八种时态的被动语态

所有这些习题必须在放学以前做完。
The music of the film may be composed by him.
这部电影的音乐可以让他进行创作。
This sketch of the building ought to be corrected immediately.
大楼的这张图纸应该马上修改。
listen to注意听……，look after照顾，关照……
look at看……，look for寻找……
look in查看……，look like看起来像……
pass on to传递某物给……，pay for为……付钱
point at指向……，put on穿，戴,
put out扑灭，send for派人去请……
Susan was appointed the monitor of the class.
苏姗被指定为这个班的班长。
Water is needed very much by the crops here.
这里的庄稼非常需要水。
2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，应使用被动语态。
He was wounded many times during the Anti--Japanese War.
4.含有双宾语的句子的被动语态
有一些动词如give, buy等，后面常跟两个宾语--直接宾语和间接宾语；通常直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人；指物或指人的宾语都可以作为被动句子的主语。例如：
He gave her a painting.
他给了她一幅画。
→She was given a painting by him.(以人she作主语)
将这些带双宾语的动词背下来：
1.动词后加to的：
give给，show给……看，send寄，bring带……，pass递给……，
lend……借给，leave留给……，hand……交给……，tell告诉，
return归还，write写给……，throw扔……，promise答应，
refuse拒绝……；
2.动词后加for的：
他们每年砍下很多的树。
→Many trees are cut down (by them) every year.
Someone turned on the radio.
有人把收音机打开了。
→The radio was turned on (by someone)
People often make fun of him.
那时这辆车不是由我修的。
(6)现在完成时：have (has)+been+过去分词
The graduates in the university have been sent to work all over t he country.
这所大学的毕业生已被派往全国各地工作。
Has the bridge inYangzhoubeen built?
→A painting was given (to) me by him.(以物作主语)
She told me the reason just now.
她刚才告诉了我原因。
→I was told the reason by her.(以人I作主语)
→The reason was told (to) me by her.(以事作主语)
①动作执行者不确定时，省略by
Many people are killed in traffic accident every year.
每年有很多人死于交通事故。
②不必表明动作执行者时，省略by
The sports meet has been put off until next Monday.
运动会被延期至下星期一。
send up发射，发送，take off脱下
talk about谈论某事，talk to (sb.)与某人交谈
turn on (off)打开，(关上)，wait for等待
worry about为……而担心，write down记下，写下
7被动语态的“by +宾语”的省略
被动误态句式中的“by +宾语”表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者，但是在遇到以下情况时，表示动作执行者的“by +宾语”常常被省略。
这些新书是上个月刚出版的。
Were these computers made in theU.S.A.?
这些电脑是美国造的吗?
(3)一般将来时：will be+过去分词
Prof. will be asked to attend the lecture.
王教授将被邀请参加讲座。
That film will be directed by Zhang Yimou.
上次我到那儿时，晚饭还没有做。
(8)过去将来时：would+be+过去分词
She told me that a new English teacher would be sent to our class in a week.
她告诉我一周以后要给我们班派一位新的英语老师来。
They asked the mayor what would be done to control the water pollution.
③动作执行者一般大众时，省略by
Both English and Spain are spoken in this area.
在这个地区，英语和西班牙语都通用。
特别注意：下面这些动词短语本身已经是被动形式，不再需要加“ by...”。
be interested in对……感兴趣
be made of(from)由……而制成
那部电影将由张艺谋执导。
(4)现在进行时：am (is, are)+being+过去分词
A new free way from Beijing to Shanghai is being built now.
一条从北京到上海的新的高速公路正在建设之中。
I'm slowly being driven mad by the noise of passing plane.
Football is played all over the world.
足球运动遍及全世界。
English isn't spoken by people here.
这里的人不说英语。
(2)一般过去时：was (were)+过去分词
These new books were published last month.
be covered with以……覆盖着
be surprised at对……感到惊奇
二、被动语态的基本用法
1.需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。
Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustn't be taken away.
阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。
Father bought him a computer.
爸爸给他买了一台电脑。
→A computer was bought for him(by father).(以物作主语)
→He was bought a computer (by father).
(以人作主语，虽语法正确，但实际不这样使用。)
1.被动语态的句型
肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+(by...)
否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+(by...)
一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by...)?
特殊问句：疑问词+be+过去分词+(by...)?
这里be决定了被动语态的时态，be后面的过去分词没有变化。
2.被动语态的八种时态
(1)一般现在时：am (is, are)+过去分词
人们常常取笑他
→He is often made fun of (by people).
必背：把下面这些动词短语背熟：
begin with以……开始
catch up with赶上
fall behind落后
fight about为……而战斗
find out弄清楚
jump into跳入
laugh at嘲笑某人，learn from向某人学习
pay付钱给……，buy买，sing给……唱歌，make制，做，do做，get得到。
5.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
有一些动词如make，call等，常伴有定语补足语(或称为复合宾语)；在变为被动语态时，宾补的位置不变。
He named the baby(宾) Lily(宾补).
他给这个婴儿起名叫莉莉。
The baby was named(谓语)Lily(宾补)(by him).
(莉莉的位置不变)The teacher made me(宾)help you with your English(宾补).
老师让我帮助你学英语。
I was made(谓语)to·help you with y our English.(宾补)(by the teacher)
He was seen(谓语)to enter the Room 102(宾补).
我看见他进入102室。(他被看见进入了102室。)
6.不及物动词+介词或副词的被动语态形式
有一些不及物动词，其后接上一个介词或副词以后形成一个动词短语，这个短语的作用和一个及物动词一样，在变为被动语态时，一定不要把介词或副词去掉。
我正在慢慢地被过往飞机的噪音逼得发疯。
(5)过去进行时：was (were)+being+过去分词