名词性从句定语从句和状语从句复习
英语句子的从句与主句
英语句子的从句与主句英语句子由一个或多个从句和/或主句组成。
从句是一个具有主语和谓语的独立句子成分,它不能单独成为一个完整的句子,而主句是一个完整的句子,可以独立地表达一个意思。
在句子中,从句与主句之间存在着一定的逻辑关系,起着承接、解释、修饰等作用。
本文将详细介绍英语句子的从句与主句的特点和使用方法。
一、从句的概述从句是一个句子成分,在英语句子中起到修饰或补充主句的作用。
根据从句在句子中的功能,可以分为三种类型:名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
1. 名词性从句名词性从句在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
常见的名词性从句有以下几种:- 主语从句:作为主语出现在句子的开头,例如:"Whether he can come to the party is still uncertain."- 宾语从句:作为宾语出现在及物动词或介词后面,例如:"I don't know what she wants."- 表语从句:作为表语出现在系动词之后,例如:"The fact is that he is not qualified for the job."- 同位语从句:作为同位语修饰某个名词,例如:"The news that he won the competition is exciting."2. 定语从句定语从句用来修饰一个名词或代词,作用相当于定语。
在句子中,定语从句通常出现在被修饰的名词之后。
例如:"The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting."3. 状语从句状语从句用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示时间、原因、条件、目的、结果等关系。
常见的状语从句有以下几种:- 时间状语从句:表示时间关系,例如:"I will call you when I arrive at the airport."- 原因状语从句:表示原因关系,例如:"She didn't come to the party because she was sick."- 条件状语从句:表示条件关系,例如:"If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home."- 目的状语从句:表示目的关系,例如:"I bought this book so that I can improve my English."- 结果状语从句:表示结果关系,例如:"He studied hard, so he passed the exam."二、主句与从句的连词从句与主句之间需要使用一些连词来引导,以表明从句在句子中的功能和逻辑关系。
语法讲座之九名词性从句和定语从句和状语从句
语法讲座之九:名词性从句和定语从句和状语从句一、名词性从句名词性从句指主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
(一)主语从句1.主语从句的引导词:wh- / that 。
例如:That he will accept the offer seems unlikely.That he always studies hard is known to us.What they are after is profit.Who will go with you hasn’t been decided yet.2. 如果主语太长或为了保持句子的平行,绝大部分主语从句用it作形式主语,将真正的主语从句放在后面。
例如:①It is + 形容词+that②It is + 名词+that③It is + 动词+thatIt is likely that it is going to rain. ①It is no use that you go there in person. ②It is known that football is played all over the world. ③(二) 宾语从句宾语从句的引导词:wh- / that 。
例如:We must find out who did all this.He told me (that) he could do it for me.He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.注意:if 和whether在引导宾语从句时的特殊用法①whether or not / whether…or not 连用是固定搭配,这时,whether 不能用if来替换。
②如果宾语从句是否定句时,只能用if而不能用whether来引导。
例如:I don’t care if it doesn’t rain.I don’t care if the factory doesn’t have my pay raised.(三) 表语从句表语从句的引导词:wh- / that 。
高考语法之定语从句和状语从句
高考语法之定语从句和状语从句复合句:名词性从句定语从句状语从句复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句构成的句子。
从句只用作句子的一个成分,不能独立。
根据从句在句子中的作用,可分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)三类。
(一)名词性从句复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。
名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句。
其关联词有:连接词that,whether;连接代, what, whatever, which, whichever, who, whom, whose,whoever, whomever;连接副词 when, where, how, why 等。
1. 主语从句及形式主语在句子中充当主语的从句称为主语从句,位于句首主语的位置。
当主语从句位于句首时,引导从句的连接词一律不能省略,其谓语动词通常用早�d。
引导主语从句的连接词分以下三种:1) that, whether引导主语从句,只起连接作用,在句中不充当成分。
连接词that 在句子中没有词义,但不能省略。
that, whether引导的主语从句谓语及其他 That we are losing high-level scientists astonishes us. That she won the game made a tremendous stir in our country Whether one can succeed dependson how hard he works. Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. Just because he is over sixty doesn’t mean he must retire. 说明:在传统英语中,because是不能引导主语从句的,但在非正式文体中,特别在现代英语中,已很常见。
名词性从句详解及练习
各类从句详解英语从句可以分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三大类:下面我们逐一进行说明:一、名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的充当的成分和其名称相同,分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
上述这四种从句均被称为名词性从句。
所有的名词性从句均不能用逗号分开,并且它们都用相同的关联词,关联词如下:①主从连词:that (无意义), whether (是否), if (是否)(在句子中不充当任何成分)②连接代词:who (谁), whom (谁), whose (谁的), what (什么), which (哪一个)③连接副词:when (什么时候), where (什么地方), how (怎样), why (为什么)主从连词只起连接作用,连接代词和连接副词除了起连接作用外,还充当从句某一个成分。
另外,可以用whatever, whichever, whoever, who(m)ever等连接代词引导名词性从句,来加强语气。
下面分别对各种名词性从句进行介绍(一)主语从句(subject clause)在主句中用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。
例如:That he will come to the discussion is certain.他来参加讨论是确定的。
That the moon moves round the earth is well known to all of us.月球绕地球转动,这是我们大家都熟知的。
When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decide.会议什么时候召开还没有决定。
主语从句放在句首,句子常常显得比较笨重,因此通常可以把it放在句首,作形式主语,而将主语从句放在后面。
例如上面的句子可以分别改写为:It is certain that he will come to the discussion.It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth.It has not yet been decide when the meeting is to be held.下面再举一些例句:What they are after is profit.他们追求的是利润。
名词性从句知识点总结
名词性从句知识点总结名词性从句是指在一个句子中扮演名词的角色,作为主语、宾语、表语等成分的从句。
在英语语法中,名词性从句是一个重要的语法结构,掌握好名词性从句的知识点对于提高英语语言水平和理解复杂句子非常有帮助。
本文将对名词性从句的几个主要知识点进行总结。
1. 定义和特点名词性从句是一种从句类型,它在句子中充当名词的角色,可以作为主语、宾语、表语等。
名词性从句通常由连接词引导,如that、whether、if、who、whom、whose、which等。
2. 主语从句主语从句在句子中作为主语,常用连接词that引导。
例如:That heis late is a common problem.(他迟到是个常见问题。
)3. 宾语从句宾语从句在句子中作为动词的宾语,通常由连接词that、whether、if引导。
例如:She asked me if I could help her.(她问我是否能帮她。
)4. 表语从句表语从句在句子中作为表语,常用连接词that引导。
例如:The important thing is that you are safe.(重要的是你安全。
)5. 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中作为对某个名词或代词的解释或说明,通常由连接词that引导。
例如:The fact that she passed the exam is a relief.(她通过考试的事实令人松了一口气。
)6. 后置定语从句后置定语从句在句子中作为对名词或代词的修饰,通常由关系代词引导。
例如:The book that she recommended is very interesting.(她推荐的那本书非常有趣。
)7. 时间状语从句时间状语从句在句子中作为一个时间状语来修饰动词,常用连接词when、while、as、before、after等引导。
例如:He arrived home before it got dark.(在天黑之前他回到了家。
2019高考英语三大从句名词性从句定语从句和状语从句详解
2019高考英语三大从句名词性从句定语从句和状语从句详解英语的从句主要有三种:名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句。
英语句子与句子之间必须要有连词,否则是不能够并列或者从属,故英语的连词分为两类:一类是并列连词,一类是从属连词并列连词:第一节名词性从句:主、宾、表、同主语从句:A、that引导主从1.That the moon travels around the earth once every month is known to everyone.2.It is likely that he can't come to the party tonight(S+P+adj+that clause)注:adj 为necessary、important、surprising、strange、unbelievable、unthinkable、incredible 时从句需要用(should)do 结构。
3.it’s a pity that you didn't attend the wedding party.(S+P+N+that clause)4.it is said that he possesses the too much money.(S+P+done that clause)5.it seems to me that you don't like the idea.(it+特殊动词that clause:seem,matter,turn out,happen等)B、指人指物的为连接代词:故在从句中充当:主宾表语成分,部分充当定语成分whose连接副词在从句中充当主要的时间地点原因和方式状语。
宾语从句一、引导词1.That 无意义,不做成分,口语可以省略,if/whether,有意思,不做成分注意,whether…or/or not;和介词后一般不用if 引导2.关系代词(指人,指物)which3.关系副词(时间地点原因方式)4.特殊的宾从:1.大多数及物动词可以带宾从;在一些v+adv结构中也可以如:figure out,work out,find out,point out 等;一些动词短语也可以如make sure that、keep in mind that2.注意:find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume后如果有宾补时,要借助it形式宾语,将that从句后置Appreciate表示hate,like,take,owe,have,take()for granted等和see to留意后如果有宾补时需要借助it 形式宾语,将宾从后置e.g I hate if when that they talk with their mouth full of foodPlease see to it that the door is safely locked before you go注:介词后that 所引导的宾从必须要用it 形式宾语,除“beyond,but,besides,except,save that clause”“除了”和“in that”“因为”。
(2021年整理)名词性从句及状语从句总结(完整版)
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判断句子类型。
He looked unhappy at that time。
My favourite sports are swimming and skating。
I am very good at English。
4. I was so pleased to hear from you。
I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.The time passed quickly。
Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.The car didn’t stop but drove off at great speed。
Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition。
In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps。
The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle。
中考英语复习--宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句专项-
对比:
He knows
Tom w__il_l_r_e_a_d books in three minutes. Tom __r_e_a_d__ books yesterday. Tom __r_e_a_d_s_ English every day. Tom _i_s_r_e_a_d_in__g a book now. Tom _h__a_s _r_e_a_d_ for three years.
plants or not.
whether...or not固搭
--- Even scientists aren't sure about it.
A. whether B. where C. why
A 8. I know ______ I promised to take you to dinner, but I won't finish
what充当宾语
三、语序
宾语从句中,从句语序必须是陈述语序
主+谓+......
特别提示: 特词作主语的情况
He asked me what was the matter. She wants to know what happened yesterday.
My mother asks me who is playing basketball oueside.
Tom _h__a_s _r_e_a_d_ for three years.
宾语从句中,主句为一般现在时,从句依时定态。
Tomw_o__u_ld__re_a_d_ books in three minutes. Tom _h_a_d_r_e_a_d_ books yesterday. He knew Tom __r_e_a_d__ English every day. Tomw__a_s_r_e_a_d_in_g_ a book now.
三大从句(定语从句 状语从句 名词性从句)初中英语专项复习课件
定语从句详解
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. I still remembered the day when I met you.
定语从句的补充
1.定语从句和同位语从句的区别
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name.
一个漂亮的女孩。 a pretty girl I know a pretty girl. The girl likes singing.
句子成分概述
定语:用于修饰名词或代词。
一个漂亮的女孩。 a pretty girl I know a pretty girl. The girl likes singing. I know a pretty girl who likes singing.
定语从句的补充
定语从句的省略
As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home.
状语从句
问题:在一个简单句中,什么词能做状语?
名词性从句实战
例句1:
What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
高考英语主从复合句(状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句)
主从复合句(状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句)【考点分析】状语从句1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别;2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time 等用作连词,引导的时间状语从句;3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;4.till和until的用法;5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法;6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别;7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法;8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法;9. in case引导的状语从句;10.where引导的状语从句;11.once引导的状语从句。
12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
名词从句1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别;2.名词从句的语序和时态;3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况;4.宾语从句的否定转移;5.whether和if的用法区别;6.what在名词性从句中的使用;7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用;8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别;9.连接词that的省略;定语从句1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别;2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别;3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别;4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查;5. such…as与such…that的区别;the same…as与the same…that的区别;6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查;7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略;8.含有插入语的定语从句;9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
句子成分定语从句名词性从句状语从句详解
句子成分一.动词基本分类:1.实义动词包括及物(vt)和不及物(vi)vt 直接带宾语He likes English. V i 不需带宾语Did he come yesterday? 若要带宾语中间需加介词He arrived at the airport .2. 连系动词如:be/ look/sound/keep/taste/smell/taste/seem/become/turn/remain (依然)…3. 助动词:本身无意义,要与实义动词组成谓语。
如:do/does/will/would/have/hasHe has gone to Beijing. He will leave for Beijing.4情态动词:can/could/ may/might…二.副词一般修饰动词/形容词/副词基本分类:1 时间副词now/ago/once/already…2 地点副词here/downstairs/back /outside/ off…3 方式副词carefully/fast/suddenly…4 程度副词almost/very/so/much/deeply…5 频度副词always/ usually/sometimes…三.句子成分:构成句子的各个部分。
A.主语- 可由以下表示:1.名词:American music has become more and more popular.2.代词:Who is the man standing over there?3.数词:One-third of the students are girls.4.不定式:To swim in the river is a great pleasure.= It is a great pleasure to swim in the river (It 是形式主语) 5.动名词:Smoking does harm to the health.6.从句:When we are going to have the test is clear.B. 谓语在句中一般由动词充当1.He practices running every morning.2.He has caught a cold.3.We may keep the book for two weeks.C. 表语一般位于系动词之后可由以下表示:1.代词:Is it yours/ It is mine.2.形容词:The weather has turned cold.3.分词:The teacher is pleased with my work.4.不定式:His job is to teach English.5.动名词:His hobby is playing football.D. 宾语一般位于Vt 或介词之后可由以下表示:1.名词:He is going to buy a dictionary.2.代词:We should learn from him.3.不定式:He decided not to see me.4.动名词:He practices running every morning.分类:分为直接宾语(动作的承受者,通常指物)和间接宾语(动作所向的人或物,通常指人)He sent me a present.=He sent a present to me. (me 间宾/ a present 直宾)He bought her a map= He bought a map for her.有些Vt 如:make/have/get/let/find/call/see/notice/hear/watch除了跟有一个宾语外,还要有一个宾语补足语来说明宾语的状态才能使句子完整。
从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)2022年高考英语备考系列(复习思维导图+必备知识手册)
专题06 从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)Part01 定语从句1:考点梳理1.引导定语从句的关系词;2.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别;3.“介词+关系代词”的结构;4.关系词之间的异同及选用。
考点1定语从句的种类(1)限制性定语从句从句在句中是不可缺少的部分,去掉后主句意思往往不明确,与主句之间不用逗号隔开。
This is the house which we bought last month.(2)非限制性定语从句从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明,去掉后不影响主句的意思,与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.考点2 关系代词与关系副词关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who 人主语Do you know the man who is talking with yourmother?whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom 人宾语Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working.The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose 人、物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.that 人、物主语、宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which 物主语、宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident wasterrible.as 人、物主语、宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as作宾语一般不省略关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on which替换where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in which替换why 原因原因状I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my 可用for which语offer. 替换考点3关系代词that和which的特殊用法1. 限制性定语从句中,只用关系代词that的情况:(1)先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词。
高中英语语法复习—复合句(名词性、定语从句、状语从句)精析
复合句一. 名词性从句:1.名词性从句主要分为四大类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样。
2.名词性从句的语序:名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。
如:He asked me what was the matter with me.We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.(一)主语从句1.定义:主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:1) 从属连词that:由that引导的从句,通常用形式主语来代替。
That he has disappeared worries his parents.It worries his parents that he has disappeared.It is not likely that he can win the lottery.It is a big surprise that he is still alive.2) 从属连词whether。
如:Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
Whether or not she will go to Japan is up to her.Whether he will take part in the play is not clear.3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever由what等代词引导的从句,表示”所1的(东西)”,实际上等于一个现行词加上一个定语从句,也可以由-ever等代词引导。
初中英语从句
初中英语从句初中英语从句作为英语学习的重点之一,从句在初中阶段的英语学习中扮演着重要的角色。
从句是由连词引导的具有一定独立意义的句子,在整个句子中充当名词、形容词或副词的作用。
掌握从句的使用方法,对于提升学习者的英语能力和语言表达能力非常重要。
从句分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三种。
一、名词性从句名词性从句在句子中充当名词的角色,可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
1. 主语从句主语从句通常以it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从从句放在句末。
常见的引导主语从句的连词有that、whether和疑问词。
例如:- It is important that we protect the environment.- Whether he can come to the party is still uncertain. - What he said surprised me.2. 宾语从句宾语从句通常作及物动词、介词、形容词后的宾语。
常见的引导宾语从句的连词有that、whether和疑问词。
例如:- He said that he would come tomorrow.- I don't know whether I can pass the exam.- Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?3. 表语从句表语从句通常用于连系动词后,作用是对主语进行补充说明。
常见的引导表语从句的连词有that、whether和疑问词。
例如:- The fact is that he is a good student.- My concern is whether we can finish the project on time.- The question is where we should go for vacation.4. 同位语从句同位语从句通常用于对某一名称词进行解释说明。
高中英语三大从句 讲解与练习 定语从句 名词性从句 状语从句 高三英语 二轮语法总复习
高考英语三大从句讲解与练习高中英语状语从句 (2)一、时间状语从句 (2)二、地点状语从句 (3)三、原因状语从句 (4)四、目的状语从句 (4)五、结果状语从句 (4)六、条件状语从句 (4)七、方式状语从句 (4)八、让步状语从句 (5)九、比较状语从句 (5)课后练习巩固 (5)参考答案 (7)定语从句详解与练习 (7)一、关系代词引导的定语从句 (8)二、只用that不用which的情况 (8)三、只用which不用that的情况 (9)四、只用who不用that的情况 (9)五、关系副词引导的定语从句 (9)六、介词与关系代词 (9)七、定语从句中的主谓一致 (10)八、注意way和time后接定语从句的情况 (10)课后练习巩固 (10)参考答案 (12)高中英语名词性从句 (12)1、主语从句 (12)2、宾语从句 (13)3、表语从句(that不可省略) (13)4、同位语从句 (13)二、whether/if从句 (13)三、特殊疑问词引导的从句 (14)四、名词性关系从句 (14)五、名词性从句的几个难点 (14)课后练习巩固 (14)参考答案 (16)高中英语状语从句一、时间状语从句1、when的用法(1)when既可引导一个持续性动作,也可引导一个短暂性动作,可用于表示主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作,有时还可表示从句动作后于主句,意为“当……时候”。
(2)when在be about to do……when……,be doing……whe n……,had done……when……,be on one’s way……when……,be on the point of doing…when……等结构中作“那时突然”讲。
(3)when “既然、鉴于;尽管,虽然(位于主句之后);如果”2、while的用法(1)表示“当……时候”,引导的动作必须是延续性的。
(2)用作并列连词,表示相对关系“然而”。
重要知识点总结名词性从句的种类与用法归纳
重要知识点总结名词性从句的种类与用法归纳名词性从句是英语语法中的一种重要句子结构,它可以在句子中充当名词的作用。
名词性从句的种类和用法有多种,下面将对其进行详细的总结和归纳。
1. 主语从句(Subject Clause):主语从句在句子中充当主语的角色,常用的引导词有:that, whether, who, whom, which, what等。
例如:- That he is innocent is beyond doubt.(他是无辜的是毋庸置疑的。
) - Whether she will come to the party is still uncertain.(她是否会来参加派对仍然不确定。
)- Who broke the window is unknown.(谁打碎了窗户不得而知。
)2. 宾语从句(Object Clause):宾语从句出现在句子中充当动词的宾语,常用的引导词有:that, whether, if, who, whom, which, what, when, where, why, how等。
例如:- He said that he would help me.(他说他会帮助我。
)- I don't know whether he is coming or not.(我不知道他是否会来。
)- She asked me what my favorite color was.(她问我最喜欢的颜色是什么。
)3. 表语从句(Predicate Clause):表语从句在句子中充当表语的角色,常用的引导词有:that, whether, who, whom, which, what等。
例如:- My belief is that honesty is the best policy.(我的信念是诚实是最好的策略。
)- The question is whether we should continue this project.(问题是我们是否应该继续这个项目。
名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句的语法知识点
在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点A、定语从句专项讲解与训练一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:格先行词主格宾格所有格人 who whom whose物 which whichwhoseof which人、物 that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first.想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
英语从句的类型与用法
英语从句的类型与用法英语从句的类型:根据从句语法功能的不同可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。
根据从句语法功能的不同可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。
前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。
状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句和时间状语从句。
一、定语从句在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
二、状语从句由从句担任的状语,在句子中可修饰谓语(或其它动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。
状语从句是一较大的语法项目,也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。
高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句,这些从句仍是今后高考热点,应作充分准备。
同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。
三、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
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2. Can we use “if” instead of “whether” in the sixth sentence
The Appositive Clause:
1.I have no idea when he will arrive. 2.Word has come from the capital that President
Identify the type of clause in the following sentences
The news that our football team won excited us.
Appositive Clause
The news that we got excited us.
Clause?
The Object Clause:
1.They thought that the question was too difficult. 2.I’m certain that he will get there in time. 3.She has made it clear that she does an important job. 4. I’ll do whatever you ask me to. 5.Do you know whether he’ll come or not? 6. Do you know if/whether any decision has been arrived
Noun Clt Predicative
Clause
Appositive
Find the clauses and tell the function of them:
1.You know tthhaattIIaammaatteeaacchheerrooffEEnngglliisshh.
Object Clause
6. What I am worried about is whether you can do well in
Subject Clause
the exam.
Predicative Clause
The Subject Clause:
1.Whether it is true remains a problem. 2.That she was chosen made us very happy. 3.What I can do is to tell you the truth. 4.How the book will sell depends on its author. 5.Whoever told you that was lying. 6.It was obvious that the driver couldn’t control his car.
Questions:
1.Can we use “if” instead of “whether”? 2. What’s the difference between “that” and “what”? 3.When the Subject Clause is too long, what should we do? 4.Can the conjunction “that” be left out in the Subject
Object Clause
2. TThhaatt II aamm aa tteeaacchheerr ooff EEnngglliisshh is known to you all .
Subject Clause
3. It is known to you all that I am a teacher of English.
Subject Clause
4. The fact that I am a teacher of English is known to
you all.
Appositive Clause
5. I am worried about whether you can do well in the exam.
1.It looks as if it were going to rain. 2.That is why he failed the exam. 3. Lishui is not what it used to be. 4. The reason for his absence was that he was ill. 5. What she wants to know is which book she should buy. 6. The question is whether we should accept his invitation.
Hu Jingtao will come to visit our school . 3.The suggestion that we should follow his advice
was accepted at last.
Besides “idea, word,suggestion”, can you list more words? The news which they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
Attributive Clause
“that” 在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,一般不可省略。
at?
Questions:
1. Can the conjunction “that” be left out in the Object Clause?
2.Can we use “if” instead of “whether” in the fifth sentence?
The Predicative Clause: