Chemical Pulping
造纸词汇缩写
……………………………………………造纸词汇缩写APP Alkali peroxide pulp 碱性过氧化氢纸浆BCTMP Bleached chemi-thermomechanical pulp 漂白化学热磨机械浆CMP Chemi-mechanical pulp 化学机械浆CTMP Chemi-thermomechanical pulp 化学热磨机械浆DIP Deinked pulp 脱墨废纸浆DKP Deinked kraft pulp 脱墨牛皮废纸浆DLK Double – line clippings 双边切边浆FBB Folding boxboard 折叠纸盒纸板FBK Fully-bleached kraft 全漂牛皮纸浆HW Hardwood 硬木（阔叶木）ISO International Standards Organisation 国际标准组织MF Machine finished 纸机整饰MG Machine glazed 纸机光泽MOW Mixed office waste 混合办公废纸NSSC Neutral sulfite semi-chemical pulping 中性亚硫酸盐半化学制浆OCC Old corrugated containers 旧瓦楞纸箱（旧包装纸箱）OMG Old magazine 旧杂志ONP Old newspaper 旧报纸PE Polyethylene 聚乙烯PGW Pressurized groundwood 压力磨木浆RMP Refiner mechanical pulp 木片磨木桨SBB Solid bleached board 单一漂白木桨纸板SBK Solid bleached Kraft 单一漂白牛皮桨纸板SGW Stone groundwood 磨石磨木桨SUB Solid unbleached board 单一未漂桨纸板SW Softwood 软木（针叶木）TMP Thermomechanical pulp 热磨机械桨UBB Unbleached board 未漂纸板UBK Unbleached kraft 未漂牛皮桨WLC White-line chipboard 漂白挂面粗纸板Sack kraft: 牛皮纸袋纸由硫酸盐桨生产的纸，绝大多数是未漂的，也可用回收的OCC及DLK生产。
造纸工艺四个流程
造纸工艺四个流程The art of papermaking is a captivating journey, transforming humble raw materials into the versatile medium that underpins our communication, creativity, and record-keeping. It's a process that has evolved over centuries, blending ancient techniques with modern innovations. Let's delve into the four fundamental stages of this remarkable transformation. The first stage, pulping, is where the magic begins. Imagine a swirling vortex of fibers, extracted from wood, bamboo, or recycled paper. These fibers, the very essence of paper, are liberated from their rigid structures through mechanical or chemical means. Mechanical pulping, a brute force approach, grinds wood into a fibrous slurry, while chemical pulping employsa more refined approach, dissolving lignin, the glue-like substance that binds wood fibers, leaving behind pure cellulose. The resulting pulp, a milky suspension, holds the promise of countless sheets of paper. Next comes the stage of preparation, where the pulp undergoes a metamorphosis, tailored to its intended purpose. Picture a carefully orchestrated ballet of additives, each playing a crucial role in shaping the final product. Fillers, like clay or calcium carbonate, are introduced to enhance opacity and smoothness. Sizing agents, such as starch or rosin, impart water resistance, preventing ink from feathering and bleeding. Pigments, the artists of the paper world, infuse the pulp with color, transforming it from a blank canvas into a vibrant palette. This meticulous preparation ensures that the paper meets the demands of its intended application, whether it's a delicate watercolor sheet or a sturdy cardboard box. With the pulp primed and ready, the stage is set for the heart of the papermaking process: sheet formation. Imagine a continuous flow of pulp, cascading onto a moving wire mesh, like a waterfall meeting a delicate sieve. As water drains away, the fibers intertwine, forming a fragile web, the nascent sheet of paper. This intricate dance of water and fiber is a marvel of physics and engineering, a testament to human ingenuity. The sheet, still damp and delicate, embarks on a journey through a series of rollers, where it is pressed, smoothed, and compacted, gaining strength and resilience. Finally, the culmination of this transformative journey, the drying stage, imbues the paper with its final character. Imagine a gentle warmth enveloping the moist sheet, coaxing away the remaining moisture. The paper, now acohesive entity, glides through a labyrinth of heated rollers, emerging as a smooth, dry surface, ready to receive the imprint of words, images, and ideas.This final touch, the culmination of meticulous preparation and skillful execution, completes the metamorphosis, transforming a humble slurry of fibers into the versatile medium we know as paper. The four stages of papermaking, pulping, preparation, sheet formation, and drying, are a testament to human ingenuity and our enduring fascination with transforming raw materials into objects of utility and beauty. Each stage, a delicate dance of physics, chemistry, and engineering, contributes to the creation of a material that has shaped civilizations, fueled creativity, and preserved knowledge for millennia. As we hold a sheet of paper, we hold a piece of history, a testament to the enduring power of human innovation.。
化学法制浆流程
化学法制浆流程The chemical pulping process, also known as the Kraft process, is an important method for turning wood into pulp for paper production. This process involves several key steps, including wood preparation, cooking, washing, bleaching, and recovery. 化学制浆工艺也被称为Kraft工艺，是将木材制成纸浆的重要方法。
这个过程包括木材准备、烹饪、洗涤、漂白和回收等几个关键步骤。
One of the first steps in the chemical pulping process is wood preparation, which involves debarking the wood and chipping it into small pieces. These wood chips are then mixed with a mixture of chemicals and water to form what is known as "white liquor." 化学制浆过程中的一个最初步骤是木材的准备，包括去皮和将木材切割成小块。
然后将这些木屑与化学品和水混合在一起，形成所谓的“白液”。
Next, the wood chips are cooked in a large vessel known as a digester. During this process, the white liquor breaks down the lignin in the wood, separating the cellulose fibers and other components to create a slurry of pulp. 接下来，木屑在被称为蒸化器的大容器中进行烹饪。
纸业专业英语词汇翻译(S2)
纸业专业英语词汇翻译(S2)纸业专业英语词汇翻译(S2)纸业专业英语词汇翻译(S2)spark recording paper 电火花记录纸special book paper 盲人书籍纸special impregnating paper 胶膜纸specialty paper 特种纸spinning paper 纸绳纸split color paper 单一颜色纸张sponge paper 海绵状纸spool parchment paper 红羊皮纸spot carbonized paper 局部炭粉涂布纸spot crown paper 饮用麦管用纸square paper 方格纸square rule paper 方格纸stabilization process paper 稳定处理照相纸stabilized paper 调湿纸stained paper 压光机染色的纸张stamp paper 邮票纸stamped paper 印花票用纸standard cover paper 标准封面纸starch paper 淀粉试纸stay paper 箱角补强纸steel engraver's paper 钢凹版印刷纸steel engraving paper 钢凹版印纸刷steel plate paper 板压光泽纸stencil paper 誊写蜡纸stenotype paper 速记打字用纸stereo (type) paper 铅字铸模纸sterilisable paper 杀菌纸sticky fly paper 灭绳纸stratified paper 层压纸straw paper 草浆纸stretchable paper 伸性纸strip chart paper 刻度记录纸带strip film paper 醋酸纤维素涂布感光纸styrene paper 聚苯乙烯合成纸sugar paper 包糖纸sulfate paper 牛皮纸sulfite paper 亚硫酸盐浆袋纸sulphate paper 牛皮纸sulphite paper 亚硫酸盐浆纸supercalendered paper 超级压光处理的纸张supplement paper 增刊用纸；附页用纸surface coated paper 表面涂布纸；表面涂料纸surface sized paper 表面施胶纸surfaced paper 光泽纸surgicak dressubg paper 外科医疗用纸，外科绷带synthetic paper 合成纸synthetic fiber paper 合杨纤维纸salt removal process 碱回收脱盐法sappi process sappi氧气漂白sca-billerud process sca-billerud亚硫酸钠废液回收法self-regulating process 自动调节过程semi-chemical process 半化学浆制造法simon-cusi process simon-cusi蔗渣制浆法sivola process sivola两级蒸煮soda process 烧碱法（制浆），苏打法（制浆）soda-anthraquinone process 蒽醌烧碱法制浆soda-aq process 蒽醌烧碱法制浆solvay process solvay甲醇法制备二氧化氯sonoco sulfite recovery process sonoco（亚硫酸盐废液）铝酸钠回收法sprout-waldron process s.w.冷碱法制浆steam stripping process 汽提法（除臭）stone process 磨石磨木浆法stora process stora两级蒸煮stora-brite process s.b.亚硫酸钠半化学浆的制备sulfate process 硫酸盐法（制浆）sulfite process 亚硫酸盐法（制浆）sulfite recycle process （亚硫酸钠废液）硫化物循环回收法sveen (glue) process 纤维飘浮回收法semichemical pulping 半化学浆法制浆sivola pulping sivola法两级蒸煮soda pulping 烧碱法制浆，苏打法制浆soda additive pulping 带添加剂烧碱法制浆soda-anthraquinone pulping 蒽醌苏打法制浆soda-aq pulping 蒽醌烧碱法制浆soda-oxygen pulping 氧碱法制浆sodium base bisulfite pulping 亚硫酸钠法制浆solvent pulping 溶剂法制浆stora pulping stora两级蒸煮sulfate pulping 硫酸盐法制浆sulfite pulping 亚硫酸盐法制浆sawdust pulp 木屑浆，锯末浆sereened pulp 筛后浆料semi-bleached pulp 半漂浆semi-chemical pulp 半化学浆semi neutral pulp 中性盐半化学浆sheet pulp 浆板shiny pulp 粘状浆short fibered pulp 短纤维浆sisal pulp 波罗麻浆，西沙罗麻浆slime pulp 腐浆slow (draining) pulp 粘状浆slurry pulp 纸浆悬浮液slush pulp 液体浆soda pulp 浇碱法纸浆，苏打浆soda-anthraquinone pulp 蒽醌烧碱法纸浆soda-aq pulp 蒽醌烧碱法纸浆soda-chlorine pulp 碱氯法纸浆soft pulp 软浆softwood pulp 针叶木浆spoelalty pulp 特种浆spinning pulp 人造丝浆steamed pulp 褐色磨木浆strained pulp 筛后浆料straw pulp 草浆strong pulp 高强度纸浆sulfate pulp 硫酸盐浆sulfite pulp 亚硫酸盐浆synthetic pulp 合成浆sabai grass 印度草saccharic acid 糖（二）酸saccharide 糖类saccharification 糖化作用，糖化水解saccharin(e) 糖精saccharinic acid 变糖酸，糖精酸saccharolytic 变糖的saccharose 蔗糖saddle （打浆的）山墙safe load 安全负荷safety belt 安全带safety cock 安全阀safety code 安全规程safety engineering 技术保安safety equipment 安全设备safety factor 安全系数safety measures 安全措施safety paper base stock 安全纸原纸safety regulations 安全规则，安全规章，安全制度safety rules 安全规则safety sereen 防护屏障safety stripe 安全带safety technique 安全技术safety valve 安全阀sal soda 十分（含）碳酸钠sales book manila 帐薄用马尼拉纸salinity 盐浓度，含盐量salle 精选工段，选纸工段sallon-tree (salix) 柳属salt cake 芒硝salt cake makeup 补充芒硝salt cake rotary screen 芒硝回转筛salt wash 盐（水）洗（涤）salt water 盐水salting out tank 脱盐槽saltpeter 硝石，钾硝，硝酸钾salvage 废旧，回收的salvage of waste paper 废纸回收sammeld ruck 套色印刷sample 试样，样品；取样sample card 样本卡片sample card bristol 样本卡纸sample cup 取样量杯sample plot （植林试验）标准地sample preparation 样品制备sample sheet 纸样sampler 取样器sampling cock 取样旋塞，取样阀sampling well 取样井sand bed 砂层；（过滤池）砂床sand blower 喷砂嘴sand cateher 捕砂器sand filter 砂滤器，沙滤池sand jet blower 喷砂嘴sand papering machine 砂纸加工机sand-pine (pinus clausa sargeut.) 沙松separator 捕砂器；捕砂沟separator-stone 磨石separator table 沉砂盘，除砂盘separator trap 沉砂盘，除砂盘separator well （打浆机）除砂沟sanders 砂纸sanitary dishes （卫生）纸盘sanitary napkin 妇女卫生纸sap 汁液；树汁sap peeling 割树汁；割树脂sapling 幼树saponifiable 可皂化的saponification 皂化（作用）saponification number 皂化值saponifier 皂化剂saponify 皂化saponifying agent 皂化剂saponin 皂角甙sapwood 边材sassafra (sassafras) 檫树属sassafras (sassafras officinale nees et eberm.) 美洲檫树satin cap 缎面装饰单面光包装纸satin finish 施釉；光泽装饰satin white 缎白saturate 饱和saturated 饱和的saturated steam 饱和蒸汽saturating felt 油毡纸saturating machine 浸渍性能saturating properties 浸渍性能saturating test 浸渍试验saturation 饱和度saturation bonding 浸渍结合saturation properties 饱和性质saturation value 饱和值saveall 白水回收装置，白水回收机savalla saveall savalla飘浮白水回收装置scraper saveall 刮板式白水回收机sedimentation (type) saveall 沉降式纤维回收机sveen pederson (flotation) saveall s.p.飘浮式纤维回收机saveall box 白水槽saveall pan 白水盘saveall tray 白水盘saw 锯saw blade 锯条，锯片saw-log 制材用原木saw lumber 成材，制材，锯材saw mill 制材厂saw mill refuse 制材厂废屑，制材厂废料saw mill refuse chipper 板皮削片机saw mill residue 制材厂废料，板皮saw mill waste 制材厂废料；废材saw sharpener 圆锯磨刀机saw teeth 锯齿saw wed 锯片sawdust 锯末sawer 锯木工sawing 锯木sawing machine 锯床sawn tree 成材seab （压光）浆块斑点（纸病）sca-billerud process sca-billeruc高温热解法回收scaffold bridge 踏板scalding water 热水，烫水scale 秤；比例尺；刻度；尺度；规模；结垢scale off 片落，鳞落scaling 结垢scan standard 北欧标准，scan标准scanning 扫描scanning beam 扫描射束scanning electronic microscope 扫描电子显微镜scanning period 扫描周期scanning sensor 扫描头，扫描传感器scarification 割树皮scariform perforation plate 梯状多孔板scattering 散射scattering coefficient 散射系数schamotte brick 粘土质耐火砖schedule 程序scheduling 编制程序；编目录scheid tester scheid平滑度测定仪schibbye fractionator schibbye纤维分离器schiff's reagent （检验醛类）schiff试剂schopper folding tester sxhopper耐折度测定仪schopper-riegler beating degree tester 肖伯尔打浆度（测定）仪，s.r.打浆度仪schopper-riegler freeness s.r.游离度schopper-riegler freeness tester s.r.游离度测定仪schopper torsion meter schopper扭力仪schulz stain （鉴定磨木浆用）schuz染色剂schweitzer's reagent schweitzer铜氨溶液试剂sclerenchyma 厚壁组织sclerenchyma fiber 厚壁纤维sclerenchymatous cell 厚壁细胞scleroid cell 厚壁细胞sclerometer 硬度计sclerotic cell 石细胞scoop 勺，提浆勺scoop wheel 提浆翻斗score 划线score bond 记分册用厚纸score break 断痕score cut 纵切score cutter 压切式纵切刀score type slitter 压切式纵切机scoreability 折曲性能scored 折叠的scoreline 折曲线scorer 折叠机；划线机scoring 折曲；折叠；抓痕（纸病）scotch pine (pinus sylvestris l.) 欧洲赤松scotehban 氟碳与铬络合胶（3mco.产品，商业名称）scoot bond 高级证券纸scoot former scott真空圆网成形装置scour 消除；洗刷，洗涤scouring 净化，提纯；冲洗；（毛毯）脱脂scouring water 洗涤水；污水scrap 碎屑，残渣scrap board 钢笔画用纸板scrap iron 废铁scraper 刮板scraper conveyer 刮板运输机scraper drainer 刮板脱水机scraper knife 刮刀scratch 刮痕scratch board 钢笔画用纸板screen 筛；屏障；网状干毯screen analysis 筛分析screen angle （涂布机）网部倾斜度screen classification 筛分析screen cut 筛缝screen cylinder 筛鼓screen fractionation 筛分（作用）screen plate 筛板screen printing 网目印刷screen room 筛选工段screen room foreeman 筛选工长纸业专业英语词汇翻译(S2) 相关内容:。
制浆造纸工艺简述
生物法制浆
以微生物或其制品（酶）对木片进行预处理，然后用机械
法或化学机械法制浆。
生物处理的目的：有选择性地分解（降解）原料中的木 素，尽可能减少碳水化合物的损失。从而降低磨浆能耗， 减轻废水污染，提高纸浆强度。 主要采用：白腐菌、漆酶等（研究阶段）
造纸（papermaking）
造纸就是将制得的纸浆分散开来后获得交织均匀的薄 片。
反应，生成木素磺酸，木素 磺酸与溶液中的盐基结合， 生成木素磺酸盐，从木片中 溶解出来。
化学法制浆中纤维素的分解
1、碳水化合物的降解反应：剥皮反应 ，100°C以上开始；碱性水解， 150°C以上开始
化学法制浆
化学浆的特点：
这种方法制得的纸浆大致保留了纤维的天然长度，
去除了大部分木素，能用来生产强度高、柔软的高档 纸；
施胶(Sizing)
疏水性表面
加填(Fill)
加填 向纸浆中加入适当的无机填料，以改善纸页的光学性能( 不透明)、印刷性能(表面光滑、均匀、吸墨性好)，降低 成本，加入量在2—40%。 常用的填料： 滑石粉(成分:MgO 30.6%, SiO2 62%, 白度96.8% 瓷土(成分:Al2O3 39%, SiO2 45%,白度82%） CaCO3 TiO2 BaSO4
蒸煮条件的确定
在100°C以前，蒸煮液浓度有所下降，但木素基本没 有溶出，此阶段碱液向原料内部浸透，主要溶解的物 质是原料的淀粉、果胶、脂肪、树脂及低分子量的半 纤维素。 初始脱木素阶段：100~150°C这一升温阶段，蒸煮 液浓度继续下降，但木素溶出仅26.6%（对原木素） 。 大量脱木素阶段：150~175°C（最高温度），木素 溶出63.2%（对原木素），此时，木片已分散成浆。 残余木素脱除阶段：碱液浓度继续下降，但木素溶出 只有8%（对原木素），这一阶段碳水化合物降解较多 。
简述现代制浆造纸工艺流程
简述现代制浆造纸工艺流程英文回答：Modern pulp and papermaking processes involve several stages, including pulp preparation, paper formation, and paper finishing. Let me walk you through the process step by step.1. Pulp Preparation:The first step in the process is preparing the pulp, which involves breaking down the raw materials into fibers. There are two main methods for pulp preparation: mechanical pulping and chemical pulping.In mechanical pulping, the raw materials, such as wood chips or recycled paper, are mechanically ground and refined to separate the fibers. This process is often used for producing newsprint or packaging paper.Chemical pulping, on the other hand, involves treating the raw materials with chemicals to dissolve the lignin and separate the fibers. There are two common types of chemical pulping: kraft pulping and sulfite pulping. Kraft pulpingis widely used due to its high yield and strong fibers, while sulfite pulping is suitable for producing specialty papers.2. Paper Formation:Once the pulp is prepared, it is ready for paper formation. The pulp is diluted with water and mixed with additives, such as fillers, sizing agents, and dyes, to enhance the paper's properties.The diluted pulp is then fed onto a paper machine, which consists of a headbox, wire section, press section, and drying section. In the headbox, the pulp is evenly distributed onto a moving wire mesh, forming a thin layer of fibers. The water is drained through the wire mesh, leaving behind a wet sheet of paper.Next, the wet sheet passes through the press section, where pressure is applied to remove more water and consolidate the fibers. Finally, the paper enters the drying section, where it is heated and dried using steam-heated cylinders or hot air.3. Paper Finishing:After the paper is dried, it goes through various finishing processes to improve its quality and appearance. These processes include calendering, coating, and cutting.Calendering involves passing the paper through a set of rollers to smoothen the surface and improve its gloss and printability. Coating can be applied to enhance the paper's properties, such as brightness, smoothness, or water resistance. Finally, the paper is cut into sheets or rolls of desired sizes.中文回答：现代制浆造纸工艺流程包括制浆准备、纸张成型和纸张加工等几个阶段。
造纸术英语作文
造纸术英语作文Papermaking is an ancient technique that has played a significant role in the development of human civilization. It involves the transformation of plant fibers into a thin and flexible material used for writing, printing, and packaging. The process of papermaking can be divided into several stages: preparation of the raw materials, pulping, sheet formation, pressing, drying, and finishing.To start with, the raw materials for papermaking are primarily derived from plants. Historically, various plants such as bamboo, mulberry, and hemp were used. Nowadays, the most common source of raw material is wood pulp obtained from trees. The raw materials are first sorted, cleaned, and then reduced to small pieces to facilitate the subsequent pulping process.The pulping process aims to separate the fibers from the raw materials. There are two main methods of pulping: mechanical pulping and chemical pulping. Mechanical pulping involves grinding the raw materials to mechanically separate the fibers. On the other hand, chemical pulping involves treating the raw materials with chemicals todissolve the unwanted components and retain the fibers. The most widely used chemical pulping method is the Kraft process, which utilizes a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide.Once the fibers are separated, they are mixed with water to form a slurry called pulp. The pulp is then poured ontoa wire mesh screen, and the water drains away, leaving behind a thin layer of fibers. This process is known as sheet formation. The fibers in the sheet are then pressedto remove excess water and improve the density of the paper. This is typically done using heavy rollers.After pressing, the paper is dried to remove the remaining water. There are different methods of drying, including air drying, where the paper is left to dry naturally, and machine drying, where heat is applied to speed up the drying process. Once the paper is dry, it undergoes various finishing treatments to improve its quality. These treatments may include sizing, coating, calendering, and cutting.Papermaking has had a profound impact on human civilization. It has allowed for the dissemination ofknowledge through the production of books, newspapers, and other printed materials. It has also played a crucial rolein the development of bureaucracy, enabling the recording and storage of information. Additionally, paper has been used for packaging, packaging materials, and various other applications.造纸术是一种古老的技术，在人类文明的发展中起着重要作用。
造纸术工艺流程英文英语
造纸术工艺流程英文英语Papermaking Process.Papermaking is a complex and fascinating process that transforms raw materials into the versatile material we use in countless applications. Here is an overview of the key steps involved in papermaking:1. Raw Material Preparation.The primary raw materials for papermaking are cellulose fibers, which are found in plants such as trees, cotton, and bamboo. The process begins with preparing these raw materials for pulping.Trees: Trees are harvested and debarked, and the wood chips are then processed to remove impurities and lignin, a complex organic substance that binds the fibers together.Cotton: Cotton fibers are extracted from cotton bollsthrough a process known as ginning. The fibers are then cleaned and processed to remove impurities.Bamboo: Bamboo culms are harvested, chopped, and pulped to extract the cellulose fibers.2. Pulping.Pulping involves breaking down the raw materials into individual cellulose fibers. There are two primary pulping methods:Mechanical Pulping: This method uses mechanical force to grind or crush the raw materials into fibers. Mechanical pulps are typically used to produce lower-grade papers with a higher proportion of short fibers.Chemical Pulping: This method uses chemical solutions to dissolve lignin and other non-cellulose components, leaving behind pure cellulose fibers. Chemical pulps are used to produce higher-grade papers with a higher proportion of long fibers.3. Screening and Cleaning.After pulping, the pulp is screened and cleaned to remove any remaining impurities, such as bark, knots, and dirt. This step ensures a clean and consistent pulp for the next stage.4. Bleaching.Bleaching is an optional step that involves treating the pulp with chemicals to remove color and impurities. Bleaching produces a brighter and whiter pulp, which is essential for certain types of papers, such as printing and writing papers.5. Stock Preparation.Stock preparation involves preparing the pulp for sheet formation. Additives, such as sizing agents, fillers, and dyes, may be added to the pulp at this stage to enhance the properties of the paper.6. Sheet Formation.Sheet formation is the process of forming the wet paper sheet. The pulp is diluted with water and fed onto a wire mesh conveyor belt called a Fourdrinier machine. As the water drains through the mesh, the cellulose fibers intertwine and form a continuous sheet.7. Pressing.The wet paper sheet is then pressed between rollers to remove excess water and compact the fibers. Pressing increases the paper's strength and density.8. Drying.The paper sheet is passed through a series of heated rollers to remove the remaining moisture. Drying is a critical step that determines the paper's final properties, such as moisture content, strength, and smoothness.9. Finishing.After drying, the paper may undergo additionalfinishing processes, such as:Coating: A thin layer of coating may be applied to the paper表面 to enhance its smoothness, gloss, and printability.Calendering: The paper is passed through heated rollers to smooth the surface and improve its appearance.10. Cutting and Packaging.The finished paper is cut into sheets or rolls and packaged for distribution.Environmental Considerations.Papermaking has environmental implications due to the use of resources such as trees and water. Sustainable forestry practices and responsible water management areessential to minimize the environmental impact. Additionally, recycling paper significantly reduces the demand for virgin raw materials and helps conserve resources.。
介绍纸的英语作文
介绍纸的英语作文Introduction to Paper。
Paper is a material that we use in our daily lives, but have you ever wondered about its history, production process, and different types? In this article, we will explore the world of paper and learn more about this versatile material.History of Paper。
The invention of paper is attributed to the ancient Chinese, who made it from mulberry bark and other plant fibers around 105 AD. However, it was not until the 8th century that papermaking spread to the Arab world and then to Europe in the 12th century. Before the invention of paper, people used materials such as papyrus, silk, and animal skins to write on.Paper Production Process。
The production of paper involves several steps, including:1. Raw material preparation: The raw materials used in papermaking include wood pulp, recycled paper, and other plant fibers. The raw materials are first sorted, cleaned, and processed to remove impurities.2. Pulping: The raw materials are then turned into pulp through a chemical or mechanical process. Chemical pulping involves cooking the raw materials with chemicals to break down the fibers, while mechanical pulping involves grinding the raw materials into pulp.3. Bleaching: The pulp is then bleached to remove any remaining impurities and to make it whiter.4. Papermaking: The pulp is then mixed with water and other additives, such as fillers and sizing agents, to create a slurry. The slurry is then spread onto a wire mesh and pressed to remove excess water. The paper is then driedand rolled into large rolls.Types of Paper。
化学制浆介绍
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------第一节化学法制浆的分类与基本概念一. 化学法制浆（Chemical Pulping）的分类1.碱法（Alkaline Pulping）：烧碱法、硫酸盐法、（其它药剂为碱性的制浆方法）2. 亚硫酸盐法（Sulphite Pulping）：酸性亚硫酸氢盐法、亚硫酸氢盐法、微酸性亚硫酸盐法、中性亚硫酸盐法、碱性亚硫酸盐法二 . 碱法制浆流程示意图三 . 亚硫酸盐法制浆流程示意图：四 . 蒸煮液的组成：五. 碱法制浆常用专业术语：第二节蒸煮原理一、蒸煮液对原料片的浸透作用主要表现在两个方面：毛细管作用和扩散作用1.毛细管作用：主要靠外加的压力和表面张力产生的压力作用浸透，通过导管-、管胞、纤维的胞腔进行。
影响因素：纹孔的多少及其大小、原料品种、边材与心材（毛细管浸透速率与毛细管半径的四次方成正比）水分含量（适宜于较干的原料片，但需排除原料毛细管内的空气）压力差（毛细管浸透速率与压力差成正比）无论碱性或酸性蒸煮液，纤维轴向的毛细管作用总是大于横向的毛细管作用（约50~200倍，）2. 扩散作用：主要靠药液浓度差造成的离子浓度梯度的推动力使蒸煮液中的离子扩散浸透入原料切片内部，通过导管、管胞、纤维的胞腔和细胞壁进行。
影响因素：原料密度、水分含量（适宜于水分饱和的原料片）蒸煮液组成（影响大，扩散作用主要取决于有效毛细管截积）当蒸煮液pH>13时，纤维轴向的扩散作用与横向的扩散作用比较接近，约为1 ：0.8(润胀作用的效果）当蒸煮液pH<13时，纤维轴向的扩散作用比横向的扩散作用大得多。
使浸透作用顺利的重要前提：药液与原料片的均匀混合二、蒸煮过程中的脱木素（Delignification)和碳水化合物降解(Carbohydrate Decomposition)脱木素作用导致：1. 木素结构单元之间联结键断裂木素大分子降解2. 木素分子内引进亲液基团提高溶解性总的结果：木素脱除，纤维分离成浆纤维素与半纤维素降解作用导致：糖基之间的苷键断裂大分子聚合度降低纸浆得率与强度降低三、蒸煮过程脱木素局部化学的研究研究蒸煮过程纤维细胞中木素的脱除顺序，有助于进行蒸煮过程的脱木素反应历程和动力学研究，对制定正确的蒸煮工艺条件有指导意义。
材料科学专业英语词汇（S1）_材料专业英语词汇
s-n curvess-n 曲线saccharin 糖精sacrificial anodes 牺牲阳电极sacrificial red 祭红saddle 鞍座(陶)safety glass 安全玻璃safflower oil 红花子油saggar 匣钵sagging 下垂sago starch 西米淀粉sags 表膜不匀sails 帆salicylaldehyde hydrazone 柳醛? salicylanilide 柳醛苯胺saligenin 水杨醇salt bridge 盐效应salt cake 盐饼salt effect 无盐聚电解salt glaze 盐岫salt rejection 盐挡阻salt solutions 盐溶液saltfree polyelectrolyte solutions 质溶夜saltlike complexes 盐状复体saltpeter 硝石sampling 取样sampling probe function 取样探测功能sand 砂sand cloth 砂布sand filter 砂砾过滤器sand grinder 砂磨sand paper 砂纸sand seal 砂封sand-faced 砂面的sand-lime brick 砂灰砖sand-stone 砂石sanding 铺砂磨sanding disc 金刚砂研磨盘sandpaper 砂纸sandwich cells 夹层电池sandwich complex 夹层复体sandwich construction 夹层建筑sandwich panels 夹层仪表板sang de boeuf 宝石红sanitary earthenware 卫生陶器sanitary landfills 卫生填土santicizers 消毒剂saponification numbers 皂化值saponified acetate process 皂化醋纤法saponified acetate rayon 皂化醋纤嫘萦saponified poly 皂化聚醋酸乙烯sapphire 蓝宝石sapwood 边材saran 赛冉sarcosine 靛蓝 = 磺酸sarfish-type initiators 星鱼型引发剂satin glaze 缎光釉satin white 缎光白sato etching 佐藤蚀刻saturated calomel electrode 饱和甘汞电极saturated hydrocarbon polymers 饱聚体saturation coefficient 饱和系数saturation curve 饱和曲线saturn space vehicle 土星太空舱saucer pit defect 碟状坑缺陷sausage model 烧瓶型saw mark 锯痕saw wire 线锯钢线sawdust 锯屑scab 疤scale 垢(玻)scale wax 鳞状腊，块蜡scaling 片落scan bus method 扫描汇流排法scan path method 扫描路径法scan path test 扫描路径试验scaning electron microscopy 扫描电子显微镜scanned beam current 扫描波束电流scanning acoustic tomograph 超音波断层扫描摄影装置scanning auger electron microscope 扫描型奥格电子显微镜scanning electron microscope 扫描型电子显微镜scanning function 扫描功能scanning projection aligner 扫描型投影对准曝光器scanning transmission electron microscope 扫描透射型电子显微镜scanning tunneling microscopy 扫描隧道型显微镜学scarfjoint 嵌接scattering 散射scattering factor 散射引数scattering loss 散射损失scavenger 清扫机schematic editor 简图编辑器schiff bases 希夫咸schlieren optical system 暗线照像光学系统schreiner calendering 施赖讷压光scintillation 闪烁scintillation counters 闪烁计数机scission 切开scission yields 切开产率scorch time 焦化时间scotch kiln 苏格兰窑scotching 捣打scouring 洗涤scrap 残余物scrap rubber 废橡皮scraping 刮scrapings 刮料scraps 废坯scratch 刮线scratch tests 画痕试验screen 筛screen analysis 筛析screen pack 网包screen printing 网板印染screen printing inks 网板印染油墨screenback hardboard 单面光硬板screening 筛选screening agents 掩蔽剂screening tests 筛分试验screw closures 螺旋盖头screw extrusion 螺杆挤压screw injection-molding machine 螺杆射出模制机screw plasticating injection molding 螺杆塑炼射出模制screw plasticators 螺杆塑炼机screw preplasticators 螺杆预塑机screw press 螺旋压机screw-plunger perplastication system 螺杆活塞预塑系统screwless extruders 无螺杆挤压机screws 螺杆scribing 划片，划割，划线scroop 挤丝机scrubbing 洗气sculpture 雕刻sculpture techniques 雕刻技巧scum 浮霜(陶)；浮沫(玻)scumming 乏光(搪)scurf 碳积sea of gate 标准闸门电子组件sea plants 海生植物sea-water magnesia 海水苦土seal 封sealant 封闭剂sealant-grade polysulfide polymers 封闭级多硫化物聚体sealed glass tubes 封闭玻璃管sealers 涂封物sealing 密封sealing glass 熔封玻璃seals 封印seals, cryogenic 低温封印seam 缝seamless flooring 无缝地板铺设search level 搜抹速度search speed 焊接工具保持部下降量，搭接深度season cracking 季候缝裂seasoning 风乾处理seat 座seaweed gums 海藻胶sebacic acid 皮脂酸sebacic acid derivatives 皮脂酸衍sebacic acid esters 皮脂酸酯secco etching 射哥蚀刻second bond off 第二接合点剥离second bonding 第二接合，第二压接second moment 次级偶甩second virial coefficient 第二展向系数second-order fluids 二级流体second-order termination 二级终止second-order transition 二级转变second-surface decorating 亮件背面装饰secondary acetate 仲醋纤secondary air 辅空气；二次空气secondary amines 仲胺secondary antioxidants 副抗氧化剂secondary cellulose acetate 仲醋纤secondary charge effect 二次充电效应secondary crusher 二次辊碎机secondary crystallization 二级晶化secondary electron emission 次生电发射secondary electron image survey function 二次电子影像观测功能secondary emulsifiers 次级乳化剂secondary ion mass spectroscopy 二次离子质谱学secondary mechanical relaxations 二次机械松弛secondary plasticizers 辅助塑化剂secondary structure 际会构架sectioning 割截sedimentary claysecondary clay sedimentation 沈积sedimentation coefficient 沈积系数sedimentation coefficient distribution 沈积系数分布sedimentation equilibrium 沈积平衡sedimentation velocity 沈积速率sedimentation-velocity 沈积速度法see saw type wire saw 交互转换式线锯seed chuck 籽晶夹头seed crystal 籽晶seed cut 种子棒切割seed fibers 种籽纤维seed flax 亚麻种籽seed lift rate 籽晶升降速率seed lift travel 籽晶升降行程seed rotation rate 籽晶旋转速率seed shaft 籽晶轴seeding 播种seedlac 粗虫胶seedmeal glues 籽肉胶seedmeal proteins 籽肉蛋白质segment anisotropies 段间向异性segment fraction of polymer 聚体片段segment-interaction parameters 段间互应变根segmental friction factors 段间磨擦因素segmental jump concept 段间跳跃概念segmented polyurethanes 段间聚胺酯segregation 偏析segregation of noncrystallizable impurities 不结晶什质的分离selection of materials 物料选择selective deposition 选择淀积selective precipitation 选择沈淀selectivity 选择性selectivity coefficient 选择系数selenium polymers 晒化物聚体selevtive elution 选择洗提self bias 自给偏压self diagnostic function 自我诊断功能self-aligned contact etching 自我对准接解孔蚀刻self-extinguishing 自行熄灭self-extinguishing property 自熄特性self-ignition temperature 自燃温度self-nucleating technique 自核技巧self-organization 自引组合self-potting tubing 自熔制管semi full cutting 半全切割semi-conducting glaze 半导性釉semi-conductor 半导体semi-continuous kiln 半连续窑semi-porcelain 半瓷semi-silica refractory 半矽质耐火物semi-vitreous 半瓷化；半玻化semiautomatic controls 半自动控制semiautomatic molds 半自动模semibleached pulp 半漂白纸浆semicarbazide 氨基semichemical pulp 半化学纸浆semichermical pulping 半化学纸浆法semiconducting jacket 半导包套semiconduction 半导性semiconductive polymers 半导聚体semiconductor bonding wafer 半导体接合晶圆semiconductor devices 半导体设备semiconductors 半导体semiconduting properties 半导特性semicrystalline polymers 半晶聚体semicustom ic 客户半定制ic semidurable fire-retardant finish 半永久性防火尾工semigloss paints 半有光油漆semigloss wall paints 半有光壁漆semimechanical pulping 半机械纸浆法semipermanent storage structures 半永久储存构架semipermeable membranes 半透膜semipositive molds 半溢式模semirigid cellular materials 半硬多孔物料semirigid cellular plastics 半硬多孔塑胶semitransparent materials 半透明物料sender 发送机sensitization 敏化sensitizers 敏化剂sentinel pyrometer 示温锭separan 赛派栏絮凝剂separate feeding 隔开输送separate-pot mold 分罐模separation by implantation of oxygen soi wafersimox soi 晶圆separation factor 分离因素sephadex chromatography 赛发呆移差术sepiolite 海泡石septaphosphate 七磷酸盐sequence 次序sequence control 次序控制sequence copolymers 定序共聚体sequence distribution 序列分配sequence, nonrandom 非随意序列sequence-length distribution 序列长度分配sequential damper 时序风门，时序排气器sequential pattern generator 序列图案产生器sericin 丝胶sericite 绢云母series-zone model 层域模式serine proteinases 丝氨酸蛋白质serpentine 蛇纹石serrated saddle 齿状垫座serum albumin 血清蛋白serving of cable 辫里sesquimethylolurea 倍半甲基set setting 定型，凝结set values 定型值seter 托架seting 装窑；凝结setting length of tool 压接头至超音波叭头之设定长度setting-up agent 釉稠调节剂setup boxes 装置匣sewage treatment 污水处理sewer brick 污[水]沟砖sewer pipe 污水管sewing 缝合sgraffito 刮花shadow wall 隔火墙shaft 炉颈shaft kiln 竖窑shale 页岩shale planer 开石机shallow pit defect 浅坑缺陷shape birefringence 气式双折射shape of beam 光束形状shape, cross-sectional 截面形状shaped articles 特型制品sharp fold surface 锐摺面sharpening 削尖shear 剪切shear creep 剪切蠕变shear degradation 剪切退解shear loading 剪切负荷shear modulus 剪切损失模数shear rate 剪切速率shear relaxation 剪切松弛shear storage modulus 剪切储存模数shear strain 剪应变shear strength 剪切强度shear stress 剪应力shear test 剪切试验shear waves 剪切波shear-cone preplasticator 剪锥预塑机shear-thickening materials 剪力增稠物料shear-thinning fluids 剪力减稠液shearing action 剪切作用shearing mode/failure mode 剪切模式/故障模式sheath 皮鞘sheath-and-core bicom-ponent fibers 鞘蕊双重纤维sheathing-siding 鞘边sheep stock 羊群sheepskins 羊皮纸sheet calendering 全张压延sheet casting 全张浇铸sheet extrusion 全张挤压sheet forming 全张成型sheet glass 平板玻璃sheet molding compounds 全张模制化物sheet polymers 成片聚体sheet rubber 成片橡胶sheeting 压片sheets 板片shelf aging 搁置老化shelf life 搁置寿命shellshelling shell flour 粉shell molding 箱模制shell moulding 壳模制造shellac 虫胶shellac modified 变性虫胶shellolic acids 脑酸shield 掩体shielding glass 屏遮玻璃(从原子能)shielding solvents 掩蔽溶剂shift factor 转移因素shikimic acid 草酸shock isolation 震荡隔离shock resistance 耐冲击性shoe applications 鞋靴用途shoe heels 鞋跟shoe parts 鞋靴零件shoe products 鞋靴产品shoe sloes 鞋底shoe-upper material 鞋面物料shore durometer 鞋靴硬度计shore hardness tester 萧氏硬度[试验]计short-fiber substrates 短纤维衬底short-oil alkyd resins 短油醇酸树脂short-term fracture 短期破断shorten material 减黏材料shortstops 急速中止shot 注射shot capacity 注射能力shoulder 肩部shoulder angle 过肩角shredding 撕裂shrend 水淬shrink mark 收缩记号shrinkage 收缩shrinkage volumetric 容量收缩shrinking stress 收缩应力shrinkproofing 防缩shut-off nozzles 停闭喷咀shutter 快门光闸shuttle kiln 梭动窑side arch 侧拱砖side chains 侧链side etching 侧面蚀刻side lap 侧搭side-by-side bicomponent fibers 并排双重纤维side-seam cements 边缝水泥siderite 菱铁矿sidewall protection layer 侧壁保护层siege 台座sieve 筛sigma-blade mixer 弓刀混合机标志sign off 签字保证sign off simulator 签字保证模拟器signal glass 号志玻璃signal strength 信号强度signs 标志silane diols 矽烷双醇silanemonols 矽烷单醇silanes 矽烷silanolates 矽烷醇衍silanols 矽烷醇silastic 矽橡胶silazane polymers 矽氮烷聚体silex 燧石silica 氧化矽，矽石silica and silicates 矽石及矽酸盐silica fabrics 矽石织物silica fibers 矽石纤维silica fireclay 矽石火黏土silica foam 矽石泡沫silica gel 矽凝胶silica glass 矽石玻璃silica glass membranes 矽石玻璃膜silica mm 矽石silica modulus 矽石模数silica retractory 矽石耐火物silica sand 矽砂silica sol 矽石溶胶silica, amorphous 非晶形矽石silica, synthetic 合成矽石silica-water solutions 矽石水溶液silicate 矽酸盐silicate bond 矽酸黏合剂silicate cement 矽酸盐水泥silicate glasses 矽酸盐玻璃silicon 矽素silicon carbide 碳化矽silicon carbide whiskers 碳化矽晶丝silicon carbide-tungsten wire composite properties 碳矽钨线混合体silicon compiler 矽晶自动编辑器silicon compounds 矽化物silicon oxyhydride 矽氧氢化物silicon polymers 矽聚体silicon-bridged polymers 矽乔聚体silicon-carbon bond 碳矽互silicon-nitrogen polymers 矽氮聚体silicon-nitrogen polymers, linear prepn 线式矽氮聚体silicon-oxygen polymers types 氧矽聚体silicon-oxygen tetrahedron 氧矽四面体silicone 矽峒silicone elastomers 聚矽氧弹体silicone emulsions 聚矽氧乳液silicone fluids 聚矽氧液体silicone gel 聚矽氧凝胶silicone greases 聚矽氧润膏silicone monomers 矽氧单体silicone rubber 聚矽氧橡胶silicone surfactants 聚矽氧界面活化剂silicones 聚矽氧silicones, cellular 蜂窝聚矽氧silicones, reinforced 加强聚矽氧silicones, rtv 室温硫化聚矽氧silicosis 矽肺病silk 蚕丝silk fibroin 蚕丝纤silk gum 蚕丝胶silk protein 丝蛋白silk-screen printing 丝网印刷silk-screen process 丝网印刷法；绢印法sillmanite 矽线石siloxanes 氧矽烷siloxazane polymers 环氧矽氮烷聚体silphenylenes 对一双甲矽烷苯silsesquioxanes silver 倍半氧矽烷银silt density index（sdi）淤泥密度指标（sdi） silver halides 卤化银silver ions 银离子silver luster 银光料silver nitrate 硝酸银silvering 上银silvichemicals 森林化物sily1 hydrides 甲矽烷基氢化物silylamine polymers 甲矽烷基胺聚体silylamines 甲矽烷基胺silylation 甲矽烷化silylization system 甲矽烷基化处理系统simple 凹坑，表面微凹simple extension 简单延伸simple microscope 普通显微镜simple proteins 简单simple shear 简单剪切simple shearing 简单剪切simulated annealing 模拟退火simultaneous grafting 同时接技simultaneous irradiation reactions 同时照射反应sin echo method 旋转回音化sinapy1 alcohol 芥子醇singeing 燃芒single cassette rotor 单个套装匣转子single crystal 单晶体single crystals 单晶single plate 单板single point boding 单端子接合single point tab bonding tool 单点tab 接合工具single side lapping machine 单面磨光机single side polishing machine 单面抛光机single station cleaning equipment 单站洗涤装置single t state 单介状态single wafer processing 单晶圆处理方式single wafer processing cleaner 单晶圆加工洗涤机single-base propellants 单基推进剂single-bridged coordination polymers 单桥配位聚合single-bridged polymers 单桥聚体single-bucket excavator 单斗挖掘机single-cavity centor-gated mold 单穴心闸模single-cavity hot-runner mold 单穴热道模single-crystal fibers 单晶纤维single-crystal patterns 单晶图案single-orifice designs 单孔设计single-point methods 单点法single-screw extruders 单螺杆挤压机single-screw, single-stage extruders 单螺杆单段挤压机single-spindle rotational-molding machine 单心轴回转模型机single-tab gate 单顶闸single-toggle jaw crusher 单肘颚轧机singulation/separate 分离sink mark 沈标sinter 烧结sintered glass 烧结玻璃sintering 熔结sinusoidal experiments 正弦试验sio2 film fluorine doped silicon dioxide 掺杂氟素二氧化矽膜sirtl etching 沙特蚀刻sisal fibers 剑麻纤维sit array 区分地段阵列site 区分地段，划分地段site array 区分地段阵列site binding 定位结合site flatness 区分地段平面度site fpd 区分地段焦点平面偏差site size 区分地段大小site tir 区分地段总指示器读数size 大小；度分；胶料size analysis 粒度分折sizing 上胶sizing materials 上胶物料skein dyeing 纱束染色skein-dyeing machine 纱束染色机skeleton oven 骨架炉skew 相位差，时间偏差skew rays 歪斜光skewback 拱座skid tests 滑距试验skiing 滑溜skim coat 平板纸光skimmed milk 脱脂奶skimmer 撇渣器skimmer block 阻渣砖skin 皮skins 皮类skip measurement 跳越测试skiving 削片slab glass 光学玻璃板slabstock 板材slack waxes 松蜡slag 熔渣slag cement 熔渣水泥slag notch 放渣口slag pocket 积渣室slaking 水化slashing 割裂sleeper wall 地龙墙sleeve 套筒sleeves 套筒slef-extinguishing plastics 自熄塑胶slew rate 转动数率，变化率sliced wafer 已切割晶圆slicing machine 切割机slide-off transfer 胶模印花纸slider-pad extruder 滑垫挤压机slip 滑脱slip additives 助滑添料slip agents 助滑剂slip depressants 抑滑剂slip glaze 泥釉slip joint 滑接头slip plane 滑动面slipware 泥釉陶slotting wheel 起槽磨轮slow pumping/slow roughing 缓慢排气slow vent 缓慢通气sludge removal system 淤泥排除系统slug 泥饼(陶)；结块(玻)；圆柱媒(泥) slugged bottom 厚底slugging 缓涌slump 坍度(泥)；流动度(搪)slump test 流动度试验slurry 泥状研磨剂slurry polymerization 浆状聚合slurry separator 研磨剂分离器slurrying 浆化slush casting 熔附铸造slush cating slushing 熔附模制slushing 减水small-angle electron diffraction 小角电子绕射smalt 花?青；大青smart model 精灵模型smear test 画素之电荷流量试验smeatic state 碟状液晶态smectic phase 碟状液晶相smoke-gray film 烟灰薄膜smokeless powder 无烟火药smokes 烟雾smoothness 平滑度snack foods 小吃食品snakeskin glaze 蛇皮釉snap cure 快速硬化snitaryware 卫生陶瓷snubbing pin 制止销snyder process 斯奈德程序soak time 热炼时间soaking 浸热soaps 肥皂soapstone 皂石socket board 插座基板socket type contract 插座型接触soda cellulose 钠纤维素soda process 钠法soda pulping 钠制浆sodium 钠sodium 2,3,4,6,-tetrachlorophenoxide 2,3,4,6,-四氯苯酚钠sodium acetylide 乙炔钠sodium acrylate 丙烯酸钠sodium alginate 藻酸钠sodium amide 氨基化钠sodium azodiformate 偶氮双甲酸钠sodium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠sodium borohydride 硼氢化钠sodium carbonate 碳酸钠sodium carboxymethy1-cellulose 甲基纤维素钠sodium carboxymethy1-hydroxyethylcellulose 甲基乙基纤维素钠sodium carrier 钠载体sodium caseinate 酪酸钠sodium cellulose glycolate 乙酸钠纤维素sodium ch1oroacetate 氯醋酸钠sodium chlorite 亚氯酸钠sodium chlorite bleaching 亚氯酸钠漂白sodium dichromate 重铬酸钠sodium dithionite 双硫研酸钠sodium doclecyl sulfate 双硫研酸钠sodium ethylenesulfonate 乙烯研酸钠sodium ethylenesulfonate polymers 乙烯磺钠聚体sodium gallate 没食子酸钠sodium hydrosulfite 次硫酸氢钠sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠sodium hypotchlorite 次氯酸钠sodium metaborate 偏硼酸钠sodium methacrylate 甲基丙烯酸钠sodium methoxide 甲醇钠sodium o-phenylphenoxide 邻-苯基苯酚钠sodium p-styrenesulfonate 对-苯乙烯磺酸钠sodium perborate 高硼酸钠sodium peroxide 过氧化钠sodium phosphate glasses 磷酸钠玻璃sodium polyacrylate 聚丙烯酸钠sodium polyphosphate 聚磷酸钠sodium polyphosphate solution 聚酸钠溶液sodium polysulfides 多硫化钠sodium protocatechuate 原儿茶酸钠sodium sulfate 硫酸钠sodium tetraborate 四硼酸钠sodium thiocyanate 硫氰酸钠sodium tungstate 钨酸钠sodium-naphthalene complex 钠复体soft fibers 软纤维soft fibrids 软原纤质soft landing 软性着陆soft macro cell 软性巨集功能电路胞soft resin shellac 软树脂虫胶soft roughmg 软性排气soft vent 软性通气soft x rays 软x 光线soft-bake 软性烘烤处理soft-paste porcelain 软质瓷softeners 软化剂softening point 软化点softening points 软化点softpmud process 软泥法software error 软体错误softwood 软材soi lwood lignin 软木质素soil redeposition 土壤调节剂soil release 免污soil releasers 免污剂soil repellents 驱污剂soil retardancy 阻污剂soil retardants 阻污soil stabilization 土壤安定sol-air temperature 溶胶空气温度sol-to-gel transitions 溶胶凝胶转移solar absorptivity 阳光吸收性solar furnace 太阳炉solar radiation 阳光照射solar ulatraviolet radiation 阳光紫外线照射solarization 老化作用solder bonding 焊剂接合solder dip test system 浸焊测试系统solder dipping machine 浸焊剂装置solder plating machine 镀焊装置solder sealing equipment 焊料密封装置solder sleeve 焊铁套筒soldier block 立砌砖sole 炉底solid casting 实铸法solid dolution 固溶体solid fatty polyamides 固体脂肪聚醯胺solid fiber boxes 固体纤维盒solid phase epitaxial growth system 固相磊晶生长系统solid polysulfide elastomers 固体聚硫化物弹体solid propellants 啦体推进剂solid vaporizer 固体蒸发源solid-propellant motors 固体推进剂马达solid-propellant rockets 固体推进剂火箭solid-state measurements 固态测剂solid-state polymerization 固态聚合solidification ratio 固化比率solidification shrinkage crack solidus sols 溶胶soltion viscosity 溶液粘度solubility 溶度solubility coefficient 溶度系数solubility evaluation 溶度评估solubility fractionation 溶度分级solubility of polymers 聚体溶度solubility parameters 溶度参数solubility spectra 溶度谱solubilization 溶化solubilizer removal method 助溶剂除去法solubilizer-deficient feed method 助溶剂不足加料法solubilizing ability 溶化能力soluble polyurethane elastomers 可溶聚氨基甲酸乙弹性体solute 溶质solute-solvent interaction 溶质-溶剂相互作用solution adhesives 溶液粘着剂solution blending 溶液掺合solution ceramics 陶瓷护层solution chlorination 溶液氯化solution coating 溶液涂膜solution condensation 溶液缩合solution copolymerization 溶液共聚合solution dyeing 溶液染色solution extrusion 溶液挤压solution grafting 溶液接技solution heat treatment solution measurements 溶液测定solution polycondensation 溶液聚缩合solution polymrization 溶液聚合solution properties 溶液特性solution spinning 溶液纺丝solution techniques 溶液技术solution-solvent viscosity ratio 溶液溶剂粘度比solution-spun fibers 溶液纺丝纤维solutions 溶液solvent adhesives 溶剂粘着剂solvent bonding 溶剂黏合solvent casting 溶剂浇铸solvent cement 溶剂粘合剂solvent coating 溶剂涂膜solvent cracking 溶剂裂开solvent crazing 溶剂隙裂solvent extraction 溶剂萃取solvent finishing 溶剂尾工solvent gradient 溶剂坡度solvent hydrogen bonding 溶剂氢结合solvent molding 溶剂模制solvent processing 溶剂加工solvent release 溶剂脱离solvent resistance 溶剂抗性solvent selection 溶剂选择solvent transfer coefficients 溶剂移动系数solvent treatment 溶剂处理solvent welding 溶剂焊接solvent-based coatings 溶剂基涂膜solvent-based polishes 溶剂基擦亮剂solvent-bleeding resistance 抗溶剂渗出solvent-polymer systems 溶剂聚体系统solvent-segment interactions 溶剂段节相互反应solventless coating 无溶剂涂膜solvents 溶剂solvents for polymerization 聚合用溶液sonic measurements 声音测定sorbic acid 山梨酸sorbitol 山梨糖醇sorel cement 苏鲁水泥soret effect 抹瑞效应sori 弯度sori control system 弯度控制系统sorption 吸着sorption equilibrium 吸着平衡。
制浆原理与工程英语词汇
《制浆原理与工程》英汉词汇对照AAccepts : 良浆Usable pulp that has passed the screening operation.Active alkali (AA)：活性碱With respect to kraft white liquor, the amount ofconcentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) plussodium sulphide (Na2S).Alkaline extraction ：碱抽提Bleaching stage (denotation E) for removal of ligninmade potentially soluble by the previous acidicoxidizing stage and to reactivate the pulp to furtheroxidation. Main chemical applied: sodiumhydroxide NaOH. Can be enhanced with oxygen(EO), hydrogen peroxide (EP) or both (EOP).Alkaline pulping : 碱法制浆General term usually denoting the kraft process.However, the term is also applied to other high pHchemical pulping processes, such as soda orsoda-oxygen pulping.AOX ：可吸附有机卤化物(Adsorbable organic halogen compounds) Collectiveterm for the amount of chlorine bound in organicpollutants, contained in waste water for instance.BBack-pressure turbine ：背压式涡轮机Steam turbine, from which the exhaust steam isnot condensed, but is transported and utilized inan industrial process.Bagasse ：甘蔗The crushed stalks of sugar cane after the sugarhas been extracted. Can be used as a fibresource for nonwood pulping.Bamboo ：竹Giant wood grass that is used as a fibre source innonwood pulping.Barking ：剥皮Removing bark from pulpwood prior to processing. Basis weight ：定量Weight per unit area of paper. Synonym: Grammage. Batch cooking ：间歇蒸煮Chemical pulping operation, in which a discretequantity or batch of chips is individually processed. Batch digester ：间歇蒸煮锅Large pressure vessel (150...400 cubic meters)used for batchwise production of pulp.Black liquor ：黑液Spent cooking liquoThe pulp production dependson the number of batches (i.e. cooks) that areprocessed.r from a kraft cook, containing dissolvedorganic material and residual alkali compounds. Bleachability ：漂白性能Qualitative term used to describe the relative easeof which pulp can be bleached.Bleaching : 漂白Chemically treating a pulp to alter the coloringmatter so the pulp has a higher brightness. Bleaching sequence ：漂白程序Series of subsequent bleaching stages, normallydescribed by abbreviations (e.g. CEDED which standsfor "chlorination - alkaline extraction - chlorine dioxide- alkaline extraction - chlorine dioxide").Blow ：放浆Pulp discharge under pressure from the digester.Blow line ：喷放管道Pipeline which transports stock from the digesterto the blow tank.Blow tank ：喷放锅Large vessel into which pulp is blown at the end ofa cook and from which the pulp is pumped to thenext processing stage.BOD ：生物耗氧量(Biological Oxygen Demand). A measure of theamount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms inbreaking down organic matter in effluent during acertain method. E.g. BOD7, biological oxygen demandduring seven days.Bone dry (b.d.) ：绝干Moisture free (also termed oven-dry, o.d.). A pulp orpaper which has been dried to a constant weight at atemperature of 100 to 105 o C in a completely dryatmosphere.Breaking length ：裂断长Measure of pulp tensile strength which isindependent of the basis weight of the paper sheet,equal to the length of paper which will just support itsown weight when hung freely from one end.(Conversion factor: tensile index (Nm/g) = 9.81 xbreaking length (km)).Brownstock ：粗浆Unbleached pulp from an alkaline pulping process. Theterm is derived from the dark brown color of the pulp.Brightness ：亮度Reflectivity of a sheet of pulp or paper measuredunder standardized conditions; used to indicate thedegree of "whiteness".Brightness reversion ：回色A term applied to pulps to indicate loss ofbrightness during natural or artificial agening.Bulk ：松厚度Ratio of thickness to basis weight of paper. Adense sheet has low bulk.Bursting strength 耐破应力A measure of the ability of paper to resist rupturewhen pressure is applied to one of its sides by aspecific instrument.CCarbohydrates ：碳水化合物The main carbohydrates in wood are polysaccharidessuch as cellulose and hemicellulose.CED Viscosity ：铜乙二胺粘度法Test of cellulose solution viscosity which indicatesthe average length of the cellulose molecules, i.e.the degree of polymerization.Cellulose ：纤维素Chemically, a polymer composed of glucosemonomers. It is the main constituent of plant fibres.Chelating ：鳌合Chemically combining with a metallic ion into a"coordination complex". Common chemicals used forchelation are EDTA (Ethylendiaminetetraacidic acid)and DTPA (Diethylenetetraminepentaacidic acid).Chemical pulp ：化学浆Pulp obtained by digestion of wood with solutions ofvarious chemicals.Chemical recovery cycle ：化学回收循环Part of the pulp mill, in which the spent cookingchemicals are recycled and reconverted into activecooking chemicals.Chemimechanical pulp ：化学机械浆1. Pulp produced with a combination of a gentlechemical treatment stage and mechanicaldefibration, such as disc refining. The yield rangeis 80 to 95 %.2. Subgroup of chemimechanical pulps (alsocalled CMP), produced with relative severechemical treartment combined with atmosphericrefining. The yield is typically below 90 %. Chemithermomechanical pulp, CTMP ：化学热机械浆Chemimechanical pulp produced with relatively lowchemical doses combined with pressurized refining.The yield is typically above 90 %.Chlorine number ：氯价Test method for determining the bleach requirement of apulp. It indicates the number of grams of chlorineconsumed by 100 g of pulp under specified conditions. Chips ：木片Chopped wood prepared for coking to producechemical pulp or refining to produce refinermechanical pulp.Chip chute ：木片斜槽Vertical conduit through which chips fall from thesteaming vessel into the high pressure feeder, acomponent of continuous digester systems.Chip meter ：木片装锅计量器Device used with the continuous digester feedsystem to control the chip feed rate.Chlorination ：氯化（作用）A bleaching stage (denoted C) using elementalchlorine as bleaching agent.Chlorine ：氯气Greenish-yellow gas used as a bleaching agent.Also known as gas chlorine or elemental chlorine. Chlorine dioxide ：二氧化氯Yellow gas in solution as a bleaching agent.Chop ：碎片Short, chunky bundle of unseparated fibresoccurring in mechanical pulps.Chromophor ：发色团Chemical group responsible for colour in (wood and pulp). Classifier ：分离器Term with wide applications. Usually refers tolaboratory devices for separating aqueous suspensionof pulp fibres into various-size fractions.Cleaning ：净化Removal of dirt and foreign material from pulp bycentrifugal action.Cleaners ：净化器Vessels which remove dirt and foreign materialfrom pulp by centrifugal action.Closed system ：封闭系统System wherein white water or filtrate is mainlyrecirculated and not discharged to waste.COD ：化学需氧量(Chemical oxygen demand). Chemicaloxygen-consuming substances. A measure of theamount of oxygen required for the total chemicalbreakdown of organic substances in water.Cold blow ：冷法喷放Pressure ejection of cooked pulp from a batch orcontinuous digester after the pulp has been cooled to below100 o C. The cooling step reduces damage to the fibres. Cold soda pulp ：冷碱浆A semichemical pulp generally produced fromhardwoods by room temperature treatment with sodiumhydroxide followed by mechanical fiberizing.Condensate ：冷凝水Any material that has condensed from a gaseous phaseinto a liquid phase. Usually refers to water that hascondensed from steam in a heat exchange process. Coniferous trees ：松柏Cone-bearing and evergreen trees, such as spruce,pine, hemlock, balsam. Also termed softwood trees. Consistency ：浓度Weight percentage of pulp in a pulp and water mixture. Continuous cooking ：连续蒸煮Chemical pulping operation in which wood chipsand cooking liquor are fed at a constant rate intothe digester and move in continuous fashionthrough successive zones or stages of equipment. Continuous digester ：连续蒸煮器Digester system for continuous cooking.Cooking ：蒸煮Treating fibrous materials with chemicals under heatand pressure to produce pulp for papermaking.Cooking zone ：蒸煮区Section within a continuous digester in which themajor portion of the cooking reactions occur; thesection in which the chip mass is at or near themaximum cooking temperature.Cord ：量木材尺度单位Usually a pile of pulpwood 8 feet long, 4 feet wide and4 feet high, containing 128 cubic feet.Countercurrent cooking ：对流蒸煮Cooking technique for a kraft continuous digester whereincooking liquor and heat are introduced at the point wherepulp is removed; the liquor then moves countercurrentlyto the chip mass flow until it is extracted as black liquorthrough the extraction screens.Cunit ：原木材积单位A term used in the measurement of pulpwood, i.e.100 cubic feet of solid wood, bark excluded. Onecunit corresponds to 2.83 cubic meter of wood.DDebarking ：剥皮Removing bark from pulpwood prior to processing.Deciduous trees ：阔叶木Hardwoods or broad-leaved trees which lose theirleaves in winter, such as birch, aspen, maple andcottonwood.Degree of delignification ：脱木素程度Amount of delignification as measured by the kappanumber test or other comparable method ofdetermining residual lignin. (Synonym: Degree ofcooking).Delignification ：脱木素Removal of all part of the lignin from wood or plantmaterial by chemical treatment. Chemical pulpingand the initial stages of bleaching are examples ofdelignification.Degree of polymerization (DP) ：聚合度As applied to cellulose, refers to the average numberof glucose unit in each cellulose molecule of a pulpsample. Usually determined by the CED viscosity test. Deinking ：脱墨Removal of ink and other extraneous materials fromprinted, reclaimed papers by mechanicaldisintegration and chemical treatment, withsubsequent washing or flotation separation. Diffusion ：扩散作用Diffusion in impregnation of wood chips: movementof ions and molecules from an area of highconcentration (e.g. the free cooking liquorsurrounding the chips) to an area of lowerconcentration (e.g. the inner part of the chips). Digester ：蒸煮The pressure vessel to treat pulpwood or otherfibre raw material with chemicals to producechemical pulp. The digester may be either of thebatch or the continuous type.Digester relief ：（蒸煮锅）放气Venting of steam and noncondensibles from thedigester during the cook to prevent hot spots andbuildup of excessive pressure.Dregs ：绿泥Settleable solids which comprise the underflow fromthe green liquor clarifier.DTPA ：二亚乙基三胺五乙酸Diethylenetetraminepentaacidic acid. Chemical usedfor chelation (removal of transition metals from pulp).EECF ：无元素氯（漂白）Elemental chlorine-free bleaching. Bleaching insequences not including elemental chlorine but usingchlorine dioxide, e.g. D(EO)DD. Bleaching in sequencesnot including chlorine-containing substances at all iscalled TCF (totally chlorine-free bleaching) EDTA ：乙二胺四醋酸Ethylendiaminetetraacidic acid. Chemical used forchelation (removal of transition metals from pulp).Elemental chlorine ：元素氯Molecular chlorine, Cl2, used for pulp bleaching.Emission ：排放Passage of air contaminants into the atmosphere via agas steam or other means.Enzyme ：酶Class of complex organic substances that accelerateor catalyze specific chemical reactions.Extended delignification ：深度脱木素Kraft pulping modification to achieve lower kappanumbers with maintained pulp strength.Extractives ：抽提物Minor substances ( 1-5 % of the raw material) presentin native wood, i.e. resin acids, fatty acids, turpenoidcompounds and alcohols. Most of these substancesare soluble in water or neutral organic solvents.FFibril ：细纤维Thread-like element unraveled from the fibre wall.Fibrillation ：细纤维化A term commonly associated with refining of pulp. Itresults in the loosening of threadlike elements fromthe fibre wall to provide greater surface for formingfibre-to-fibre bonds.Fillers：填料Paper materials used to fill spaces not occupied by fibres.Filtrate ：滤液The liquid that is produced when a solution is filtered.Fines ：细小纤维Very small fibre fragments that readily pass through afilter wire cloth.Flash dryer : 气流干燥器Pulp dryer, in which the material is dried in particulate form.Flash tank ：闪蒸罐A vessel used to lower the pressure of steamcondensate causing the hot condensate to evaporate,or flash to steam, and separate the remaining liquid.Formation ：匀度Degree of uniformity of the fibre distribution in a sheetof paper.Freeness ：游离度A measure of the degree of refining and drainage of aparticular stock. Also called CSF (Canadian StandardFreeness).Furnish ：配料The specific mixture of raw materials, both pulp andchemicals, from which a particular paper or boardgrade is manufactured.GGlucose ：葡萄糖Simple hexose sugar that forms the basic chemicalbuilding unit of cellulose.Grade ：等级An identification or description of a particular paper orpulp based on its use, appearance, quality, method ofmanufacture, raw materials or a combination of thesefactors.Grammage : 克重Weight per unit area of paper (i.e. basis weight) ingrams per square meter.Green liquor ：绿液The smelt from a kraft recovery boiler dissolved inweak wash liquor. Green liquor contains mainlysodium carbonate and sodium suphide.Green wood ：新材Freshly cut or undried wood.Grinder ：磨木机A machine for producing mechanical groundwood pulp.It is essentially a rotating pulpstone against which logsare pressed and reduced to pulp.Groundwood pulp (GW or SGW) ：磨木浆Mechanical pulp produced with a grinder.Grits ：磨料粒度Unreacted particles of lime removed from the slaker. HHandsheet ：手抄纸A sheet made from a suspension of fibres in water.Each sheet is formed separately by draining a pulpsuspension on a stationary sheet mould. It is generallyused for testing the physical properties of the pulp.Hard cook ：硬浆蒸煮Generally refers to digester charge that has beenundercooked with respect to target conditions.Hardwood ：硬木Wood from trees of the angiosperm class, usuallywith broad leaves and deciduous in temperatezones. Hardwood fibres are short in relation tosoftwood fibres.Hemicelluloses ：半纤维素Any of a number of cell-wall polysaccharides occurringin nearly all vegetable fibres.Hexenuronic acid ：己糖醛酸Acid groups formed from the hemicelluloses in kraftcooking. Hexenuronic acids contributes to the kappanumber and reacts with several bleaching agents, thusconsuming these chemicals.Hexose ：己糖Simple sugar (monosaccharide) containing six carbonatoms in the molecule (e.g. glucose, galactose).High density storage tower ：高浓贮浆塔Pulp tower used for storage of pulp at 9...22 %consistency.High pressure feeder ：高压给料器Key component of the continuous digester system,consisting of a plug revolving in a casing, similar inappearance to a revolving valve cock.Holocellulose ：综纤维素The term applied to the total carbohydrate fraction inextractive free wood.Hydrolysis ：水解Decomposition of a complex molecule and reactionwith water to form a least two smaller molecules.Hydrophilic ：亲水的Having a strong affinity for water.Hydrophobic ：疏水的Lacking affinity for water, i.e. water-repellent.IImpregnation ：浸渍作用Process of distributing cooking chemicals through thewood chips by the mechanism of penetration anddiffusion.Impregnation vessel ：预浸器Component part of some continuous cooking systems(usually called two-vessel systems) in which the chipsare impregnated with cooking liquor at a temperaturebelow the maximum cooking temperature.Impregnation zone :浸渍区Section within a continuous digester in whichimpregnation occurs.Integrated mill ：综合工厂A paper or board mill that produces substantially all itsown pulp.Intrinsic viscosity ：特性粘度An indication of cellulose DP(degree ofpolymerization) obtained by measuring the viscosityof a cellulose solution of known concentration.ISO brightness ：蓝光扩散反射系数ISO brightness is an intrinsic reflectance factordetermined with a brightness meter whose sensitivityto light agrees with ISO standard 2470.JKKappa number ：卡伯值：Modified permanganate test value of pulp which hasbeen corrected to 50 percent consumption of thechemical. Kappa number has the advantage of alinear relationship with lignin content over a widerange.Kraft process ：硫酸盐法蒸煮过程Alkaline cooking process using sodium hydroxide andsodium sulphide as the active cooking chemical.Synonym: Sulphate process.Kraft pulp ：硫酸盐浆Pulp produced with the kraft process. Synonym:sulphate pulp.LLight absorption coefficient ：光吸收系数The light absorption coefficient, k, is a theoreticalquantity related to the Kubelka-Munk theory. The lightabsorption coefficient has no direct physical meaning,but it is a measure of an infinitely thin layer's ability toabsorb light.Light scattering coefficient ：光散射系数The light scattering coefficient, s, is a theoreticalquantity related to the Kubelka-Munk theory. The lightscattering coefficient has no direct physical meaning,but it is a measure of how well an infinitely thin layer ofmaterial scatters light.Lignin ：木素Chemical component of wood. Lignin is athree-dimensional, highly polymerized substancecomposed of 100 and more phenyl propane units.Lignin cements the fibres together in wood and makesthe fibres stiff.Linerboard ：衬板A paperboard used as the facing material in theproduction of corrugated and solid fiber containers.Liquor circulation ：药液循环Movement of cooking liquor through the chip massduring a cook either by convection or pumping.Lo-Solids ：低固形物制浆A continuous cooking process that uses split whiteliquor additions, split washer filtrate additions andmultiple extractions to manipulate both the amountand concentration of dissolved organics in order toimprove pulping efficiency and pulp quality.Low-consistency (pulp) ：低浓浆Pulp of a consistency below 4 % pulp fibres, theremaining being water.Low-pressure feeder ：低压给料器Tapered star feeder that feeds chips from atmosphericpressure to approximately 150 kPa pressure as they enterthe steaming vessel of a continuous digester system. o MMarket pulp ：商品浆Pulp sold as raw material to nonintegrated paper mills.MC pump ：中浓泵Medium (10...16 %) consistency centrifugal pulp, theoperation of which is based high shear forces in theinlet throat to reach a fluid-like state in the pulp.Mechanical pulp ：机械浆Pulp produced by mechanical treatment of wood ingrinders or refiners.Modified continuous cooking, MCC ：改良的连续蒸煮Continuous cooking system in which the white liquor isintroduced in three circulations of the cooking system:the feed circulation, the transfer circulation and thecountercurrent cooking circulation.NNeutral sulphite pulp：中性亚硫酸盐浆Neutral sulphite pulps - commonly called neutralsulphite semichemical or NSSC - are usually madefrom hardwoods although softwoods low in resins canalso be used. The active cooking chemicals are eithersodium sulphite and sodium carbonate or ammoniumand suphur dioxide. NSSC pulps are used as thecorrugated layer in corrugated board.HNon-condensibles ：不可凝结气体Gases released during the evaporation of black liquor.Nonwood pulping ：非木材浆Manufacture of pulp from nonwood raw material, i.e.from various vascular plants such as straw, bagasse,bamboo etc.OOpacity ：不透明度Property of a paper which prevents "show-through" ofprinting from one side of sheet to the other.Outlet device ：放料装置Rotating scraper assembly at the bottom of acontinuous digester which conveys the chips from thecolumn into the blow line.Oven dry, o.d. ：绝干Moisture free, also "bone dry". A pulp or paper whichhas been dried to a constant weight at a temperatureof 100 to 105 oC in a completely dry atmosphere.Oxidation ：氧化（作用）The chemical reaction of adding oxygen to an elementor compound.Oxygen chemical bleaching, OCB ：氧气化学漂白Bleaching in sequences not including chlorinechemicals at all, but only oxygen-based chemicalssuch as oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, ozone etc.Synonym: TCF bleaching.Oxygen delignification ：氧脱木素Delignification stage based on sodium hydroxide oroxidized white liquor and oxygen. The oxygendelignification stage is normally located after cookingbut ahead of the bleachery. Synonym: oxygenbleaching.PPenetration ：渗透Flowing of the cooking liquor into the wood chipsthrough the pores of the wood.Pentose ：戊糖Simple sugar (monosaccharide) containing five carbonatoms in the molecule (e.g. xylose, arabinose).Permanganate number ：高锰酸钾值Chemical test performed to determine the amount ofresidual lignin in pulp.PH ：酸度A measure of the acid or alkaline characteristics of achemical obtained by measuring the hydrogen ionpotential to the substance and assigning it a numberfrom 1 to 14.Pitch ：防潮纸Resinous materials present in wood that carry overinto the pulping and papermaking systems to forminsoluble deposits.Polymer ：聚合物Chemical compound consisting of repeating structuralunits.Pre-steaming ：预汽蒸1. Injection of steam into a batch digester during orafter charging with chips, but before the cooking liquoris added.2. Introduction of steam at atmospheric pressure intothe chip bin just before the chips are metered into asteam pressurized environment. In both cases, theobjective is to preheat the chips and remove a portionof the air from the chip mass.Pulp ：纸浆Fibrous material produced either chemically ormechanically (or by some combination of chemicaland mechanical means) from wood or other cellulosicraw material. Pulp is the principal raw material forpapermaking.Pulping reaction ：制浆反应Any of the chemical reactions between active cookingchemicals and the pulping raw material duringcooking.Pulpwood ：造纸木材Logs trimmed and cut to size for use by the pulp mill.Generally of poorer quality and smaller diameter thansawlogs.QQuenching ：淬灭Slowing down the cooking reaction in a continuousdigester at the end of the cooking zone by displacingthe hot black liquor with ascending wash liquor andextracting it into the flash tank.RRay cells ：木射线细胞Short cells, chiefly parenchymatous, which make upthe wood ray. The wood ray is a ribbonlike strand oftissue extending in radial direction across the annualrings of the wood.Recaustisizing ：辅助苛化Conversion of sodium carbonate into active sodiumhydroxide.Recovery boiler ：回收锅炉Steam boiler specially designed for the kraft recoveryprocess. The recovery boiler uses strong black liquoras fuel and supplies heat for steam generation andrecovers the inorganic cooking chemicals in moltenform. Synonym: Recovery furnace.Rejects ：废料Stock and wood dirt that is not accepted by cleaningsystem.Refiner ：磨浆机A mechanical device used to produce mechanical pulpbetween grooved metallic discs, of which the other orboth are rotating.Refiner mechanical pulp, RMP ：木片磨木浆Mechanical pulp produced in a refiner.Refiner plates ：磨盘Grooved discs mounted inside a refiner used todefiberize wood chips into mechanical pulp.Residual lignin ：残留木素Lignin left in the pulp after a delignification treatment,e.g. cooking or oxygen delignification.Roe number ：Roe 氯值Measure of the amount of residual lignin in pulp.SSaturated steam ：饱和蒸汽Steam at its condensing temperature (for a givenpressure).Sawlog ：锯材High-quality log suitable for processing into lumber.Scaling ：结垢Formation of scale due to precipitation, principally ofinorganic compounds, on the inside surfaces ofdigesters and other equipment.Screened yield ：细浆得率Yield of accept pulp after screening.Screening ：浆渣Process for removal of oversized and unwantedparticles from the pulp.Selectivity ：选择性Relative extent to which active cooking chemicalsattack the lignin and preserve the carbohydrates, i.e.better selectivity is synonymous to higher yield and/orbetter viscosity at a given kappa number. Semichemical pulp ：半化学浆A pulp produced by a mild chemical treatment of theraw material followed by a mechanical fiberizingoperation.Shives ：碎片Small bundles of fibres that have not been separatedcompletely in the pulping operations.Slasher ：排锯Machine that saws pulplogs into uniform short lengths. Slowness ：粘状Measure of pulp drainage. Has in inverse relationshipto freeness.Slurry ：悬浮液A suspension of insoluble material in waterSmelt ：熔融物Inorganic chemicals obtained in molten form from therecovery boiler.Soda pulp ：烧碱法制浆A chemical pulp produced by high temperaturedigestion using sodium hydroxide.Soft cook ：软浆蒸煮General term for a cook than has beenover-delignified.Softwoods ：软木Cone-bearing trees. Since they usually keep theirneedles or leaves the entire year, they are popularlycalled evergreens.Steaming vessel ：汽蒸槽Vessel in a continuous cooking system through whichthe chips are conveyed and exposed to adisplacement flow of steam which heats the chips andremoves air and other non-condensibles.Steam-phase digester ：汽相蒸煮器Cooking vessel in which impregnated chips are heatedwith direct steam to bring them up to the cookingtemperature.Stock ：浆料Wet pulp of any type at any stage of the manufacturingprocess.Sulphate process ：硫酸盐法Alkaline cooking process using sodium hydroxide andsodium sulphide as the active cooking chemical.Synonym: Kraft process.Sulphate pulp ：亚硫酸盐浆Chemical pulp produced with the sulphate process. Synonym:sulphate pulp.Sulphidity ：硫化度With respect to white or green liquor, the ratio ofsodium sulphide concentration to the active alkali(sodium hydroxide + sodium sulphide) concentration,all in terms of equivalent sodium hydroxide (or sodiumoxide).Sulphite process ：亚硫酸法Chemical pulping process using a bisulphite solutionas the delignifying medium. The cation used is usuallycalcium, magnesium, sodium or magnesium. Sulphite pulp ：亚硫酸浆Chemical pulp produced with the sulphite process.Suspended solids ：悬浮固体A measure of the quantity of filterable solids which arepresent in a water suspension.Superheated steam ：过热蒸汽Steam at higher temperature than its saturation(condensing) temperature.TTall oil ：塔罗油Byproduct from the kraft pulping process.TCF bleaching ：全无氯(漂白)Bleaching in sequences not including chlorinechemicals at all, but only oxygen-based chemicalssuch as oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, ozone etc.Synonym: oxygen chemical bleaching (OCB).Tear index ：撕裂指数Tear index = tearing resistance/basis weight.Tearing resistance ：撕裂强度The mean force required to continue the tearing ofpaper from an initial cut under standardizedconditions.Tensile index ：抗张指数Tensile index = tensile strength/basis weight.Tensile strength ：抗张强度The force, parallel with the plane of paper, required toproduce failure in a specimen of specified width andlength under specified conditions of loading.。
制浆造纸
（一）制浆
化学法制浆方法比较
种类 碱法 化学法 石灰法 药品成分 Ca(OH) 2 特征 适用原料 纸浆用途
脱胶、脂强，脱 禾草、棉、麻 纸板 木素差
烧碱法 硫酸盐法
NaOH
脱木素强
芦苇、阔叶木 文化用纸
NaOH+Na2S 脱木素强， 对纤 针叶木、竹、 高 档 文 化 用 维破坏小 芦苇 纸和包装纸 文化用纸
框式摇摆筛
离心式筛浆机
化学法制浆工艺
碱回收
利用加热、蒸发和燃烧有机物的方 法将废液中的无机物如Na2S和 Na2CO3进行苛化（即加入 Ca(OH)2），最终废液中生成 NaOH，重新送入蒸煮工段使用。
减少了造纸废液对环境的污染
循环利用化学药剂 回收利用废液中的木素
化学法制浆工艺
通风：通风道、垛间距离、垛的长度方向
运输：原料特点、运输设备
照明：照明灯塔、埋设电缆
注意：堆垛方法、堆垛规格、堆垛间距
备料
三、原木的贮存 1. 水上贮存：均匀水分，防止腐烂，简化搬运 操作；沉底与污泥问题等 2. 地面贮存：降低水分与树脂含量，腐烂变质 问题； 注意：堆垛方法、堆垛规格、堆垛间距
备料
浆和木片磨木浆。
原理：通过机械摩擦、剪切、撕裂、切割等作用将原料分 散成纤维 特点：得率高，无污染。因保留了所有成分(杂细胞、木素) 及对纤维的切断，使得用这种浆生产的纸强度低、发脆， 漂后发黄等。
⑴ 磨石磨木浆(SGW)
将一定长度的原木送入磨 木机内，利用原木与高速 旋转的磨石之间的摩擦力， 在磨石的挤压、剪切和摩 擦作用下，使原木离解成 单根纤维，再用水把纤维 从磨石表面冲刷下来，即 成磨木浆。 磨石
削片机
亚硫酸盐法
中性亚硫酸盐法
碱性亚硫酸盐法
制浆造纸原理与工程
二. 碱法制浆流程示意图：
松节油回收系统（松木） 热回收系统 热水
纸浆筛选系统
合格原料片 蒸煮器 喷放装置 洗浆与黑液提取系统
预浸装置
蒸煮药液
碱回收系统
制浆造纸原理与工程
三. 亚硫酸盐法制浆流程示意图： 合格原料片
SO2 蒸煮液制备系统 蒸煮器
药剂制备系统 喷放装置 洗浆和废液提取系统
in Kraft white liquor:
7.2% Na2S + H2O
3.6 % NaSH
3.6% NaOH
Na2S
+
Sulfidity, 30%
NaOH
(AA, 24%)
16.8%
20.4% (16.8%+3.6%)
NaOH-----------------NaOH
(EA)
制浆造纸原理与工程
第二节 蒸煮原理
制浆造纸原理与工程
相对含量的一种指标（其它还原性物质包括己烯糖醛酸基 — 聚木糖中的4-O-甲基葡萄糖醛酸基在碱性高温下的产物等）。 采用高锰酸钾作氧化剂进行测定(另一种指标为高锰酸钾值， 卡伯值和高锰酸钾值过去均称为纸浆硬度。）。纸浆卡伯值 与残余木素含量之间的关系随原料种类和制浆方法的不同而 有差别，可通过实验确定。
NaOH + H2O Na2S + H2O S2- + H2O
Na+ + OH- + H2O 2Na+ + S2- + H2O HS- + OH-
制浆造纸原理与工程
Total alkali: All Na+ compounds NaOH, Na2S, Na2CO3, Na2SO3 , Na2SO4, Na2S2O3, etc
造纸机械专业词汇
A基本术语1纸浆pulp2造纸用浆paper-making pulp,paper grade pulp3溶解浆dissolving pulp4风干浆air-dry pulp5制浆pulping6备料raw-material preparing7蒸煮cooking8漂白bleaching9浆料的筛选pulp or stock screening10浆料的净化pulp or stock cleaning11废纸waste paper12化学浆chemical pulp13化学机械浆chemical-mechanical pulp14机械浆mechanical pulp15盘磨机械浆refiner mechanical pulp16磨石磨木浆stone groundwood pulp17造纸paper-making18纸料stock19纸paper20纸板board (paper board)21配比(纸或纸板的)fiber composition22成形formation23纸层ply (of paper or board)24组成(纸或纸板的)composition (of paper or board)25纸幅web26纸页sheet (of paper or board)27净纸幅宽trimmed width of paper or board28卷筒(纸或纸板的)reel or roll (of paper or board)29尺寸(纸页的)size (of a sheet)30纵向(纸的)machine direction (longitudinal direction) of paper31横向(纸的)cross (transverse) direction (of paper)32Z向(纸或纸板的)Z-direction (of paper or board)33正面(纸的)top side (of paper)34网面(纸的)wire side (of paper)35损纸broke36整饰完成finishing (of paper or board)37加工(纸的)converting (of paper or board)38浆板pulp sheet39湿浆板pulp lapB制浆机械设备1拉木机log haul2圆锯机disc saw3卧式平衡圆锯机disc saw with horizontal frame and balanced construction 4排锯slasher5移动式圆锯机slashmobile6原木池log pond7劈木机log splitter8卧式劈木机horizontal splitter9去节机knot boring machine10去皮debarking11圆筒剥皮机drum barker12枝枉材圆筒剥皮机drum barker for branch wood 13环式剥皮机ring barker14摆臂刺辊进料型环式剥皮机ring barker with swing arms and thorny rollers feeding mechanism15链刀型环式剥皮机ring barker with chain type barking knives 16卡盘型环式剥皮机ring barker with chuck type barking ring 17刀式剥机皮knife barker18刀盘knife dise19刀辊knife roll (drum)20飞刀fly (revolving) knives21水力剥皮机hydrabarker22削片chipping23削片机chipper24盘式削片机disc chipper25辊式削片机drum chipper26双锥盘削片机double conical disc chipper27螺旋型双锥盘削片机screw chipper28板皮削片机slab chipper29料片筛chip screen30料片再碎机chip crusher31鼠笼式再碎机squirrel-cage chip crusher32锤式再碎机chip shredder hog machine33料片的筛分析sieve analysis of chips34辊式切草机knife drum straw cutter35盘式切苇机disc reed cutter36切布机rag cutter37辊式蔗渣开包机roil type bagasse bale breaker38蔗渣松散机bagasse bale loosening machine39锤式除髓机 hammer depither40鼠笼式除姗机squirrel-cage depither41辊式除尘机railroad duster42水膜除尘器water film duster43风选机fan duster44振动筛vibrating screen45半振动筛semi-vibrating screen46摇振筛shaking screen47摇摆筛swinging screen48料片仓chip bin49锥底木片仓conical-bottomed chip bin50活底料片仓live bottom chip bin51间歇蒸煮batch cooking52连续蒸煮continuous cooking53间接加热蒸煮indirect cooking54多级蒸煮multistage cooking process55蒸球rotary spherical digester56燕球喷放轴头blowing journal of spherical digester57立式蒸煮锅vertical digester58蒸煮锅衬里digester lining59装锅器feed packer60喷放锅blow tank61喷放池blow pit62立式连续蒸煮器vertical continuous digester63横管式连续蒸煮器horizontal tubular continuous digester64斜管式连续蒸煮器inclined tubular continuous digester65汽蒸室steam chamber66低压给料器low pressure feeder67高压给料器high pressure feeder68格仓转子给料器pocket type feeder69螺旋给料器screw feeder70料塞(横管式连续蒸煮器的)chip plug or feed plug(for horizontal tubular continuous digester)71排料器discharger of continuous digester72喷放阀blow valve73冷喷放cold blow off74磨木机grinder75连续磨木机continuous grinder76间歇磨木机intermittent grinder77水压磨木机hydraulic grinder78袋式磨木机pocket grinder79双袋式水压磨木机dual-pocket type hydraulic grinder80套缸型袋式磨木机grinder with sliding pocket81压力磨木机pressure grinder82库式磨木机magazine grinder83链式磨木机chain grinder84单链C磨木机single-chain grinder85双链式磨木机dual-chain grinder86杠杆式磨木机lever grinder87环式磨木机ring type grinder88磨石grind-stone89陶瓷磨石 ceramic grind-stone90磨石锐度sharpness of grind-stone91磨木机浆坑grinder pit92刻石装置burring device of grind-stone93刻石锉轮burr (grindstone dresser)94盘磨机disc refiner95木片洗涤机chip washer96磨盘(盘磨机的)refiner disc97动盘(盘磨机的)rotating plate of disc refiner98定盘(盘磨机的)stationary plate of disc refiner99磨片(盘磨机的)disc refiner plate100磨纹(盘磨机磨盘的)grooved pattern of disc refiner plate101单动盘磨机single rotating disc refiner102双动盘磨机double rotating disc refiner103三盘单动盘磨机triple disc refiner104洗浆机pulp washer105浓缩机thickener (decker)106挤浆机washing press (for pulp)107稀释因子dilution factor108洗浆的置换比displacement ratio of pulp washing109洗浆池drainer110鼓式真空洗浆机drum type vacuum washer111水平带式真空洗浆机horizontal belt type vacuum washer112鼓式压力洗浆机drum type pressure washer113鼓式重力自吸洗浆机drum type gravity suction washer114筛环式扩散洗涤机ring screen diffusion washer115多段逆流洗涤系统multi-stage counter-current washing system 116多盘式真空过滤机disc type vacuum filter117螺旋挤浆机screw press washer118双辊挤浆机twin-roll press washer119双鼓挤浆机Eccentric drum press washer120圆网浓缩机cylinder decker121侧压浓缩机open vat type pressure thickener122双圆浓缩机double mould thickener123夹网浓缩机twin(double) wire thickener/washer124筛浆机screen125筛板screen plate126合格浆料accepted pulp127粗渣reject128筛孔screen hole129筛缝screen cut, screen slot130筛板开孔率percentage perforation of screen plate131离心筛centrifugal screen132A型离心筛centrifugal screen model A133B型离心筛centrifugal screen model B134C型离心筛centrifugal screen model C135CX型离心筛centrifugal screen model CX136压力筛pressure screen137旋翼筛pressure screen with rotary foils or vanes138内（外）流式旋翼筛inward (outward)-flow pressure screen139双鼓旋翼筛double drum pressure screen with rotary foils140级（纸浆净化的）screening or cleaning stage of accepted stock 141段（纸浆筛选净化的）screening or cleaning stage of reject stock142增压型两级串联单鼓压力筛pressure-gain type singe-drum pressure screen for screening in series143旋鼓式压力筛rotary drum type pressure screen144卧式压力筛pressure screen with horizontal shaft145螺旋除节机worm knotter146内(外)流振动筛inward (outward)-flow vibrating screen147低频振槽式圆筛rotary screen with low frequency vibrating trough 148低频振鼓式圆筛rotary screen with low frequency vibrating drum 149高频振槽式圆筛rotary screen with high frequency vibrating trough 150高频振鼓式圆筛high frequency rotary screen151低频振膜式平筛diaphragm screen152高频振框式平筛high frequency vibrating screen153低频框式除节机vibrating knotter154沉砂盘sandtable, sandtrap, riffler155涡流除渣器vortex cleaner156锥形除渣器conical vortex cleaner157逆向除渣器reverse vortex cleaner158高浓除渣器high consistency stuff cleaner159立式离心除渣机vertical centrifugal cleaner160漂白段bleaching stage161漂浆机tub bleacher162洗鼓wash drum163漂白塔bleaching tower164混合器mixer165双辊混合机double shaft mixer166盘式浆绷混合器disc type chlorine mixer167静态混合器static mixer168喷射式氯水混合器chlorine water injector169石灰乳氯化器chlorinator170收缩管式二氧化氯混合器converging tube mixer for chlorine dioxide 171氯化塔chlorination tower172升降流式二氧化氯漂白塔up-flow down-flow chlorine dioxide bleaching tower173碱处理塔alkali extraction tower174酸处理塔acid souring tower175置换漂白displacement bleaching176置换漂白塔displacement bleaching tower 177碎解slushing178碎浆机pulp slusher, pulp shredder, pulper 179刀辊式碎浆机bealing pulper, pulping beater 180水力碎浆机hydrapulper181连续式水力碎浆机continuous hydrapulper182捻绳除杂装置ragger183间歇式水力碎浆机batch type hydrapulper184高浓水力碎浆机high consistency hydrapulper185打浆beating, refining186打浆机beater187磨浆机refiner188细纤维化fibrillation189润胀swelling190槽式打浆机tub beater, hollander beater191调压式打浆机adjustable pressure beater192连续式打浆机Continuous beater193半浆机breaker beater194圆柱磨浆机cylindrical drum refiner195锥形磨浆机conical refiner196大锥度磨浆机wide angle refiner197内循环锥形磨浆机refiner with internal recirculation198疏解机deflaker, fiberizer, defiberizer199高频硫解机 high frequency deflaker200转鼓式纤维分离机drum fiberizer201复式纤维分离筛选机combined deflaker-screen202废纸的洗涤脱墨displacement washing-deinking of waste paper 203废纸的浮选脱墨floatation deinking of waste paper204浮选槽floatation deinking cell205双锥除渣器vortex cleaner with cones in series206浆泵stock pump207低浓浆泵low consistency stock pump208中浓浆泵medium consistency stock pump209高浓浆泵high consistency stock pump210贮浆池pulp (stock) chest211卧式贮浆池horizontal stock chest212立式贮浆池vertical stock chest213方浆池square or rectangular channel-less stock chest214涡轮式推进器turbo-impeller215螺旋浆式循环搅拌器propeller-agitator216湿抄机wet machine217浆板机pulp machine218成形机forming machine219湿抄机成形辊forming roll of wet machine or forming machine 220湿抄机成形压榨forming press of wet machine or forming machine 221闪急干燥flash drying222纸浆的闪急干燥器flash dryer for pulp223绒化干燥fluff drying224绒化处理fluffing of pulp225卧式多程转筒干燥器horizontal multipass rotary dryer226蒸煮废液spent liquor227黑液提取率extraction efficiency of black liquor228碱回收率efficiency of alkali recovery229红液red liquor,spent sulfite liquor230红液回收chemicals and heat recovery from red liquor231绿液green liquor232绿泥green mud233白液white liguor234白泥lime mud,white mud235苛化causticization236石灰的消化lime slaking237间歇苛化batch causticization238连续苛化continuous causticization239短管蒸发器short tube evaporator240长管液膜蒸发器long tube film type evaporator241多程蒸发器multipass evaporator242板式降膜燕发器plate type falling film evaporator243强制循环蒸发器forced circulation evaporator244多效蒸发站multi-effect evaporation station245回转式碱回收炉rotary furnace for alkali recovery246喷射式碱回收炉spray type recovery furnace247黑液喷枪black liquor spray gun248流化床化学品回收系统fluosolid system for chemical recovery249流化床燃烧炉fluidized-bed reactor250化学品回收炉的垫层cher bed in chemical recovery furnace251喷雾式二氧化硫冷却系统spray type cooling system for sulfur dioxide 252二氧化硫洗涤塔sulfur dioxide scrubber253圆盘蒸发器cascade evaporator254文丘里蒸发洗涤器venturiscrubber255静电除尘器electrostatic precipitator256苛化器causticizer257连续苛化器Continuous causticizer258鼓式消化器drum type lime slaker259石灰消化分离器continuous lime slaker260绿(白)液澄清器green (white) liquor clarifier261白液压力过滤器white liguor pressure filter262沉渣洗涤器mud thickener263白泥真空洗涤机lime (white) mud vacuum washer264带式白液过滤机belt filter for white liquor265石灰转窑rotary lime kilnC造纸机械设备1成浆perfect stuff2供浆系统stock supply system3成浆池machine chest4配浆stock prbportioning5配浆箱stock proportioning box, stock proportioner6鼓式配浆箱rotor type stock proportioner:7孔板式配浆箱orifice type stock proportioner8纸浆浓度控制器stock consistency controller9刀式浓度控制器blade type stock consistency controller10斜槽式浓度控制器flow channel type stock consistency controller 11旋杯式浓度控制器rotary cup type stock consistency controller 12转子式浓度控制器rotor type stock consistency -controller13浮动弯管式浓度控制器counter-balanced resistance tube type stock consistency controler14光学浓度控制器Cptical stock consistency controller15游离度控制器stock freeness controller16除气器deculator17旋涡真空分离器vortex separator18除渣器汇集筒radially arranged cleaner battery19松香锅rosin cooking tank, size cooker20脉冲衰减器attenuator21浆量调节阀stoke control valve22葱头阀onion valve23造纸机冲浆泵fan pump of paper machine24造纸机高位浆箱stablizing head tank of paper machine, stuff box25造纸机流送系统approach flow system of papar machine26絮聚(纤维的)flocculation (of fibres)27解絮deflocculation28絮团floc29纤维网络fibre network30浆流的临界浓度critical consistency of stock flow31浆流的临界流速critical velocity of stock flow32浆流的极限浓度extreme consistency of stock flow33高强度微湍动high intensity micro-turbulence34造纸机paper machine35纸板机board machine36流浆箱flow box, head box37成形器former38成形网forming wire ,forming fabric39造纸机的成形部forming (wire) section (part) of paper machine40造纸机的压榨部press section (part) of machine41造纸机的湿段wet end of paper machine42造纸机的干燥部dryer section (part) of paper machine43造纸机的传动部driving part of paper machine44造纸机的电气驱动部electical transmission section of paper machine 45造纸机的干段dry end of paper machine46长网造纸机fourdrinier machine47圆网造纸机cylinder machine, vat machine48夹网造纸机twin-wire former papeeer machine49多长网造纸机multiple fourdrinier paper machine50多圆网纸板机multi-cylinder board machine51开式引纸造纸机open-draw paper machine52闭式引纸造纸机paper machine with pick-up transfer53自接纸造纸机lick-up machine54大直径单缸长网造纸机fourdrinier machine with Yankee dryer55混合式造纸机combination machine56干法造纸机air-laid paper machine57左、右手机left-or right-handed machine58单烘缸圆网造纸机cylinder machine with yankee dryer59毛纸幅宽untrimmed web width60横缩率cross directional wet shrinkage61网宽wire width, machine width62轨距centre distance of sole plates of machine63造纸机用织物paper machine clothing64造纸机车速paper machine speed65造纸机工作车速working speed of paper machine66造纸机设计车速design speed of paper machine67造纸机的结构车速structural limiting speed of paper machine68爬行车速creeping or crawling speed69辊筒平衡车速dalacing speed of roll70引纸threading71纸幅移送paper web transfer72开式移送open transfer73开式牵引open draw74闭式移送no-draw transfer75舔移lick up76吹移blowing (pneumatic) pick-up77吸移suction pick-up78毛毯felt79纸的临界水分critical moisture content of paper80面层top liner81里层back liner82次面层under liner83中间层middle (of board),medium84层间结合plybond (of paper)85开敞式流浆箱open type flowbox86淌浆箱open flowbox with apron87密闭式流浆箱closed type flowbox88气垫式流浆箱air-cushion type flowbox89逞流式流浆箱direct delivered flow headbox, tydraulic flowbox90二级流浆箱secondary headbox91布浆器flow spreader, flow distributor92扩展流道布浆器tapered duct distributor93中间进浆多支管布浆器multiple-branching manifold with centralfeed94多重对分布浆器multiple coupled-branching flow distributor95错流布浆器cross flow distributor96锥形总管布浆器tapered flow header97传动侧driving side98操作侧tending side99匀浆元件rectfying device100节扩流道converging-thro-ttling and diverging flow channel101流浆箱挡板flowbox baffle102排栅guiding fence103导流棒guiding bar104导流片组battery of guiding vanes105孔板perforated plate106台阶扩散器step diffusor107管束tube bank108流浆箱溢流率percentage overflow of paper machine flowbox109流浆箱浆池flowbox pond110匀浆辊rectifier roll111孔辊perforated rectifier roll, holey roll112喉辊throat roll113闸辊slice roll114波迹效应(匀浆辊的)wake effect (of holey roll)115挠性导流板flexible guide plate116流浆箱锥形布浆器回流率percentage circulating flow of lapered flow header117裙布apron118流浆箱驼蜂hump bottom of flowbox119上浆装里slice120直立闸板上浆装置straight slice121唇板slice lip122唇缘slice lip strip123喷浆缝开度slice opening124斜闸板inclined slice125敛唇式上浆装置converging slice, projection slice,nozzle slice126突唇式上浆装置nozzle slice for pressure formation127浆网速比speed ratio of stock jetrelatedto wire128流浆箱喷射角sliec jet angle129着网角angle of projection130速度成形velocity formation131压力成形pressure formation132层上成形formation on the formed ply133泄水drainage134积层(纤维的)fibre mat135纤维沉积fibre deposition136纤维定向fibre orientation137细微物质fines138细小纤维debris139纤维比体积specific volume of fibre140纤维比表面积specific surface area of fibre141纤维留着率fibre retention142细料留着率fine retention143长网成形器fourdrinie former, fourdrinier144网案wire table145脱水dewatering146网目mesh147平织(网或毯的)plain weave (of wire or felt)148三丝网triple wire149斜纹织法(网或毯的)longerimp weave,twill weavue (of wire or felt)150捻织网twist weave wire151网案长度length of wire table152成形网的工作行程段working run of forming wire (fabric)153成形网的回程段return run of forming wire (fabric)154成形区(成形器上的)forming zone (on the former)155脱水区(成形器上的)dewatering zone (on the former)156水线dry line157自由表面(网上纸料的)free surface of the stock on the forming wire (fabric) 158跳浆spouting159水印watermark160黑水印cameo161纤维的比例沉积proportional deposition of fibre162纤维的选择性沉积selective deposition of fibre163冲刷作用wash-off action164网案的摇振shaking of wire table165摇振强度wire shaking intensity166两段同步摇振synchronous duplex shaking of wire-able167圆网成形器cylinder former168夹网成形器twin-wire former169短网成形器short-wire former170网槽成形器vat former171真空圆网成形器suction (vacuum) cylinder former172压力圆网成形器pressure cylinder former173抽气式圆网成形器vat former with extracting mould174网辊成形器roll former175水平夹网成形器horizontal twin-wire former176直立夹网成形器vertical twin-wire former177曲面夹网成形器convex twin-wire former178上成形器on-top former179夹网薄纸成形器twin-wire tissue former180网膜wire moutd181胸辊breast roll182成形板forming board183成形箱forming box184案辊table roll185脱水板foil186挡水板deflector on the fourdrinier187案辊效应table roll effect188导向板deflector on the vertical twinwire former189湿吸箱wet suction box190吸水箱suction box on the former, flat box191摆动吸水箱oscillating flat box192履带式吸水箱belt type flat box193摇振箱wire shake194饰面辊dandy roll195帘纹水印辊taid dandy roll196网笼cylinder mould197网鼓wire drum (roll)198伏辊Couch or couch roll199真空伏辊suction couch roll200沟纹伏辊grooved couch roll201伏辊压榨couch press202伏辊压榨一辊upper couch roll of the couch press (jacketed top couch roll) 203上伏辊lump-breaker roll, lump roll, top couch roll204驱网辊wire-turning (-driving) roll205回头辊return roll206回头辊压榨drum roll press207挤水辊压榨extraction press208导网(毯)辊wire (felt) roll209引纸辊paper (leading) roll210舒展辊spreader roll211弧形辊curved roll212动力衬网power fabric213定幅装置deckle214定幅带deckle strap215定幅板deckle board216定幅喷水管deckle shower217定边带deckle band218切边水针trimming squirt219引纸水针cut-off squirt220第一导网辊wash roll, doctor roll221上导网辊break back roll, end roll222冲纸喷水管knock-off shower223刮刀doctor224摆动刮刀oscillating doctor225蜂巢式真空辊cell type suction roll226箱式真空辊box type suction roll227白水white water228白水盘white water tray229网槽vat230活动弧形板式网槽vat with adjustable curved flow channel 231顺流式网槽uniflow vat, direct flow vat232逆流式网槽counter flow vat233吸水刮刀suction slice, auto slice234换网装置wire-changing device235移出式换网装置roll-out type wire-changing device236套网式换网装置rapi-drape type wire-changing device237悬臂式换网装置cantilever type wire changing deviec238C形机架(成形器的)C-frame (of former)239网架wire carriage-hanger240网车wire dolly241展网横杆wire pole242换网托杆porter bar243网下白水坑wire pit244网外白水坑white water pit245伏辊损纸池couch pit246白水井white water well (silo)247成形辊(夹网成形器的)forming roll (on the twin-wire former) 248成形喷水管forming shower249管辊tubular roll250张紧器stretcher251张力控制器、张力装置tension controller, tension device 252校正器guide, guiding device253纸边校正器edge position controller254压榨press255夹区nip256压区nip (of press rolls)257压区宽度nip width258压榨道(组)数(造纸机压榨部的)number of presses in the press section of paper machine259双辊压榨two-roll press260多压区压榨multiple-nip press, compound press 261压区压强nip pressure262作辊面宽working width of roll face263线压linear pressure264普通压榨plain press265普通压辊plain press roll266石辊stone roll267花岗石辊granite roll268人造石辊artificial stone roll269压区进侧incoming side of nip270压区中心midnip271压区出侧outgoing side of nip272压区的侧向lateral direction of press nip273压区的垂直向vertical direction of press nip274侧向流压榨lateral flow press275垂直流压榨vertical flow press276正压榨straight through press277反压榨reverse press278倒压榨inverse press279真空压辊suction press roll280真空压区suction press nip281吸风压榨air bleed press282衬网压榨fabric press283网套压榨shrink fabric press284沟纹压辊grooved press roll,vented press roll285沟纹压区grooved press nip286盲孔压辊blind drilled press roll287盲孔压区blind drilled press nip288双毛毯压榨double-felt press289热压榨hot press290蒸汽箱(加热纸幅的)steam box (for web heating)291托辊压榨pressure roll press292托辊pressure roll293电热压榨electrical hot press294分压榨divided press295延时压榨long dwelling time press, widened nip press 296高冲量压榨high impuse press297宽压区压榨wide (extended) nip press298压溃crushing299蹭皮(纸幅的)skinning of the web300剥离角take off ankle301剥离功work of take off302粘点picking point303自愈效应self-recovering effect304舔移装置lick-up transfer apparatus305吹移管blow pipe for pick-up transfer306吹移箱blow box for pick-up transfer307压纸辊(造纸机压榨部的)holding roll, air roll308舔移双毛毯压榨装置lick-up doubie press apparatus 309舔移双毛毯反压榨装置lick-up double-felt reverse press 310尾辊tail roll311吸移装置suction transfer apparatus312吸移辊suction pick-up roll, suction transfer roll313吸移箱suction box for pick-up transfer314预压榨primary press, baby press315递纸压榨transfer press316毛毯洗涤felt conditioning317毛毯压榨wringer press318毛毯冲洗喷管felt shower319打毯器felt whipper320毛毯吸水箱felt suction box321喷吸盒式洗毯器moving shoe type conditioner322毛毯洗涤喷头ocsillating felt conditioning jet323刮板槽型毛毯洗涤装置scraper board for felt washing324针辊压榨needle press325平滑压榨smoothing press326压纹压榨marking press327施胶压榨sizing press328牵引压榨draw press329湿压水印machine imprinted watermsrk330中高camber, crown, crowning331中高辊crowned roll332中固辊roll with shell shrink-fitted at middle333心轴辊roll with shell supported at ends334中凹辊concave roll335可控抗挠辊 Controllable anti-deflection roll336浮动辊swimming roll337可控中高辊controllable crown roll338静压轴承辊press roll with shell supported on static bearings339剥纸喷管(嘴)take-off air jet340托纸器paper-carrying roll341软套式弧形辊curved roll with flexible sleeve342水润软套式弧形辊curved roll with water lubricated sleeve343分节式弧形辊curved roll with segmental sleeves344变弧度弧形辊variable bow roll345弧形杆curved bar, spreader, spreader bar346压纹装置marking device347压纹辊marking roll348加压升降机构(压辊的)loading and lifting mechanism (of press roll) 349湿损纸输送器wet broke conveyer350接触干燥(纸的)contact drying of paper351烘缸干燥(纸的)cylinder drying of paper352气流干燥(纸的)air drying of paper353热风干燥(纸的)hot air stream drying of paper354穿透干燥(纸的)air through drying of paper355辐射干燥(纸的)radiant drying of paper356微波干燥(纸的)microwave drying of paper357红外干燥(纸的)infrared drying of paper358悬挂干燥(纸的)festoon drying (loft drying) of paper359干燥率(纸的)drying rate of paper360蒸发干燥率(造纸机干燥部的)evaporation drying rate of paper machine dryer section361产纸量千燥率(造纸机的)production drying rate of paper machine362前干燥部pre-dryer section363后干燥部after-dryer section364烘缸cylinder dryer365光泽烘缸glazing dryer366烘纸缸paper dryer367引纸烘缸lead dryer, bady dryer368夹层供缸jacket dryer, double shell dryer369沟槽供缸cylinder dryer with condensate collecting channel370冷缸sweat dryer, cooling dryer371烘毯缸felt dryer372沟槽大烘缸grooved yankee dryer373起皱烘缸creping dryer374汽头steam joint, rotary joint (for pulp and paper machinery)375冷缸水头water joint of the cooling dryer376序斗dipper377虹吸管(烘缸的)siphon of cylinder dryer378固定虹吸管(烘缸的)stationary siphon of cylinder dryer379回转虹吸管(烘缸的)rotary or revolving siphon of cylinder dryer380凝水扰动片spoiler bar for dryer condensate381吹过汽blow-through steam382烘缸温度曲线dryer temperature curve383烘缸排列方式arrangement of cylinder dryers384烘缸供汽分组steam supply groupings of cylinder dryers385烘缸传动分组drive groupings of cylinder dryers386烘缸有效面积effective dryer surface area387烘缸供汽排水系统steam-condensate system of cylinder dryers388单毯配置single felting arrangement of cylinder dryer section, snake felting 389并联供汽排水系统parallel type steam-condensate system390分组串联供汽排水系统cascade type steam-condensate system391循环供汽系统recirculation type steam supply system392单缸循环供汽系统injector-circulation steam supply system393水气分离器steam separator394闪蒸箱flash tank395热风烘毯缸air dryer for felt396中间烘毯缸intervenient felt dryer397真空烘缸干毯部induced draft dryer section398袋区(烘缸干燥部的)pocket zone of clinder dryer section399袋区通风装置pocket ventilation device400袋区通风管pecket ventilation duct401热风横吹系统pocket injection ventilation system402热风烘毯辊felt drying roll403真空热风烘毯缸hot air suction dryer for felt404清扫刮J cleaning doctor405引纸刮刀cut-off doctor406起皱刮刀creping doctor407弹性刮刀flexible doctor408汽罩hood409全封闭汽罩totally enclosed hood410开式汽罩open hood411弹簧引纸辊spring roll412跳动导辊dancing fell or paper roll413湿润引纸辊sweat roll414热风干燥器air dryer415悬挂干燥器festoon dryer416穿透干燥器air through dryer417外压式穿透干燥器air through dryer with outside plenum418高速冲击热风干燥器high velocity impingement air dryer419气浮式热风干燥器air floating dryer420自平衡式热风干燥器self-balanced air floating dryer421互平衡式热风干燥器mutual-balanced air floating dryer422多程水平烘房multipass horizontal air dryer423热风吹毯系统felt air system424汽罩通风系统hood ventilation system425纸条割刀web tail cutting knife426引纸绳系统threading rope carrier system427引纸带threading tape428烘缸开式齿轮传动系统open gear drive of cylinder dryers429烘缸齿箱系统closed gear drive of cylinder dryers430传动分部driving section431造纸机的分部车速sectional speeds of paper machine driving sections432造纸机传动分部相对车速比relative sectional speeds of paper machine driving sections433造纸机的传动速比范围operating speed ratio of paper machine434正常运转负荷常数(NRI常数)normal running load constant435推荐传动能力常数(RDC常数)recommended driving capacity constant 436横轴传动counter shaft drive437纵轴传动line shaft drive438纵轴机组传动line shaft drive with M-G set439天轴纵轴传动overhead line shaft drive440地轴纵轴传动ground drive441底层纵轴传动basement line shaft drive442纵轴汽轮机传动line shaft drive with steam turbine443调速槽轮vari-pitch sheave for sectional speed adjustment444三角带调速装置v-belt drive for sectional speed adjustment445锥轮调速装置cone-pulley drive for sectional speed adjustment446差动齿箱调速装置differential gear drive for sectional speed adjustment 447纵轴可控硅传动line shaft drive with thyristor speed control448分部传动sectional drive with multiple motors449可控硅分部传动sectional drive with thyrister speed regulation450单(双)闭环可控硅分部传动single(double) loop thyristor sectional drive 451电气驱动系统动态精度kinetic accuracy of electrical transmission system 452电气驱动系统静态精度static accuracy of electrical transmission system 453白水回收设备saveall454沉淀式白水回收设备sedimentation saveall455锥形沉淀塔conical saveall456飘浮式白水回收设备floatation saveall457真空飘浮式白水回收设备vacuum type floatation saveall458斜网白水回收机inclined wire saveall459圆网白水回收机wire drum saveall460双鼓型白水回收机double drum saveall461间歇转动式圆网白水回收机intermittent revolving drum saveall462真空过滤式白水回收机vacuum filtration saveallD整饰完成机械设备1表面施胶surface sizing2压光calendering3卷取reeling,winding4湿润dampening5选纸sorting6施光glazing, polishing7毛刷施光brush polishing8摩擦施光friction glazing9隧石磨光flint glazing10表面卷取surface winding11心轴卷取centre winding12热光泽hot rolling13蒸汽光泽加工steam finish14纵切slitting15横切cross cutting16剪切shear cut17割切slitting cut18压切score cut19水切jet cut20翻选overhauling, slip sorting21扇选fanning22卷纸机reeler23圆筒卷纸机drum reeler, pope reeler24卷纸缸reel cylinder, reeling drum25卷纸辊reel spool26原纸卷parent roll, jumbo roll, mill roll27卷心core28卷心轴core shaft29复卷机winder30重卷机rewinder31下引纸复卷机underfeed winder32上引纸复卷机overfeed winder33无轴型复卷机shaftless winder34复(重)卷机底辊winder (rewinder) drum,supporting roll35双辊复卷机double drum winder36单辊复卷机single drum winder37双侧复卷机duplex winder38纵切机slitter39砧辊anvil roll,platen roll40压纸辊(复卷机的)rider roll of drum winder41退纸unwinding42退纸架backstand, unwind stand43无轴退纸架，haftless unwind44移动退纸架movable backstand45恒张力装置constant tension device46张力辊tension roll47轴式卷纸机upright reeler48电动卷纸机motor driven centre winding reeler49回转臂式卷纸机revolving-arm centre winding reeler50回转臂式退纸架revolving-arm unwinding stand51纸幅(边)定位装置web edge position control device52压光机calender53纸机压光机machine calender54超级压光机supercalender55超级压光(纸的)supercalendering of paper56压纸辊(压光机的)catch roll of calender57纸粕辊bowl (of supercalender)> fiber roll58纸粕辊填料filling of bowl59飞辊flying roll60顶辊(压光机的)top roll of calender61底辊(压光机的)bottom roll or king roll of calender62压光机第二下辊second bottom roll or queen roll of calender 63压光辊calender roll64冷铸辊chilled iron roll65平滑压光机breaker calender66双辊平滑压光机smoothing calender67平张纸压光机sheet calender68半干压光机breaker stack69光泽压光机glazing calender, gloss calender70平板光泽压光机plate glazing calender71摩擦压光机friction glazing calender72隧石磨光机flint glazer73校厚压光机thickness calender, calibrating calender74压花(纹)压光机Cmbossing calender75释压装置pressure release device76中高补偿装置crown compensator。
齐鲁工业大学 制浆原理 复习题
制浆方法分类制浆得率范围SWG -- 磨石磨木浆：95-97% RMP -- 盘磨机械浆：94-96%TMP -- 热磨机械浆：91-94% CTMP -- 化学热磨机械浆：90-93%BCTMP -- 漂白化学热磨机械浆：88-92% APMP -- 碱性过氧化氢机械浆：88-93% CMP -- 化学机械浆：85-90% SC -- 半化学浆：65-85%KP -- 硫酸盐化学浆：42-50%备料定义：贮存的原料经过一定要求的处理以满足制浆生产（蒸煮和磨浆）要求的过程。
备料目的：贮存、净化、制备合格的料片。
木材原料贮存方式：1.水上贮存2.地面贮存木材去皮目的：树皮（韧皮类树种除外）中纤维含量低、灰分和杂质含量高，在制浆中会增加药品消耗、降低纸浆质量并使废液处理困难。
稻草麦草备料目的：切断和净化稻草麦草备料方法：1.干法备料2.全湿法备料3.干湿结合法全湿法备料是目前较为先进的草类原料备料方法，主要设备是具有球形壳体的水力碎解机。
优点：a.消除飞尘，改善环境；b.降低噪音和劳动强度；c.提高草片质量；d.减少药品用量；e.提高得率、强度。
缺点：设备投资大，维修费用高，用水多，动力消耗大，生产成本高。
干湿法结合备料与连续蒸煮配套使用的优点：蒸煮得率高，纸浆强度大，均整性好，原料损耗低，自动化程度高，节省药液，劳动强度低，工作环境得以改善，成浆质量稳定。
化学法制浆的定义：采用化学方法，尽可能多地脱除植物纤维原料中使纤维粘合在一起的胞间层木素，使纤维细胞分离或易于分离，成为纸浆。
也必须使纤维细胞壁中的木素含量适当降低，同时要求纤维素溶出最少，半纤维素有相应的保留。
化学法制浆的要求：1.尽可能多地脱出植物纤维原料中使纤维黏合在一起的胞间层木素，使纤维细胞分离或易于分离；2.使纤维细胞壁中的木素含量适当降低，纤维素溶出最少，半纤维素有适当的保留（根据纸浆质量要求而定）。
烧碱法蒸煮液主要是NaOH，还有Na2CO3硫酸盐法蒸煮液主要是NaOH+Na2S，还有Na2CO3，硫酸钠，亚硫酸钠，硫代硫酸钠。
纸业专业英语词汇翻译(C7)
纸业专业英语词汇翻译(C7)纸业专业英语词汇翻译(C7)纸业专业英语词汇翻译(C7)cylinder 缸；圆网cylinder bristol 圆网纸机制光泽纸板cylinder coating 机上涂布cylinder couch 圆网伏辊cylinder cover 圆网网面cylinder dried 烘缸干燥cylinder duster 圆筒除尘机cylinder flaker 圆筒形薄木片切削机cylinder grinding machine 研磨机cylinder kraft liner 圆网纸机制牛皮浆挂面纸板cylinder mould 网笼cylinder mould machine 圆网造纸机；圆网纸板机cylinder mould spiders 网笼骨cylinder part 圆网部cylinder press （水平双网）挤浆机cylinder pressure 液压缸压力cylinder vat 圆网槽cylinder vat machine 圆网造纸机；圆网纸板机cylinder washer 圆鼓洗涤机cylinder wet machine 圆网湿抄机cylinder wire 圆网纸机用（造纸）网cylinder yankee machine 圆网单缸造纸机，杨克式圆网造纸机cylinder digester 圆筒式蒸煮器cylinder sieve 圆筛cymene 伞花素cypres 表面施胶剂（美国american cyanamide产品，商业名称）cypress(cypressus) 柏（属）cytoplasm 细胞质cable paper （电力）电缆纸cable insulating paper （绝缘）电缆纸cable making paper 电缆纸cable wrapping paper 电缆包装纸caffoy paper 含毛壁纸cake wrapping paper 糕点包装纸calender bowl paper 压光辊用纸calender-colored paper 压光机染色纸calender-dyed paper 压光机染色纸calender-pad bond paper 轻压光书写纸calender roll paper 压光辊用纸calender (surface) sized paper 压光施胶纸calendered paper 压光处理的纸张calf paper 仿革纸calico paper 布纹纸cameo paper 宝石花纹涂布纸candle paper 蜡烛包装纸candy bag paper 糖果袋纸candy cup paper 糖果杯用纸canvas note paper 布纹书写纸cap paper 有光纸capacitor (tissue) paper 电容器纸capping paper 植物防护纸car lining paper 货车包覆纸caramel paper 砂糖包装纸carbolic paper 石碳酸纸carbon paper 复写纸carbon body paper 复写纸原纸carbon raw paper 复写纸原纸carbonizing paper 复写纸原纸carbonless(copy) paper 压感复写纸carborundum paper 打光用纸，研磨纸card paper 卡片纸cardiographic paper 极图记录纸carper lining paper 地毯纸carriage pahel paper 车箱顶棚用纸板carte paper 地图纸；图表纸；记录纸cartographic paper 极图记录纸；心电图记录纸carton liner paper 纸盒衬纸carto sealing paper 纸盒衬纸case lining paper 运输包装纸cash control tape paper 现金收支记录带纸cash register paper （现金收支）票据纸casing paper 运输包装纸casket paper 帆布箱衬里用纸cast coated paper 高光泽印刷纸；涂布美术纸casting paper （塑料薄膜用）浇铸纸catalog(ue) paper 目录纸catridge paper 封面纸；绘图纸catridge tube paper 弹筒纸celery bleaching paper 芹菜培育纸celluloid paper 赛璐珞原纸cement bag paper 水泥袋纸cement sack paper 水泥袋纸ceramic transfer paper 陶瓷贴花纸chalk transfer paper 白垩涂布纸chalk overlay paper 白垩纸chancery paper 办公纸charcoal (drawing) paper 木炭画纸chart paper 图表纸check paper 支票用纸chemical paper 化学浆制成的纸张chemical fiber paper 化学纤维纸chemical filter paper 化学滤纸chemical pressure sensitive paper 压感复写纸chemical reaction recording paper 化学反应记录纸cheque paper 支票纸china paper 手工竹纸china transfer paper 中国复写纸chintz paper 模造纸chloride photographic paper 氯化银照相纸chlorobromide paper 氯溴化合物照相纸chocolate dipping paper 巧克力包装纸chromatic paper 彩色磨光纸chromo paper 彩色纸chromotographic paper 色谱分析纸，色层分析纸cigar band paper 雪茄衬带用纸cigar wrapping paper 雪茄烟纸cigarette paper 卷烟纸cigarette filter paper 卷烟滤嘴纸cigarette mouthpiece paper 烟嘴纸cigarette tip paper 烟嘴纸clay-coated paper 白土涂布纸clay-filled paper 白土填料纸clay-sack paper 白土袋纸cloth-backed paper 布衬纸张cloth-centered paper 布纹夹层纸cloth-faced paper 布面纸张cloth-lined paper 布衬纸张cloud paper 云彩花纸clupak paper 伸性(牛皮)纸clupak kraft paper 伸性牛皮纸clupak newsprint paper 伸性新闻纸coarse paper 低级纸coat paper 薄涂布纸coated paper 涂布纸，涂料纸coated art paper 涂布美术纸coated bond paper 涂布证券纸coated book paper 涂布书籍纸coated chart paper 频率感应记录纸coated glassine paper 半透明涂布纸coated intaglio printing paper 涂布凹版印刷纸coated lithograph paper 石版印刷涂布纸coated offset printing paper 涂布胶版印刷纸coated printing paper 印刷涂布纸coating paper 涂布纸coating base paper 涂布原纸cobalt chloride test paper 氯化钴试纸cockle(d) paper 皱纹证券纸coffee bag paper 咖啡袋纸coffee filtering paper 咖啡过滤纸coil paper 线圈纸coil insulating paper 线圈绝缘纸cold press paper 冷压纸collar paper 衣领纸color cast paper 高光泽色纸color proofing paper 彩色校样纸colored paper 色纸colored creped paper 彩色皱纹纸colored crystal paper 彩色晶纸colored poster 彩色标语纸colored printing paper 彩色印刷纸colored school paper 教材用色纸colored telephotographic paper 彩色传真纸colored writing paper 彩色书写纸combustible paper 燃烧性卷烟纸common foolscap paper 低级书写纸communitation paper 通讯用纸composite paper 复合纸computer paper 静电感光复印纸；电子计算机传递纸computer print out paper 计算机显印用纸computing machine paper 计算机用纸concrete curing paper 水泥养生纸concrete retarding paper 水泥养生用纸condenser paper 电容器纸conditioned paper 调湿纸张conductive paper 导电纸cone paper 锥形管状纸，纱管纸congo blue paper 刚果蓝试纸congo red paper 刚果红试纸construction paper 小学生图画用纸continuous paper 卷筒纸continuous tone paper 电子传真纸converted paper 加工纸converting paper 加工原纸cookery paper 烘焙用纸coordinate paper 座标纸cop tube paper 纱管纸copper plate paper 铜版纸copper printing paper 铜版纸copy paper(for printing) 压感复印纸copy printing paper 压感复印纸copying paper 拷贝纸cord paper 纸绳纸core paper 纸芯纸core disc paper 纸芯纸cork paper 软木纸correspondence paper 信纸corrugated paper 瓦楞纸corrugating paper 瓦楞纸cotton paper 棉纤维纸cotton batting paper 棉垫包装纸cotton rag paper 破布纤维纸counter roll paper 计算机用纸卷coupon paper 票据纸cover paper 书皮纸cover paper(for plastic laminate) 塑料层压板面纸crayon (drawing) paper 蜡笔画纸cream paper 乳色纸cream laid paper 乳色条纹书写纸cream wave paper 白色仿牛皮纸crepe(d) paper 皱纹纸crepe(d) duplex kraft paper 皱纹双层牛皮纸crepe(d) kraft paper 皱纹牛皮纸creping paper 皱纹纸crinkled paper 皱纹纸crocodile leather paper 鳄鱼皮纸crocus paper 砂纸crosssection paper 方格纸cruddy paper 压花纸crumpled paper 压皱纸crystal paper 晶纹纸culled paper 次品纸张cultural paper 文化用纸culture paper 文化用纸cup paper 纸杯纸curcuma paper 姜黄试纸curl paper 卷发纸curling paper 卷发纸curly paper 卷发纸currency paper 钞票纸curtain coated paper 涂布窗帘纸cutlery paper 防锈纸cyano paper 晒图纸cyclostyle paper 复写蜡纸原纸cylinder paper 纸管cylindrical filter paper 滤纸筒camel process 磨木程序自控系统celdecor-pomolio process c.p.氯碱法制浆charge transfer process 复制电荷传递法chemical (pulpjng) process 化学方法（制浆）chemi-groundowood process 化学机械方法（制浆），化学磨木（制浆）chlorination process 氯化法chlorination pulping process 氢化法制浆；氯碱法制浆cold soda process 冷碱法（制浆）columbia southern process c.s.二氧化氯制备continuous process 连续过程，连续方法cooking process 蒸煮过程，蒸煮方法copeland process （废液）流态化回收法corona controlled process 电晕复制法counter current 逆流处理cross recovery process （废液）交叉回收法cusi process 苏打法蔗渣蒸煮captive pulp 成捆浆板chemical pulp 化学浆chemical conversion pulp 化学加工纸浆chemical wood pulp 化学木浆chemi-groundwood pulp 化学磨木浆chemi-mechanical pulp 化学机械浆chemi-thermomechanial pulp 预热法木片化学磨木浆chip mechanical pulp 木片磨木浆coarse pulp 粗浆cold caustic steep pulp 冷碱浸渍纸浆cold groundwood pulp 冷法磨木浆commercial pulp 商品浆converting pulp 加工纸浆cotton pulp 棉浆crocker pulp 湿磨木浆curlated pulp 搓揉的浆料curled pulp 扭曲的浆料caustic chlorine pulping 氯化法制浆chemical pulping 化学法制浆chlorine pulping 氯化法制浆cold soda pulping 冷碱法制浆continuous pulping 连续制浆法conical saveall 白水回收塔candy twisting tissue 糖果包装纸capacitor tissue 电容器纸carbon tissue 复写纸carbonizing tissue 复写纸carpet tissue 地毯纸celluloid tissue 赛璐珞原纸cigarette tissue 卷烟纸cleansing tissue 拭擦纸commercial tissue 商品包装纸condenser tissue 电容器纸copy tissue 拷贝纸，复写纸copying tissue 拷贝纸，复写纸crepe tissue 皱纹纸creping tissue 薄皱纹纸cad computer aided design计算机辅助设计的缩写cbli chemistry-based leak indicator化学（法）示漏器的缩写cc consistency controller浓度调节器的缩写cfd computational fluid dynamics计算流体动力学的缩写ci colour index比色指数的缩写ci cofidence interval置信区间的缩写cl colored ledger彩色底板的缩写clsm confocal laser scanning microscopy共焦激光扫描显微镜的缩写cmc carboxy methylated cellulose羧甲基纤维素的缩写coms compliance optimization modeling system寻优模型系统的缩写cp chemical pulp化学浆的缩写cp chemical pure化学纯的缩写cppc coordinated phosphate/ph chemistry controller配位磷酸盐/ph调节器的缩写cr consistency regulator浓度调节器的缩写crp chloride removal process氯化物排出法的缩写csd condensate steam distillation column冷凝汽馏塔的缩写ctmp chemical treatment in terms of sujlphonation硫化期间的化学处理的缩写ctmp chemithermomechanical pulp化学热磨机械浆的缩写ctu centigrade thermal unit公制热量单位的缩写cv coefficient variation偏离系数的缩写cv crystal violet结晶紫的缩写can-sun 加昇加拿大公司的司标comer comer s.p.a 意大利卡玛公司的缩略语造纸设备ciba 汽巴精化有限公司的缩略语clariant 科莱恩公司（造纸化学品）的司标缩写chenming 山东晨鸣纸业集团股份有限公司（香港ｂ股上市公司）cppsa china paper packaging specialized association 中国造纸包装技术协会纸制品包装委员会缩写cpidc china paper industry development corporation 中国造纸开发公司的缩写cnhpia china national household paper industry association 中国造纸协会生活用纸委员会的缩写climc china national light industrial materials corporation 中国轻工物资供销（集团）总公司的缩写celgar 加拿大"月亮"牌漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆纸业专业英语词汇翻译(C7) 相关内容:。
纸张的制作过程英语小作文
纸张的制作过程英语小作文Paper is a ubiquitous material in our daily lives serving a multitude of purposes from writing and printing to packaging and decoration. The process of transforming raw materials into the sheets of paper we use every day is a fascinating one that has evolved over centuries. In this essay, we will delve into the intricate steps involved in the production of paper.The primary raw material for paper production is cellulose, a natural polymer found in the cell walls of plants. The most common sources of cellulose are wood pulp, agricultural residues such as straw and bamboo, and recycled paper. The first step in the paper-making process is the harvesting and transportation of these cellulose-rich raw materials to the paper mill.Once the raw materials arrive at the mill, they undergo a series of mechanical and chemical treatments to extract the cellulose fibers. This process begins with the pulping stage where the raw materials are broken down into a pulp. There are several methods of pulping, the most common being the mechanical, chemical, and chemi-mechanical processes.In mechanical pulping, the raw materials are physically ground, shredded, or refined to separate the cellulose fibers. This method is relatively inexpensive but results in a lower-quality pulp with shorter fiber lengths. Chemical pulping, on the other hand, uses various chemicals such as sulfite, sulfate, or soda to dissolve the lignin, a complex organic polymer that binds the cellulose fibers together. The chemical pulping process produces a higher-quality pulp with longer and stronger fibers but is more costly and environmentally taxing.The chemi-mechanical pulping process combines elements of both mechanical and chemical pulping. In this method, the raw materials undergo a mild chemical treatment followed by mechanical refining. This hybrid approach aims to strike a balance between cost-effectiveness and pulp quality.Regardless of the pulping method used, the resulting pulp is then subjected to a series of purification and bleaching steps. Impurities such as bark, dirt, and residual chemicals are removed, and the pulp is bleached to achieve the desired whiteness and brightness. Bleaching can be done using chlorine-based chemicals, oxygen-based chemicals, or a combination of both.After the pulp has been thoroughly cleaned and bleached, it is ready for the papermaking stage. This is where the pulp is transformed into the flat sheets of paper we are familiar with. The process begins by diluting the pulp with water to create a thin slurry, which is then fed onto a moving wire mesh or a Fourdrinier machine. As the water drains through the mesh, the cellulose fibers begin to mat and form a continuous wet web of paper.The wet paper web is then pressed to remove excess water and passed through a series of heated rollers to dry the paper. This drying process is crucial as it determines the final thickness, strength, and smoothness of the paper. Depending on the desired characteristics of the paper, various additives such as sizing agents, fillers, and coatings may be applied at this stage.Once the paper has been dried and finished, it is then cut, trimmed, and packaged for distribution. The specific dimensions, weight, and other physical properties of the paper are determined by the intended use, whether it be for printing, writing, packaging, or any other application.The paper-making process is not only fascinating but also a testament to human ingenuity and the ability to transform natural resources into useful products. From the harvesting of raw materials to the final packaging, each step in the production of paper requirescareful planning, precision, and technological advancements.Moreover, the paper industry has made significant strides in sustainability and environmental consciousness. The increased use of recycled paper, the development of eco-friendly pulping and bleaching methods, and the implementation of waste management systems have all contributed to the industry's efforts to minimize its environmental impact.In conclusion, the paper-making process is a complex and multifaceted operation that has evolved over centuries. By understanding the various stages involved, from pulping to papermaking, we can appreciate the remarkable feat of transforming raw materials into the ubiquitous sheets of paper that play such a vital role in our daily lives. As the demand for paper continues to grow, the paper industry must continue to innovate and adapt to meet the challenges of the future while maintaining a commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility.。
讲述制造纸的步骤英语作文
讲述制造纸的步骤英语作文Title: The Process of Papermaking。
Papermaking is a fascinating process that involves several intricate steps to transform raw materials into the versatile material we use daily. Here, we will delve into the comprehensive journey of how paper is made.1. Raw Material Selection:The journey of papermaking begins with the selection of suitable raw materials. Historically, paper was primarily made from pulped fibers derived from plants like wood, bamboo, or cotton. However, modern papermaking often incorporates recycled paper as a significant portion of the raw material to promote sustainability.2. Pulping:The selected raw materials undergo pulping, a processwhere they are broken down into fibrous form. There are two primary methods of pulping: mechanical and chemical. In mechanical pulping, the raw materials are mechanically shredded and ground to separate the fibers. On the other hand, chemical pulping involves treating the raw materials with chemicals like sulfates or sulfites to dissolve the lignin and separate the fibers.3. Cleaning and Screening:After pulping, the resulting pulp undergoes cleaning and screening processes to remove impurities such as dirt, ink, and other contaminants. This step ensures the quality and purity of the pulp before it progresses further in the papermaking process.4. Refining:The refined pulp undergoes further processing to improve its quality and consistency. This refining process involves passing the pulp through refining equipment, which mechanically treats the fibers to enhance their bondingproperties and increase paper strength.5. Additives Incorporation:Various additives may be introduced to the pulp to achieve specific characteristics in the final paper product. Common additives include fillers like clay or calcium carbonate to improve opacity and brightness, sizing agentsto control paper absorbency, and dyes or pigments for coloration.6. Forming:Once the pulp is prepared and additives are incorporated, it is ready for forming into sheets. This is typically done on a paper machine, where the pulp is spread evenly over a moving mesh screen. As the pulp passesthrough the machine, water drains away, and the fibersbegin to bond together to form a continuous sheet.7. Pressing:After forming, the newly formed paper sheet undergoes pressing to remove excess water and further consolidate the fibers. The sheet passes through a series of rollers or presses, which apply pressure to squeeze out water and create a denser paper structure.8. Drying:The pressed paper sheet is then dried to remove the remaining moisture. This is often achieved by passing the sheet through heated rollers or drying cylinders, which evaporate the water and leave behind dry paper.9. Finishing:Once dried, the paper may undergo additional finishing processes to achieve desired properties such as smoothness, gloss, or texture. This can involve calendering, coating, or surface treatments depending on the intended use of the paper.10. Cutting and Packaging:The final step in the papermaking process involves cutting the large sheets of paper into smaller, more manageable sizes and packaging them for distribution. The finished paper is then ready to be shipped and used for various purposes, from printing and writing to packaging and crafts.In conclusion, the process of papermaking is a complex yet fascinating journey that involves several distinct steps, from raw material selection to final product packaging. Each step plays a crucial role in producing high-quality paper suitable for a wide range of applications.。
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Advantages of sulfite pulping
Produce bright pulp which is easy to bleach to full brightness Produce higher yield of bleached pulp The pulp is relatively easy to refine (beat) for papermaking application
(2)More soluble bases, i.e. magnesium, sodium and ammonium, are used in sulfite pulping. By utilizing proper conditions, it is now possible to pulp wood species which are unsuitable for classic calcium acid sulfite pulping. Recovery of cooking chemicals from the calcium base system has never been practiced. There are still some technical and economic problems in recovery of cooking chemicals from Mg base and Na base.
(b)Cleavage of β-aryl ether bonds in phenolic lignin units -In kraft pulping, hydrosulfide ions are sufficiently nucleophilic to cause a cleavage -In soda pulping, alkali-stable structures are formed,e.g.the formation of β-formaldehyde elimination and proton elimination, without the cleavage at the β-C atom. -The quinone methide intermediate reacts more rapidly with SH-、S2- than with OH-,which explains the more rapid and extensive degradation of lignin by kraft pulping liquor than by soda liquor.
(C)Cleavage of β-aryl ether bonds in nonphenolic units much more slow and in the case of :
-Having α-hydroxyl group to form epoxide intermediate between Cα-Cβ -Having α-carbonyl group to form episulfide intermediate between Cβ-Cr
Disadvantages of sulfite pulping
Limited variety of species, especially for acid sulfite pulping Relatively low pulp strength Relatively sensitive to bark Some technical and economic problems in chemical recovery
4 Development Trends in Chemical Pulping
(1)Kraft process is the dominant process of chemical pulping In north America, chemical pulping accounts for 70% of the total production, of which 90% is produced by kraft process.
Cleavage of linkages of lignin structural units
(a) Cleavage of α-aryl ether and α-alkyl ether bonds in phenolic lignin unit—— very easy The cleavage leads to the formation of a quinone methide structure But α-aryl ether and α-alkyl ether bonds in nonphenolic lignin units are stable
5.Chemical Reactions during Alkaline Cooking
(1)Reactions of lignin in alkaline pulping The reactions of lignin during alkaline pulping are complex. Hydroxyl ions, acting as nucleophilic agents, bring about the cleavage of certain types of ether linkages in alkaline pulping. In kraft cookng ,the combination of hydrosulfide and sulfide ions present is less alkaline but more strongly nucleophilic than hydroxyl ions alone.
Advantages of Kraft pulping
All wood and non-wood species can belatively insensitive to bark Cooking times are relatively short Problems with pitch in the pulp are relatively small The pulp is much stronger Regeneration of chemicals and energy is efficient Side-products such as turpentine and tall-oil are valuable
Chemical Pulping
ZHAN Huaiyu
1.The Objective of Chemical Pulping
The objective of chemical pulping is to degrade and dissolve away the lignin and leave behind most of the cellulose and hemicellulose in the form of intact fibers. The raw materials are cooked with the appropriate chemicals in an aqueous solution at elevated temperature and pressure. Two principal methods: Alkaline pulping Sulfite pulping
(d)Cleavage of C-C bonds leading to a reduction or total elimination of side-chain -Cleavage of Cβ-Cγ -Cleavage of Cα-Cβ -Cleavage of Cα-Aγ
Displacement batch processes -Rapid Displacement Heating (RDH) -SuperBatch Cooking (SB) -White Liquor Impregnation (WLI) Principles of Extended Delignification Modified Cooking -Even alkali concentration profile during the whole cooking process -High HS-、S2- concentration at the stage of bulk delignification -As low as possible of solid content in the black liquor,especially at the late stage of cooking -As low as possible of the maximum temperature
2.Alkaline Pulping
(1) Soda or Soda-AQ pulping Chemicals: NaOH+Na2CO3 (small amount) AQ Suitability:hardwood, non-wood fibers (2) Kraft pulping (Sulfate pulping) Chemicals:NaOH+Na2S Suitability:softwood, hardwood,non-wood fibers “Kraft” is the Germanic word for strong. The fact that Na2SO4 is commonly used as a makeup chemical is the reason that the Kraft process is sometimes called the “sulfate process”.
(3)High efficient,low energy consumption modified kraft pulping processes are developed and practiced