英文文献解读之总结
英语世界《诗大序》的译介与诠释
英语世界《诗大序》的译介与诠释李佳宸，贾海燕（宁夏大学文学院，宁夏银川750021）摘要：《诗大序》是中国古代第一篇诗论，影响了后世中国文论的发展方向。
19世纪，伴随着英美汉学的发展，一些汉学家在关注中国儒家经典的同时，也将《诗大序》译为英文。
20世纪以来，英美汉学家进一步阐释《诗大序》内涵，对其中的“诗言志”与“诗教功能”展开了深入阐发。
本文通过梳理《诗大序》英译情况，分析海外汉学家对《诗大序》的“诗言志”及诗的“风化”“美刺”“正变”功能的诠释，探索《诗大序》在英语世界的阐释空间。
关键词：英语世界；《诗大序》；译介；诗言志；诗教功能中图分类号：H315.9文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-5744（2023）04-0069-08《诗大序》总结了先秦至两汉的诗论思想，阐明了中国诗歌的基本特征及诗教理论，是中国古代文学理论的经典之作。
19世纪，伴随着英美汉学的发展，《诗大序》作为儒家经典的诠释文本进入汉学家的视野，被译介传播。
早期《诗大序》的译者主要是传教士与外交官，随着文化交流的深入，专业汉学学者也陆续参与了这一经典文论的翻译传播与文本阐释。
任增强曾总结西方汉学界研究《诗大序》的三种代表性类型：“第一类是吉布斯与刘若愚运用艾布拉姆斯艺术四要素理论剖析《诗大序》，第二类是范佐伦与宇文所安对《诗大序》中重要文论术语的阐释，第三类是以宇文所安、苏源熙为代表的关于《诗大序》与《乐记》承继关系的探讨［1］。
本文梳理《诗大序》英译的情况，着重分析英语世界的汉学学者对《诗大序》中“诗言志”及“诗教功能”的阐释，探究海外学者的观点。
中西文化、语言差异导致不同地域学者思维、视野的差异，跨文化交流有助于实现双方互补，借助西方的“他者”视角也能获得对中国文论新的诠释空间。
一《诗大序》英文译介概述《诗大序》的英译始于19世纪，这一时期《诗大序》主要作为中国文学知识与《诗经》序言被讨论和译介。
20世纪，随着汉学研究的发展，英美汉学家开始关注中国传统文论，积极译介并阐发中国文论，产生了诸多译介、阐释《诗大序》的文本。
goodnotes读英文文献
GoodNotes 是一款备受欢迎的手写笔记应用程序，它被广泛应用于教育和商业领域。
在学术研究领域，GoodNotes 也被用来阅读和批注英文文献，帮助研究者更高效地处理大量的学术材料。
本文将从使用GoodNotes 读英文文献的优势、方法和技巧等方面展开探讨。
一、 GoodNotes 读英文文献的优势1. 提高阅读效率使用 GoodNotes 可以帮助读者更快速地阅读和理解英文文献。
通过应用程序的标注、划重点和书签功能，读者可以快速地捕捉文献的重点内容，并且在二次阅读时能够迅速回顾和理解。
这种高效的阅读模式可以大大提高阅读效率。
2. 方便管理文献在 GoodNotes 中，用户可以轻松地建立文献库，并对不同文献进行分类和整理。
这使得研究者可以更方便地管理自己的文献资料，便于随时查找和翻阅。
使用 GoodNotes 还可以将文献与手写笔记结合，方便记录个人的想法和理解。
3. 便捷的批注功能GoodNotes 提供了丰富的批注工具，包括标记、评论、绘图等，这些功能可以帮助读者更好地理解文献内容，并进行深入的思考和讨论。
GoodNotes 还支持导出批注内容，方便用户将重点内容整理成摘要或共享给他人。
二、 GoodNotes 读英文文献的方法和技巧1. 建立文献库在 GoodNotes 中，用户可以建立一个专门存放英文文献的文件夹，方便整理和管理。
在建立文献库的过程中，可以根据题材或研究领域进行分类，以便后续的查找和使用。
2. 划重点和标注在阅读文献的过程中，可以使用 GoodNotes 的划重点和标注工具，将重要的内容标记出来。
这样做既可以帮助自己更好地理解文献，也方便后续查找和整理重点内容。
3. 添加书签和导航GoodNotes 提供了添加书签和导航功能，用户可以在阅读文献时添加书签，方便下次快速定位到关键内容。
在文献较长或包含多个章节时，可以使用导航功能快速跳转到需要的部分。
4. 导出和共享批注在阅读和批注完文献后，用户可以将批注内容导出保存，以便后续的整理和共享。
英文文献阅读
比较结果和结论
8.和同类文献，有什么共同点和不 同点？ 9.和以前的文献，作者思路上有什 么变化，下一步是什么？我能否 有进一步改进或者加入？
比较同类文献回答
比较以前的文献
10.别人还有哪些地方没做？要是我 接着此方向继续做，哪些是在我 所在工作条件下可以做到的，哪 些必须要做，哪些别人肯定比我 做得更好更快？
阅读英文文献的基本方法（十问）
1.论文主要解决的问题是什么 2.这个问题重要吗？为什么？（我为什么 要读这篇文献？是否有人做过？自己 会怎么设计方法来解决？） 3.A通过图表，你会得到什么结论？ B图表说明什么问题？能否说明该问 题？自己要得到这张图会用什么方 法？作者用的是什么方法？ C你能够重新画出这张图，用自己的 语言表达吗？
——Transnational Higher Education in China:
towards a critical culturalist research agenda
摘要与引言阅读技巧
掌握摘要与引言的特点（精炼、概括性） 把握摘要与引言部分的逻辑结构 着重阅读摘要和引言部分的总结性话语
Abstract（摘要） Conclusion（结 论）
Abstract（摘要） Conclusion（结 论）
6.A 文章的结论是什么？和你想的差 异在哪里？ B结论可靠性如何？对原来的结论有 什么支持或变化？你如何评价？ 7.A试验结果是否支持文章的结论？问 题、设计、方法和讨论的逻辑关系 是什么，作者是如何达到目的的？ B还有哪些问题没有得出结论？为什 么不确定？我能否进一步确定？ C文章是如何描述结果、如何解析图 表趋势，论据如何组合，如何表达 自己的观点？
总结
眼科英文文献解读
眼科英文文献解读Title: Analysis of Ophthalmology English LiteratureIntroduction:Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and disorders related to the eyes. In this article, we will delve into the analysis and interpretation of English literature in the field of ophthalmology. By exploring various aspects of this literature, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of the advancements and research in this specialized medical field.Body:1. Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye:1.1 Structure of the Eye: Discuss the different components of the eye, such as the cornea, lens, retina, and optic nerve.1.2 Visual Pathway: Explain the process of how light enters the eye, is converted into electrical signals, and transmitted to the brain for interpretation.1.3 Eye Muscles and Movements: Describe the muscles responsible for eye movements and how they work together to enable proper vision.2. Common Eye Conditions and Disorders:2.1 Refractive Errors: Discuss myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia, explaining the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for each.2.2 Cataracts: Detail the clouding of the lens, risk factors, symptoms, and surgical interventions available for cataract removal.2.3 Glaucoma: Explain the different types of glaucoma, their impact on the optic nerve, diagnostic methods, and treatment options.2.4 Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Describe the deterioration of the macula, risk factors, symptoms, and available treatments for AMD.2.5 Diabetic Retinopathy: Discuss the impact of diabetes on the retina, stages of diabetic retinopathy, and management strategies.3. Diagnostic Techniques in Ophthalmology:3.1 Visual Acuity Testing: Explain the use of Snellen charts and other methods to assess visual acuity.3.2 Tonometry: Detail the measurement of intraocular pressure to detect glaucoma.3.3 Fundoscopy: Discuss the examination of the retina and optic nerve head using an ophthalmoscope.3.4 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Explain the use of this non-invasive imaging technique to visualize the layers of the retina.3.5 Visual Field Testing: Describe the assessment of the peripheral vision using techniques like confrontation and automated perimetry.4. Surgical Procedures in Ophthalmology:4.1 LASIK: Discuss the laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis procedure for correcting refractive errors.4.2 Cataract Surgery: Explain the different techniques used for cataract removal, such as phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction.4.3 Corneal Transplantation: Detail the surgical procedure of replacing a damaged cornea with a healthy donor cornea.4.4 Retinal Detachment Surgery: Discuss the various surgical approaches to reattach the retina and restore vision.4.5 Strabismus Surgery: Explain the correction of misalignment of the eyes through surgical realignment of the eye muscles.5. Advancements in Ophthalmic Research:5.1 Gene Therapy: Discuss the potential of gene therapy in treating inherited eye diseases.5.2 Stem Cell Therapy: Explain how stem cells can be used to regenerate damaged retinal cells.5.3 Artificial Retina: Detail the development of prosthetic devices that can restore vision in individuals with retinal degeneration.5.4 Drug Delivery Systems: Discuss innovative methods of delivering medication to the eye, such as sustained-release implants.5.5 Robotic Surgery: Explain the use of robotic systems in performing precise and minimally invasive ophthalmic surgeries.6. Ongoing Challenges and Future Directions:6.1 Access to Eye Care: Discuss the global disparities in eye care and the need for increased accessibility.6.2 Aging Population: Address the challenges posed by an aging population and the increasing prevalence of age-related eye diseases.6.3 Artificial Intelligence: Explore the potential of AI in improving diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient outcomes in ophthalmology.Conclusion:English literature in the field of ophthalmology provides a wealth of knowledge on the anatomy, physiology, diseases, diagnostic techniques, surgical procedures, research advancements, and challenges in this specialized medical field. By analyzing and interpreting this literature, we gain valuable insights that contribute to the improvement of eye care and the development of innovative solutions for various eye conditions. With ongoing research and advancements, the future of ophthalmology looks promising in terms of better patient outcomes and enhanced quality of life.。
文献分析工作总结
文献分析工作总结
文献分析是科研工作中的重要环节，通过对相关文献的搜集、整理和分析，可
以帮助研究者深入了解某一领域的研究现状和进展，为自己的研究提供理论基础和方法指导。
在进行文献分析工作时，需要注意以下几个方面：
首先，要对研究的主题进行明确定义，明确自己所需要的文献类型和数量。
在
搜集文献时，可以利用各种文献数据库和检索工具，如Google Scholar、Web of Science等，以确保搜集到的文献具有代表性和权威性。
其次，要对搜集到的文献进行系统整理和分类。
可以根据文献的主题、研究方法、研究对象等进行分类，以便于后续的分析和比较。
同时，还可以利用文献管理工具，如EndNote、NoteExpress等，对文献进行管理和引用。
然后，要对文献进行深入的分析和比较。
可以对文献中的研究方法、实验设计、数据分析等进行详细的比较和评价，以找出不同文献之间的异同点，为自己的研究提供借鉴和启发。
最后，要对文献分析的结果进行总结和归纳。
可以将不同文献的研究成果进行
综合，提炼出相关领域的研究现状和发展趋势，为自己的研究提供理论支持和方法指导。
总之，文献分析是科研工作中不可或缺的一部分，通过系统的文献搜集、整理
和分析，可以帮助研究者深入了解某一领域的研究现状和进展，为自己的研究提供理论基础和方法指导。
希望研究者们能够重视文献分析工作，提高科研工作的质量和效率。
英文SCI论文写作时的结果讨论技巧
英文SCI论文写作时的结果讨论技巧引言结果讨论是科研论文的重要部分，它对实验结果进行解读和分析，并与已有的文献进行比较和讨论。
本文将介绍一些英文SCI论文写作时的结果讨论技巧，帮助作者更好地撰写出高质量的论文。
通过数据解读和图表展示尽可能清晰地阐述结果当撰写论文结果部分时，应使用清晰、简明的句子来解读实验数据。
同时，图表是结果讨论的重要辅助工具，可以帮助读者更好地理解研究结果。
合理地使用图表，清晰地展示数据，可以使读者对结果有直观的认识。
将结果与预期目标进行对比在结果讨论中，我们可以将实验结果与预期目标进行对比，以检验实验的有效性。
如果结果与预期目标一致，可以强调实验的合理性和准确性。
如果结构与预期目标不符，可以提出原因分析和可能存在的误差，并讨论可能的纠正方法。
通过对比结果和目标，可以使读者对实验结果有更深入的理解。
结果与已有文献进行比较和讨论在结果讨论中，与已有文献进行比较和讨论是至关重要的。
通过与文献进行对比，可以验证研究结果的可靠性，并进一步加深对结果的理解。
如果结果与已有文献的研究结果一致，可以加强实验的可信度。
如果结果与已有文献不同，可以提出新的见解和理论解释，并讨论其可能的原因。
结果限制和未来研究方向在结果讨论的结尾部分，应该明确指出实验结果的限制，并提出未来研究的方向。
这可以表明作者对研究结果的客观性，同时也为其他研究者提供了进一步探索的机会。
未来研究方向的提出可以是从缺陷或不足之处出发，展望后续研究的潜力和可能性。
结论结果讨论是SCI论文写作中的重要部分，本文介绍了一些技巧来撰写高质量的结果讨论。
通过清晰地解读实验数据，与预期目标进行对比，与已有文献进行比较和讨论，指出结果的限制和未来研究方向，作者可以使论文的结果讨论更富有说服力和深度。
英文文献解读
英文文献解读Reading academic literature in English can be a daunting task, especially for those not accustomed to the specialized language and complex sentence structures. However, with patience and the right approach, it becomes a gateway to a wealth of knowledge.Firstly, it's crucial to understand the context and the field of study the document pertains to. This initial understanding sets the stage for a deeper dive into the material. Familiarizing oneself with key terms and concepts is the first step towards grasping the content.Next, skimming the document is a strategic move. By quickly going through the headings, subheadings, and conclusions, one can get a sense of the structure and main points without getting bogged down in the details.As you delve deeper, take notes of the arguments presented, the evidence provided, and the conclusions drawn. This not only helps in retaining information but also in identifying the author's perspective and the study's implications.Critical thinking is essential when interpreting English literature. Questioning the methodology, evaluating the evidence, and considering alternative viewpoints enriches one's understanding and appreciation of the work.Lastly, engaging with the literature by discussing itwith peers or mentors can offer new insights and perspectives. This collaborative approach can demystify complex ideas and solidify one's comprehension.In summary, interpreting English academic literature is a multifaceted process that involves understanding context, skimming for structure, noting key points, applying critical thinking, and engaging in discussion. It is a skill that,with practice, can greatly enhance one's academic and professional pursuits.。
微针英文文献解读
微针英文文献解读
下面为你解读一篇关于微针的英文文献：“Microneedle Patches with Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Properties for Infected Wound Healing”，中文译名为：具有抗菌和免疫调节特性的微针贴片用于感染伤口愈合。
背景：细菌生物膜的形成是持续感染的重要原因，会显著抑制伤口愈合。
生物膜的组成为抗菌剂的扩散提供了天然屏障，导致抗生素耐受性和耐药性。
因此，生物膜相关的持续感染难以治疗。
微环境激活的抗菌剂在治疗感染伤口方面具有巨大的治疗潜力。
方法\：研究团队开发了一种具有抗菌和免疫调节特性的微针（MN）贴片，该贴片结合了化学动力疗法、光热疗法，尖端Fe/PDA的M2巨噬细胞极化以及膜上腺碱基AP-MSNs的抗炎作用。
结果：这种微针贴片可以根除细菌感染并调节免疫微环境，是促进感染伤口愈合的有希望的临床候选药物。
结论：具有抗菌和免疫调节特性的微针贴片为感染伤口的愈合提供了一种新的治疗策略，具有广阔的临床应用前景。
毕业论文英文参考文献
毕业论文英文参考文献论文的参考文献是在英语专业论文写作过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。
征引过的文献在注释中已注明，不再出现于文后参考文献中。
下面是店铺带来的关于毕业论文英文参考文献的内容，欢迎阅读参考!毕业论文英文参考文献(一)[1]徐安律.原住民小说《圆屋》获美国国家图书奖[N].中华读书报，2012(004).[2]Coulombe,JosephL.ReadingNativeAmericanLiterature[M\. NewYork:Routledge,2011.[3]Erdrich,Louise.TheRoundHouse\M\.NewYork:HarperCollin sPublishers,2012.[J].作家，2013(12)：1.[4]杨恒.弱者的失语法律的缺位--评美国国家图书奖获奖作品《圆屋》[J].博览群书，2013(6)：84-88.[5]Said,Edward.CultureandImprerialism[M].NewYork:Vintage Books,1994.[6]Erdrich,Louise.LoveMedicine[M],NewYork:HarperPerennia l,1993.[7]罗世平.凝视：后殖民主义文学折射[J].国外文学，2006(4)：122.[8]任一鸣.《后殖民：批评理论与文学》[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2008.[9]Halliday,Lisa.LouiseErdrich[J].ParisReview,2010(52)：133-137.[10]温语晴.书写印第安文化的温暖和困境一美国当代作家路易丝·厄德里克和她的作品.[11]陈榕.《凝视》[A].《西方文论关键词》[C].ed.赵一凡.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2011.[12]Russo,Maria.Disturbing the spirits[i]. New York TimesBook Review, 2012(10): 9[13]Said, Edward. Culture and Imprerialism[M]. New York: Vintage Books,1994.[14]Fanon,Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth[M]. New York: Grove Press,1968.[15]徐安律.原住民小说《圆屋》获美国国家图书奖[N].中华读书报，2012(004).毕业论文英文参考文献(二)[1] 陈鹏.高速公路服务区及收费站建筑节能研究[D].中南大学，2007[2] 清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告[M]2014.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2014:39[3] 李慧玲.绿色建筑理念下的高速公路服务区建筑设计研究[D].西安：长安大学，2011[4] 公通字[2009]46 号.民用建筑外保温系统及外墙装饰防火暂行规定[S].新乡市建筑工程质量监督站印发.2009[5] 汤旭东.建筑工程中的现浇聚苯复合材料屋面保温技术[J].江西建材，2014,(11)：45[6] 杨欣霖.高速公路服务区绿色建筑技术体系研究[D].西安：长安大学，2011[7] 欧志华，郭俊明.浅谈我国建筑节能50%设计标准的含义[J].建筑节能，2007,35(12)：60-62[8] 邹惠芬，王国业，郭立杰等.严寒地区窗户热工性能对建筑能耗的影响分析[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版).2009,25(5)：982-986[9] 崔洪军，刘孔杰.国外服务区建设及研究现状[J].中国交通报，2008,(12)：138-139[10] 郎松军.建筑结露的起因和防治方法初探[J].四川建筑，2002,22(Z1)：201-203[11] 王金奎，史慧芳，邵旭.体形系数在公共建筑节能设计中的应用[J].低温建筑技术，2010,(5)：98-99[12] 王丽颖，丘雨佳.对德国被动式居住建筑节能技术的考察[J].长春工程学院学报，2013,14(3)：38-40[13] 赖有志，陆京海，杨军霞，张童.现浇轻质泡沫混凝土在屋面工程中的应用[J].施工技术.2011,40(14)：79-94毕业论文英文参考文献(三)[1]蒋花，史志康.整合与对话一论《金色笔记》中的戏仿[J].当代外国文学，2007(2)：78.[2]黄梅.女人的危机和小说的危机--女人与小说杂谈之四[J].读书，1988(01)：5.[3]孙宗白.真诚的女作家多丽丝·莱辛[J].外国文学研宄，1981(3)：70.[4]施旻.《金色笔记》是女性主义文本吗·一关于多丽丝·莱辛及其《金色笔记》的论争[J].东岳论丛，2000(5)： 132-134.[5]李福祥.多丽丝·莱辛笔下的政治与妇女主题[J].外国文学评论，1993(4)：40-43[6]黎会华·多丽丝·莱辛《金色笔记》中的现代主义技巧分析[J].外语研究，2003(6)：73.[7]陈才宇，刘新民.金色笔记[M].北京：译林出版社，2000.[8]黎会华·解构菲勒斯中心：构建新型女性主义主体一《金色笔记》的女性主义阅读[J].浙江师范大学学报，2004(3)：33.[9]韩小敏，纪卫宁.析伍尔夫与莱辛文学创作的相似性[J].理论专刊，2004(8)：125-126.[10]姜红.有意味的形式[J].外国文学，2003(4)：96-98.[11]徐燕.《金色笔记》的超小说艺术[J].宁波大学学报，2003(3)：78-80[12]蒋花，史志康.整合与对话一论《金色笔记》中的戏仿[J].当代外国文学，2007(2)：78.[13]卢婧.《金色笔记》的艺术形式与作者莱辛的人生体验[D].南京师范大学博士学位论文，2008.[14]佘海若.迟来的正义：被缚的自由女性一记2007年诺贝尔文学奖[J].今日科苑，2007(23)： 19-24.[15]刘颖.建构女性的主体性话语一评多丽丝·莱辛的《金色笔记》[J].邵阳学院学报，2004(4).[16]范晓红.从《金色笔记》解读多丽丝·莱辛的生态整体观[D].南京师范大学，2011.[17]Brewster, Dorothy. Doris Lessing\M\. New York: Wayne, 1965: 161.[18]Spilka, Mark. Lessing and Lawrence: the Battle of theContemporary Literature,1975(16)： 218-240.。
英文文献
附录2 英文文献中文译文采用微核和RAPD研究波斯湾岩石牡蛎的遗传毒性Farhadi,A.Farahmand,H.*,Mirvaghefi,A.and Khalili,B摘要：微核（MN)和双核（BN）以及RAPD（随机扩增多态性DNA）被作为新的生物标志物，对双壳贝类，鱼类，甚至人类进行了毒性损伤及相关的遗传毒性研究。
然而，到目前为止，在伊朗的波斯湾还没有这样的研究记录。
对于这个提议，我们分析了从两个地区收集岩石牡蛎的鳃细胞微核的频率和RAPD分析，结果显示出石油污染物相对较高。
研究结果显示Mahshahr码头岩石牡蛎的微核频率显著高于Dayer 码头（(p<0.05）。
在Mahshahr码头的个体中也观察到双核细胞。
此外，RAPD分析表明在污染区域个体间有较小多样性。
这项研究表明，微核和RAPD分析被认为是对波斯湾沿海地区水生生物多样性的污染评价的有效的方法。
关键字:微核，双核，RAPD，岩石牡蛎，污染前言目前，工业、农业和生活废弃物直接进入地表水体，对其造成生态破坏，越来越引起人们的关注(Taseli,2009,Nasrabadi et al.,2010, Nabi bidhendi et al.,2007,Mahmoudi et al.,2010, Nakane and Haidary, 2010)。
这些污染物大多具有遗传毒性(Jha et al.,2004; Ohea et al.,2004; Chen and White,2004)。
牡蛎是一种滤食性动物(Saccostrea cuculata Born, 1778)，营固着生活，大多生活在多岩石的海岸，如波斯湾码头海岸(Hosseinzadeh, 1991)。
因为生活方式的原因，这类生物也无法避免这种污染，(Salzar and Salzar, 2001)。
这个物种有微弱的解读能力，所以他们能够很好地反映这种毒性。
可以使用生物监测的新方法来检测这个指标(Monserrat et al.,2006)。
英文文献的常见类型
英文文献的常见类型
学术期刊文章
原创研究论文：报告首次发现或对现有知识的重大贡献的研究成果。
综述论文：批判性地评估现有文献，总结特定主题的当前状态和未来方向。
专题论文：提供对特定主题的深入探讨，包括历史背景、理论框架和实证证据。
方法论论文：介绍和评估研究方法，讨论其优点和局限性。
病例报告：描述罕见或具有教学意义的病例，有助于临床知识的传播。
学术专著
学术专著：对特定主题的深入全面的研究，通常由一名或多名
学者撰写。
编著：由多位作者撰写的章节集，涵盖特定领域的各个方面。
手册：提供特定学科或主题的实用指南，通常由多位专家撰写。
会议论文集
会议论文：在学术会议上发表的论文，通常包含正在进行的研
究或新发现的摘要。
会议论文集：收集并发表在特定会议上发表的论文。
学位论文
硕士论文：对特定课题进行深入研究，通常作为硕士学位的一
部分撰写。
博士论文：对特定课题进行原创性研究，通常作为博士学位的
一部分撰写。
技术报告
技术报告：记录研究成果、项目进展或技术发展的正式文件。
白皮书：阐述特定技术问题或解决方案的综合报告。
其他类型
评论：对已发表研究或其他出版物的批判性评估。
访谈：对专家或主题专家进行正式采访，以收集见解和信息。
文献综述：对特定主题的已发表文献进行系统性的总结和分析。
传记：个人的生活和职业的详细描述。
自传：个人撰写的自己生活的叙述。
关于膜分离的英文文献解读
关于膜分离的英文文献解读Membrane Separation Technology: A Comprehensive ReviewMembrane separation technology has emerged as a versatile and efficient approach in various industrial and scientific applications. This technology has gained significant attention due to its ability to selectively separate and purify a wide range of substances, including gases, liquids, and solids, while offering energy-efficient and environmentally friendly solutions. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the fundamental principles of membrane separation, its historical development, and the diverse applications that have been explored and implemented across various sectors.Membrane separation technology is based on the selective permeation of specific components through a semi-permeable membrane. This membrane acts as a barrier, allowing the passage of certain molecules or ions while retaining others, depending on the membrane's pore size, surface properties, and the physicochemical characteristics of the feed stream. The driving force for the separation process can be pressure, concentration, or electrical potential differences across the membrane.The historical development of membrane separation technology can be traced back to the early 19th century when the concept of osmosis was first observed and studied. Over the years, significant advancements have been made in membrane materials, module design, and manufacturing techniques, leading to the emergence of a wide range of membrane-based separation processes. These include reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF), gas separation, and pervaporation, among others.One of the key advantages of membrane separation technology is its energy efficiency compared to traditional separation methods, such as distillation or adsorption. Membrane processes often require lower operating temperatures and pressures, resulting in reduced energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, membrane systems can be easily scaled up or down to meet varying demands, making them highly adaptable to different applications.The diverse applications of membrane separation technology span a wide range of industries, including water treatment, food and beverage processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, chemical processing, and energy production. In the water treatment sector, membrane technologies have been extensively used for desalination, wastewater purification, and the removal of contaminants such as heavy metals, organic compounds, and microorganisms. In the foodand beverage industry, membrane filtration is employed for the clarification, concentration, and purification of various products, including fruit juices, dairy products, and beer.In the pharmaceutical industry, membrane separation is crucial for the purification and isolation of active pharmaceutical ingredients, proteins, and other biomolecules. The high selectivity and gentle operating conditions of membrane processes make them particularly suitable for the handling of sensitive and valuable compounds. Additionally, membrane technology has found applications in the energy sector, where it is used for the separation and purification of natural gas, hydrogen production, and carbon capture and storage.Despite the numerous advantages of membrane separation technology, there are also challenges and limitations that need to be addressed. Membrane fouling, where the accumulation of contaminants on the membrane surface or within the pores reduces the efficiency and lifespan of the membrane, is a common issue that requires careful membrane selection, pretreatment, and cleaning strategies. Additionally, the development of novel membrane materials with improved permeability, selectivity, and fouling resistance is an active area of research, aiming to enhance the performance and expand the applications of membrane separation technology.In conclusion, membrane separation technology has emerged as a transformative approach in various industries, offering energy-efficient and environmentally friendly solutions for the separation and purification of a wide range of substances. As research and development continue to advance, we can expect to see further innovations and breakthroughs in membrane materials, module design, and process optimization, leading to even greater advancements in this field. The continued adoption and optimization of membrane separation technology will play a crucial role in addressing the growing demands for sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective separation processes across diverse industries.。
如何高效地阅读英文文献资料
如何高效地阅读英文文献资料在如今科技高速发展的时代里，我们需要大量的信息来完成我们的学术和研究任务。
英文文献资料是我们必须要读懂的，这对于非英语母语的学者就更为具有挑战性。
读懂英文文献资料不仅仅是理解简单的句子和单词，还需要我们掌握英语语法及学科特定的词汇、缩略语和符号。
然而，如何高效地阅读英文文献资料呢？以下是一些实用的技巧供大家参考：一、构建有效的阅读策略首先，要有策略地阅读资料。
这可以帮助我们快速识别资料中的重点内容，避免阅读和记忆过多无关信息。
常用的阅读策略包括扫描和略读两种。
扫描意味着快速地浏览文献资料，对有关的关键词或词组进行标记和记录。
略读则是指整体感知文献内容，确定文章的大意和主要结论。
另外，合理安排时间也是高效阅读的重要策略。
读取文献时，你要确保有足够的时间，并且可以保持专注。
如果你感到分心或疲惫，可以休息一会儿，回来时再继续阅读。
如果时间不足，可以先查看摘要和结论，以确定文献是否与你的研究项目相关。
二、学习强大的词汇推断技巧阅读英文文献资料，一个常见的问题就是生词过多。
推断词意的技巧能帮助非英语母语的读者理解生词的意思。
例如，利用上下文推断生词的含义，重复出现的词汇也可以提供一些线索。
如果遇到专业术语，可以在文献中搜索这些术语和定义。
同时，我们也可以利用英文的词缀来帮助我们理解单词的意思。
例如，“dis”表示“不”或“解除”，“-logy”表示“研究”，所以“dis-ecology”表示“破坏生态系统”。
三、对于数据和图表如何处理很多学科领域都涉及到数据和图表的阅读。
可能会使用条形图、饼状图和线形图等。
了解这些图表的特点和解读方法能够更快速有效地理解论文内容。
当你遇到图表时，要注意思考以下问题：1）数据来源是什么？有没有来源的限制？2）有什么趋势和规律？3）有什么重点数据？数据之间有哪些差异和相似之处？4）图表和数据是如何解释的？结果的影响是什么？四、寻找更广泛的资源阅读资料不仅仅是在图书馆读书，还可以大量利用互联网查找相关的高质量资源。
水生动物疾病英文文献解读
水生动物疾病英文文献解读Waterborne Animal Diseases: Interpreting English Literature.Interpreting English literature on waterborne animal diseases requires a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter from multiple perspectives. Waterborne animal diseases refer to illnesses that affect aquatic organisms, including fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other marine and freshwater animals. In this interpretation, we will analyze and discuss various aspects related to waterborne animal diseases as presented in English literature.Firstly, it is important to explore the causes and transmission of waterborne animal diseases. These diseases can be caused by various factors, including viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic agents. Understanding the mechanisms of transmission is crucial for effective disease management and prevention. Factors such as contaminatedwater sources, poor water quality, overcrowding, and stress can contribute to the spread of these diseases among aquatic populations.Secondly, the symptoms and clinical manifestations of waterborne animal diseases should be thoroughly examined. Different diseases may present with specific signs, including abnormal behavior, changes in appetite, skin lesions, respiratory distress, and reproductive abnormalities. Accurate diagnosis of these diseases is essential for implementing appropriate treatment andcontrol measures.Furthermore, it is necessary to study the impact of waterborne animal diseases on ecological systems. Outbreaks of these diseases can have significant ecological consequences, leading to population declines, altered species interactions, and disruptions in food webs. Understanding the ecological implications of these diseases is crucial for maintaining the balance and health of aquatic ecosystems.Additionally, the management and prevention strategies for waterborne animal diseases should be discussed. This may include implementing biosecurity measures, such as quarantine protocols and regular health screenings, to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases. Furthermore, proper water management practices, including maintaining optimal water quality and providing adequate space for aquatic organisms, can help reduce the risk of disease outbreaks.In conclusion, interpreting English literature on waterborne animal diseases requires a comprehensive analysis from various angles. This involves understanding the causes and transmission of these diseases, recognizing their symptoms and clinical manifestations, assessing their ecological impacts, and exploring effective management and prevention strategies. By delving into these aspects, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of waterborne animal diseases and contribute to their control and prevention efforts.。
如何了解英文作文结尾
如何了解英文作文结尾英文，To understand the ending of an English essay, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, the conclusion should summarize the main points of the essay and tie them together. It should also leave a lasting impression on the reader. One way to do this is to end with a thought-provoking statement or a call to action. Another important aspect is to avoid introducing new information in the conclusion. Instead, focus on reinforcing the ideas presented in the body of the essay.An effective way to learn about different types of essay endings is to read examples from various sources. For instance, you can look at essays written by professional writers, or read essays online that have been published in reputable journals or magazines. By analyzing the structure and content of these essays, you can gain a better understanding of how to craft a strong conclusion.中文，要了解英文作文的结尾，需要注意几个方面。
如何解读文献
如何解读文献如何解读文献1.牛人一（从phd到现在工作半年,发了12篇paper, 7篇first author.）我现在每天还保持读至少2-3篇的文献的习惯.读文献有不同的读法.但最重要的自己总结概括这篇文献到底说了什么,否则就是白读,读的时候好像什么都明白,一合上就什么都不知道,这是读文献的大忌,既浪费时间,最重要的是,没有养成良好的习惯,导致以后不愿意读文献.1. 每次读完文献(不管是细读还是粗读), 合上文献后,想想看,文章最重要的take home message是什么, 如果不知道,就从abstract, conclusion里找, 并且从discuss里最好确认一下. 这样一来, 一篇文章就过关了. take home message其实都不会很多, 基本上是一些concepts, 如果你发现你需要记得很多,那往往是没有读到重点.2. 扩充知识面的读法, 重点读introduction, 看人家提出的问题, 以及目前的进展类似的文章, 每天读一两篇,一个月内就基本上对这个领域的某个方向有个大概的了解.读好的review也行, 但这样人容易懒惰.3. 为了写文章的读法, 读文章的时候, 尤其是看discussion的时候, 看到好的英文句型, 最好有意识的记一下,看一下作者是谁,哪篇文章,哪个期刊, 这样以后照猫画虎写的时候,效率高些.比自己在那里半天琢磨出一个句子强的多. 当然,读的多,写的多,你需要记得句型就越少.其实很简单,有意识的去总结和记亿, 就不容易忘记.2.科研牛人二告诉研究生怎么看文献，怎么写论文一、先看综述先读综述,可以更好地认识课题,知道已经做出什么，自己要做什么,,还有什么问题没有解决。
对于国内文献一般批评的声音很多.但它是你迅速了解你的研究领域的入口,在此之后,你再看外文文献会比一开始直接看外文文献理解的快得多。
而国外的综述多为本学科的资深人士撰写，涉及范围广，可以让人事半功倍。
微针透皮英文文献解读
微针透皮英文文献解读微针透皮（Microneedling）是一种新型的皮肤治疗方法，通过微小的针头刺激皮肤表面，创造微小的通道，促进皮肤再生和修复。
在英文文献中，微针透皮也被称为“Derma Rolling”或“Micro Penetration”。
近年来，微针透皮技术在美容和皮肤医学领域得到了广泛的研究和应用。
大量的研究表明，微针透皮能够有效地改善皮肤质地、减少皱纹、提亮肤色等方面。
它也被广泛应用于治疗痤疮疤痕、痘印、妊娠纹等皮肤问题。
微针透皮的作用机制主要包括两个方面。
首先，微针透皮能够刺激皮肤表面的胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的再生。
胶原蛋白是皮肤的主要结构成分，能够保持皮肤的弹性和紧致度。
弹性蛋白则是皮肤中的一种弹性纤维，能够使皮肤恢复原状。
微针透皮通过刺激这些蛋白质的再生，改善皮肤的弹性和质地，减少皱纹的产生。
其次，微针透皮能够促进皮肤细胞的再生和修复。
当微针透皮刺激皮肤表面时，它会刺激皮肤细胞的增殖和分化。
这些新生的细胞会替代老化的细胞，使皮肤更加健康和年轻。
此外，微针透皮还能够刺激皮肤的血液供应，促进营养物质的输送和废物的排出，进一步加速皮肤的再生和修复过程。
虽然微针透皮技术具有许多优点，但是它也有一些潜在的风险和注意事项。
首先，微针透皮可能会导致皮肤出血和感染的风险。
因此，在进行治疗前，需要进行彻底的消毒和无菌操作。
其次，微针透皮不适合所有人群。
例如，对于皮肤敏感或过敏的人群、孕妇和哺乳期妇女等人群来说，需要进行特别谨慎的评估和治疗。
此外，微针透皮的治疗效果需要一定的时间才能显现，需要耐心地进行治疗和管理。
总之，微针透皮技术是一种有效的皮肤治疗方法，具有许多优点和应用前景。
然而，在进行治疗前需要进行充分的评估和准备，并遵循医生的建议和指导。
通过科学合理的应用和管理，微针透皮技术可以帮助我们改善皮肤状况，提高生活质量。
关于“飘”英文文献综述范文
The Integrity of Human and Nature———An Analysis of Gone with the Wind from thePerspective of Eco-feminismIt’s generally accepted that Gone with the Wind is a popular novel except a few people thought it is not worth reading. Due to some controversial problems had been discussed in the book so the novel was neglected for a long time by critics, such as its descriptions of the black, of the reconstruction after the war and of ku klux klan and so on. However, Donald W. Miller praised the book as a great epic which influences a number of people of different generations and nations. Recently people come to realize there is something significant behind the big work so that more and more people are addressing themselves to study it from many perspectives.Firstly, there are some essays about the relationship between Margaret Mitchell and Scarlett. Carolyn Gage, described a true-life Mitchell who suffered great grief after her fiancé’s death and then got flash marriage to a bootlegger which took her little happiness, later, even though she enjoyed a fast pace of life she could not escape the stigma of her gender, so when Mitchell reinvested herself in the novel she rewrote life the way she thought it should have been, therefore, she created a right man instead of the dashing and sexually charismatic alcoholic. In this way, Gage concluded that Mitchell’s writing purpose was to reveal thedelusion of female life and escape from her shadowy preceding life, so Gage appealed that females should not live in dream under the patriarchal society, but take Scarlett for example, to live in present and pursue what they need.Secondly, female consciousness of tomorrow catches people’s attention. Luo Minyu considered Scarlett’s consciousness of tomorrow as a kind of expectation: expecting the equality between men and women, a peaceful world and happy homeland and a true love.Thirdly, another popular topic is the comparison between Scarlett and some females in other works, such as Jane Eyre or Wang Xifeng. Zhai Xu compared Scarlett and Wang Xifeng and thought that they were a typical paragon of feminism who possessed the awareness of Women’s Awakening; both were brave, strong-minded, independent and rebellious against the restrictions which set against the females by the society of their own time. Fourth, the Tara Theme is also noticeable, and Vicki L. Eaklor pointed out that “Tara Theme” was the story’s musical leitmotif as Tara was repeated frequently in the novel and it was Scarlette’s spiritual pillar. The war destroys Scarlett’s family as well as her happy life, but it did not defeat Scarlett as she had Tara beside her which gave her strength, every time she got into trouble she turned to Tara for comfort and encouragement, while Tara had trouble,Scarlett safeguarded it by all means.Besides, a majority of professors analyzed the novel from the perspective of feminism. Both Gu Shaoyang and Wang Yanli acclaimed the novel was a great one, not only because it reflected female’s self-awareness, especially after the war broken out and women had to go out to realize their economic independence, but also because it confirmed women’s contribution to the society, praised their fraternity, selflessness and rebellious spirit, and revealed the belief that women should be liberated from families. Wu Shijuan and Xie Jingzhi also thought that Scarlett was a heroic female since she dared to break the traditional prejudice that “females are inferior to males”. She was brave enough to walk out of the house and entered into the “patriarchy’s world”and competed against the men for her economic independence. In Liu Xiaoyong’s essay, he pointed out that Scarlett was increasingly maturing and in the end became a Southern new woman with strong feminist leanings along with the advance of war and industrialization. When it comes to Zhou Yaming, he deeply analyzed Scarlett’s struggle, success and failure and her psychical conflict in her pursuit of material and love, and then he put forward that Rhett, one of the representatives of male, his leaving possibly meant the male’s loss to conquer female; meanwhile, Scarlett suffered great loss: she lost her true love and happy life. And in the game no one won. Therefore, Zhou concluded that this complex bisexual relationship reflected Mitchell’s desire, rebel, conquer andregression toward male, and her wish of a harmony bisexual relationship.In addition, some critics tried to analyze the novel from the perspective of eco-feminism, which studies the close relationship between female and nature. This is a most novel and interesting way to analyze the book. Zhen Jigen generalized that Tara and the lumber mill were the resources for Scarlett’s eco-feminism, in which it was not the male who conquered and oppressed the land as well as conquered the female, but a young lady who called Scarlett conquered the land and men’s will, as Scarlett unexpectedly disobeyed her second husband’s will to operate the lumber mill and proved rather successfully; when she came back to Tara during the war she could manage the plantation without the help of man and finally possessed the supreme dominion. So Zhen concluded that these behaviors were a good match with the ecofeminist’s opinion, that female and nature were linked together in the term of creating and maintaining life, and natural process abode by female principles of motile creativity, diversity, integrity, sustainability and sanctity of life. When it came to Cao Peihong, she focused on the three kinds of links between nature and women. First link was a symbolic one which stated women’s “naturalized”and nature’s “feminized”; second one was the experiential link about the hardships and humiliation suffered by women and nature in patriarchal societies; third one was about females and nature’status link which embodied in females’folly and nature’identification as the field and background of human activities. Then she discussed in detail about their mutual dependence ——females were caretakers of nature while nature was the haven for females. Take house (which was an important part of nature according to eco-feminist) for example, Cao acclaimed women playing a great role in managing the house and plantation before, during and after the war; and the reasons why women were willing to commit any kind of sacrifice lied in houses’illustration of women’s beauty and traits, as houses were the place for women to convey their feeling through the order and decorations and furniture; but the most important thing was women had a deep love for those dwellings, in a word, houses as well as nature were haven for women in hard time.To sum up, the above critical reviews on Gone with the Wind may represent the major achievements of the studies of this novel in the recent decades. These studies have effectively advanced the exploration of the novel, broadened readers’vision as well as deepened readers’comprehension of it. The eco-feminism theory sums up early scholars’two separate topic of feminism and Tara Theme, and then analyzes the novel from a new way which links nature and female together. However, the essays of eco-feminism only use the theory to analyze Scarlett’s eco-feminism thoughts and her relative manifestations, in the novel it appears as Scarlett’s deep attachment to Tara and her every endeavor toprotect it from being destroyed, in turn, Tara is her spiritual pillar which will help her come through every difficulty. But the purpose and significance of the eco-feminism have not been further exposited. On the one hand, the reason why Scarlett tried her best to strive for more rights and final say was not only to satisfy her vanity but to be as free as men and to be treated equally as men. On the other hand, the purpose of eco-feminism is not to establish a society where female are at last over or conquer male, but pursue the balance between female and male, human and nonhuman nature, especially nowadays, due to many reasons, women haven’t fully displayed their talents to better the world which suffers the crises of ecological environment and threat of wars, which shows the relationship between nature and human beings is not so harmonious.Therefore, in this thesis, the eco-feministic point of view will be used to figure out the close relationship between female and nature in the novel to encourage the society especially the patriarchy-centered society to treat feminism seriously and respect them; to encourage the feminists to care for the ecology, and to do more by their strength to be against wars in the world since wars destroy the lands and kill people which both belong to the nature；to encourage the society to build a new environment where female and male, human and nonhuman nature are equal and harmonious.Bibliography:[1]Cao Peihong. A Study of Eco-feminism in Gone with the wind[D].Northeast Normal University, 2007.[2]Gage, Carolyn.Tara and Other Lies-Margaret and the real RhettButler[J]. On the Issues, V ol. 6, No. 2; Pg. 34; 1997.[3]Liu Xiaoyong.Scarlett O Hara: An Increasingly Maturing SouthernNew Woman [D]. Hunan Normal University, 2003.[4]Madsen, L. Debirag. Feminist Theory and Literary Practice[M]. PlutoPress, 2006.[5]Miller, W. Donald. “Gone With the Wind: An American Epic.”/miller/miller22.html.2007-04/2008-05-23.[6]Vicki L. Eaklor. Striking Chords and Touching Nerves: Myth andGender in Gone with the wind./2002/features/gwtw/[7]Zhou Xianghua.The Fate Concerto of Nature and Women [D].Nanchang Univeristy, 2007.[8]顾韶阳，王丽艳. 《飘》与妇女觉醒——《飘》中女性价值观浅析[J]. 西安外国语学院报, 2003(09): 67-69.[9]罗闵钰. 解读《飘》的“明天意识”[J]. 昆明大学学报，2005(1):38-42.[10]吴世娟. 漫谈《飘》中的女性主义思想[J]. 焦作大学学报,2006(10): 28-29.[11]谢景芝. 《飘》中郝思嘉形象魅力解读[J]. 河南大学学报，2005(2):85-88.[12]翟旭.《红楼梦》中的王熙凤与《飘》中的郝思嘉[J]. 沈阳师范大学学报, 2007(5):113-115.[13]张京晨.《飘》中的战争与女性[J]. 北京市计划劳动管理干部学院学报，2006(1): 61-63.[14]郑际根. 种植园土壤上的女权主义之花——《飘》中女主人公郝思嘉[J]. 湘潭师范学院学报，2007(06): 118-119.[15]周亚明. 郝思嘉女性意识的深度审视[J]. 洛阳师范大学学院学报,2006(06): 66-68.。
sci阅读报告
SCI阅读报告一、引言SCI（科学引文索引）是全球范围内广泛使用的学术文献数据库，涵盖了自然科学、工程技术、医学等多个领域。
通过阅读SCI文献，可以了解学术前沿、研究成果和最新进展，对于学术研究和个人发展具有重要意义。
本报告将对SCI文献阅读进行简要介绍，并提出一些阅读建议。
二、SCI文献阅读的重要性1.了解学术前沿：SCI文献收录了全球范围内的高水平学术论文，通过阅读这些文献，可以及时了解相关领域的最新研究动态和学术前沿。
2.获取研究思路和方法：通过阅读SCI文献，可以学习到国际一流学者在相关领域的研究思路和方法，为自己的研究提供借鉴和参考。
3.提高自身综合素质：阅读SCI文献有助于提高自身的学术素养和综合素质，增强跨学科交流和合作的能力。
三、SCI文献阅读方法1.确定阅读目的：在开始阅读SCI文献前，首先要明确自己的阅读目的，是了解学术前沿、学习研究方法还是解决具体问题。
2.选择合适的文献：根据阅读目的，选择与自己研究方向相关的SCI文献进行阅读。
可以从学术期刊、学术会议论文集等途径获取文献。
3.阅读过程：在阅读过程中，要注意把握文章的主旨和逻辑结构，理解作者的思路和方法。
同时，要认真分析图表和数据，深入理解研究结果和意义。
4.笔记和总结：在阅读过程中，可以做好笔记，记录自己的思考和见解。
阅读结束后，可以对所读文献进行总结和归纳，提炼出有价值的经验和启示。
四、建议与注意事项1.注重质量：在选择SCI文献时，要注重文献的质量和权威性，优先选择发表在高水平期刊上的论文。
2.培养批判性思维：在阅读过程中，要保持批判性思维，对文献中的观点和方法进行客观分析和评价。
3.避免过度依赖：不要过度依赖SCI文献，还要注重其他学术资源的利用，如国内期刊、学位论文等。
4.注意语言和写作能力提升：通过阅读SCI文献，可以提升自身的英语水平和写作能力，为今后的学术研究和论文发表打下基础。
五、结论SCI文献阅读对于学术研究和个人发展具有重要意义。
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otherwise. UNION=1 if the ith employee is an union member, 0 otherwise.
第四部分讲的是以定量分析的方法比较两国在 HPWPS应用方面的差别。
第五部分即建立模型进行检验假设。
第六部分讲的是通过图表分析检验HPWPS是否 旨在为员工提供诸如利润分享计划等群体奖励 。
第七部分讲的是高绩效工作实践和员工建言的 关系，即他们之间有显著性影响。
第八部分结论：尽管两国之间在很多方面存在 差异，但是HPWPS确实能够对两国员工建言意 识的加强和发展起到促进和推动作用 。
本文的特点
通过对比两国之间多方面的差异，来证明两国 之间在人口方面差异。
本文结合定量分析和定性分析来佐证文章的核 心观点，增加了文章观点的可信度。有助于使 读者相信。
运用多种统计分析方法，例如最小二乘估计、 分类汇总方法、有序概率估计等
在统计分析中，创建多个控制变量即对它的各 个水平进行赋值，有助于对数据进行多样化分 析。
0 otherwise. BLUE=1 if the ith employee is working in production as an operator or
a maitenance worker, 0 otherwise (omitted as a reference group). TECH=1 if the ith employee is an engineer or a scientist, 0 otherwise. STAFF=1 if the ith employee is working in accounting, finance, human
方差分析可分为：单因素方差分析、多因素方 差分析、协方差分析
方差分析的假定；样本独立性、观测值 从正态总体中抽取，且方差相等。
方差分析是通过对F分布的统计量的检验 做出拒绝或不能拒绝原假设的决策。
F=水平间方差/水平内方差=组间方差/组 内方差
对程序公平、权力距离和高 绩效工作系统的总结
MIDCAR=1 if the ith employee is a mid-career hire, 0 otherwise. MALE=1 if the ith employee is male, 0 otherwise. HIGHEDU=1 if the ith employee has some college education, 0
英文文献解读之总结
第二组
李园
方差分析
方差分析是从观测变量的方差入手，研究诸多 控制变量中哪些变量是对观测变量有显著影响 的变量，还有对观测变量有显著性影响的各个 控制变量其不同水平以及各水平的交互搭配是 如何影响观测变量的。
方差分析正是通过推断控制变量各个水平下个 观测变量的总体分布是否有显著差异来实现其 分析目标的。
言意识的加强和发展起到促进和推动作用，尽 管两国的情况有所不同，但两国的相似之处是 要多于差异的，也就是说HPWPS对亚洲两大经 济体是都是存在显著性影响的。
各部分内容的概括
第一部分讲的是引用和介绍
第二部分讲的是对“亚洲工人代表和参与”的 调查，继而引出日本和韩国在人口特点方面的 差异。
第三部分讲的是通过引入和创建变量来比较两 国被调查者在建言方面的差异。
otherwise. NORANK=1 if the ith employee has no supervisory responsibilities, 0
otherwise. ULBOT=1 if the ith employee is a grassroots-level union representative,
本篇文章分为六大部分。分别为：引出 问题，建立模型，提出假设，样本收集， 图表分析，得出结论。
各阶段内容的概括
在提出问题阶段中，文章是论述程序公平和权力距离 对HPWS及员工态度的作用。
在建立模型阶段中，将变量分为两个层面进行分析， 其中组织层面的有高绩效工作系统和权力距离，个人 层面的有程序公平、情感承诺和工作满意度。
在提出假设阶段中，根据样本将其分成三个层次的假 设。
在对样本进行收集阶段中，目前的研究调查了在中国 （北京），新加坡和台湾的制造业和服务业大公司的 员工。
在图表分析阶段中，问卷采用了李克特7点量表法 最后得出结论，高绩效工作系统与权力距离、程序公
平之间有显著地影响
优缺点
该文章通过引用大量的数据进行实证和规范分 析，证明程序公平和权力距离对HPWS及员工 态度之间有显著性作用。
运用统计分析工具，在此基础之上进行定量和 定性分析，更能准确证明作者的观点的正确性 例如：表一采用相关分析和内部一致性信度检 验
文章的限制和不足也是很明显的。如只采用横 截面数据，而对时间序列数据没有引用。
样本也存在一定的局限性。
对高绩效工作系统和员工建言 的总结
本文共分为八部分 其核心思想是：HPWPS确实能够对两国员工建
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