great gatsby的作者简介

菲茨杰拉德，F．S．（1896～1940）美国小说家。

1896年9月24日生于明尼苏达州圣保罗市。

父亲是家具商。

他年轻时试写过剧本。

读完高中后考入普林斯顿大学。

1917年入伍，终日忙于军训，未曾出国打仗。

退伍后坚持业余写作。

1920年出版了长篇小说《人间天堂》结识了安德逊、海明威等多位美国作家。

1925年《了不起的盖茨比》问世，奠定了他在现代美国文学史上的地位，成了20年代“爵士时代”的发言人和“迷惘的一代”的代表作家之一。

由于家庭原因，与他的妻子有很大的关系，1940年12月21日迸发心脏病，死于洛杉矶，年仅44岁。

他在44岁的时候因为心脏病发而去世，留下他最后一本小说《最后的大亨》(The Last Tycoon) ，这是一本有关好莱坞生活的小说，不过只写了一半。

菲茨杰拉德不仅写长篇小说，短篇小说也频有特色。

除上述两部作品外，主要作品还有《夜色温柔》（1934）和《最后一个巨商》（1941）。

他的小说生动地反映了20年代“美国梦”的破灭，展示了大萧条时期美国上层社会“荒原时代”的精神面貌。

☆了不起的盖茨比小说通过完美的艺术形式描写了20年代贩酒暴发户盖茨比所追求的“美国梦”的幻灭，揭示了美国社会的悲剧。

盖茨比与黛茜的恋爱和分手本来是个很普通的爱情故事。

但作者出手不凡，把盖茨比热恋的姑娘当作青春、金钱和地位的象征，当作靠手段追求富裕物质生活的“美国梦”。

盖茨比为了追求黛茜耗尽了自己的感情和才智，最后葬送掉自己的生命。

他天真地以为：有了金钱就能重温旧梦，赎回失去的爱情。

可惜，他错了。

他看错了黛茜这个粗俗浅薄的女人。

他看错了表面上灯红酒绿而精神上空虚无聊的社会。

他生活在梦幻之中，被黛茜抛弃，为社会冷落，终于铸成了无法挽回的悲剧。

而其文描写爱情与理想时所表现出的一股哀伤。

像一股细流流露在字里行间，正是反馈出作者本身对美国梦的失望。

作者在别处也提到过这部小说的重心正是放在”美国梦“的幻灭上。

《了不起的盖茨比》之所以成为一部不朽的名著，与其形式和写作上的特点有着密不可分的关系。

结合了客观与抒情、现实与梦幻、理想与象征、顺叙与倒叙、铺陈与简约等手法并运用的完美和谐使其统一为一体，使这部作品有了及其深刻丰富的含义与内涵。

对小说人物本事的刻画也突出了重要的时代的特点。

盖茨比是20年代典型的美国青年。

他的遭遇正是欢歌笑舞的“爵士时代”的写照。

内容简介弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德（1896-1940），美国二十世纪最杰出的作家之一。

《了不起的盖茨比》是他最著名的代表作。

二十世纪二十年代的美国，空气里弥漫着欢歌与纵饮的气息。

一个偶然的机会，穷职员尼克闯入了挥金如土的大富翁盖茨比隐秘的世界，惊讶地发现，他内心惟一的牵绊竟是对河岸那盏小小的绿灯——灯影婆娑中，住着心爱的黛西。

然而，冰冷的现实容不下缥缈的梦，到头来，盖茨比心中的女神只不过是凡尘俗世的物质女郎。

当一切真相大白，盖茨比的悲剧人生亦如烟花般，璀璨只是一瞬，幻灭才是永恒。

一阕华丽的“爵士时代”的挽歌，在菲茨杰拉德笔下，如诗如梦，在美国当代文学史上留下了墨色浓重的印痕。

二十世纪末，美国学术界权威在百年英语文学长河中选出一百部最优秀的小说，《了不起的盖茨比》众望所归，高居第二位，傲然跻身当代经典行列。

作者简介弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德 (Francis Scott Fitzgerald 1896-1940) 美国二十世纪最杰出的作家之一。

属于迷惘的一代，是“浮躁的20年代”(the roaring 20s)的代言人生于明尼苏达州圣保罗市一个商人家庭。

原名弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲兹杰拉德。

普林斯顿大学大学未毕业就退学。

1917年入伍，次年升为中尉军官，1919年退伍，在一家商业公司当抄写员，业余致力于创作。

他的创作倾向与“迷惘的一代”相似，表现第一次世界大战后年轻的一代对美国所抱的理想的幻灭。

1920年发表第一部长篇小说《人间天堂》，一举成名，声名远播。

小说出版后他与珊尔达·赛瑞结婚。

珊尔达对他的生活与创作影响很大，他的小说里许多女主人公都有她的面影。

以后又出版了两部短篇小说集《姑娘们与哲学家们》(1921)和《爵土时代的故事》(1922)。

1925年，他的代表作《了不起的盖茨比》出版，确立了他在文学史上的地位。

《了不起的盖茨比》表现了“美国梦”的幻灭。

这部小说谴责以托姆为代表的美国特权阶级自私专横，为所欲为，以同情的态度描写了盖茨比的悲剧，并指出他的悲剧来自他对生活和爱情的幻想，对上层社会人物缺乏认识。

1934年菲茨杰拉尔德出版了另一部重要的长篇小说《夜色温柔》，成功地表现了上层资产者的自私与腐化，对主人公的沉沦满怀同情。

但评论界对它反应冷淡。

1936年菲茨杰拉尔德在病中写了自传《崩溃》。

后来以好莱坞一个电影导演为主人公创作长篇小说《最后的一个巨头》，没有完成，他就去世。

遗稿由他的朋友、批评家埃德蒙·威尔逊整理出版(1941)。

他也是美国著名编剧。

1922年他的小说《美女和被诅咒的人》被拍成电影；1925年出版了《伟大的盖茨比》，奠定了他在美国文学史上的地位，1949、1974年两次被派拉蒙公司拍摄成电影。

进入30年代，他在好莱坞担任编剧，1938年改编的《生死同心》是他唯一一部在片头上挂名的电影。

其它创作或改编的主要作品有《女人》、《乱世佳人》、《居里夫人》、《我最后一次看到巴黎》、《绮梦初艳》等。

1936年他开始写最后一部小说《最后一个大亨》，但未能完成。

1940年12月去世，年仅44岁。

他和专栏作家希拉的爱情，1959年被拍摄成电影《痴情恨》。

Life and careerBorn in 1896 in Saint Paul, Minnesota to an upper middle class Irish Catholic family, Fitzgerald was named after his famous second cousin, three times removed, Francis Scott Key,[2] but was referred to as "Scott." He was also named after his deceased sister, Louise Scott,[3] one of two sisters who died shortly before his birth. "Well, three months before I was born," he wrote as an adult, "my mother lost her other two children (I)think I started then to be a writer."[4]. His parents were Mollie (McQuillan) and Edward Fitzgerald.[5]Scott spent the first decade of his childhood primarily in Buffalo, New York (1898–1901 and 1903–1908, with a short interlude in Syracuse, New York between January 1901 and September 1903).[6] His parents, both practicing Catholics, sent Scott to two Catholic schools on the West Side of Buffalo, first Holy Angels Convent (1903–1904, now disused) and then Nardin Academy (1905–1908). His formative years in Buffalo revealed him to be a boy of unusual intelligence and drive with a keen early interest in literature, his doting mother ensuring that her son had all the advantages of an upper-middle-class upbringing.[7] In a rather unconventional style of parenting, Scott attended Holy Angels with thepeculiar arrangement that he go for only half a day—and was allowed to choose which half.[6]When Scott was ten years old, his father was fired from Procter & Gamble, and the family returned to Minnesota, where Fitzgerald attended St. Paul Academy in St. Paul from 1908–1911. His first literary effort, a detective story, was published in a school newspaper when he was 13. When he was 16, he was expelled from St. Paul Academy for neglecting his studies. He attended Newman School, a prep school in Hackensack, New Jersey, in 1911–1912, and entered Princeton University in 1913 as a member of the Class of 1917. There he became friends with future critics and writers Edmund Wilson (Class of 1916) and John Peale Bishop (Class of 1917), and wrote for the Princeton Triangle Club, the Nassau Lit,[8] and the Princeton Tiger. He also was involved in the American Whig-Cliosophic Society, which ran the Nassau Lit.[9] His absorption in the Triangle—a kind of musical-comedy society—led to his submission of a novel to Charles Scribner's Sons where the editor praised the writing but ultimately rejected the book. He was a member of the University Cottage Club, which still displays Fitzgerald's desk and writing materials in its library. A poor student, Fitzgerald left Princeton to enlist in the US Army during World War I; however, the war ended shortly after Fitzgerald's enlistment.[10]"The Jazz Age"F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1921Paris in the 1920s proved the most influential decade of Fitzgerald's development. The Great Gatsby, considered his masterpiece, was published in 1925. Fitzgerald made several excursions to Europe, mostly Paris and the French Riviera, and became friends with many members of the American expatriate community in Paris, notably Ernest Hemingway. Fitzgerald’s friendship with Hemingway was quite vigorous, as many of Fitzgerald’s relationships would prove to be. Hemingway did not get on well with Zelda. In addition to describing her as "insane" he claimed that she ―encouraged her husband to drink so as to dist ract Scott from his work on his novel,"[11][12] the other work being the short stories he sold to magazines. As did most professional authors at the time, Fitzgerald supplemented his income by writing short stories for such magazines asThe Saturday Evening Post, Collier's Weekly, and Esquire, and sold his stories and novels to Hollywood studios. This ―whoring‖, as Fitzgerald and, subsequently, Hemingway called these sales, was a sore point in the authors’ friendship. Fitzgerald claimed that he would first write his stories in an authentic manner but then put in ―twists that made them int o saleable magazine stories.‖[12]Fitzgerald wrote frequently for The Saturday Evening Post. This issue from May 1, 1920, containing the short story "Bernice Bobs Her Hair", was the first with Fitzgerald's name on the cover.Although Fitzgerald's passion lay in writing novels, only his first novel sold well enough to support the opulent lifestyle that he and Zelda adopted as New York celebrities. Because of this lifestyle, as well as the bills from Zelda's medical care when they came, Fitzgerald was constantly in financial trouble and often required loans from his literary agent, Harold Ober, and his editor at Scribner's, Maxwell Perkins. WhenOber decided not to continue advancing money to Fitzgerald, the author severed ties with his longtime friend and agent. (Fitzgerald offered a good-hearted and apologetic tribute to this support in the late short story "Financing Finnegan".)Fitzgerald began working on his fourth novel during the late 1920s but was sidetracked by financial difficulties that necessitated his writing commercial short stories, and by the schizophrenia that struck Zelda in 1930. Her emotional health remained fragile for the rest of her life. In 1932, she was hospitalized in Baltimore, Maryland. Scott rented the "La Paix" estate in the suburb of Towson, Maryland to work on his latest book, the story of the rise and fall of Dick Diver, a promising young psychiatrist who falls in love with and marries Nicole Warren, one of his patients. The book went through many versions, the first of which was to be a story of matricide. Some critics have seen the book as a thinly-veiled autobiographical novel recounting Fitzgerald's problems with his wife, the corrosive effects of wealth and a decadent lifestyle, his own egoism and self-confidence, and his continuing alcoholism. Indeed, Fitzgerald was extremely protective of his "material" (their life together). When Zelda wrote and sent to Scribner's her own fictional version of their lives in Europe, Save Me the Waltz, Fitzgerald was angry and was able to make some changes prior to the novel's publication, and convince her doctors to keep her from writing any more about what he called his "material,"which included their relationship. His book was finally published in 1934 as Tender Is the Night. Critics who had waited nine years for the followup to The Great Gatsby had mixed opinions about the novel. Most were thrown off by its three-part structure and many felt that Fitzgerald had not lived up to their expectations.[13]The novel did not sell well upon publication, but like the earlier Gatsby, the book's reputation has since risen significantly.Illness and deathFitzgerald had been an alcoholic since his college days, and became notorious during the 1920s for his extraordinarily heavy drinking, leaving him in poor health by the late 1930s. According to Zelda's biographer, Nancy Milford, Scott claimed that he had contracted tuberculosis, but Milford dismisses it as a pretext to cover his drinking problems. However, Fitzgerald scholar Matthew J. Bruccoli contends that Fitzgerald did in fact have recurring tuberculosis, and Nancy Milford reports that Fitzgerald biographer Arthur Mizener said that Scott suffered a mild attack of tuberculosis in 1919, and in 1929 he had "what proved to be a tubercular hemorrhage". It has been said that the hemorrhage was caused by bleeding from esophagealBibliographyFor a complete list of works, see F. Scott Fitzgerald bibliography [edit] Novels∙This Side of Paradise (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1920) ∙The Beautiful and Damned (New York: Scribners, 1922)∙The Great Gatsby (New York: Scribners, 1925)∙Tender Is the Night (New York: Scribners, 1934)∙The Last Tycoon– originally The Love of the Last Tycoon– (New York: Scribners, published posthumously, 1941)[edit] Short story collections∙Flappers and Philosophers (New York: Scribners, 1921)∙Tales of the Jazz Age (New York: Scribners, 1922)∙All the Sad Young Men (New York: Scribners, 1926)∙Taps at Reveille (New York: Scribners, 1935)∙Afternoon of an Author (New York: Scribners, 1957)∙Babylon Revisited and Other Stories (New York: Scribners, 1960) ∙The Pat Hobby Stories (New York: Scribners, 1962)∙The Basil and Josephine Stories (New York: Scribners, 1973)∙The Price Was High: Fifty Uncollected Stories(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979)∙The Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald(New York: Scribners, 1989)[edit] Notable short stories∙"Bernice Bobs Her Hair" (1920)∙"Head and Shoulders" (1920)∙"The Ice Palace" (1920)∙"The Offshore Pirate" (1920)∙"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" (1921)∙"The Diamond as Big as the Ritz" (1922)∙"Winter Dreams" (1922)∙"The Baby Party" (1925)∙"The Freshest Boy" (1928)∙"The Bridal Party" (1930)∙"A New Leaf" (1931)∙"Babylon Revisited" (1931)∙"Crazy Sunday" (1932)。