lecture2-creating-parts
2021年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit2
2021年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit2Unit 2 Mistakes to SuccessI. New words and expressionsNew words1. spill v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出2. respond v. 作出反应；响应 respond to… response3. interview v. （媒体）采访，访问4. creative adj. 创作的5. occur v. 发生；出现 It occurred to me that…6. remove v. 拿开；去掉7. refrigerator n. 冰箱8. grip n. 紧握；紧抓9. slippery adj. 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走） 10. content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物11. veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的 12. yell v. 叫喊；大喊；吼叫13. lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责 14. mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁15. rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常 rare animals / stamps Rarely is he late for class. 16. puddle n. 水洼；小水坑 17. eventually 最后；终于 18. restore v. 使复原；使复位；使复职 19. sponge n. 海绵块 20. effectively adv. 有效地 effective ineffective注意区分：effective / efficient 21. tiny adj. 极小的；微小的22. discover v. 了解到；认识到；查明 discovery23. grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢24. lip n.（容器或凹陷地方的)边，边沿 25. renowned adj. 有名的；闻名的；受尊敬的 26. remark v. 谈论；评论 27. opportunity n. 机会；时机28. scientific adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的 science scientist例如：The medical science is making great progress in the treatment of cancer.You should provide scientific evidence instead of subjective evidence to prove this theory holds water.Several world-renowned scientists will be invited to attend the forum.29. valuable adj. 很有用的；很重要的；宝贵的Phrases and Expressions1. in this manner 用这种方式2. set…apart from 区别；使与众不同II. Text LearningSpilt Milk① Have you heard of the story about split milk? (1)Well, we all know there is no use crying over split milk. But this story is different. I would hope all parents wouldrespond in this manner.② I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist（研究科学家，高级研究员） who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. (2)He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others?③ He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. (3)He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor - a veritable sea of milk!④ When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said,\(4)Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage hasalready been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk fora few minutes before we clean it up?\⑤ Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said，\you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?\spilt milk.⑥ His mother then said, \failed experiment in how toeffectively carrya big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.\(5)The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson! （承上总结句）⑦ (6)The renowned scientist remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes. (7)Instead, he learned that mistakes were justopportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientificexperiments are all about. Even if the experiment \usually learn somethingvaluable from it.⑧ (8)Wouldn't it be great if all parents would respond the way Robert's mother responded to him? 本文重点及难点：1. Well, we all know there is no use crying over split milk. There / It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
英文版课件PPT
03
Different types of courseware: There are different types of courseware depending on the intended use and the educational level for which it is designed Some common types include interactive courseware, simulation courseware, online courseware, blended courseware, and mobile courseware
Set learning goals
It's important for students to set specific learning goals for each unit and track their progress regularly
Practice outside of class
Students must have a basic knowledge of the English language and be able to participate in class activities and assignments
Why should you take this course?
01
the
What is this course about?
Course objectives
This course aims to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of English language and culture, as well as practical language skills that can be applied in real world situations
托福听力tpo56 lecture1、2、3 原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo56 lecture1、2、3 原文+题目+答案+译文Lecture1 (1)原文 (1)题目 (3)答案 (5)译文 (5)Lecture2 (7)原文 (7)题目 (9)答案 (11)译文 (12)Lecture3 (14)原文 (14)题目 (16)答案 (18)译文 (18)Lecture1原文NARRATOR: Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.MALE PROFESSOR: OK, at the end of our last class I started to talk a little bit about a dominant movement in United States painting in the late 1940s and the 1950s. And I said that the artists involved shared a spirit of revolt against tradition and a belief in spontaneous freedom of expression. This significant art movement is known as Abstract Expressionism.Now, Abstract Expressionism is kind of hard to define, but it-it’s basically an attemptby the artist to convey meaning or feeling in an abstract way. So, the artists didn’t worry about whether they were painting familiar subject matter, like the kinds of things you’d see in the world around you. They’d paint...well, abstract things, on, ah, a huge canvas—which itself was a break from traditional technique. And it was common among artists to apply the paint to the canvas very rapidly and with great force. So let’s look at the work of the most famous American Abstract Expressionist, Jackson Pollock.There was nothing in Jackson Pollock’s training as an artist that suggested he would come to be seen as some sort of artistic revolutionary. In the 1930s he studied drawing and painting at the Art Students League, a popular art school in New York City. What he did later—in the 1940s—was a startling innovation. Jackson Pollock used a technique, the so called “pour and drip” technique, for which he is best known. He didn’t use the traditional easel—he laid his wall-size canvas flat on the floor, so he could move around it and work it from all sides. Then he poured and dripped his paint onto the canvas without touching it with a brush—just poured and dripped.Now, the physical movements involved in Pollock’s painting technique have led people to call it “action painting,” which almost suggests that the process of creating the painting, physically, was at least as important as the end product itself. In fact, people used to watch him work in his studio, dripping and pouring paint and other materials onto his canvases. This could make you think of Pollock’s work as being kind of like, wild or chaotic, or random. But the truth is that Pollock was in complete control of his materials and his paintings.Pollock’s pour and drip works were quite revolutionary, and at first they shocked the art world. Pollock used massive canvases. They seem more like portable murals than anything else. A good example of his technique is the painting “Autumn Rhythm,” which Pollock painted in 1950.“Autumn Rhythm,” at first glance looks like basically, just a whole lot of squiggly lines;rather bizarre, just like a bunch of pointless drips and swirls. But if you look closely, you see why it’s so admired.Beneath all the apparent chaos there’s really a very definite structure of lines, rhythms, and sensations that makes the whole piece work. Sheer randomness would not be nearly as visually appealing as this painting is. You need some structure, even if it’s not readily apparent.I’ve read some articles by other scholars who’ve, in their discussion of Pollock, um, some of them like to point out that he painted his canvases while looking down at them, since they were on the ground, as I said, but when we go to a museum, they’re up on a wall. They think this is significant because it makes our perspective different. But I mean...well, think of photography. We’ve all seen photos of the sky, the ground...meaning that the photographer was shooting from different angles. Does that mean that we should put a photo of the sky, on the ceiling? Of course not. It wouldn’t matter if you’re looking at it on a wall or in a photo album on your lap. And I think it’s the same with Pollock. It doesn’t matter from which angle we view his paintings. It’s OK that he painted on the floor and we look at it on the wall.But in spite of his work being shocking and even misunderstood at first, Pollock’s work became so influential in the development of Abstract Expressionism, that the artistic community started to shift its attention from Paris, which had been the center of the art world, to New York, where Pollock lived and worked. So Pollock’s breakthrough work helped move the focus of contemporary art, and that’s one of the measures of his greatness, really.题目1.Why does the professor discuss Jackson Pollock?A. To point out a common misconception about Abstract ExpressionismB. To help students understand the nature of Abstract ExpressionismC. To compare Pollock’s technique to that of other Abstract Expressionist paintersD. To defend Pollock and the Abstract Expressionists from criticism2.What point does the professor make about Jackson Pollock’s training as an artist?A. It motivated him to rebel against art he claimed was boring.B. It contrasted with the type of art he later created.C. It taught him how to paint using unconventional methods.D. It was very different from the type of training most artists receive.3.What were two features of Jackson Pollock’s painting technique?[Click on 2 answers.]A. He used walls as a painting surface.B. He painted the canvas while it was on the floor.C. He applied paint by pouring or dripping it.D. He allowed visitors at his studio to help with the painting.4.What is the professor’s attitude toward the term “action painting”?A. He thinks it correctly describes Pollack’s painting technique.B. He considers it less appropriate for Pollock than for other Abstract Expressionists.C. He believes that it represents the sense of movement displayed in Pollock’s paintings.D. He is pleased that contemporary critics rarely use the term.5.What feature of Autumn Rhythm does the professor imply is representative of Pollock’s works?A. It symbolizes the passage of time.B. It reveals a lack of control over emotions.C. It combines structure and the appearance of chaos.D. It combines tradition and innovation.6.Why does the professor discuss photography?A. To emphasize how different it is from paintingB. To make a point about its increasing popularity in New York’s art worldC. To show the extent of Pollock’s influenceD. To support his argument about the way people look at Pollock’s paintings答案B B BC A C D译文旁白：在艺术史课上听一部分讲座。
学术英语(理工)-Unit 2
to get the materials
• Using the library Getting to know the library organization: Circulation desk Reference room Card catalog Computer facilities Photocopiers Non-print materials
学术英语 理工
Academic English
for Science and Engineering
Unit 2 Searching for Information
t Contents
1 Finding reliable and better sources
2 Scanning and skimming
(Educational resources information center)
• Online magazines or newspapers
Searching on the internet
• Online discussion groups • Online journals
• • • • • • • Search engines you should know:
Searching on the internet
3 Identifying topic sentences for information 4 Guessing word meaning 5 Using the organization of the text 6 Reading critically
7 Taking notes
8 Writing a summary
新核心综合学术英语教程第二册_Unit_2
Background Information
about science
Marxism
Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington
Alfred W. Adler
Claudius Ptolemy
about Science
• The extensive literature addressed to the definition or characterization of science is filled with inconsistent points of view and demonstrates that an adequate definition is not easy to attain. Part of the difficulty arises from the fact that the meaning of science is not fixed, but is dynamic. As science has evolved, so has its meaning. It takes on a new meaning and significance with successive ages. —Russell L. Ackoff • To spread healthy ideas among even the lowest classes of people, to remove men from the influence of prejudice and passion, to make reason the arbiter and supreme guide of public opinion; that is the essential goal of the sciences; that is how science will contribute to the advancement of civilization, and that is what deserves protection of governments who want to insure the stability of their power. —Georges Cuvier
《新境界-综合教程2》课件 unit 2
Back
Task 1
1. Are you an online shopper? Have you ever bought anything from an online shop? Open Answers. 2. What do you know can be bought from online shops? Open Answers. 3. What is the procedure of buying things from online shops? Open Answers.
Reading of the Text Background Information Text A Comprehension Task 1 Vocabulary Task 3 Translation Task 5 Syndicate Activities Task 7 Grammar Review Task 1 Task 2 Comprehensive Exercises
marketing materials.
Back
Text A
Building a website on a budget
Para. 3 As a home-based start-up, Sandy was working
with a very limited budget, so she was recommended to hire a student to develop her website. Hiring a student to
Back
Reading of the Text
Sandy’s Home-Style Baking Company
Text A
Sandy’s Home-Style Baking Company
Lecture2
∇2
d2 = [d r2
2d + r dr
1 d2 + r2 d Θ2
1
+r2
cotΘddΘ
1
+ r2 sin2Θ
d2 d φ2]
Normalization
If ψ is a solution to the time-independent Schrödinger equation
−
h2 2m
δ2ψ(x) δx2
+
ψ(x)V(x)
=
Eψ(x)
(1)
then Nψ will also be a solution
Proof:
−
h2 2m
δ 2 ( Nψ (x)) δx2
+
Nψ(x)V(x)
=
ENψ(x)
(2)
or
− h2 δ [δ(Nψ(x))] + Nψ(x)V(x) = ENψ(x) 2m δx δx
Normalization
Longitude
Latitude
Dis tan ce
Spherical Coordinates
We are going to make use of the spherical polar coordinate system
Z (x,y,z) → (r, Θ,φ )
Θ
r
φ
X
Y
We have the following relation
xi
P(xk )
Possible range between a and b is:
P(xn )
∆x1 ∆xi ∆xk ∆xn
a
lecture-2
基组 6-311G
Split valence basis set
0.1027410000E+00 0.1000000000E+01 STO
c1e
1r 2
c2e
2 r 2
c3e
3r 2
c4e
4 r 2
c5e
5 r 2
STO 0.3386500000E+02 0.2549381454E-01 0.5094790000E+01 0.1903731086E+00 0.1158790000E+01 0.8521614860E+00 E = -0.499809815090
Pseudopotentials: in this approach, only the chemically active valence electrons are dealt with explicitely.
The inner core electrons are eliminated within the frozen-core approximation, being considered together with the nuclei as rigid nonpolarizable ion cores.
c1e
1r 2
c2 e
2 r 2
c3e
3 r 2
STO 0.5447178000D+01 0.1562849787D+00 0.8245472400D+00 0.9046908767D+00
STO 0.1831915800D+00 0.1000000000 set 3s2s
《新境界-综合教程2》课件 unit 1
marketing synonym promotion define layout
convenience
Back
Marketing and Marketing Mix
Marketing and Marketing Mix
Para. 1 What is marketing? 1 The definition that many marketers learn as they start out in the industry is: Putting the right product in the right place, at the right price, at the right time. Para. 2 It’s simple! You just need to create a product that a particularly group of people want, put it on sale some place that those same people visit regularly, and 2 price it at a level which matches the value they feel they get out of it; and do all that at a time they want to buy. Then you’ve got it made! Back
2. Who is the manufacturer of the product in the first advertisement?
Crate & Barrel.
3. What is the second advertisement for? It is for renting cars.
新境界职业英语综合教程2精华版 unit 1课件
1. What are the above products used for?
Electric unicycle is the smallest, greenest, most convenient “People Mover”. It is compact and fun to ride. A bicycle lamp is for lighting the roadway, and it is very helpful to the rider who rides at night. A toaster is designed to toast different types of delicious bread. A motorcycle car is a kind of fashionable car to ride.
Scripts
学习交流PPT
Back
20
Mini Text
Task 1
Read the following Mini Text and find the word or expression that matches the context meaning given.
a) __l_o_c_a_ti_o_n_____: a place or a position of something b) __e_x_c_l_u_si_v_e_ly___: only, just c) __a_v_a_i_l_a_b_le____: able to be obtained, taken, or used d) __o_n_e_-_o_f_f _____: done, occurring, or made only once e) ___b_o_o_k_______: to make a reservation f ) ___ra_i_s_e_______: to lift something from a lower to a higher position
新视野研究生英语读说写2-课文翻译及课后答案
新视野研究生英语读说写2英语原文加翻译1 大学课堂：还有人在听吗？A former teacher of mine, Robert A. Fowkes of New York University, likes to tell the story of a class he took in Old Welsh while studying in Germany during the 1930s. On the first day the professor strode up to the podium shuffled his notes, coughed, and began, ―Guten Tag, Meine Damen und Herren‖(―Good day, ladies and gentlemen‖). Fowkes glanced around uneasily. He was the only student in the course. 纽约大学的Robert A Fowkes是我过去的一位老师。
他喜欢讲在上世纪30年代他在德国上，古威尔士语课的故事。
第一天上课，教授大步走上讲台，翻了翻笔记，咳嗽了一声，开始说道：“早上好，女士们、先生们。
”Fowkes不安地扫视一番。
他是上这门课的唯一学生。
Toward the middle of the semester, Fowkes fell ill and missed a class. When he returned, the professor nodded vaguely and, to Fowkes’s astonishment, began to deliver not the next lecture in the sequence but the one after. Had he, in fact, lectured to an empty hall in the absence of his solitary student? Fowkes thought it perfectly possible.在学期中间，Fowkes 因病缺了一次课。
北京市海淀区2019-2020学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题(含解析)
北京市海淀区2019—2020学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题(含解析）考生须知：1。
本试卷共8页，共四大部分，65道小题，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。
2. 在试卷和答题卡上准确填涂学校名称、班级、姓名和准考证号。
3。
试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
4。
在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
5. 考试结束,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力理解（共三节,20分）第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话你将听一遍。
1。
What will the man do this Spring Festival？A. Travel abroad. B。
Go to his hometown。
C。
Go to Disneyland.2. What’s the weather like in the evening？A. Sunny.B. Rainy.C. Windy。
3。
What are the two speakers talking about?A. A film。
B。
A country. C. A book。
4. Where does the conversation probably take place？A. In the market。
B. In the restaurant。
C. In the kitchen.5. Which subject does the man want to choose?A。
History. B。
Physics. C. Chemistry.第二节(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)听下面4段对话。
每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项.听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。
Lecture_2
Our Atmosphere: A Chemical Perspective
The Secondary Atmosphere
• Several hypotheses exist, which can be broadly classified as solar nebula, solar wind, comet–asteroid and accretion
Our Atmosphere: A Chemical Perspective
• Significant outgassing (the release of gas from the planet’s interior) took place as the intense heating would have led to the dissociation of minerals containing bound H2O and CO2, as well as degassing of physically trapped gases
Our Atmosphere: A Chemical Perspective
The Noble Gases
• So called because of their chemical inertness • These gases provide valuable pointers concerning atmospheric origins and evolution • Except for He (the lightest of the Noble Gases), they cannot readily escape to space
Lecture2中英文字幕
Lecture2中英文字幕Unit6 Go shoppingLecture2 Sales and promotionHello, everybody.大家好In this session we are going to focus on the main idea and structure of our text on p.78.这节课我们主要来讲解一下78页课文的大意及文章结构。
Do you know how to find out the main idea of an article?你们知道如何找出文章的大意么？Let’s watch a video clip to figure it out.让我们来看一段视频短片What have you learnt from the video clip?从这段视频中你们学到了什么？To find out the main idea, we should try to find the topic.想找出文章的大意我们应该先找到文章的主题Repeating words in the text can help us to find the topic.文章中重复出现的词有助于我们找出文章的主题Look! What are the repeating words in our text?看！这篇课文中重复出现的词是什么？As we can see technique and response are repeated many times in the text.正如我们所看到的，technique和response是课文中重复出现的词。
Response means the way to resist the techniques ,response在这篇文章中的意思是应对促销手段的方法so the main idea of the text is sales techniques and the ways to resist the techniques.所以这篇文章的大意就是促销手段和应对方法A sales technique is a selling method that is used by a sales person or sales team to make money and help sell more effectively.促销手段是销售人员或销售团队为了赚钱或卖出更多商品而采取的销售策略The way to resist the techniques means the way to fight against the sales techniques.应对方法是指应对这些促销手段的方法。
艺术生英语E英语教程第二册Unit-3PPT课件
.
1
Content
Listening and speaking Reading Grammar Writing
Culture express
.
2
Listening and speaking Reading
Oh, I see.
But I just can’t imagine how I can get into shape and fit
into the dress in such a short time. Look at my body! I
can’t help worrying.
But I don’t think dieting really works. It’s better to have
Writing
Pronouncing plosives properly
Culture express
Listen to a song and fill in the blanks with what you hear.
Tips
在英语朗读中，遇到爆破音+爆破音时，前一个爆破音 只作发音姿势，刚要发出时，立即发出第二个爆破音。 如：what time，goodbye。遇到爆破音+摩擦音时，前 一个爆破音作好发音姿势，刚发出即过渡到摩擦音。爆 破音发出的声音非常轻微，有时甚至听不出来。如： picture，good child。
3. But I don’t think ___d_ie_t_i_n_g__ really works. It’s better to have a healthy lifestyle—eating more fruits and vegetables, __d_r_in_k_i_n_g__ lots of water, and hitting the gym as often as possible.
艺术生英语E英语教程第二册Unit演示文稿
B had dinner last night in the restaurant that A had recommended. Now they are talking about the restaurant and B expresses his / her satisfaction with everything there.
第十一页，共174页。
Conversation 1 - Expressing satisfaction
Rion
Situation 1
Ann: Hi, Betty! How was your dinner last night?
Betty: Great! My friend and I like it very much. Thanks for your
第九页，共174页。
Conversation 1 - Expressing satisfaction
Scripts
Jason:
Anna:
Jason:
Anna:
Jason:
Anna:
Jason:
Anna: Jason:
Anna:
Hi, Anna, how’s it going? Not too bad. I haven’t seen you for some time. What have you been doing lately, Jason? Same as usual, I’m still busy with my work. You know, working in one of the world’s top 500 companies is quite demanding. How long have you been working in this company? Over two years. Are you satisfied with your present job? Yes, I am quite pleased with it. I have a big office, some helpful colleagues, and an open-minded boss. There is nothing to complain about.
Unit2-Making a Presentation高级职业英语第三册
back
Activity 2 Fulfill the Following Tasks
Task 1 Complete the outline with the information from the passage. Making Presentations with Pictures Picture presentations: 1. Bar charts, bar graphs, diagrams, and tables offer a simple 2. Bar charts or bar graphs 1) _______________ but meaningful representation of the information lasting impression 3. Bar graphs leave a more 2) _________________ 4. Diagrams are used to demonstrate ideas, facts, plans, concepts, processes, and sequences
next
Activity 2 Fulfill the Following Tasks
6. He __________ to be a reporter after graduating. is eager to 7. China Mobile has set up many iron towers to relay to __________ the signals __________ its users. 8. At the beginning of your presentation, you should try catch the attention to __________________ of your audience.
Unit2ExploringEnglishUsingLanguage构词法课件高一上学期英语
raining”.
d 1. abbreviating（缩写） c 2. changing the part of speech（改变词性） b 3. adding a prefix or suffix（增加前缀或后缀） a 4. combining two or more words（合成词）
d
WHO
Combining two or more words
adding a prefix or suffix
penfriend well-known
calm presenting
Para.2 Para.4
Para.3
Word formation
Para.5
incorrect unhappy improvement
American and British English
A/B A/B
A/B
A/B
A/B
A/B
American English
Words
eraser cookie
Spelling
color check
British English
rubber biscuit colour cheque
Pronunciation
3 people travel on the 10___u_n__d_er_g_r_o_u_n_d__. Americans live in a(n) 11_____a_p_a_r_tm__e_n_t ___, while
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Байду номын сангаас
• 一般在Assembly和 Mesh 模块创建可划分网格的区域效果更好。
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.30
利用部件模块工具创建部件
带有加强筋的橡 胶
软橡胶
Engine belt modeled as a part with two regions
L1.13
定义部件
• 在拷贝的过程中部件可以被缩放和/或镜像。
• 对于几何体和孤立网格该项功能都有效。
• 不相连的区域可以被分成独立的部件。
• 在孤立网格处将会进一步的讨论。
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
几何体导入和修理
L1.15
几何体导入和修理
• 草图
• 可以导入下列格式的二维草图：
• 通过部件模型工具创建的部件具有基于特征的特点。
• 特征纪录了设计目的，并包含几何信息，同时它也是管理几何体行为的规 则。
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.9
定义部件
• 例如，“贯穿切削”是特征。参数是直径。
• 即使改变部件的厚度，贯穿切削仍然贯穿整个 部件。
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
• AutoCAD (.dxf)
• IGES (.igs)
• STEP (.stp)
• ACIS (.sat)
• 草图可以导出到ACIS, IGES, 或 STEP格式。
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.16
几何体导入和修理
• 部件：自带的CAD几何体
• 下列自带的CAD格式可以直接被导入： • CATIA V4 (.model, .catdata, .exp) • CATIA V5 (via .enf_abq)
L1.10
定义部件
• 参数化、基于特征的建模器适合于创建从简单到相对复杂的分解几何体
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.11
定义部件
• 导入的几何体
• 导入的几何体没有特征。
• 然而， Abaqus/CAE的几何 体处理功能可以用于修改导 入的几何体；例如，删除不 需要的细节。 • 在包含导入部件的装配件中 添加部件。
泵的装配件，包括导入的（机盖、 垫圈、螺栓）和孤立的集合体
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.8
定义部件
• Abaqus/CAE中直接创建的几何体
• 利用部件模块的已有工具创建几何体。
• 被称为native几何体。
• Abaqus/CAE基于 ACIS建模引擎。
• 该项技术提供所有的Abaqus/CAE功能。
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
利用部件模块工具创建部件
L1.23
利用部件模块工具创建部件
1. 选择合适的尺寸和部件类型
•
后面还可以改变
2. 选择合适基本类型—一旦选定将 不能被修改。 • 创建部件时，第一个创建的 特征被称为基特征。
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.31
利用部件模块工具创建部件
• 草图
• 在Abaqus/CAE定义部件的过程中，草图是用于辅助定义特征几何形状的 二维轮廓。
• 草图可以以AutoCAD (.dxf)、IGES (.igs)、和ACIS (.sat)格式导 入。 • 相关内容被转入到Abaqus/CAE，包括线、圆弧和样条曲线。 • 不能被转入的部分将被忽略。
• 还可以利用Abaqus/CAE的Sketcher创建草图。
• 同其它的草图工具一样， Abaqus/CAE的Sketcher包括一张虚 拟的图纸。
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.32
利用部件模块工具创建部件
• 调用Sketcher
• 在用户创建基特征时， Abaqus/CAE自动调用 一 张空白的虚拟图纸草图。
• 还可以利用Sketch模块创 建独立的草图。该种方法 创建的草图不与任何的部 件相关联，但是可以保留， 作后继使用。
创建独立的草图
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.33
利用部件模块工具创建部件
• 使用Sketcher • Sketcher工具集提供了基本的绘制工具，它可以绘制相对复杂的草图。
距离屏幕最近的 对象
外部或内部对 通过拖动-选择 区域选择的对 象 象
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.29
利用部件模块工具创建部件
• 在部件模块中分区
• 分区将部件再细分为不同的区域。每个区域必须指定材料和横截面属性。
• 装配件中每个部件的“实例”将具有同样的分区。
• 区域可以用于创建几何集，还可以用于划分网格。
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.12
定义部件
• 导入的网格
• 可以从Abaqus/CAE的输出数据库文件中，或者Abaqus的输入文件中导入 网格。
• 节点和单元被作为孤立网格导入。 • 它们没有相关的父几何体。
• 在下一课中将会详细介绍。
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
• 关联导入
• 对于从CAD导入到Abaqus/CAE的零件和装配体，关联导入是一种强大的 解决方法。
• 有效支持： • CATIA V5
• SolidWorks
• Pro/ENGINEER*
Abaqus/CAE
SolidWorks
*The interface with Pro/ENGINEER is bidirectional
• 任意形状的；在载荷作用下不可以 变形。
• 解析刚体部件 • 只可以用直线、圆弧和抛物线创建 的形状；在载荷作用下不可以变形。 • 欧拉部件
离散刚体部件：任意形状 解析刚体部件：旋转的刚性 的刚体冲垫（带有可变形 扎滚（带有可变形的金属原 料） 的毛坯 • 实体区域；定义在欧拉分析中材料
可以流动的区域
部件
有限元模型
壳的厚度: 1mm
壳的厚度: 3mm
带有多个区域的部件
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.5
什么是部件?
• 可以创建模型的部件类型 • 可变形部件 • 任意形状的，可以包含不同维数的 特征（实体、表面、线）；在载荷 作用下可以变形。 • 离散刚体部件
可变形部件: 轴机架
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.21
几何体导入和修理
• 手工修理选项
• 对于有效的几何体，有更多的工具可以进行 进一步的修理：
• 通过合并边和表面修理导入的部件。 • 删除表面，并选择是否缝合缝隙。
• 利用已有的边创建表面。
• 利用已有的面创建壳。
• 缝合小的缝隙。
关于几何体的导入和修理在“Abaqus/CAE: Geometry Import and Meshing”专题中有更深入的讨论
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.17
几何体导入和修理
• 部件：中性格式
• 以下的中性几何体格式的部件可 以被导入：
• ACIS (.sat) • IGES (.igs)
• VDA-FS (.vda)
• STEP (.stp)
• Abaqus/CAE中的部件可以被导 出到这些格式。
L1.24
利用部件模块工具创建部件
• • 基特征可以是平面的或三维的（拉伸、旋转、或扫略）。基特征也基于 二维平面草图轮廓。 因为基特征是部件所有特征的父特征，所以基特征不能被隐藏。如果不 删除整个部件，基特征也不能被删除。 可用的特征：实体拉伸，壳，线， 切削，或过渡（导角）。
3. 定义附加特征，用于修改基特征或为基特征添加细节。 •
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.25
利用部件模块工具创建部件
基特征— 实体拉伸特征
a
切削特征
导角特征
基特征和附加特征
线特征 壳特征
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.26
利用部件模块工具创建部件
• “基准”几何体
• 基准是参考几何体，或者把基准作为建模的辅助工具。当部件中不能包含 创建特征必要的几何体时，它可以辅助用户创建特征。
在Abaqus/CAE中操作几何体
第二讲
L1.2
概述
• 什么是部件?
• 定义部件
• 几何体的导入和修理
• 利用部件模块工具创建部件
• 练习
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
什么是部件?
L1.4
什么是部件?
• 部件是Abaqus/CAE创建模型的 “积木”。 • 有限元模型中的每个体最终 要与相应的部件相联系。 • 每个部件可以被分区，分成 多个“区域”，并且每个区 域必须与相应的材料和横截 面属性相关联。
Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
L1.20
几何体导入和修理
• 几何修复
• 对于大多数Abaqus支持的文件格式，Abaqus/CAE在导入过程中自 动修复部件.
• 必须通过几何修理操作使得导入的部件有效. • 有效的几何体是一个闭合体 (在各个边之间没有缝隙等).
• Abaqus/CAE 只能够对有效的几何模型进行.
欧拉部件：圆柱体内 的材料流动