职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-74

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职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-75

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-751、PopulationThe advantages and disadvantages of large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited . To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population . Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify themOne of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space andnatural resources, concern of government to plane a limit on the birth rate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment ____. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.【单选题】A.which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify themB.It has been argued that the supply of good land is limitedC.it will be the first concern of government to plane a limit on the birth rate, whatever the consequences may beD.Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smallerpopulationE.A small population may mean lower productivity, but a higher average incomeF.because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods正确答案:F答案解析:根据空白处前面的半句话可以找出在语义上和逻辑上都与之连贯的选项。

职称英语考试卫生类(C级)试题及答案

05年职称英语考试卫生类(C级)试题及答案(4)A New Definitions of the Old ManB Changing Concept of the Old ManC Health of the old ManD Happy Old Man And Sad Old ManE Limited Knowledge of the OId Mall’s ExperiencesF Contempt for the Old Man27 Nowadays men generally live longer than_____28 A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as_____29 More research should be done on the experiences of_____30 Most old men consider themselves to be_____A in good healthB in the pastC in the wrongD the old manE a middle-aged manF a young man第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。

请根据文章的内容从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇US States Do Poorly in Women’s HealthNot a single US state meets basic feder al goals for women’s health，and the nation as a whole fails except in two areas—mammograms(乳腺x光照片)and dental(牙齿的)check-ups—researchers said on ThursdayMillions of women lack health insurance，and states make it difficult to enroll(加八)in Medicaid．the state-federal health insurance plan for the poor，according to the report．And few states are doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smoking——the leading cause of death in the United States“The nation as a whole and the i ndividual states fall short of meeting national goals，”reads the report．put together by the National Women’s Law Center and the Oregon Health＆Science University．“These health goals provide a road map for assessing the status of women’s health．”Of 27 measures examined by the group，from screening for diseases to actually treating them．the nation passes on only two，the researchers said“The nation is so far from the health goals that it receives an overall grade of‘unsatisfactory’，”they wrote．The problem seems to be a lack among states of an overall plan for health in general，the NWLC said．“State policy makers’ piecemeal(一件一件做的)approach to our health care crisis has resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails to meet the health care ne eds of women,” Judy Waxman NWLC Vice President for Health，said in a statement．“Lawmakers need to take a comprehensive，long-term approach to meeting women ‘s health needs and tackle this serious problem that troubles so many families．31 In which area is the nation successful?A Dental check-ups．B Health promotion．C Disease screeningD Cancer treatment．。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0524-74

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0524-741、Parkinson's Disease1. Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine(多巴胺). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2. No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3. Tremor (颤抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is oneof the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation(便秘) . In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills. 4. At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are not obvious. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results. Paragraph 4 ______【单选题】A.Tips for Patients with the Disease。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-4

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-41、The document was compiled by the Department of Health.【单选题】A.writtenB.printedC.attachedD.sent正确答案:A答案解析:题干大意：这一文件由卫生部拟写。

compile意为“编辑、编写”，如：compile?an?encyclopedia（编辑一本百科全书）。

write意为“写”，最符合题意，如：He?has?written?many?books.（他已写过很多书。

）print意为“印刷”。

如：print?the?final?copy?of?your?essay（打印作文的终稿）。

attach意为“系，贴”，如：attach?a?label?to?the?product（给商品贴上商标）。

send意为“送”，如：He?sent?her?some?flowers.（他给她送了些花。

）2、All the pupils seem to be very cheerful.【单选题】A.happyB.healthyC.naughtyD.busy正确答案:A答案解析:所有的小学生看起来都很高兴。

本题难度不大，考察的是基本意义，干扰项干扰不大，cheerful和happy都有“高兴的”的意思，是近义词，其他选项都是常用词汇，和答案意义差异大，最佳答案是A。

3、We\'ve?seen?a?marked?shift?in?our?approach?to?the?social?i ssues.【单选题】A.regularB.greatC.clearD.quick正确答案:C答案解析:题干大意：我们看到我们对社会问题的态度发生了明显的转变。

句中marked意为“显著的，明显的”，例如：What?is?your?most?marked?characteristic?（你最显著的特点是什么？）四个选项中，clear意为“清晰的、明显的”；regular 意为“定期的、整齐的”；great意为“伟大的”；quick意为“快速的”。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-99

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-991、Blasts from the Past1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease.2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover.5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid.6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere.7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years.8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions.Older eruptions were more devastating____.【单选题】A.than more recent onesB.the killing efficiency for older eruptionsC.has remained controversialD.Wignall's calculations as acceptableE.has been mown to us allF.his ideas正确答案:A答案解析:more recent ones较后来的火山爆发。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-98

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-981、Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to. Children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy. Most student leaders don't want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon's operations officer for two years.Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.At large universities like Fangmeyer's, which has more than 40,000 students, the students, first of all, want to find a way to "belong in their own comer of campus".Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey's findings. "I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends. "All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren't thinking about their resumes. "I think that a lot of people do join to 'fatten up their resume'," said Heitner. "At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles. " But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university's complicated bureaucracy. "Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference," Fangmeyer said.American students join campus organizations mostly for ____.【单选题】A.making a differenceB.gaining experienceC.building friendshipD.improving their resumes正确答案:C答案解析:答案可以从第三段找到。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-74

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-741、Cancer1. Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body's basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor(肿瘤). Benign(良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet(紫外线的) radiation from the sun,or exposure to carcinogens (致症物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.3. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy(化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient's age and general health and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighting the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.4. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease and the patient's tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over - the - counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Paragraph 4 ______【单选题】A.How is cancer treated?B.Does cancer always cause pain?C.Can cancer be prevented?D.What is cancer?E.How common is cancer?F.What causes cancer?正确答案:B答案解析:本题有一定难度，但主要的段落主旨句是文章第四段的第一句，谈到癌症并不总是意味着疼痛，病人的疼痛程度取决于多种因素，如癌症类型，患病程度，病人对疼痛的忍受力。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0524-75

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0524-751、The document was compiled by the Department of Health.【单选题】A.writtenB.printedC.attachedD.sent正确答案:A答案解析:此文件由卫生部编制。

compiled指是“编辑”，和written“写下”是近义词，其他三项都是常用词，和答案意义差异较大，干扰性不强。

2、Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding (为时甚久的) mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac(心脏的) cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say."We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes (心肌细胞), are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said.The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20 - year - old, about I percent of cardiomyocytes。

全国职称英语等级考试卫生类级参考答案及解析

2013‎‎试(卫生类A)‎析第1部分：词汇选项1．【】A【题】生 ‎‎原则。

A．主要，基 B．道德，精神 C．定期，有规 D．硬，艰难【析】查形容词。

划线词car‎d inal‎为“基，主要 ”， funda‎mental‎。

为‎A。

【点延伸】表示“ ，基 ”词还有bas‎ic(基，基础 )，radica‎l( ，激进 )，prime(主要，首要 )2．【】B【题】 ‎‎。

A．拒绝，排斥B．支持， C．使服从，交D．虑，认为【析】查动词。

划线词end‎o rse 为‎“签署，，认可”， appro‎v e为词‎，‎为B。

【点延伸】表示“ ” 词还有co‎n sent( ，)，suppor‎t(支持，)，sancti ‎o n(认可，支持；制裁，处罚)，agree( ， )3．【】D【题】 ‎ 持‎怀疑态度。

A．未受影响，未改变 B．必然，无疑，定 C．沉默，寂静 D．怀疑，不定【析】查形容词。

划线词ske‎p tical‎为“怀疑 ”， doubt‎f ul为 ‎词，为‎D。

【点延伸】-ful表示形‎容词，如doubt‎f ul(怀疑 )，succes‎s ful( 功 )，hopefu‎l(有希望 )4．【】D【题】 ‎ 绝，为 ‎ 受 ‎。

A．死，变死 B．经过，逝去C．运走，带走D．绝，绝【析】查短。

划线词die‎out 为“ 绝，消失”，becom‎e extinc‎t为词，为D。

【点延伸】die off(相继死去)，die of／from(死于)，die away(减弱，消失)【题】期 ‎交 ‎很简单。

A．可靠，可信 B．有效，起作 C．简单 D．选择性，交替【析】查形容词。

划线词pri‎m itive‎为“原始，简单，粗糙 ”， simpl‎e为词， ‎为C。

【点延伸】-able表示‎形容词，如relia‎b le(可信，可靠 )，depend‎a ble(可依靠 )；-tive表示‎形容词，如effec‎t i ve(有效 )，active‎(积极 )6．【】D【题】 ‎选 ‎冠军。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-94

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-941、They are endeavoring to charge society as a whole.【单选题】A.tryingB.workingC.doingD.making正确答案:A答案解析:endeavor：设法、努力，和try意思相同；work:工作；do:做、干；make:做。

2、Such?a?database?would?be?extremely?costly?to?set?up.【单选题】A.transferB.destroyC.establishD.update正确答案:C答案解析:题干大意：建立这样的数据库成本会非常高。

set?up意为“建立”，如：set?up?an?organization（成立一个组织）。

transfer意为“转移”，如：He?was?transferred?to?another?department.（他被调到另一个部门了。

）destroy意为“破坏”，如：The houses?were?destroyed?in?an?earthquake.（房屋在地震中被毁坏。

）establish意为“成立”，最符合题意，如：His?grandfather?established?the?family?business?in?1920.（他的祖父在1920年成立了这个家族企业。

）update意为“更新”，如：Have?you?updated?the?statistics in?the?report?（你更新报告中的数据了么？）3、It can be regarded as the worst day in my entire life. 【单选题】A.allB.youngC.whole。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-72

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-721、MemoriesMost episodes of absent-mindedness forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You are supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply."Encoding, Schacter says, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you are involved in a conversation, you will probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn't failing you," says Schacter. " Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed. "Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. " Womenhave slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Sclnacter." ____,"he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you are there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you will likely remember.【单选题】A.Encoding, Schacter says, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it laterB.Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it neededC.The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you will likely rememberD.They are more interested in what's happening around themE.But be sure the cue is clear and available.ck of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness正确答案:E答案解析:本段说的是视觉线索的问题，因此所选句也应该围绕cue这个话题。

职称英语考试卫生类术真题资料附答案

【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】职称英语考试卫生类练习题(补全短文) Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 per cent of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7 per cent.So，while your mouth is closed，just what is your body saying…Alms. _1_ If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back，this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. _2_ If someone upsets you，just cross your arms to show you’re unhappy!Head.When you want to appear confident，keep your head level.If you are monitor in class，you cart also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. _3_ Legs.Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies.If you are at interviews，try to keep them still!Posture.A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. _4_ This makes breathing more difficult，which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.Mouth.When you are thinking，you often purse your lips.You might also use this position to hoId back all angry comment you don’t wish to show. _5_A If you are feeling down，you normally don’t sit straight，with your shoulders inwards.B If you are pleased，you usually open your eyes wide and people Can notice this.。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0524-70

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0524-701、GypsiesWhen school was out, I hurried to find my sister and get out of the schoolyard before seeing anybody in my class. But Barbara and her friends had beaten us to the playground entrance and they seemed to be waiting for us. Barbara said, "So now you're in the A class. " She sounded impressed. "What's the A class?" I asked. Everybody made superior yet faintly envious giggling sounds. "Well, why did you think the teacher moved you to the front of the room, dopey? Didn't you know you were in the C class before, way in the back of the room?" Of course I hadn't known. The Wenatchee fifth grade was bigger than my whole school which had been in North Dakota, and the idea of subdivisions within a grade had never occurred to me. The subdividing for the first marking period had been done before I came to the school, and 1 had never, in the six weeks I'd been there, talked to anyone long enough to find out about the A, B, and C classes.I still could not understand why that had made such a difference to Barbara and her friends. I didn't yet know that it was shameful and dirty to be a transient laborer and ridiculous to be from North Dakota. I thought living in a tent was more fun than living in a house.I didn't know that we were gypsies, really (how that thought would have excited me then!), and that we were regarded with the suspicion felt by those who plant toward those who do not plant. It didn't occur to me that we were all looked upon as one more of the untrustworthy natural phenomena, drifting here and there like mists or winds. I didn't know that I was the only child who had camped on the Baumann's land ever to get out of the C class. I didn't know that school administrators and civic leaders held conferences to talk about the problem of transient laborers.I only knew that for two happy days I walked to school with Barbara and her friends, played hopscotch and jumped rope with them at class intervals, and was even invited into the house for some ginger ale ---- a strange drink I had never tasted before.The tone of this passage as a whole is ____.【单选题】A.reflectiveB.enthusiasticC.impersonalD.defensive正确答案:A答案解析:reflective在此意为：回顾的。

全国职称英语等级考试试题（卫生类）

全国职称英语等级考试试题（卫生类）全国职称英语等级考试试题（卫生类）第一部分阅读理解 (75分)Passage 1Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat (威胁) to public health. Men used tobacco mainly in the form of cigars (雪茄烟), chewing tobacco, pipe tobacco(烟草), and snuff (鼻烟). Most women did not use tobacco at all.The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machines. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price. Today cigarettes smoking is a widespread habit. About forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit. Seventy-five percent of the male population and forty-six percent of the these men and eleven percent of the women have stopped smoking. The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.Men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion (比例) of smokers is the age group 24-44.Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person's smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand if a well-educated man with a high income smokes as all, he is likelyto smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily. Among teenagers (少年) the pictures is similar. There are fewer teenager smokers from upper-income, well-educated families and fewer from families living in farm areas. High school students who are preparing for college are less likely to smoke than those who do not plan to continue their education after high school.Children are most likely to start smoking, if one or both of their parents smoke.1. Men use tobacco mainly in ________ forms in th e past. ○A. one○B. two○C. three○D. four2. The cigarette industry began ________.○A. one hundred years ago○B. at the turn of the century○C. in the eighteen seventies○D. in the eighteen century3. In the United States _______ smoke cigarettes.○A. about forty-three percent of people○B. about thirty-one percent of people○C. only old people○D. about forty-three percent of the grown - up men and thirty-one percent of the grown -up women4. A man's smoking habit is partly determined by________.○A. his income○B. his education○C. his occupation○D. all of the above5. Children _________ to start smoking, if their parents smoke.○A. are most likely○B. are less likely○C. hate○D. do not wantPassage 2Many of us believe that a person's mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true, according to Dr. Jarvik, professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at the University of California. She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins (孪生儿), who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr.Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s, their minds did not generally decline as was expected.However, there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual ability over the years. In general, Dr. Jarvik's studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only with those in their 30s and 40s, but with those in their 60s and 70s as well. It is true older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we call "loss of memory" is not that at all. There was usually incomplete learningin the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pace. In the cases where the older person's mind really seems to become less active, it is not necessarily a sign of becoming less active due to old age. Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional (压抑的感情) state.6. According to Dr. Jarvik's studies, middle-aged and older persons would expect to __________.○A. remember less○B. reason better○C. learn fewer new things○D. lose no intellectual ability7. Mental decay due to aging is _________.○A. common○B. much more common than most people believe○C. much less common than most people believe○D. true of those over sixty8. A long-term study of 136 pairs of twins showed that _________.○A. they lost a little ability to reason over the years ○B. they only factor which decline over the years was their speed with which to perform mental tasks○C. their memory was not as good as it had once been ○D. their minds became a bit more active as they grew older9. According to the passage, all the following are instances of "incomplete learning" except _________. ○A. poor hearing ○B. bad eyesight○C. lack of attention○D. the attempt to learn too many new things10. What we call mental decay is usually a sign of _________.○A. a low-spirited state○B. a worsening state of health○C. old age○D. nervous t ensionPassage 3For hundreds of years, diseases caused by lack in nutrition (营养) were known to men. Some common nutritional diseases are beriberi (脚气), and scurvy (坏血病). In the 18th century, James Lind, a Scottish doctor, discovered a cure beriberi - whole rice.A British scientist in 1906 showed that certain foods contain substances important to the growth and development of the body. In time these substances werecalled vitamins, meaning essential to life. Today there are 13 known vitamins. The human body produces only three of them.Vitamins regulate (调节) the way the body changes food into energy and living tissues (组织). Each vitamins has a definite use and the lack of one vitamin can interfere with the function of another. The continued lack of one vitamin can cause a vitamin lack disease. The best way for a healthy person to get vitamins is to eat a balanced diet. Eggs, milk, meat, vegetables, fruits, and whole - grain are the most common sources of the necessary variety of foods.Vitamins help to speed up certain chemical reactions in the body. These reactions are essential for health. Without vitamins, these reactions would occur very slowly or not at all.Truly vitamins have been correctly named - essential to good health and life.11. Men have know about nutritional diseases __________.○A. a long time○B. in 18th century○C. recently○D. in 190612. Beriberi is a type of _________.○A. food○B. vitamin○C. fruit○D. disease13. It takes scientists _______ to know how many vitamins there are.○A. a long time○B. a few years○C. a short time○D. a number of experiments14. Human body produces __________ kinds of vitamins. ○A. all kinds of○B. five○C. thirteen○D. three15. Eating _______ is the best way to get vitamins. ○A. few things○B. vegetables○C. fruits○D. many kinds of food第二部分完成句子 (25分)根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。

职称英语卫生试题及答案

职称英语卫生试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. The most common cause of respiratory infections is:A. BacteriaB. VirusesC. FungiD. Parasites答案：B2. Which of the following is not a symptom of influenza?A. FeverB. CoughC. Sore throatD. Diarrhea答案：D3. The primary method of transmission for the common cold is:A. AirborneB. FoodborneC. ContactD. Vector-borne答案：A4. The main route of entry for hepatitis B virus is:A. Through the skinB. Through the respiratory tractC. Through the digestive tractD. Through the bloodstream答案：D5. Which of the following is a preventive measure against hand, foot, and mouth disease?A. VaccinationB. HygieneC. IsolationD. Medication答案：B6. The principle of action of penicillin is to:A. Kill virusesB. Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesisC. Suppress immune functionD. Increase blood circulation答案：B7. The correct procedure for hand hygiene is:A. Rinse with water, then apply soapB. Apply soap, then rinse with waterC. Rinse with water, then dry with a towelD. Apply soap, then dry with a towel答案：B8. The main route of transmission for cholera is:A. AirborneB. FoodborneC. ContactD. Vector-borne答案：B9. The most effective way to prevent influenza is:A. Taking antiviral drugsB. Wearing masksC. Getting vaccinatedD. Drinking herbal tea答案：C10. The main symptom of measles is:A. RashB. FeverC. CoughD. Sore throat答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The standard for personal hygiene is to keep the body,_________, and clothing clean.答案：hands and face2. The "three no's and one must" in hospital hygiene include not spitting, not littering, not smoking, and _________.答案：must wash hands3. The main method of transmission for tuberculosis is through _________.答案：airborne droplets4. The "five daily cleanings" in environmental hygiene include sweeping the floor, cleaning the desk, _________, cleaning the blackboard, and cleaning the trash can.答案：cleaning the windows5. The "three controls" in food hygiene are control of_________, control of utensils, and control of personnel.答案：raw materials三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. What are the basic requirements for hospital hygiene?答案：Hospital hygiene requires maintaining cleanliness and tidiness of the environment, regular disinfection of wards, and strict control of the entry and exit of patients and visitors.2. What are the three main measures for preventing infectious diseases?答案：The three main measures for preventing infectious diseases are controlling the source of infection, cutting off the transmission route, and protecting susceptible populations.3. What are the three aspects of food hygiene?答案：The three aspects of food hygiene are the hygiene ofraw materials, the hygiene of the cooking process, and the hygiene of utensils and dining environments.4. What are the three steps of hand hygiene?答案：The three steps of hand hygiene are wetting hands with water, applying soap, and rinsing hands thoroughly.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance and methods of environmental hygiene.答案：Environmental hygiene is crucial for preventing diseases and ensuring public health. Methods include regular cleaning and disinfection of the environment, proper waste management, and maintaining good ventilation.2. Discuss the importance and methods of personal hygiene.答案：Personal hygiene is essential for preventing infections and maintaining health. Methods include regular bathing, changing clothes, washing hands frequently, and maintaining oral hygiene.五、案例分析题（每题30分，共30分）案例：A hospital has reported an outbreak of hospital-acquired infections. Analyze the possible causes and propose measures for prevention and control.答案：Possible causes include inadequate disinfection of wards, poor hygiene of medical staff, and improper handling of medical waste. Measures for prevention and control include strengthening the disinfection of wards, enhancing the hygiene awareness of medical staff, and。