英文论文常用词汇-自己总结

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英语优缺点自我介绍

英语优缺点自我介绍篇一：英文简历中常用的自我优点描述词汇英文简历中常用的自我优点描述词汇1. Mature, dynamic and honest. 思想成熟、精明能干、为人诚实。

2. Excellent ability of systematical management. 有极强的系统管理能力。

3. Ability to work independent1y, mature and resourcefu1. 能够独立工作、思想成熟、应变能力强。

4. A person with ability plus flexibility should app1y. 需要有能力及适应力强的人。

5. A stable personality and high sense of responsibility are desirable. 个性稳重、具高度责任感。

6. Work well with a multi-culturaland diverse work force. 能在不同文化和工作人员的背景下出色工作。

7. Bright, aggressive applicants. 反应快、有进取心的应聘者。

8. Ambitious attitude essential. 有雄心壮志。

9. Initiative, independent and good communication skill. 积极主动独立能力强，并有良好交际技能。

10. Willing to work under pressure with leadership quality. 愿意在压力下工作，并具领导素质。

11. Willing to assume responsibilities. 应聘者须勇于挑重担。

12. Mature, self-motivated and strong interpersonal skills. 思想成熟、上进心强，并具极丰富的人际关系技巧。

常考英语万能作文模板

常考英语万能作文模板英文回答：Introduction。

In an increasingly interconnected world, the ability to communicate effectively in English has become an essential skill for both personal and professional success. As a result, many students and individuals alike seek to improve their English writing fluency, particularly in the context of essay writing. To assist them in this endeavor, this comprehensive guide provides a foundational understanding of essential essay structures, commonly used vocabulary, and effective writing techniques. By following the principles outlined herein, aspiring writers can enhance their English essay writing abilities and achieve their desired level of proficiency.Paragraph Structure。

The cornerstone of any well-structured essay is its paragraph construction. An effective paragraph typically adheres to the following format:Topic Sentence: The opening sentence, which introduces the main idea or argument of the paragraph.Supporting Sentences: A series of sentences that provide evidence, examples, or explanations to support the topic sentence.Concluding Sentence: A sentence that summarizes or restates the main point of the paragraph and transitions into the next paragraph.Essay Structure。

英语词汇记忆论文

浅谈英语词汇的记忆摘要：中学生在学习英语的过程中，最感头疼的是记忆单词。

尽管他们花了大量的时间和精力记单词，可总是记不住！原因何在呢？那就是他们没有掌握科学的记忆方法。

英语词汇的记忆可以说是整个英语学习的基础，没有词汇量就不可能有高水平的外语能力。

一、读音规则记忆法它就是按照元音字母、元音字母组合、辅音字母及辅音字母组合在开音节和闭音节的读音规律记忆。

例如：ea，ee，er，ir，ur，or分别能发［i：］［：］［：］等。

还有些固定的字母组合，例如：tion 发［］或［］，ture发［］，ing发［i］，ly发［li］，ty发［ti］和各种前缀、后缀，例如：a-，re-，un-，dis-，im-；-ed，-ing，-ly，-er，-or，-ful，-y等都有其比较固定的发音。

掌握了这些规则，记单词时就不必一个字母一个字母地记忆了。

二、字母变化记忆法英语单词中以某个单词为基础，加、减、换、调一个字母就成了另一个新单词。

具体方法如下：1.前面加字母。

例如：is/his，ear/near/hear，read/bread2.后面加字母。

例如：hear/heart，you/your，plane/planet3.中间加字母。

例如：though/through，tree/three，for/four4.减字母。

例如：she/he，close/lose，start/star5.换字母。

例如：booklook/cook，cakelake/wake/make/take6.调字母（即改变字母顺序）。

例如：blow/bowl，sing/sign，from/form三、联想记忆法在日常生活中可以根据所处的环境，所见到、所摸到的事物，联想相关的英语单词。

例如：打球时联想到：ball，(play)basketball，(play)football，(play)volleyball，playground等等；吃饭时联想到：dining-room，(have)breakfast，(have)lunch，(have)supper等等；睡觉时联想到：bed，bedroom，gotobed，sleep，gotosleep，fallasleep等等。

SCI论文准备写作投稿技巧常用英文词汇

SCI论文准备写作投稿技巧常用英文词汇1. Introduction:- Present study: 本研究- In this paper: 在本文中- The objective of this study: 本研究的目标- To investigate: 研究- Background: 背景- Previous research: 先前的研究- Research gap: 研究空白- Methodology: 方法论- Data analysis: 数据分析- Findings: 研究结果- Conclusion: 结论2. Literature Review:- Literature review: 文献综述- Scholarly articles: 学术文章- Theoretical framework: 理论框架- Empirical evidence: 实证证据- Research methods: 研究方法- Key findings: 主要发现- Implications: 启示3. Methods:- Study design: 研究设计- Data collection: 数据收集- Sample size: 样本量- Research instruments: 研究工具- Data analysis techniques: 数据分析技术- Statistical analysis: 统计分析- Control variables: 控制变量4. Results:- Descriptive statistics: 描述性统计- Correlation analysis: 相关分析- Regression analysis: 回归分析- Significant findings: 显著性发现- Patterns and trends: 模式和趋势5. Discussion:- Implications: 启示- Limitations: 限制- Future research directions: 未来研究方向- Theoretical contributions: 理论贡献- Practical implications: 实践意义6. Conclusion:- Summary: 总结- Contributions: 贡献- Future research: 未来研究- Practical implications: 实践意义。

英文简历中的常用词汇

英文简历中的常用词汇able 有才干的，能干的adaptable 习惯性强的active 主动的，活跃的aggressive 有进取心的ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 与蔼可亲的amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有懂得力的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办理认确实candid 正直的competent 能胜任的constructive 建设性的cooperative 有合作精神的creative 富制造力的dedicated 有奉献精神的dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的disciplined 守纪律的dutiful 尽职的well--educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的expressivity 善于表达faithful 守信的，忠诚的frank 直率的，真诚的generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的gentle 有礼貌的humorous 有幽默impartial 公正的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的motivated 目的明确的telligent 懂得力强的learned 熟知某门学问的logical 条理分明的methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的objective 客观的precise 一丝不苟的punctual 严守时刻的realistic 实事求是的responsible 负责的sensible 明白事理的sporting 光明正大的eady 踏实的systematic 有系统的rposeful 意志坚强的sweet-tempered 性情温与的erate 稳健的tireless 孜孜不倦的humorous 有幽默impartial 公正的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的motivated 目的明确的telligent 懂得力强的learned 熟知某门学问的logical 条理分明的methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的objective 客观的precise 一丝不苟的punctual 严守时刻的realistic 实事求是的responsible 负责的sensible 明白事理的sporting 光明正大的eady 踏实的systematic 有系统的rposeful 意志坚强的sweet-tempered 性情温与的erate 稳健的tireless 孜孜不倦的个人资料常用词汇name 姓名in. 英寸pen name 笔名ft. 英尺alias 别名street 街Mr. 先生road 路Miss 小姐district 区Ms （小姐或者太太）house number 门牌Mrs. 太太lane 胡同，巷age 年龄height 身高bloodtype 血型weight 体重address 地址born 生于permanent address 永久住址birthday 生日province 省birthdate 出生日期city 市birthplace 出生地点county 县home phone 住宅电话prefecture 专区office phone 办公电话autonomous region 自治区business phone 办公电话nationality 民族；国籍current address 目前住址citizenship 国籍date of birth 出生日期native place 籍贯postal code 邮政编码duel citizenship 双重国籍marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚single 未婚divorced 离异separated 分居number of children 子女人数health condition 健康状况health 健康状况excellent （身体）极佳short-sighted 近视far-sighted 远视ID card 身份证date of availability 可到职时间membership 会员、资格president 会长vice-president 副会长director 理事standing director 常务理事society 学会association 协会secretary-general 秘书长research society 研究会工作经历常用词汇work experience 工作经历occupational history 工作经历professional history 职业经历specific experience 具体经历responsibilities 职责second job 第二职业achievements 工作成就，业绩administer 管理assist 辅助adapted to 习惯于accomplish 完成（任务等）appointed 被认命的adept in 善于analyze 分析authorized 委任的；核准的behave 表现break the record 打破纪录breakthrough 关键问题的解决control 操纵conduct 经营，处理cost 成本；费用create 制造demonstrate 证明，示范decrease 减少design 设计develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，发明direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用eliminate 消除enlarge 扩大enrich 使丰富exploit 开发（资源，产品）enliven 搞活establish 设立（公司等）；使开业evaluation 估价，评价execute 实行，实施expedite 加快；促进generate 产生good at 擅长于guide 指导；操纵improve 改进，提高initiate 创始，开创innovate 改革，革新invest 投资integrate 使结合；使一体化justified 经证明的；合法化的launch 开办（新企业）maintain 保持；维修modernize 使现代化negotiate 谈判nominated 被提名；被认命的overcome 克服perfect 使完善；改善perform 执行，履行profit 利润be promoted to 被提升为be proposed as 被提名（推荐）为realize 实现（目标）获得（利润）reconstruct 重建recorded 记载的refine 精练，精制registered 已注册的regenerate 更新，使再生replace 接替，替换retrieve 挽回revenue 收益，收入scientific 科学的，系统的self-dependence 自力更生serve 服务，供职settle 解决（问题等）shorten 减低……效能simplify 简化，精简spread 传播，扩大standard 标准，规格supervises 监督，管理supply 供给，满足systematize 使系统化test 试验，检验well-trained 训练有素的valuable 有价值的target 目标，指标working model 劳动模范advanced worker 先进工作者介绍离职原因常用词汇for more specialized work 为更专门的工作for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作for wider experience 为扩大工作经验due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满sought a better job 找到了更好的工作to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作介绍业余爱好常用词汇hobbies 业余爱好play the guitar 弹吉他reading 阅读play chess 下棋play 话剧long distance running 长跑lay bridge 打桥牌collecting stamps 集邮play tennis 打网球jogging 慢跑sewing 缝纫travelling 旅游listening to symphony 听交响乐do some clay scultures 搞泥塑A Useful Glossary for Educational Background(教育程度常用词汇）education 学历educational history 学历educational background 教育程度curriculum 课程major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 课程重点部分curriculum included 课程包含specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程special training 特别训练social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业余工作summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 进修课程extracurricular activities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制academic year 学年semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）supervisor 论文导师pass 及格fail 不及格marks 分数examination 考试degree 学位post doctorate 博士后doctor(Ph.D) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士graduate student 研究生abroad student 留学生abroad student 留学生undergraduate 大学肆业生government-supported student 公费生commoner 自费生extern 走读生intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生boarder 寄宿生graduate 毕业生guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美）day-student 走读生简历中个人情况常用语:Position Desired:HR ManagerName: ******** Sex: Male/FemaleDate of birth:June2,1975 Address: *****Marital Status:Single/Married Post Code: 100001Height: 1.70M Weight: 50 kgPager: 191-2222222 Tel: 12321456Current AnnualSalary：50,000 RMB英文简历中介绍工作经验常用语■Dunphy & Reilly,Inc.Senior Internal AuditorConducted operational and financial audits of manufacturingsubsidiaries. Designed and implemented audit programs to test theefficiency of all aspects of accounting controls.Recommended changes and improvements to corporate anddivisional management.Trained and supervised staff auditors in all aspectsof accounting controls.Trained and supervised staff auditors in all aspectsof the audit engagement.Involved with corporate management in areas of acquisitionand corporate development.■DEVONSHIRE EQUIPMENT,INC,Loretto,PAStaff AuditorPlan,identify,and test controls;present findings and recommend actionsto management.Assist in the audits of New England,Northwest,NewJersey,Washington,D.C.,Southeast,and Great Lakes Districts and U.S.Areas General Ledger Group.■EMERSON ASSOCIATES,Wayne,NEoffice ManagerArrange logistics for office expansion and relocation.Establish office procedures and systems.Actuate/implement filing system,client billingsystem and bookkeeping.Order supplies;maintain inventory.Handle word processing and receptionist responsibilities.■Stevenson Data Systems,Los Angeles,CAComponents Evaluation EngineerResponsible for the characterization and evaluation of,and approvedvendors list for:Power supplies,oscillators,crystals,and programmablelogic used in desktop and laptop computers.Evaluated and recommendedquality componentsthat increased product profitability.Created and developed power supplytest plan used for evaluating third party power supplies.Interacted withvendors to resolve problems associated with components qualification. Technical advisor for Purchasing.Promoted to Engineerll.■Experience:1.Previous job____________________________________Position________________________________From______________to_______ 2.Present job________________________________________________________ Position________________________________From______________to________ Interests___________________________________________________________ Signature____________________________Date _________________________要求薪水常用语■My salary requirement is in the $100,000-$120,000range with appropriate benefits.I would be willingto relocate for the rightopportunity.■Thesalary required is 12,000 per month,living in the house.■I am quite willing to start with a small salary.■I am willing to serve on trial for some months at a smallsalary.■I got five thousand and five hundred per month.个人特长常用语:■Over eleven years of extensive computer/electronics experience.V ersedin both digital and analog electronicswith specific emphasis on computer hardware/software.Special expertise in system and componentwork supervisor responsible for installing/maintainingArcnet LAN system.Proficient in assembly and C programminglanguagesL.Excellent communication skills including written,verbal and interpersonal.■IBM:WordPerfect,Word for Windows;Maclntosh:Microsoft Word,FileMaker.■A T&T and Compaq PC's with Samna program;data entry,CRT,typing(55wpm)■Maclntosh:Pagemaker,Word.IBM and Macintosh.Lotus 1-2-3 and Microsoft Word.■Maclntosh:Pagemaker,Word.IBM:WordPerfect,Excel and rBase.■Proficientin Microsoft Word,WordPerfect,Lotus 1-2-3,and Quark.Working knowledge of the French language.■Typing(60 wpm),Shorthand(60-70 wpm),WANG Word Processing,knowledge ofother word processing systems.Fluency in German,good verbal and writtencommunications skills.■Systems:Lexitron,PTS100,IBM Personal ComputerSoftware:WordStar,Accounting Plus,Symphony,Lotus1-2-3,WordPerfect,DOS,Microsoft Word■At school I won a scholarship and the first prize in speech contest.■I have received an ordinary English education,and have a slightknowledge of Spanish.I took a Spanish course in college.■I can write shorthand at the rate of 120 words per minute,andtypewriting at 55 words English.■At school I won a scholarship and the first prize in speech contest.英文求职信个人能力说明英文coverletter在表述了自己申请职位的原因之后通常要针对招聘方的要求或者qualification表述自己什么能力能与之匹配，继而胜任这一工作。

SCI高频词汇及句式

标题标题是一篇论文的魂，标题的好坏影响论文的曝光率，甚至影响论文是否能顺利被期刊录用发表。

论文标题要求用尽可能少的精彩语言，准确描述论文内容，表明文章的核心亮点。

好标题能给编辑和审稿人留下深刻的第一印象，能够吸引读者继续读你的文章，让你的论文更容易被检索到，具有更好的传播性。

标题是论文的广告，引诱读者来读论文全文。

就如，百度的广告语“百度一下，你就知道”，华为广告语“华为，不仅仅是世界500强”，脑白金的广告语“今年过节不收礼”等等。

看到这些广告语就能知道公司的定位。

看到论文的标题就要知道论文的内容。

标题的主要作用1.吸引读者、编辑和审稿人标题是读者接触文章时的第一印象，读者主要根据标题决定是否继续读你的论文。

一个优秀有趣的标题能够吸引读者进一步研读摘要和论文全文。

摘要如果一样精彩，就会继续全文。

高水平专家更能根据论文标题判断文章的价值。

有经验的杂志编辑和审稿人读完文章标题基本上已经对论文有定论了。

2.更好被检索，传播好的标题可以让你的论文更容易被检索，提高曝光率，研究成果得到更好的传播。

如：Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene[J]. Science, 2008, 320(5881): 1308-1308.Graphene-based composite materials[J]. nature, 2006, 442(7100): 282.写好论文标题的套路是什么？1. 用好短语高水平论文（Nature、Science、Cell等顶级期刊论文）的标题通常使用名词性词汇或名词性短语。

对论文的关键词进行合理整合，总结全文。

标题一般情况不使用完整句，不需具备主语、谓语和宾语等所有句子成分。

但是也有采用疑问句作为新颖标题的。

目前较为通用的标题套路主要有3种：1）形容词、名词+名词+（介词短语、形容词短语、不定式、分词短语、从句）请看高水平论文标题示例：→Quantum spin Hall effect in graphene[J]. Physical review letters, 2005, 95(22): 226801.→Chemically derived, ultrasmooth graphene nanoribbon semiconductors[J]. science, 2008, 319(5867): 1229-1232.→Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene[J]. Science, 2008, 320(5881): 1308-1308.2) 名词性短语A : 名词性短语B（或名词性短语A : 名词性短语B，名词性短语C，名词性短语D...）请看高水平论文标题示例：Graphene: status and prospects[J]. science, 2009, 324(5934): 1530-1534. Honeycomb carbon: a review of graphene[J]. Chemical reviews, 2009, 110(1): 132-145. Graphene and graphene oxide: synthesis, properties, and applications[J]. Advanced materials, 2010, 22(35): 3906-3924.2. 疑问句标题疑问句能够引起读者的好奇，有很强的欲望继续读下去。

英文论文常用词汇-自己总结

因为，由于，考虑到SinceBecauseBecause ofAsFor the reason thatGiven (that)Considering thatTake sth. into consideration / account 所以，因此因此ThereforeHenceSoThenThereafterThusConsequently完成某任务FinishCompleteAccomplishSth. is done执行Carry outExecuteConductAccomplish获得ObtainGetHaveAcquireBe givenReach the goal that不妨may as wellmight as wellhere is no harm使用,用来UseUtilizeEmployedInvolvedIncludedengaged 包括InvolveIncludeEmbraceContainHaveComprise假设，设定，假定，如果SupposeAssumeIfSetGivenConsidering thatWhen记作DenoteNoteIndicateRecord提出，建立，发展，创造，发明，引入BuildCreateDevelopErectEstablishProposePresentProduceCoinInnovateIntroduce根据According toFrom证明,表明ProveTest验证VerifyTestifyCertifyAttestDemonstrateShow重复repeat;duplicate;repetition;reiteration; rɪˌɪtə'reɪʃnecho公布promulgate;announce;publishmake publicnotice代表,是，表示，表达RepresentShowExpressIs区域RegionAreaDistrictZonescope规划planning;programming;project;schematization然后ThereafterAfterwardsThen明显地ApparentlyObviouslyIt is obvious that原则principle;fundamental;principia;tenetrule考虑think over;take into account (consideration) consider 授权Empower Authorize Warrant Accredit一部分a part ofa portion of partial partially显著地，明显地Significantly Apparently Obviously Greatly相反地，不同地DifferentlyIn contrastBy contrast However Whereas增加Increase RaiseriseAdd Aggrandize augment必需品Requisite大量地，大量的Dramatically Enormously Greatly Exponentially Plenty ofA great deal of 密切地，亲密地carefully; close; closely; intently; nearly strongly允许AllowAdmit意味着MeanImplyShowIndicateIt says that而不是Rather thanBut Not国内，家庭的，国外的DomesticForeign导致cause;lead to;bring about;result inresult fromas a consequence of 由…引起be induced by正确性，有效性，鲁棒性，稳定性，优越性CorrectnessEffectivenessRobustnessStabilitySuperiority研究ConductInvestigateResearchStudy命令,要求CommandOrderAskBe requested toBe required to给出，描述，陈述，提出Section 1 presentsSection 2 addressesSection 3 describesSection 4 depictsSection 5 states Sth. is proposedSimulation is given in section 5The method is elaborated in section 6 然而，但是HoweverButWhereasYetNeverthelessHowbeit另外In additionAdditionallyBesides被认作，被当作Be regarded asBe seemed as选择，搜寻ChooseSelectSeek for充足的EnoughSufficient 不充足insufficient体现Embody可行的，有效的AvailableFeasibleEffective同时，共同SimultaneouslyTogether进一步，另外FurtherMoreoverIn additionAdditionallyFurthermoreBeyond that基于On account ofBased onGreatTremendous Enormous HugeBig论述，陈述Statement Discourse Discussion。

英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇（CommonlogicalwordsinEnglishWriting）

英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇（Common logical words in EnglishWriting）1。

并列关系此外，除此之外，同样，此外，还有，例如，更重要的是，例如2。

转折关系虽然，然而，相反的，但是，尽管如此，然而，，否则，尽管三.顺序关系第一，二，第三，等等，然后，后，前，下4。

因果关系因此，因此，由于这个原因，因此，因此，因此，由于5。

归纳关系因此，最后，因此，总之，因此，总之，总之，总之，一个词。

几个用得比较多的句子：就我而言，……的优点大于缺点。

然而……的缺点是不可否认的。

总的来说/总之/简而言之/一句话，……是真的，结果是正面的，也有负面的。

但我们可以努力使消极影响降到最低程度。

显然，在各个方面，…图表之间的比较明确和…至于其他三个，虽然增长率不高，但确实令人印象深刻。

英文作文中常用套句下文中出现的A，B，“…”（某事物），“某人”（某人），要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换。

开头：当谈到……时，有人认为…今天有一场公开辩论…是一种常见的方式…，但这种做法明智吗？最近这个问题已经成了焦点。

提出观点：现在人们越来越意识到…现在是我们探索真理的时候了…历史上这种问题更加明显。

进一步提出观点：…但这只是历史的一部分。

另一个同样重要的方面是…A只是众多效果中的一个。

另一个是…此外，其他原因是…提出假想例子的方式：假设…试想一下，如果…期待是合理的…这并不奇怪…举普通例子：例如（例如），……比如A、B、C等等（等等）一个很好的例子是…这是一个特别的例子…引用：最伟大的早期作家之一说…“知识就是力量”，这是remard…“……”。

这是某人的评论（批评/表扬…）。

“……”。

我们经常听到这样的话吗？。

讲故事（先说故事主体），这个故事并不罕见。

…，在日常生活中我们经常会遇到这样的困境。

…，故事仍然具有现实意义。

提出原因：原因有很多…为什么....一件事，…这个问题的答案涉及很多因素。

任何对此问题的讨论都不可避免地涉及到…第一个原因可以明显看出。

学术英语词汇

学术英语写作（一）：动词及动词短语的运用(2011-03-10 11:05:51)标签：杂谈分类：10学术英语写作学术英语写作（一）：动词及动词短语的运用Put succinctly学术英语写作（Academic Writing)是一个很复杂的过程。

母语是英语的人尚如此--美国大一新生都要求选修大学英语阅读与写作课程，就更不要说把英语当外语学的人。

然而，随着英语在全球的广泛应用与学习，特别是在学术、经济、科技等领域中的国际交流地位，学术英语写作不仅成为在海外留学的中国学生必修课，也是欲在国际期刊、会议中发表学术论文的研究人员和大学教师必须面对的问题。

如何写好一篇论文？大到文章结构、内容安排，小到语法、词汇应用，每一部分内容都需一一学习、了解。

而且学科领域的不同，在大方面的写作“习俗”也会有所不一样。

本文所针对的是词汇、短语在写作中的具体运用问题，突出学术英语写作与其它类型的写作（如小说、散文）及口语之间的差异。

写作也是一种人与人之间的言语沟通。

作者的用词不仅在传达意思，也在反应作者本身的学术文化修养。

这个过程在母语学习中是比较水到渠成的，然而在外语学习里，却需要学习者的额外意识。

学术写作中要注意的问题，在商业、法律等正式文书写作里也是通用的。

我们从动词说起...凡是进行学术写作的人都知道，书面语言总是要比较正式。

但是如何在言语中体现正式呢？动词的选用就能帮你结决部分问题。

如：口语里，我们会说：He said something. 或者，He told them something else. 那么在学术写作里，当你要表达同样意思时，就需要把动词换成描述性更强，更具体的词。

如：He explained something. 或者，He stressed something else.第二点就是要注意语气，根据语气来选择具体单词。

emphasize和insist的语气就要比write 和state强。

英文性格词汇大全

英文性格词汇大全able 有才干的，能干的active 主动的，活跃的adaptable 适应性强的adroit 灵巧的，机敏的aggressive 有进取心的alert 机灵的ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的argumentative 好争辩的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的attractive 有魅力的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的bad-tempered 脾气暴燥的bigmouth 多嘴多舌的bland 冷漠的bossy 专横跋扈的brave 勇敢的brilliant 有才气的capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办事仔细的caring 有同情心的candid 正直的clever 机灵的，聪明的charitable 宽厚的cheerful 开朗的childish 幼稚的comical 滑稽的competent 能胜任的conceited 自以为是的confident 有信心的conscientious 认真的，自觉的considerate 体贴的constructive 建设性的contemplative 好沉思的cooperative 有合作精神的courageous 勇敢的，有胆量的creative 富创造力的cultured 有教养的dashing 有一股子冲劲的，有拼搏精神的dedicated 有奉献精神的demanding 苛刻的determined 坚决的devoted 有献身精神的dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的depressing 沉闷的disciplined 守纪律的discreet （在行动，说话等方面）谨慎的dishonest 不诚实的disorganized 无组织的dutiful 尽职的dynamic 精悍的earnest 认真的easy-going 随和的efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的enthusiastic 充满热情的expressive 善于表达faithful 守信的，忠诚的forceful （性格）坚强的forgetful 健忘的frank 直率的，真诚的friendly 友好的frugal 俭朴的funny 有趣的，古怪的generous 大方的，宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的，彬彬有礼的gentle 有礼貌的greedy贪婪的gullible 容易受骗上当的happy 开心的hard-working 勤劳的have an inquiring mind 爱动脑筋的hearty 精神饱满的helpful 助人的,有益的helpless 无助的，没用的honest 诚实的hospitable 殷勤的humble 恭顺的humorous 幽默的impartial 公正的inconsiderate 不顾及别人的，轻率的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的initiative 首创精神intellective 有智力的intelligent 理解力强的inventive 有发明才能的，有创造力的just 正直的kind 仁慈的，和蔼的kind-hearted 好心的knowledgeable 有见识的lazy 懒惰的，懒散的learned 精通某门学问的liberal 心胸宽大的logical 条理分明的loyal 忠心耿耿的mean 吝啬的methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的moody 情绪化的motivated 目的明确的narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的nasty 下流的，令人厌恶的nice 和蔼的，挑剔的，正派的noisy 聒噪的obedient 听话孝顺的objective 客观的open-minded 思想开放的，虚心的optimistic 乐观的orderly 有条不紊的original 有独创性的outgoing 外向友好的painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的passionate 充满热情的persevering 不屈不挠的pessimistic 悲观的polite 有礼貌的popular 受欢迎的practical 实际的precise 一丝不苟的punctual 严守时刻的purposeful 意志坚定的pushy 有进取心的qualified 合格的rational 有理性的realistic 实事求是的reasonable 讲道理的reliable 可信赖的responsible 负责的romantic 浪漫的，空想的self-conscious 自觉的selfish 自私的selfless 无私的sensible 明白事理的sensitive 敏感的sincere 真诚的skeptical 多疑的smart 精明的sociable 好交际的spirited 生气勃勃的sporting 光明正大的steady 稳重的，踏实的straightforward 直截了当的，坦白的strict 严格的stubborn 顽固的，固执的supportive 助人的，支持的systematic 有系统的strong-willed 意志坚强的sympathetic确有同情心的sweet-tempered 性情温和的talented 有才能的temperate 稳健的thoughtful 体贴人的timid 胆小的，羞怯的tireless 孜孜不倦的tolerant 容忍的trustful 容易相信人的trustworthy 值得信任的understanding 理解人的ungrateful 不领情的，忘恩负义的unselfish 无私的upright 正直的virtuous 善良的，贞洁的warm-hearted 热心肠的well-educated 受过良好教育的英语描述人的性格: Unique Personalities vocabulary描述人personality个性的词汇：serious 严肃的unfriendly不友好的easygoing随便的；温和宽容的outgoing外向的generous大方的，宽宏大量的moody喜怒无常的；忧郁的friendly友好的quiet内向的funny有趣的smart聪明的shy害羞的honest诚实的kind善良的;仁慈的mean小气的Positive(褒义):warm and friendly nice, pleasantgenerous(happy to give/share) optimistic(=think positively) cheerful(happy and smiling) relaxed and easygoing sensitive (敏感的) kindhonest hardworkingpunctual(always on time)(守时的) reliableclever flexible (指人)能适应环境的ambitious (有雄心的) talkativehumorous(幽默的)Negative(贬义):cold and unfriendly horrible, unpleasantmean/stingy pessimisticmiserable tense (nervous) (紧张的) insensitive unkinddishonest lazynot very punctual, always late unbelievable(不可靠的) stupid inflexibleunambitious (无野心的，无名利心的) quiet关于人物性格的英语词汇Optimistic 乐观的Cheerful 开朗的Happy 开心的Open-minded 思想开放的Sociable 好交际的Outgoing 外向友好的Creative 有创造性的Determined 有决心的Courageous/Brave 勇敢的Caring 关爱的Gentle温和的Friendly友好的Polite有礼貌的Generous 慷慨的Nice /Kind/Warm-hearted 热心肠的Honest诚实的Trustworthy 值得信任的Upright正直的Sincere真诚的Obedient听话孝顺的Modest谦虚的Unselfish无私的Tolerant容忍的Considerate/Thoughtful体贴人的Understanding 理解人的Sympathetic确有同情心的Supportive/Helpful助人的Hardworking 不辞辛苦Responsible 负责任的Practical实在的务实的Dedicated 专注的有献身精神的Popular 受欢迎的Humorous幽默的Funny 有趣的Easy-going 随和的Independent 自立的Strict 严格的Attractive 有魅力的Pessimistic 悲观的Narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的Dishonest 不诚实的Selfish 自私的Bad-tempered 脾气暴燥的Moody 情绪化的Sensitive 敏感的Conceited 自以为是的Stubborn 顽固的固执的Aggressive 好斗的；有闯劲的Bossy专横跋扈的Cheap /Greedy贪婪的Demanding 苛刻的Lazy懒惰的Loud /Noisy /Argumentative 好争辩的Trustful 容易相信人的Gullible 容易受骗上当的Intelligent/Clever/Smart 有才智的，聪明的英文性格描述词汇紧张的nervous or tense焦虑的anxious衝動的impulsive情緒化的emotional多慮的apprehensive or worrying 敏感的responsive有不安全感insecure焦躁不安的restless悶悶不樂的moody缺乏適應力或不成熟的inadequate 爱好玩乐的fun-loving外向的outgoing活泼的lively主动的active人际取向的person-oriented世故或精明的shrewd善交际的sociable多话的talkative热情的affectionate容易相处的easygoing领导型的leadership樂觀的optimistic膽大、好冒险的venturesome可改变的changeable兴趣广泛的broad interests好奇的curious具创造性的creative非传统性的untraditional富想象力的imaginative乐于尝试的experimenting具獨創性的original自立的self-sufficient心情平穩的even-tempered不情緒化的unemotional平靜溫和的placid or peaceful放鬆的relaxed無憂無慮的carefree穩定的stable隨遇而安的happy-go-lucky沉著冷靜的calm工作取向的task-oriented怯生的retiring直率的forthright悲观的pessimistic被动的passive不擅社交的unsociable保守的conservative冷漠的aloof严肃的sober缺少活力的unexuberant羞涩的shy静默的quiet沉默或孤独的reserved因袭陈规的conventional兴趣狭隘的narrow interests 讲求实在的down-to-earth 非分析性的unanalytical非艺术性的unartistic僵直刻板的rigid實際的practical易激動的excitable易怒的touchy急躁的irritable好支使人的manipulative好批评或冷嘲热讽的cynical 粗魯無禮的rude多疑的suspicious不合作的uncooperative富攻击性的aggressive有仇必报的vengeful冷酷的ruthless獨斷的assertive意志薄弱的weak-welled享乐主义的hedonistic散漫的lax混乱无纪律的undisciplined 粗心的careless马马虎虎negligent不可信赖的unreliable漫无目的aimless懶散的lazy意志坚强的tough-minded可靠的reliable坚忍的persevering细心的scrupulous自我要求的self-disciplined自律、自制的controlled守时的punctual小心谨慎的careful整洁的neat努力的hardworking有企图心的ambitious有組織的organized嚴謹、沉著的sober盡責的conscientious个人简历常用英语词汇个人品质able 有才干的，能干的adaptable 适应性强的active 主动的，活跃的aggressive 有进取心的ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办理仔细的candid 正直的competent 能胜任的constructive 建设性的cooperative 有合作精神的creative 富创造力的dedicated 有奉献精神的dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的disciplined 守纪律的dutiful 尽职的well--educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的expressivity 善于表达faithful 守信的，忠诚的frank 直率的，真诚的generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的gentle 有礼貌的humorous 有幽默impartial 公正的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的motivated 目的明确的intelligent 理解力强的learned 精通某门学问的logical 条理分明的methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的objective 客观的precise 一丝不苟的punctual 严守时刻的realistic 实事求是的responsible 负责的sensible 明白事理的sporting 光明正大的steady 踏实的systematic 有系统的purposeful 意志坚强的sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 稳健的tireless 孜孜不倦的教育程度education 学历educational history 学历educational background 教育程度curriculum 课程major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 课程重点部分curriculum included 课程包括specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程special training 特别训练social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业余工作summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 进修课程extracurricular activities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制academic year 学年semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）supervisor 论文导师pass 及格fail 不及格marks 分数examination 考试degree 学位post doctorate 博士后doctor(Ph.D) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士graduate student 研究生abroad student 留学生abroad student 留学生undergraduate 大学肆业生government-supported student 公费生commoner 自费生extern 走读生intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生boarder 寄宿生graduate 毕业生guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美）day-student 走读生工作经历work experience 工作经历occupational history 工作经历professional history 职业经历specific experience 具体经历responsibilities 职责second job 第二职业achievements 工作成就，业绩administer 管理assist 辅助adapted to 适应于accomplish 完成（任务等）appointed 被认命的adept in 善于analyze 分析authorized 委任的；核准的behave 表现break the record 打破纪录breakthrough 关键问题的解决control 控制conduct 经营，处理cost 成本；费用create 创造demonstrate 证明，示范decrease 减少design 设计develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，发明direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用eliminate 消除enlarge 扩大enrich 使丰富exploit 开发（资源，产品）enliven 搞活establish 设立（公司等）；使开业evaluation 估价，评价execute 实行，实施expedite 加快；促进generate 产生good at 擅长于guide 指导；操纵improve 改进，提高initiate 创始，开创innovate 改革，革新invest 投资integrate 使结合；使一体化justified 经证明的；合法化的launch 开办（新企业）maintain 保持；维修modernize 使现代化negotiate 谈判nominated 被提名；被认命的overcome 克服perfect 使完善；改善perFORM 执行，履行profit 利润be promoted to 被提升为be proposed as 被提名（推荐）为realize 实现（目标）获得（利润）reconstruct 重建recorded 记载的refine 精练，精制registered 已注册的regenerate 更新，使再生replace 接替，替换retrieve 挽回revenue 收益，收入scientific 科学的，系统的self-dependence 自力更生serve 服务，供职settle 解决（问题等）shorten 减低……效能simplify 简化，精简spread 传播，扩大standard 标准，规格supervises 监督，管理supply 供给，满足systematize 使系统化test 试验，检验well-trained 训练有素的valuable 有价值的target 目标，指标working model 劳动模范advanced worker 先进工作者个人资料name 姓名in. 英寸pen name 笔名ft. 英尺alias 别名street 街Mr. 先生road 路Miss 小姐district 区Ms （小姐或太太）house number 门牌Mrs. 太太lane 胡同，巷age 年龄height 身高bloodtype 血型weight 体重address 地址born 生于permanent address 永久住址birthday 生日province 省birthdate 出生日期city 市birthplace 出生地点county 县home phone 住宅电话prefecture 专区office phone 办公电话autonomous region 自治区business phone 办公电话nationality 民族；国籍current address 目前住址citizenship 国籍date of birth 出生日期native place 籍贯postal code 邮政编码duel citizenship 双重国籍marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚single 未婚divorced 离异separated 分居number of children 子女人数health condition 健康状况health 健康状况excellent （身体）极佳short-sighted 近视far-sighted 远视ID card 身份证date of availability 可到职时间membership 会员、资格president 会长vice-president 副会长director 理事standing director 常务理事society 学会association 协会secretary-general 秘书长research society 研究会其它内容应聘职位objective 目标position desired 希望职位job objective 工作目标employment objective 工作目标career objective 职业目标position sought 谋求职位position wanted 希望职位position applied for 申请职位离职原因for more specialized work 为更专门的工作for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作责任for wider experience 为扩大工作经验due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满sought a better job 找到了更好的工作to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作业余爱好hobbies 业余爱好play the guitar 弹吉他reading 阅读play chess 下棋play 话剧long distance running 长跑play bridge 打桥牌collecting stamps 集邮play tennis 打网球jogging 慢跑sewing 缝纫travelling 旅游listening to symphony 听交响乐do some clay scultures 搞泥塑为好女子，首推秀外慧中，待人接物恬淡无争，使人如饮甘醇。

英文学术写作中常用的词汇与表达方式

表示例外：With the exception of …Apart from …Except for …表示原因/缘由：be due tobe attibuted tobe accounted forbe a consequence ofstem from表示定义/命名：be namedbe calledbe denoted bybe known asbe defined asbe referred to引出设问句（不能直接使用设问句）：It is uncertain/unclear …It has not been determined …It is necessary to consider …The question remains …Current studies provide little information on …We need to know/consider …There is some question as to …Another issue raised by this study is …指出问题所在：This system/process/idea has its problems.There remains the issue of reliability.This model has some serious liminations.Few solutions have been found to …Little progress has been made in …The problem remains as to how …Researchers still have to find a way to …引出解决方案：Solutions to this problem are now widely discussed. Oneremedy is to …One method to address this difficulty is to …There are two possible ways of handling this problem. Thefirst … The second …Several options are available to address this obstacle.However, the best one seems to be …A radically different design/model is needed to overcome thislimitation.Recently, researchers have made significant progress inovercoming this difficulty by …引出中心话题：Recently, there has been growing interest in …The possibility of … has generated wide interest in …The development of … is a classic problem in …The development of … has led to the hope that …The … has become a favorite topic for analysis …Knowledge of … has great importance for …The study of … has become an important aspect of …A central issue in … is …(The) … has been extensively studied in recent years.Many investigators have recently turned to …The relationship between … and … has been investigated by many researchers.Many recent studies have focused on …表达相似之处：Similarly, …Likewise, …In the same fashion, …As in X, in Y …Like X, Y …The same …X is similar/comparable to YX resemble YX correspond to Y表达不同之处或比较/对照：In contrast, …Unlike X, Y …In contrast to …On the other hand, ……; however, ……, but …Whereas/While …, ……, whereas/while …X differ from YX is different from YX contrast with评价他人的研究/论著：正面：useful, important, interesting, clarity, accessibility,detailed, up-to-date, insightful, significant, comprehensive, practical, successful, remarkable, impressive, elegant,scholoarly, original, perceptive, rigorous, economical负面：inconsistent, restricted, misleading, thin, anecdotal,sloppy总结：Overall, …In general, …On the whole, …In the main, …With … exception(s), …The overall results indicate …The results indicate, overall, that …指出本研究的局限：It should be noted that this study has been primarilyconcerned with …This analysis has concentrated on …The findings of this study are restricted to …This study has addressed only the question of …The limination of this study are clear: …We would like to point out that we have not …指出研究结果的局限：However, the findings do not imply …The results of this study cannot be taken as evidence for …Unfortunately, we are unable to determine from this data …The lack of … means that we cannot be certain …指出本研究的意义：Notwithstanding its limitations, this study does suggest …Despite its preliminary character, the research reported herewould seem to indicate …However exploratory, this study may offer some insight into …常用的拉丁文缩写：cf. = comparee.g. = for exampleet al. = and other authorsetc. = and otherserrata = list of typographical mistakesibid. = the same as the previous referencei.e. = that is to sayinfra = see belowloc. cit. = in the place citedN.B. = take noteop. cit. = in the work citedsic = the error is in the original quotesupra = see aboveviz. = namely在介绍概念时常见的段落结构如下：One sentence definition –> components/types/classifications/applications/history/examples/operations/principles/causes/effects如有必要还可通过和相似概念的比较，概念的历史发展，或对不同专家看法的综合来明晰概念。

英文学术论文常用替换词

1. individuals, characters, folks 替换people , persons.2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good.rosy ；adj. 蔷薇色的，玫瑰红色的；美好的；乐观的；涨红脸的3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive 替换。

）Adverse；adj. 不利的；相反的；敌对的（名词adverseness，副词adversely）4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换many.if not most:即使不是大多数5. a slice of, quite a few 替换some.a slice of:一片，一份6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换think。

harbor v/n庇护；怀有7. affair, business, matter 替换thing.8. shared 替换common .9. reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits.10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion.11. Increasing, growing 替换more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。

英文简历中常用的词汇

1〕常见职位、职务英文译名Accounting Assistant会计助理Accounting Clerk记帐员Accounting Manager会计部经理Accounting Stall会计部职员Accounting Supervisor会计主管Administration Manager行政经理Administration Staff行政人员Administrative Assistant行政助理Administrative Clerk行政办事员Advertising Staff广告工作人员Airlines Staff航空公司职员Application Engineer应用工程师Assistant Manager副经理Bond Analyst证券分析员Bond Trader证券交易员Business Controller业务主任Business Manager业务经理Buyer采购员Cashier出纳员Chemical Engineer化学工程师Civil Engineer土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist职员／接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary文书打字秘书Computer Data Input Operator计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator计算机操作员Computer System Manager电脑系统部经理Copywriter广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager副总经理Economic Research Assistant经济研究助理Electrical Engineer电气工程师Engineering Technician工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher英语教师Export Sales Manager外销部经理Export Sales Staff外销部职员Financial Controller财务主任Financial Reporter财务报告人Foreign Exchange Clerk外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk外汇部核算员Fund Manager财务经理General Auditor审计长General Manager/President总经理General Manager Assistant总经理助理General Manager ’s Secretary总经理秘书Hardware Engineer〔计算机〕硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff进口联络员Import Manager进口部经理Insurance Actuary保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff国际销售员Interpreter口语翻译Legal Adviser法律参谋Line Supervisor生产线主管Maintenance Engineer维修工程师Management Consultant管理参谋Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer制造工程师Manufacturing Worker生产员工Market Analyst市场分析员Market Development Manager市场开发部经理Marketing Manager市场销售部经理Marketing Staff市场销售员Marketing Assistant销售助理Marketing Executive销售主管Marketing Representative销售代表Marketing Representative Manager市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer机械工程师Mining Engineer采矿工程师Music Teacher音乐教师Naval Architect造船工程师Office Assistant办公室助理Office Clerk职员Operational Manager业务经理Package Designer包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk人事部职员Personnel Manager人事部经理Plant/Factory Manager厂长Postal Clerk邮政人员Private Secretary私人秘书Product Manager生产部经理Production Engineer产品工程师Professional Staff专业人员Programmer电脑程序设计师Project Staff〔工程〕筹划人员Promotional Manager推销部经理Proof-reader校对员Purchasing Agent采购〔进货〕员Quality Control Engineer质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff房地产职员Recruitment Coordinator招聘协调人Regional Manger地区经理R& D Engineer研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff销售方案员Sales Assistant销售助理Sales Clerk店员、售货员Sales Coordinator销售协调人Sales Engineer销售工程师Sales Executive销售主管Sales Manager销售部经理Salesperson销售员Seller Representative销售代表Sales Supervisor销售监管School Registrar学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant秘书助理Secretary秘书Securities Custody Clerk保安人员Security Officer平安人员Senior Accountant高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser高级参谋Senior Employee高级雇员Senior Secretary高级秘书Service Manager效劳部经理Simultaneous Interpreter同声传译员Software Engineer〔计算机〕软件工程师Supervisor监管员Systems Adviser系统参谋Systems Engineer系统工程师Systems Operator系统操作员Technical Editor技术编辑Technical Translator技术翻译Technical Worker技术工人Telecommunication Executive电信员Telephonist/Operator接线员、话务员Tourist Guide导游Trade Finance Executive贸易财务主管Trainee Manager培训部经理Translation Checker翻译核对员Translator翻译员Trust Banking Executive银行高级职员Typist打字员Word Processing Operator文字处理操作员2〕个人资料name 姓名alias别名pen name 笔名date of birth出生日期birth date出生日期born 出生于birth place出生地点age 年龄native place籍贯province 省city 市autonomous region自治区prefecture专区county县nationality民族，国籍citizenship国籍duel citizenship双重国籍address地址current address目前地址present address目前地址permanent address永久〔家庭〕地址postal code邮政编码home phone 住宅office phone办公business phone办公Telsex性别male男female女height身高weight体重marital status family status婚姻状况家庭状况married已婚single/unmarried未婚divorced离异separated分居number of children子女人数none 无street街lane胡同，巷road路district区house number 门牌health健康状health condition健康状况blood type血型short-sighted近视far-sighted远视color-blind色盲ID card No.身份证号码date of availability可到职时间available可到职membership 会员，资格president会长vice-president副会长director理事standing director secretary general 常务理事秘书长society学会association协会research society研究会3〕工作经历accomplish完成〔任务等〕achievements工作成就，业绩adapted to适应于adept in善于administer管理advanced worker先进工作者analyze分析appointed被任命的assist辅助authorized委任的；核准的be promoted to被提升为be proposed as被提名为；被推荐为behave表现breakthrough惊人的进展，关键问题的解决break the record打破记录business background工作经历business experience工作经历business history工作经历conduct经营，处理control控制cost本钱；费用create创造decrease减少demonstrate证明，示范design设计develop开发，发挥devise设计，创造direct指导double加倍，翻一番duties职责earn 获得，赚取effect效果，作用eliminate消除employment experience工作经历employment record 工作经历employment工作enlarge扩大enliven搞活enrich 使丰富establish设立〔公司等〕；使开业；确立evaluation估价，评价excellent League member优秀团员excellent Party member优秀党员execute实行，实施expand 推广；扩大expedite加快；促进experience经历exploit开发〔资源，产品〕export出口found创立generate产生good at擅长于guide指导；操纵implement完成，实施import进口improve改良，提高increase增加influence影响initiate创始，开创innovate改革，革新inspired受启发的；受鼓舞的install安装integrate使结合；使一体化introduce采用，引进invent创造invest投资job title职位justified经证明的；合法化的launch开办〔新企业〕lead领导lengthen延长lessen减少〔生产本钱〕level水平localize使地方化maintain保持；维修make 制造manage 管理，经营manufacture制造mastered精通的modernize使现代化motivate促进，激发negotiate谈判nominated被提名的；被任命的occupational history工作经历operate操作，开动〔机器等〕，经营〔厂矿〕organize组织originate创始，创造overcome 克服〔困难等〕participate in参加perfect使完善；改善perform执行，履行plan方案position职位professional history职业经历professional职业经历profit利润promote生产，制造promote推销〔商品〕；创立〔企业〕provide提供，供给raise提高reach到达realize实现〔目标等〕；获得〔利润〕receive收到，得到，接受recognize认清〔职责等〕recommended 被推荐的；被介绍的reconsolidate重新稳固；重新整顿reconstruct重建recorded记载的recover恢复；弥补rectify整顿，调整redouble加倍，倍增reduce减少，降低〔本钱等〕refine精练，精制reform改革regenerate更新，使更生registered已注册的regularize使系统化regulate控制〔费用等〕rehandle重铸；重新处理rehash 以新形式处理〔旧材料〕reinforce加强reckon计算〔本钱等〕renew 重建，换新renovate革新；修理repair修复，修补replace接替，替换representative代表，代理人research调查，研究resolve解决responsibilities职责second job第二职业set创造〔纪录等〕settle解决〔问题等〕shorten 减低 ......效能show 显示 , 说明significant重要的 , 有效的simplify简化,精简solve解决sort out清理specific experience具体经历speed up加速sponsor主办spread传播,扩大standard 标准,规格streamline把 ......设计流线型strengthen 加强, 稳固study研究succeed 成功supervise监督,管理supply 供给 , 满足 ( 需要 )systematize使系统化target目标,指标test试验,检验top 头等的 , 最高的total总数,总额translate翻译,转化travel旅行unify使成一体 , 统一use 使用，运用useful有用的utilize利用valuable 有价值的vivify使活泼well-trained训练有素的work experience工作经历work history工作经历work工作 , 起作用working model劳动模范worth使 ......钱的 , 有......价值的4〕教育程度education学历educational background教育程度educational history学历curriculum课程major主修minor副修educational highlights课程重点局部curriculum included课程包括specialized courses专门课程courses taken所学课程courses completed所学课程special training特别训练social practice社会实践part-time jobs业余工作summer jobs暑期工作vacation jobs假期工作refresher course进修课程extracurricular activities课外活动physical activities体育活动recreational activities娱乐活动academic activities学术活动social activities社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship奖学金“ Top Student Award 〞三好学生、优秀生excellent League member优秀团员excellent leader优秀干部student council学生会off-job training脱产培训in-job training在职培训educational system学制academic year学年semester学期〔美〕term 学期〔英〕president校长vice-president副校长dean 院长assistant dean副院长academic dean教务长department chairman系主任professor教授associate professor副教授guest professor客座教授lecturer讲师teaching assistant助教research fellow研究员research assistant助理研究员supervisor论文导师principal中学校长〔美〕headmaster中学校长〔英〕master 小学校长〔美〕dean of studies教务长dean of students教导主任dean of students教导主任teacher 教师probation teacher代课教师tutor 家庭教师governess女家庭教师intelligence quotient智商pass 及格fail不及格marks 分数grades分数scores分数examination考试grade年级class班级monitor班长vice-monitor副班长commissary in charge of studies学习委员commissary in charge of entertainment文娱委员commissary in charge of sports体育委员commissary in charge of physical labor劳动委员Party branch secretary党支部书记League branch secretary团支部书记commissary in charge of organization组织委员commissary in charge of publicity宣传委员degree学位post doctorate博士后doctor (Ph.D)博士master硕士bachelor学士student学生graduate student研究生abroad student留学生returned student回国留学生foreign student外国学生undergraduate大学肄业生senior大学四年级学生；高中三年级学生Junior大学三年级学生；高中二年级学生sophomore 大学二年级学生；高中一年级学生freshman大学一年级学生guest student旁听生〔英〕auditor旁听生〔美〕government-supported student公费生commoner 自费生extern走读生day-student走读生intern实习生prize fellow奖学金生boarder寄宿生classmate同班同学schoolmate同校同学graduate毕业5〕个人品质able有才干的，能干的active主动的，活泼的adaptable适应性强的adroit灵巧的，机敏的aggressive有进取心的alert机灵的ambitious有雄心壮志的amiable和蔼可亲的amicable友好的analytical善于分析的apprehensive有理解力的aspiring有志气的，有抱负的audacious大胆的，有冒险精神的capable有能力的，有才能的careful办事仔细的candid正直的charitable宽厚的competent能胜任的confident有信心的conscientious认真的，自觉的considerate体贴的constructive建设性的contemplative好沉思的cooperative有合作精神的creative富创造力的dashing有一股子冲劲的，有拼搏精神的dedicated有奉献精神的devoted有献身精神的dependable可靠的diplomatic老练的，有策略的disciplined守纪律的discreet〔在行动，说话等方面〕谨慎的dutiful尽职的dynamic 精悍的earnest认真的well-educated受过良好教育的efficient有效率的energetic精力充分的enthusiastic充满热情的expressive善于表达faithful守信的，忠诚的forceful〔性格〕坚强的frank 直率的，真诚的friendly友好的frugal俭朴的generous 宽宏大量的genteel有教养的gentle有礼貌的hard-working勤劳的hearty精神饱满的honest老实的hospitable殷勤的humble 恭顺的humorous 幽默的impartial公正的independent有主见的industrious勤奋的ingenious有独创性的initiative首创精神have an inquiring mind爱动脑筋intellective有智力的intelligent理解力强的inventive有创造才能的，有创造力的just正直的kind-hearted好心的knowledgeable有见识的learned精通某门学问的liberal心胸宽大的logical条理清楚的loyal忠心耿耿的methodical有方法的modest 谦虚的motivated目的明确的objective客观的open-minded虚心的orderly守纪律的original有独创性的painstaking辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的practical实际的precise一丝不苟的persevering不屈不挠的punctual严守时刻的purposeful意志坚强的qualified合格的rational有理性的realistic实事求是的reasonable讲道理的reliable可信赖的responsible负责的self-conscious自觉的selfless无私的sensible明白事理的sincere真诚的smart精明的spirited生气勃勃的sporting光明正大的steady塌实的straightforward老实的strict严格的systematic有系统的strong-willed意志坚强的sweet-tempered性情温和的temperate稳健的tireless孜孜不倦的6〕其它objective目标career objective职业目标employment objective工作目标position wanted希望职位job objective工作目标position applied for申请职位position sought谋求职位position desired希望职位for more specialized work为更专门的工作for prospects of promotion为晋升的前途for higher responsibility为更高层次的工作责任for wider experience为扩大工作经验due to close-down of company由于公司倒闭due to expiry of employment由于雇用期满offered a more challenging opportunity获得的更有挑战性的工作时机sought a better job找到了更好的工作to look for a more challenging opportunity找一个更有挑战性的工作时机to seek a better job找一份更好的工作。

学术论文常用词汇

学术论文常用词汇学术论文的语言表达一、时态时态是个比较复杂的问题虽然有一般的规则但往往在实际文章中很难把握总体的规则已在前边讲过需要重申的是在同一段落中要避免时态跳跃详见学术论文的写作最常见的描述一般现象的时态是一般现在时有时也用一般过去时或一般将来时需要注意的语法In recent years 作时间状语时通常要用完成时In recent years, Plesch and coworkers have concluded that many so-called cationic polymerizations do not proceed through intermediates of an ionic nature.二、数词数也有其复杂化特别是在学术论文里有是很难顾及数上的逻辑但一般不将逻辑上的问题视为语法错误只须注意在一个句子中的数和谓语动词的统一即可以下是需要注意的语法不规则变化的单复数单数复数criterion criteria 依据phenomenon phenomena 现象medium media 介质radius radii 半径index indices 指数appendix appendices 附录stimulus stimuli 刺激basis bases 基础2synthesis syntheses 合成matrix matrices 基体Novel biomaterials with improved, specific biological action are being developed using polymers that are responsive to environmental stimuli.一些数有特殊性的名词data, kinetics 通常作复数名词research, work: 不可数名词The data in Table 1 are obtained from the reactions at different temperatures.The kinetics of polymerization within each droplet are the same as those for the corresponding bulk polymerization.Much research has been done to redirect the tropism of retroviruses by engineering the envelope glycoprotein.Most research on poly(ortho esters) has focused on the synthesis of polymers.一些结构的数<主谓的统一>one of 复数名词单数none of 复数名词复数none of 单数名词/不可数名词单数no 复数名词复数no 单数名词/不可数名词单数a kind of 单数名词单数this/that kind of 单数名词单数these kinds of 复数名词复数复数名词of this/that kind 复数sort 与kind 类似a type of 单数名词单数a series of 复数名词复数a class of 复数名词复数the number of 复数名词单数a number of 复数名词复数Ara-C is one of most important antitumor agents, especially used in the treatment of various leukaemias.One of possibilities for enhancing the pharmacological properties is to link it to a carrier. Biocompatibility is one of the main criteria for the selection of a particular biomaterial. 3 Controlled drug delivery technology represents one of most rapid advancing areas of science in which chemists are contributing to human health care.Several models have been proposed but none appear to be generally applicable.None of the presently used ones are applied rigorously.Thus far no studies have conclusively demonstrated long-term value of any of the cardiac gene therap approaches.This type of termination is often referred to as spontaneous termination.A number of polymer backbones that are potentially degradable are detailed in the text. The number of mechanisms which have been proposed to explain the stereopecificity of Ziegler-Natta catalysts.* The number of 复数名词: 整个做主语时谓语应为单数; 但此句的动词have 是从句的谓语而从句是形容mechanisms.在其它的从句谓语中也是同样如: One of the mechanisms which have been……A series of telomers reported in table 1 were then synthesized.A diverse range of mechanisms have been developed.Polymers are a promising class of biomaterials that can be engineered to meet specific end-use requirements.The most important class of poly(amides) for controlled release are the poly(amino acids). The majority of poly(anhydrides) are prepared by melt-condensation polymerization.A wide variety of natural and synthetic polymers have been used to fabricate tissue-engineering matrices.后面通常要用复数名词对可数名词而言various differentmost all many severalone of many ofkinds ofa number of the number ofa (wide) variety of a class ofa series of a wide range ofDozens of different types of receptors are present on the average mammalian cell.4In a number of special applications (e.g. contact lenses and skin-grafting materials), additional requirements such as transparency should be considered when selecting a polymer.Many of these transmembrane proteins are receptors.Some polymers are highly crystalline primarily because their structure is conductive to packing, while others are crystalline primarily because of the secondary forces. For still other polymers, both factors may be favorable for crystallization.形容可数名词的量词a few many a number of形容不可数名词的量词a great/small/certain amount of a great/good deal of形容可数和不可数名词均可的量词a lot of lots ofAlthough a few polymers may be completely amorphous and a few completely crystalline, most polymers are partially or semi-crystalline in character.The use of IPNs has received a great deal of attention in recent years and different kinds of IPN have been synthesized with different compositions.The major amount of work on size distributions has been on polyesters and polyimides.A sizeable amount work has been published on the copolymerizations of various cyclic monomers. 以下结构的谓语的数由前一个决定, as well as……由较靠近谓语动词的决定not only……but also……either……or……neither……nor……三、冠词冠词是最易犯错误的地方一定要注意否则编辑的负担极重因为每句话都会用到冠词最普通的规则如下单数名词前一般要加冠您身边的论文好秘书：您的原始资料与构思,我按您的意思整理成优秀论文论著,并安排出版发表，企鹅1550116010 、766085044自信我会是您人生路上不可或缺的论文好秘书词 a , the 等但有些情况可不加复数名词前一般可不加冠词也可加the, these, those.5The molecular weight of a polymer is of prime importance in its synthesis and application.The rate constant can be expressed by an Arrhenius type relationshipK = A e -E/RTWhere A is the collision frequency factor, E the Arrhenius activation energy, and T the Kelvin temperature. A plot of lnK versus 1/T allows the determination of both E and A from the slopeand intercept, respectively.When a water-insoluble or only slightly water-soluble monomer is added, a very small fraction dissolves and goes into solution. A large but still small portion of the monomer enters the interior hydrocarbon part of the micelles. The largest portion of the monomer is dispersed as monomer droplets.被修饰的名词前要加the:There has been a rapidly increasing effort in the last ten to fifteen years toward the synthesis of new polymers with markedly higher temperature resistance than those previously available.The catalysts usually must be prepared at the low temperatures since most of them become heterogeneous when prepared at or warmed up to the temperatures above about -40 . 四从句分词不定式这些是写作时常用且必须用到的结构一定要掌握在学术论文中从句分词不定式通常用来作修饰Applications in the relatively new field of tissue engineering, where polymers are used to assist regeneration of three-dimensional tissue structures, are more and more integrated with biological demands.There are three general synthetic approaches that have been used to produce polymers with increased thermal stability.If certain symmetry requirements are met, the molecules are able to pack into an ordered, lattice arrangement and crystallization occurs. The temperature at which this occurs is Tm. There are at least two mechanisms through which the infectivity of a vector can be blocked.Biodegradable polymers containing ˋhydrolysable ˊgroups in their chains, which are susceptible to biodegradation to low molecular weight, nontoxic products, have also been considered for controlled drug delivery systems.Polymers possessing high strength, solvent and chemical resistance, and serviceability at high temperatures would find a variety of uses.6The challenge facing cell and molecular biologists is to decipher how cellular events occur.A general problem encountered in many of the polymerization systems has been a difficulty in obtaining polymers of sufficiently high enough molecular weight to have reasonable strength properties.Another approach to obtain rigid polymer chains is by the synthesis of spiro polymers. 五标点英文中一句话结束要用句号注意避免过长的句子这点与汉语中常用逗号的习惯不同请注意以下结构的标点…… such as A and B ………… such as A, B and C ………… , such as A, ………… , for example, ………… , for example ………… ,e.g., ………… ,i.e., …………, respectively.四、掌握一些学术论文常用的短语结构可大大降低写作的难度In order to meet all of these criteria, the vector must deliver the gene accurately. To overcome this problem, it would be advantageous to pseudotype lentiviral vectors withtargeted MLV envelopes.Besides identifying suitable proteases for targeting, the success of thisprotease-targetingstrategy relies on the accessibility of the linker to protease cleavage.We have focused our investigations on the in vitro and in vivo biological response of a mousecell line.On the contrary, the homotelomer derivative 11 exhibits no substantial loss of cytotoxicity compared to free Ara-C.After more than three decades of development, in which numerous polymers have been used to replace body parts, clinical success is still relatively rare.7In some cases, polymeric materials for drug delivery must satisfy additional requirements, such as environmental responsiveness (e.g. pH- or temperature dependent phase or volume transformations.)Owing to the nature of these interactions, surface modification strategies have been used to。

英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇

英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇1. 并列关系and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example2. 转折关系although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite3. 顺序关系first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next4. 因果关系as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of 5. 归纳关系as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word几个用得比较多的句子:As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh its disadvantages.Nevertheless, the disadvantages of … is undeniable.To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true th at … bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent.Obviously, in every aspect, …This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and…As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.英文作文中常用套句下文中出现的A,B, “...”(某事物), "sb"( somebody),要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换.开头:When it comes to ..., some think ...There is a public debate today that ...A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one? Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.提出观点:Now there is a growing awareness that...It is time we explore the truth of ...Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.进一步提出观点:... but that is only part of the history.Another equally important aspect is ...A is but one of the many effects. Another is ... Besides, other reasons are...提出假想例子的方式:Suppose that...Just imagine what would be like if...It is reasonable to expect...It is not surprising that...举普通例子:For example(instance),...... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)A good case in point is...A particular example for this is...引用:One of the greatest early writers said ... "Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ..."......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...)."......". How often we hear such words like there. 讲故事(先说故事主体),this story is not rare...., such delimma we often meet in daily life. ..., the story still has a realistic significance.提出原因:There are many reasons for ...Why .... , for one thing,...The answer to this problem involves many factors.Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...The first reason can be obiviously seen.Most people would agree that...Some people may neglect that in fact ...Others suggest that...Part of the explanation is ...进行对比:The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ... Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...承上启下:To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...A study of ... will make this point clear让步:Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...I do not deny that A has its own merits.结尾:>From what has been discussed above, we may safely drawthe conclusion that ...In summary, it is wiser ...In short...在作文中引用合适的名言警句,会给你的文章增色许多。

高考英语作文常用高级句型词汇

一、高考英语作文常用高级句型词汇2.其次, 第二, 第三, 第四……：furthermore, moreover, in addition, besides3.最后：finally；last but not least：（提及最后的人或事物时说）最后但同样重要的4.现在(当前), XXXX现象是不可避免且难以否认的Currently, there is an inevitable and undeniable fact that ……At present, it is inevitable and undeniable that …..例句：Currently, there is an inevitable and undeniable fact that computer is playing a significant role in our daily livesAt present, it is inevitable and undeniable that advertisement has been flooding into our daily lives5.随着社会(科技)的发展,人们开始注意到XXXX的重要性Along with the advance of the society (science and technology), people are attaching much importance to ……例句：Along with the advance of the society, people are attaching more and more importance to the interview in the job-hunting6.最近, XXXXX现象引起了人们的广泛注重Recently, the phenomenon that …… has aroused wide public concern例句：Recently, the phenomenon that CPI keeps increasing has aroused wide public concern7.一部分人认为……., 而另一部分人认为……Some people argue that….., whereas others maintain that….8. 就我个人来说(老实说), 我全力支持前者(后者eg. As for me, I am in high favor of the former (latter).Personally, I side with the former (latter)Frankly speaking/ To be frank/ To be honest/ Honestly speaking, it is the former (latter) that I approve of9.我认为(在我看来,就我看来,我的观点是, 我想….)I am convinced that….As far as I am concerned, …..From my point of view, …..From where I stand, ……11.所以, 基于以上讨论, 我们很容易得出……的结论Based on the discussion above, it is easy for us to draw the conclusion that…..12.作文中一些可用来替换常用词汇的高级词汇important—significant; good—stunning/ fabulous/ sensational ; way—approach/ methoduse—adopt; understand/know—figure… out ; but—nevertheless; so—consequently/ thereforebecause of—due to; like to do/want to do— be willing to do; finish—accomplish;13.According to the statistics provided by..., it can be seen that...14. There is good/sufficient evidence to show that...15. No one can ignore/overlook the fact that...二、用于文章结尾的句型：1) From what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that ...综上所述,我们能够得出结论2) It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on ...是时候我们该注重…了3) There is no immediate solution to the problem of..., but... might be helpful/beneficial.没有立即的问题解决办法,但是…或许有用.4 )In short,... we should learn to...; Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved properly.总来说之,我们应该学会去…,只有这样最困难的麻烦才会被恰当解决。

英语文献综述常用词汇

如何写英语文献综述文献综述（Literautre Review）是科研论文中重要的文体之一。

它以作者对各种文献资料的整理、归纳、分析和比较为基础,就某个专题的历史背景、前人的工作、研究现状、争论的焦点及发展前景等方面进行综合、总结和评论。

通过阅读文献综述,科研工作者可花费较少的时间获得较多的关于某一专题系统而具体的信息,了解其研究现状、存在的问题和未来的发展方向。

因此,它的学术水平和价值受到特别的重视。

文献综述往往被收集在专业期刊的Review栏目中，常见的有Survey，Advances, Progress，Recent Advances，Update 和Annual Review等.根据写作目的和内容的侧重点，文献综述大致可以分为动态性综述(developmental review）、成就性综述（result review)和争鸣性综述（contentious review）。

按时间来划分，文献综述又可分为回顾性综述(retrospective review)和前瞻性综述（prospective review）。

根据作者的参与情况，文献综述还可分为归纳性综述(inductive review)和评论性综述（critical review).文献综述的分类并非绝对，在实际写作中,往往是各种类型综合在一起.一篇结构完整的文献综述应由六个部分组成：标题与作者(title and author）、摘要与关键词（abstract and key words)、引言（introduction）、述评（review）、结论(conclusion）和参考文献（references）.与研究论文相比,文献综述的篇章结构比较自由，但其中最为核心的部分是引言、述评和结论。

下面将分别介绍这几个部分的特点及其写作方法。

2。

1 引言(Introduction）引言是文献综述正文的开始部分,主要包括两个内容:一是提出问题；二是介绍综述的范围和内容.提出问题时，作者要给出定义性解释、交代研究背景、简单介绍不同文献的看法和分歧所在并介绍该文献的写作目的;介绍该综述的范围和主要内容时,作者应使用简明扼要的语句加以概括.引言部分通常为200～300词。