧GRE 句子填空“13+1”解题技巧(1)作者按照填空题不同的句型归纳列举了总共十四种普通常用的方法，并辅诸以具有典型性的一系列例句来例证每一种方法的实际操作过程。

诚然，一种方法和另一种方法之间并非是绝然割裂开来的；相反，它们互为交替重迭，一道题目可同时用几种方法多方位多侧面地“多管齐下”来解答。

这十四种方法主要的作用在于，在错综复杂的句型中如何一目了然地辨认出题目的逻辑关系与中心线索。

在此基础上，最终的方法归结为一种：在思想延展型的题目中，寻找与中心线索构成同义词的选项为正确答案；在思想逆转型的题目中，寻找与中心线索构成反义词的选项为正确答案。

殊途同归，是谓也。

2.1 方法之一：并列关系同义词解法并列关系最典型的一个连接词便是"and"。

此外，indeed, just as, also, almost,even, similarly, correspondingly, accordingly, in the same way 等亦属并列关系。

总之，凡是不含对立转折关系的大多可列入关列关系，解题时只需将相应的中心线索定位，找出一个同义词的选项即可。

例Ⅰ：When I watch drivers routinely slam their cars to a halt, --------- take corners on two wheels, and blunder wildly over construction potholes and railroad crossings, I consider it a --------- to automotive design that cars don't shake apart far sooner.(A) gradually ... curiosity(B) sensibly ... blessing(C) gracefully ... misfortune(D) habitually ... tribute(E) religiously ... instruction〖解答〗先处理空格Ⅰ。

杨子江-20140511-词汇矩阵-沪江讲座(新)

• • • • • • • Fine weather Fine paper Fine edge Fine writing Fine sewing Fine eye for color Fine art Fine dust Fine hairs Fine china Fine difference Fine pants Fine racehorse Finepix
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Vocabulary Matrix
• • • • • 利用前后缀词根组合矩阵记单词 Compel Dispel Repel Propel
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Vocabulary Matrix
• 怎样查证词汇的起源
词汇帝国微信平台：matr688 新浪微博：杨子江GRE
Vocabulary Matrix
• 语言的简单定义： • 语言是用来描述和表达我们所认知世界的一套有声符号系统。
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Vocabulary Matrix
• 从哲学的角度来讲， • 我们的世界分为哪两种？
• napkin [5nApkin] n.
• 餐巾, 餐巾纸, 揩嘴布,一块布或毛巾, <英>尿布, <美>月经带, [苏]头巾或围巾 • 词源：nappa mappa • map
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Vocabulary Matrix
• Infant Napkin • Female Napkin
–Webster的“Etymology” –金山词霸的“语源” –
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GRE阅读难句教程(杨鹏难句)

GRE难句解读——提高GRE阅读必需要过的第一关杨鹏GRE难句训练方式：凡读过的GRE文章，凡有读一两遍不懂的句子，摘下或输入电脑：天天花半小时来读，读懂读顺为止；开始越窄越多，直到20句以后，越窄越少，一个月后几乎没有了。

这时能够达到高级读法：因为大脑已经熟悉了这4种难句的结构，因此能够预判和自动整理语序，除太长的插入语之外（3行以上），均能够直接读下来。

那个地址面的道理在于，人的大脑关于语言的处置方式是高度自动化的，一旦大脑熟悉了某种语言的结构，他就会对以如此的结构显现的语句进行自动的处置，哪怕句子是语序到的，你也能在刹时明白其意思，绝无混乱之感。

最令人头疼的倒装为例，举一个中文的例子，比如“如之奈何”依据，学过古文的同窗都明白这事实上是“奈何如之”的倒装，意思是“如何来对付他？”但是读完“如之奈何”再把它恢复成正常语序“奈何如之”，才能明白得其含义。

这是初学古文的人的做法，真正看古文书的人可不能这么读的。

因为他天天都读这种语言，早已熟悉了这种结构，不管怎么看，他都明白这是在问如何办的问题。

你要问它什么缘故是那个意思，语法结构是怎么回事，它还可能真说不明白。

其实语言本身确实是为了表达含义的，只要你明白句子的意思，其语法结构不提也罢。

咱们训练GRE难句，确实是要达到上面所谈的这种高级读法的境遇，直接读下来（除3行以上的插入语），就明白句子的意思。

固然，这种读法必需以反复的、针对难句的训练为前提。

而若是训练成功，ETS所考察你的各类大脑的能力也就通通无效了。

GRE学习的一大要领，就在于把考场上考察你的难点和需要你花大量时刻试探的东西兑换成考场下你的时刻和尽力。

注意：贵在坚持。

GRE学习，固然也包括GRE难句的训练，都比如逆水行舟，不进那么退。

想要读懂GRE难句，必需坚持天天读，把每一个你摘出来的句子完全读通，读到这些句子就像是应该如此写、若是是你来写这些句子，你也要写一样。

专门提一下，通过我的调查，凡是能够真正坚持用这种方式训练的同窗，无一例外的都在数周之内，阅读能力和阅读速度都取得了大幅度的提高，兴奋地来找我，告知我再没有完全读不懂的文章了。

专题04语句的衔接与排序(考点清单)-七年级语文上学期期末考点大串讲

专题04：语句的衔接与排序“语句的衔接与排序”是中考的一个常设考点，主要考查学生语言表达能力中的连贯能力，即考查学生思维的条理性、语言表达的连贯性，检测学生的阅读理解能力、语言组合能力和思维判断能力，是考查学生语言表达能力的重要手段，是语言运用方面的考查重点，也是学生复习备考时的难点。

表面上看，以衔接为考查点就是将给定的句子排序，组合为一个连贯的语篇。

实际上，语句衔接的练习更在于增强学生对语篇整体结构的把握，从而加深对文章主旨以及各部分的理解。

其实，文本阐释、段意概括、关键词提取、写作以及口语表达等，都与语句衔接和语篇结构有密切的关系。

这类题目主要以选择题的形式出现，有两种设题方式：一是直接给出一组顺序错乱的句子，设计若干选项，让考生选出排列最恰当的一项。

二是先给出引导语，设计一定的语境，然后呈现拟填入的多个句子，要求我们从备选答案中选出排序最恰当的一个选项填入。

解答排序题，不仅要求我们要具备一定的阅读领悟能力，更要具备较强的逻辑分析能力。

具体方法是紧紧抓住“序”字做文章，先确定中心句；然后再梳理各句之间的关系，如果有关键词的一定要抓关键词；最后逐句推敲，看整段是否符合一定的顺序。

从近年来排序题的命题来看，所选的语段材料一般层次都非常清晰。

主要有空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序多种，其中逻辑顺序最为复杂，有因果关系、层递关系、主次关系、总分关系、并列关系，以及由浅入深、由具体到抽象等多种。

同学们只要能准确判断出各句之间的关系，再运用相应技巧，一般都能找到正确答案。

1.本部分涉及的主要考查点有：句子衔接题在中考中是经常出现的，主要考查语言运用的连贯性。

句子衔接题看似简单，实则比较复杂，得分率一般不高，有较强的区分度。

因此为多数中考命题人所青睐。

能根据具体语境得体、连贯、简洁地运用语言，是规范使用汉语言的基本要求，符合人们对语言“文气畅达”“语势贯通”的常规要求。

所谓语言连贯，就是句子与句子的自然衔接和有机组合。

《汉语教程》(杨寄洲)语法点详细解释

《汉语教程》语法点设置北语杨寄洲主编 1999年8月1——10课语音11课：他住在哪儿？1、汉语句子的语序：the word order汉语没有严格意义上的形态变化，语序是汉语的主要语法手段。

汉语的句子由主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等六种成分组成。

语序一般是主语在前，谓语在后。

宾语是谓语的连带成分。

例如：主语谓语你好。

我去银行。

There are no morphological changes in the strict sense in Chinese；the word order is the main grammatical constituent of the language。

Chinese sentences are made up of six elements：subject，predicate，object，attribute，abverbial and complement。

The subject normally precedes the predicate in a sentence，and the object is an element related to the predicate，e.g.：2、动词谓语句 the sentence with a verb as its predicate动词作谓语主要成分的句子叫动词谓语句。

动词谓语句的语序是：主语（S）＋谓语（V）＋宾语（O）。

A sentence with a verb as its predicate is one in which the verbis the main element of the predicate。

The prammatical order for this type of sentences is：subject ＋predicate＋object例如：e.ge.（1）我学习汉语。

新GRE填空：把握好句子关系

新GRE填空：把握好句子关系GRE的句子填空思路独特，与正常的阅读迥然不同，它是一种文字与文字之间，概念与概念之间的逆向推理游戏，是众多考生望而生提，觉得捉摸不透的题型之一。

中国学生已经习惯了正向的推理方式，而对文字内部的逆向推理则是非常陌生。

但是，GRE的填空题也并不是那么难，它就象一张窗户纸，入门可能需要一些时间，当你把这层窗户纸捅漏后，你就发现里面豁然开朗，一切都变得简单了。

因为GRE的考生所涉及的专业有二十多个，题目不可能会涉及任何专业知识，否则对其他考生都是一种极大的不公平。

所以，句子填空中的空格的信息永远不会来源于专业知识的记忆，永远都来自于题目内部。

总之，答案都会在原句中以不同的形式重复出现。

如何在短时间内有效准确地把原句中的重复信息找到，是考生最为注重的。

确定句子的关系是找出重要信息的关键，对于任何一个句子填空题，我们都要先搞清句子的结构关系。

对立关系的句子在GRE句子填空中出现频率很高，这类题的解题思路也相对容易一些，主要是取反义词的解法。

如果GRE填空题的原句中有一些标志性的词语，一旦确定了是属对立关系，那么句子的逻辑关系就有了转折，能够很容易地知道所填空格处一定与原句中的某个词语是相反的关系。

所以，判断出句子是对立关系后，找出原句中的关键词语成为解题的突破口。

对立关系的句子很多，凡是出现but, yet, however, nevertheless, although, (even) though, while, whereas, notwithstanding, despite, in spite of, in contrast (to), onthe contrary, on the other hand, whatever, otherwise, ironically, paradoxically, curiously, surprisingly 等带有转折逆转含义的题目，则代入空格的准确选项必与中心线索构成语义对立的反义词关系。

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GRE句子填空07_同义因果杨子江
GRE填空
●同义因果特征词(1/5)：
●because, cause
●in that, so…that
●therefore, thus
●since, deduce
GRE填空
●同义因果特征词(2/5)：
●result from, lead to
●as a result, result in
●just as… so, drive from
●consequently, given
GRE填空
●同义因果特征词(3/5)：
●require, reflect
●present, represent
●bespeak, on the basis of
●be based on, portray
GRE填空
●同义因果特征词(4/5)：
●conclude, so…as to
●thereby, due to
●that, give rise to
●hence, accordingly
GRE填空
●同义因果特征词(5/5)：
●rely(reliance) on, make
●when…then, if…then
●for the reason that
●spring from, for
GRE填空
● 1.) because : 因为
●: 表因果关系(1/2)
●E5.7#, E9.4#, E26.2#, E65.2^, E3.6, E6.6,
E12.2, E24.1, E26.6, E27.2, E27.4, E27.5,
E30.5, E37.7, E20.6, E16.3
GRE填空
●b ecause (2/2)
●E33.1, E34.3, E34.7, E36.1, E40.5, E41.6, E44.5,
E44.6, E45.2, E47.1, E48.2, E54.2, E56.2, E59.2,
E59.7, E60.1, E62.6, E63.1, E64.1, E64.7, E66.4, E67.1, E68.3, E71.5, E76.4 E76.7
●2.) in that : 既然, 因为
●: 表因果关系
●E30.5#, E13.1^, E16.7, E32.3, E49.4, E52.5, E64.3, E66.2
●3.) so…that :
●: 表因果关系(1/2)
●E1.4#, E3.2^, E11.2, E23.1, E23.6,
E27.7
GRE填空
●s o…that (2/2)
●E32.4, E34.5, E35.7, E36.5, E45.5, E47.2,
E48.3, E49.5, E62.5, E62.7, E64.4, E69.5,
(E54.7, E61.3, E73.2)
●4.) therefore, thereby
●: 因此
●: 表因果关系
●E17.7#, E5.5^, E24.2, E35.2, E56.1,
E73.3, E55.6, E66.6
●5.) thus : 因而，从而
●: 表因果关系
●E6.7^, E33.1, E33.3, E35.2, E39.2, E41.2, E48.6, E50.6, E61.2, E66.1
●7.) deduce : 推论出
●: 表因果关系
●E3.3^
●8.1) A result from B
●: A由B产生
●＝B lead to A
●: 表因果关系
●E3.7#, E6.6#, E17.7#
GRE填空
●8.2) as a result
●: 作为结果
●: 表因果关系
●E10.1^, E36.5, (E47.6)
●8.3) A result of B
●: A是B的结果
●: 表因果关系
●E9.1#
GRE填空
●8.4) result
●: 名词性概念
●E14.7#, E23.7#, E26.2#, E27.3# GRE填空
●9.) A lead to B
●: A导致B
●: 表因果关系
●E15.6#, E16.6^, E72.1
●10.) just as A, so B
●: 正如A，所以B
●表因果关系
●E5.2#, E2.7^, E46.7
●11.) consequently
●: 从而,因此
●: 表因果关系
●E22.2^
●12.) given : (因为)给出
●: 表因果关系
●E11.6#, E6.2^, E47.3, E62.2
●13.1) require
●: (因为…)要求
●: 表因果关系*
●E7.7#, E14.3#, E17.5#, E52.2
GRE填空
●13.2) require : 需要
●: 动词用法*
●E11.4#, E25.6#, E55.7, E59.3 GRE填空
●14.1) represent : 表现出●: 表弱因果关系*
●E16.2#, E17.2#
GRE填空
●14.2) presented : 表现出。