初二期中测试

pay的基本用法是：
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅 的房租。 (2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我 不得不赔丢失的书款。 (3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例：Don?蒺t worry!I'll pay for you. 别 担心， 我会给你付钱的。 (4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给 我们报酬。 （5）pay money back 还钱。例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。 （6）pay off one's money还清钱。
I spent $100 on the bike. 我花了一百美元买下那辆自行车。
They spent three month touring Europe. 他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。 take 一般用it做主语，例：it take sb sometime to do sth. spend 一般是人做主语，例：I spend an hour to finish my homework. cost表示某物值什么的（价值或钱）例：The bool cost 200yuan. pay一般是人做主语，例：I pay an hour to do my homework.
@分析
以ie结尾的重读开 音节动词改ie为 y+ing
die tie
@分析 see当“看见”讲时是瞬间动词，无进行时态，但当“看”讲时可用于进行
时态。这样用的动词还有hear。 We heard the bad news．（听到） We are hearing an English lecture．（听）
take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种： (1) It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了 某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了 这条路。 (2)doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某 人多少时间。例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
b例1 Listen！Who _______the front door？ A. is knocking B. knocks on C. is knocking at D. knocked 现在进行时由is（am，are）+ doing构成，表示此时此刻或说话时正在进行的 动作。该句中listen决定了应用现在进行时态，knock at中at不能省去。 现在分词不能独立做谓语，分词前必须有be动词。 现在分词的构成： 以辅音 + y结尾的动词，现在分词形式应在y后直接+ ing，字母y不变化： cry crying, hurry hurrying 例词 现在分词构成规则 原形 work visit study come live leave stop begin swim get refer 现在分 词 working visitin g studyin g coming living leaving stoppin g beginni ng swimmin g getting referri ng dying tying 答案C b 例 2 Look, Alice ______ outside. A. are playing B. play C. playing D. is playing
@分析
一般动词+ ing
@分析来自百度文库
以e结尾的动词， 去掉e+ ing 以重读闭音节或r 音节结尾的动词， 末尾只有一个辅音 字母的词，要双写 这个辅音字母+ing
从句首look可以判断应用现在进行时态。 句中有look，listen，now，at the moment应用现在进行时态。 答案D b例 3 We ______ an important meeting now. A. have B. had C. are having D. has have表达不同含意，要用不同的时态。 have当“有”讲时，只用一般现在时态。 We have a lot of work to do． He has a little brother． have + 其他名词构成词组已失去“有”的意思时，可用于进行时态如：have sports ，have lunch，have a lecture等。 They are having an English class now． 答案C b 例4 These students ______ a new film for children in the hall now. A. see B. seeing C. are seeing D. saw
现在进行时练习 现在进行时：表示现在进行的动作句子结构：be+动词ing 时间状语：now, look, listen，It’s …o’clck, 1. What are you _________(do) now? I ___________(eat) bread. 2. It’s nine o’clock. My father_______________(work) in the office. 3. Look, the boy____________(put) the rubbish into the bin. 4. __________he__________(clean) the classroom? No, he isn’t. He____________(play). 5. Where is Mak? He___________(run) on the grass. 6. Listen, who____________(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_____________(sing) there. 将下列句子改成现在进行时 1. Tom can speak Chinese. 2. We have four lessons. 3. I watch TV every day.
cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示 “值”， 常见用法如下： (1)sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人） 多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 (2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某 事）花了（某人）多少时间。例： Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并 且不能用于被动句。
b例 5. You _____ the important things. A. do always forget B. are always forgetting C. always forgets D. are forgeting @分析 现在进行时态可用来代替一般现在时，表示说话人的某种感情，使句子更有强 烈的感情色彩，句中应有forever或always，含有“总是、一向”的意思。 The old man is always getting up early．（表达赞赏的语气） The boy is always making so much noise．（表示不满的情绪） 答案B
4. She works in a hospital.
5. Do you like this book? 6. Kitty and Ben have lunch at about twelve. 7. His father can help them. 8. Danny, open the door. 9. They watch TV in the evening. 10.What are you doing ? look,the girl is sing. 句中原点：凡是有出现look hear这类词，主语后面就跟现在进行时 这是个较为典型的例子，所以，踢出来给你看看 are they playing games？ 改为陈述句，they‘re playing games 将be动词放在主语后面
在今天的考试卷中出现了spend。spend和 cost都有花费的意思 在二十册第一课中的句子中有My Walkman cost me two hundred dollars. cost和spend到底有什么区别呢，下面我们就 来看一看吧? ?br /> cost...某物价值多少元 the book costs 2 yuan. 那本书2元钱。 spend...某人花费多少元 we spend 2 yuan buying the book. 我们花费2元买那本书。而 不能说成是 we cost 2 yuan...这是错误的。 就是说cost 的主语是物 (某物花费了多 少）。。。 spend 的主语是人 （某人花费了多少）
take spend cost pay的用法都可以表示“花费”， 但用法却不尽相同。 spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构： (1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费 时间（金钱）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 (2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花费 时间（金钱）做某事。例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了 他们两年时间。 (3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书 了。
sth. cost sb. some money sb. spend some money/time on sth./(in) doing sth. The car cost him around ten thousand US dollars. 这车花去他一万美元左右。 The error cost the company one million pounds. 这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑。 spend主语只能是人,表示".....在....上花费了....."
一．现在进行时态 1. 表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。例如: I’m doing my homework now. Listen! He is playing the piano. 2. 表示当前一段时期内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。例如: We are working on a farm these days. 二．现在进行时态的构成 它由am / is / are + 动词-ing构成,"动词-ing"这种形式叫做现在分词,其构成方法如下: 1. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。例如: listen― listening talk― talking read― reading count― counting 2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加－ing。例如: have― having write― writing take― taking make― making 但动词词尾是字母组合ee的,就不能去掉词尾e，而应直接加-ing。例如: see－seeing 3.以一个辅音字母结尾的, 中间只有一个元音字母的重读闭音节动词,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing。例如: sit― sitting put― putting begin― beginning run― running get― getting swim― swimming shop—shopping chat—chatting etc. 注意: open和listen的重读音节在前面,所以直接加-ing。