利用FDI推动环保产业的市场化的动因分析

利用FDI推动环保产业的市场化的动因分析

Use of FDI to promote motivation analysis of environmental industry

marketization

我国的环保产业始于20世纪70年代，随着环境问题突出和环保法规的不时完善，环保业进入较快开展。至今，我国环保业已初具范围。但是，从整体上看“部分改善，整体恶化”，刚过去的“十五”方案中环保任务未完成。2005年1月27日，评价世界各国环境质量的“环境可持续开展指数”显现，全球144个国度和地域中，中国位居第133位。与兴旺国度相比，我国环保产业仍处于被动跟踪状态。在产值上，我国环保产业的总产值仅占GDP的2％，而兴旺国度为5％左右。在投资渠道上，政府为主体，民间和外资资本进入少。在技术开展上，缺乏系统的技术开发，基于国情的严重生态环境和关键技术短少，具有自主学问产权的技术集成和环保成套设备缺乏。另外，缺乏与国际惯例接轨的环保产品开发及环境技术认证制度，环境咨询效劳体系落后，企业环保认识单薄。

The environmental protection industry in China began in the 1970 s, with the environmental problems and environmental protection laws and regulations from time to time, environmental protection into the fast. So far, the scope of

environmental protection in our country has begun to take. "Part but, overall, the overall deterioration", just in the past in the "tenth five-year plan of environmental protection tasks unfinished. On January 27, 2005, to evaluate the quality of the environment around the world appeared "environment sustainable development index", in the global 144 countries and regions, China ranked 133th. Compared with the prosperous country, environmental protection industry in China is still in the passive tracking status. On output, China's environmental protection industry output value accounts for only 2% of GDP, and prosperous country is approximately 5%. On the investment channels, the government as the main body, private and foreign capital to enter. In technology, lack of system technology development, based on the situation of serious shortage of ecological environment and the key technology, technology integration and environmental protection with independent knowledge property rights lack of complete sets of equipment. To integrate with the international practice, in addition, the lack of environmental technology product development and environment certification system, environmental consulting service system lags behind, enterprise environmental awareness thin.

FDI（国际直接投资）曾经成为我国经济增长的重要动力，2003我国位居世界引进FDI东道国的第一位。在FDI的投资重点上，明显倾向于东部地域的第二产业，而且局部跨国公司把污染产业迁移到中国消费。随着我国参加WTO，FDI也面临着地域构造和产业构造的调整，国度在制定产业政策时倾向于吸收FDI向西部地域，向第三产业转移的趋向。

FDI (foreign direct investment) has become the important impetus of economic growth, 2003 in our country in the world to introduce FDI host first. Focus on FDI, obvious tendency in the eastern region of the second industry, and local multinational pollution industries transfer to the Chinese consumer. Along with our country join WTO, FDI is also faced with the regional structure and industrial structure adjustment and land tend to absorb FDI when making industrial policy to the western region, the tendency of the shift to the third industry.

我国的环保产业是政府主导的行政管理型产业，政府的高投资惹起的财政担负和产业低效率，即资金和技术的压力是环保产业开展的主要瓶颈。“十一五”期间我国在环保产业的估计投资需求为1.4万