过去完成时(详细讲解)
过去完成时的详细讲解和练习题(全面解析)
过去完成时的详细讲解和练习题(全面解析)1. 过去完成时的定义和用法过去完成时（Past Perfect）是英语中用来表示在过去某个时间之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态的时态。
它通常和过去时态（Simple Past）一起使用，用来区分先后发生的动作或事件。
2. 过去完成时的结构过去完成时的结构由 "had" + 动词的过去分词构成。
例如：- I had finished my homework before she arrived.- They had already left when we got there.3. 过去完成时的用法过去完成时主要用来表达以下几个情况：- 表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。
例如：- She had already left when I called her.- They had finished their dinner before the movie started.- 用来构建时间顺序上的递进或对比关系。
例如：- He had visited many countries before he settled down in France.- I had never seen such a beautiful sunset until that day.- 用于条件句中，表示在过去某个时间之前的假设情况。
例如：- If I had known the truth, I would have acted differently.4. 过去完成时的练题请根据句意和语境，使用适当的过去完成时形式填空。
1. By the time I arrived, they __________ their dinner.2. She __________ the book before she went to bed.3. If he __________ more carefully, he wouldn't have made that mistake.4. They __________ their work before the deadline.5. We __________ all the tickets by the time you arrived.参考答案：1. had finished2. had read3. had driven 5. had sold。
过去完成时的详细讲解和练习题(全面解析)
过去完成时的详细讲解和练习题(全面解析)一、过去完成时的概念过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。
* We had finished our dinner when he arrived.（他来的时候我们已经吃完晚饭了。
）* When I got to the cinema, the film had started.（当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
）二、过去完成时的构成过去完成时的构成：had + 过去分词。
基本结构：主语 + had + 过去分词+ …* She had already left when I arrived.（我到的时候她已经离开了。
）* I had finished my work before he called.（他打电话之前我已经完成了我的工作。
）三、过去完成时的用法1. 表示过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。
* They had gone out before I arrived.（我到之前他们就已经离开了。
）* She had read the book before she went to bed.（她在睡觉前已经读过那本书了。
）2. 表示过去的过去，即在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。
常和过去时连用。
* He said that he had visited the museum before.（他说他以前去过博物馆。
）* She had finished her homework when her mother came back.（当她妈妈回来时，她已经完成了作业。
）四、过去完成时的练题1. __________(you, finish) your homework before you went to bed last night?2. By the time we arrived, the party __________(start) .3. I __________(not, see) the movie before last night.4. Before I came to China, I __________(study) Chinese for three years.5. They __________(already, leave) when I got to the station.【答案】1. Had you finished your homework before you went to bed last night?2. By the time we arrived, the party had started.3. I had not seen the movie before last night.4. Before I came to China, I had studied Chinese for three years.5. They had already left when I got to the station.。
精华版过去完成时讲解
精华版过去完成时讲解过去完成时是英语语法中的一个时态，用来表示在过去某一特定时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
在这篇文章中，我们将详细讲解过去完成时的用法和特点。
一、过去完成时的构成过去完成时的构成由“had + 过去分词”组成。
其中，“had”是过去完成时的助动词，根据主语的人称和数的变化进行变化，而过去分词则通常保持不变。
例如：1. I had finished my homework before my mom came home.我在我妈妈回家之前已经完成了我的作业。
2. They had already left when we arrived at the party.当我们到达派对时，他们已经离开了。
二、过去完成时的用法1. 表示在过去某一特定时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
例如：Before she arrived, he had already left.她到达之前，他已经离开了。
2. 表示过去某个时间点之前已经发生的动作。
By the time I got home, my sister had already eaten all the cake.当我到家时，我的妹妹已经把蛋糕都吃完了。
3. 在由时间状语从句引导的句子中，常用过去完成时表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
例如：She had finished her work before she went to bed.她上床睡觉前已经完成了她的工作。
4. 在条件句的结构中，过去完成时可以用来表示对过去情况的假设。
例如：If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.如果他学习更努力些，他就会通过考试。
三、过去完成时的注意事项1. 过去完成时经常与过去简单时连用，表示先后发生的两个动作。
例如：He had already left when I arrived.当我到达时，他已经离开了。
过去完成时(详细讲解)
目 录
• 过去完成时基本概念 • 过去完成时用法详解 • 过去完成时与现在完成时对比 • 过去完成时常见错误及纠正 • 过去完成时典型例句分析 • 过去完成时在写作和口语中的应用
01 过去完成时基本概念
定义与构成
定义
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间 或动作之前已经发生或完成的动 作，即“过去的过去”。
主语 + had + not + 过去分词：表示主语在过去某一时间之前尚未完成的动作，即“过去 的过去”的否定形式。
主语 + had + just/already/ever/never等 + 过去分词：这些副词与过去完成时连用，表示 不同的时间概念和语气。例如，“just”表示“刚刚”，“already”表示“已经”， “ever”表示“曾经”，“never”表示“从未”。
02 过去完成时用法详解
表示过去某一时间前已完成的动作
动作发生在过去的过去
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动 作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“ 过去的过去”。
强调动作的完成
过去完成时强调动作在过去某一时间 之前已经完成，不强调动作发生的具 体时间。
表示过去某一时间前已开始并持续到过去的动作
动作在过去某一时间前开始
过去完成时还可以在复合句中表 达“过去的过去”，即在过去某 个时间之前已经完成的动作。
在复合句中，过去完成时常用在 主句或从句中，表示一个动作在 另一个动作之前已经完成。
例如：By the time he was ten, he had learned to play the piano. 他十岁时就已经学会了弹钢 琴。
02
现在完成时的时间参照点是现在 ，表示从过去某个不确定的时间 开始一直持续到现在的动作或状 态。
精华版过去完成时讲解
过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ｐａsｔ-in－the-pａｓt )”。
----|-----－－-－－-－--－－----－－---－｜--－-----－-----－----－-----－----－|－-－----－-－----－－-－-------－－-＞那时以前那时现在构成:过去完成时由“助动词ｈaｄ+ 过去分词”构成,其中had 通用于各种人称。
They had ａlrｅadｙｈａd breaｋfasｔbeforｅthey aｒｒｉvｅd at the hoｔel.Shｅhad finｉshed writｉnｇｔhe composｉtioｎbｙ 10 :0０ tｈｉs moｒning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ） by ＋过去的时间点。
如: I haｄ fｉnｉsｈｅｄｒeadinｇｔｈe noveｌｂy ｎinｅo＇clock ｌast nｉｇhｔ. ( ２ ) bｙ thｅｅnｄｏf + 过去的时间点。
如：Ｗe had ｌｅaｒned oｖer twｏｔhousａｎd Englｉｓh wｏrｄs ｂy tｈe enｄ of lａst terｍ.（ 3 ）bｅfore + 过去的时间点。
如：Ｔhey had plaｎted six ｈuｎdreｄｔrｅes bｅfore ｌａsｔＷｅdnesdａy.２. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在:( 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。
在told, sａｉd, knｅｗ, hｅard， thｏuｇht等动词后的宾语从句。
初中英语过去完成时详细讲解
初中英语语法过去完成时详细讲解过去完成时是英语中一种表示过去某一时间点之前已经发生的动作或情况的时态。
它由"had + 过去分词"构成。
过去完成时的用法如下：1. 表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作：①She had already finished her homework when I arrived.（我到达时，她已经完成了作业。
）这里表示在我到达之前，她已经完成了作业。
②They had left before the concert started.（音乐会开始之前，他们已经离开了。
）这里表示在音乐会开始之前，他们已经离开了。
2. 表示在过去某一时间点之前持续的动作或状态：①He had been studying English for three years before he moved to England.（在他搬去英国之前，他已经学习英语三年了。
）这里表示在他搬去英国之前，他一直在学习英语。
需要注意的是，过去完成时强调的是过去某一时间点之前的动作或情况。
因此，常与过去的时间状语连用，如before、after等，以明确指定过去的时间点。
另外，过去完成时常与过去简单时连用，用于表示两个过去的动作或情况的先后顺序。
过去完成时的动作通常发生在过去简单时的动作之前。
例如：①She had finished her homework before she went to bed.（她在睡觉前已经完成了作业。
）②They had already left when I arrived at the party.（当我到达派对时，他们已经离开了。
）总结起来，过去完成时用于表示过去某一时间点之前已经发生的动作或情况，常与过去的时间状语连用，以明确指定过去的时间点。
同时，过去完成时通常与过去简单时连用，以表示两个过去的动作或情况的先后关系。
过去完成时(详细讲解)
过去完成时一．定义过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前,已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也可说是“过去的过去”。
是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。
常与by，before等引导的时间连用，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示。
二、构成：have/has+v-ed三、用法1.过去完成时表示在过去某时或某个动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态或表示经历或经验.I said mother had been angry about your laziness since we moved here.The film had begun before we got to the cinema.2.过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能延续下去的动作。
常和by 或since, for引导的表时间的从句或短语连用,但必须要与一个表示过去时的动作相对照.He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.We hadn’t seen each other since he left Nanjing.3.过去完成时表示在某一动作之前已经完成的动作. 过去的时间由before, after, when引导的时间从句表示出来.I had finished cooking dinner before you came back.The class had begun when I got to schoolHe had left before I got home.4.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。
过去完成时讲解全解课件
选择题练习
答案与解析： A. been on (正确)
选择题练习
• B. come on
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
填空题练习
• 填空题1： By the time I my homework, my parents dinner.
填空题练习
• 答案与解析：
• 填空1答案与解析： finished (正确) • 填空2答案与解析： had cooked (正确) • 解析： 句意是“当我完成作业的时候，我的父母已经做好了晚饭”。根据时间状语从
翻译练习
• 翻译1： 我已经完成了我的作业，现在我可以去看电影了。
翻译练习
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答案与解析：
02
翻译： I have finished my homework, now I can go to the movies. (正确)
03
解析： 这句话的意思是“我已经完成了作业，现在我可以 去看电影了”。根据语境可知，这句话应该用现在完成时， 表示过去的某个动作对现在的影响。因此，正确的翻译是 “I have finished my homework, now I can go to the movies”。
在过去的某个时间点之前已经存在的状态
01
总结词
表示在过去的某个时间点之前已经存在的状态，这个状 态可能一直持续到该时间点。
03
02
详细描述
过去完成时也可以用来描述在过去的某个时间点之前已 经存在的状态，这个状态可能一直持续到该时间点，并 且可能对后续的状态或动作产生影响。
示例
He had known her for many years before they got married. (在他们结婚之前，他已经认识她很多年了。)
精华版过去完成时讲解
精华版过去完成时讲解过去完成时是英语中的一种时态，用来表达在过去某个时间点或事件之前已经完成的动作或状态。
本文将为大家详细讲解过去完成时的使用规则及示例，让大家能够更好地理解和运用这一时态。
一、过去完成时的基本结构过去完成时的基本结构由"had + 过去分词"组成。
其中，"had"是过去完成时的助动词，根据主语的人称和数变化，而过去分词则是动词的第三形式。
二、过去完成时的用法1. 表示在过去某一时间点或动作之前已经发生的动作或状态，可理解为"过去的过去"。
常用的时间状语包括"before"（之前），"after"（之后），"by the time"（到...时），"until"（直到）等。
例如：- She had finished her work before she went to bed.（她睡觉前已经完成了工作）- He had already left when we arrived.（我们到达时他已经离开了）- By the time I got to the cinema, the movie had started.（我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了）- The train had left when I reached the station.（当我到达车站时，火车已经开走了）2. 过去完成时也可用于虚拟语气，表示对过去某一动作的假设或想象。
例如：- If I had known the truth, I would not have made that mistake.（如果我当时知道真相，我就不会犯那个错误）- If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.（如果他学习更努力，他就能通过考试）3. 在间接引语中，当陈述句发生的时间先于引述动词的时间时，常使用过去完成时。
过去完成时用法讲解
过去完成时用法讲解1、概述过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。
它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下代表示。
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected. 当她终于收到她盼望已久的杂志时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。
2、构成过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成。
其否定式、肯定式、疑问式如下表：肯定式否定式疑问式I(we) I(We) youYou had read it. had not read it Had they read it?He(She, They) He(She ,They) he注意：had not 常简略为hadn't。
They asked me to have a drink with them and said it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink. 他们请我和他们一起喝酒，并说我自上次喝酒到现在至少十年了。
We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.到上个月末为止，我们已经学了30课。
He said we hadn’t seen each other since I left Beijing.自从我离开北京，我们还没见过面。
3、过去完成时的用法过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。
不同的是，过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。
过去完成时的使用方法讲解及练习题(详细介绍)
过去完成时的使用方法讲解及练习题(详细介绍)过去完成时的使用方法讲解及练题过去完成时是英语中常用的一种时态，它表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，通常与过去时连用。
本篇文档旨在详细介绍过去完成时的用法，并提供相关练题。
过去完成时的构成过去完成时由 had + 过去分词构成，其中 had 是情态动词 have 的过去式，表示在过去某个时间之前曾经发生过的动作或状态。
例如：- I had finished my homework before my mother came back home.过去完成时的用法过去完成时表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作。
通常与过去时连用，用于强调两个已经完成的动作的先后顺序。
例如：- He had already left when I arrived at the airport.- They had been married for 5 years before they decided to have a baby.过去完成时也可以用于条件从句中，表示对过去某个条件的假设。
例如：过去完成时和其他过去时态的区别过去完成时常常和过去时连用，两者的区别在于过去完成时强调的是两个已经完成的动作之间的先后顺序，而过去时则只表示过去发生的动作。
例如：- He went to bed after he had finished his homework.- He went to bed after he finished his homework.练题请用适当的时态填空：1. By the time he arrived, we __________ (finish) our lunch.2. She __________ (never, see) such a beautiful sunset before she came to Hawaii last summer.3. If I __________ (have) enough money, I would have bought the car.4. They __________ (watch) the movie twice before they realized it was boring.5. She __________ (study) English for 3 years before she went to the UK.答案：1. had finished2. had never seen3. had had4. had watched5. had studied。
完整版)初中过去完成时讲解
完整版)初中过去完成时讲解过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态的时态。
它强调了过去的过去，有时可以用介词短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过上下文来表示。
基本结构是主语+had+过去分词，肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句都有相应的用法。
例如，“Had you finished your homework before you went out?”可以表示过去完成时的一般疑问句。
过去完成时有三种基本用法。
第一种是表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成的动作，可以用介词短语或时间状语从句来表示，如“By the time I arrived。
they had already left.”第二种是表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for、since构成的时间状语连用，如“I had been waiting for the bus for half an hour when it finally came.”第三种是在叙述过去发生的事情时，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作，常使用过去完成时，如“He had XXX I arrived.”在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时，如“The book。
which I had read before。
was very interesting.”需要注意的是，过去完成时不应该和过去时混淆使用，因为它们的时间点不同。
过去完成时强调了过去的过去，而过去时则只是表示过去的动作或状态。
5) The past perfect tense is often used in the object clauses (or indirect speech) after verbs such as told。
said。
knew。
heard。
thought。
etc。
In this case。
初中过去完成时讲解
初中过去完成时讲解过去完成时定义过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
基本结构主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词.②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+had not .④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？基本用法（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。
即“过去的过去”。
可以用by, before，by the time +从句等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spacesh ip. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a b us finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。
高中英语语法过去完成时专题讲解
高中英语语法过去完成时专题讲解（一）过去完成时1.过去完成时：✈1).概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
✈2).时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.✈3).基本结构：have/has + done✈4).否定形式：have/has + not +done.✈5).一般疑问句：have或has提前概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即过去的过去（past-in-the-past ） ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前 那时 现在 构成：过去完成时由"助动词had + 过去分词"构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.2、过去完成时的判断依据:由时间状语来判定✈ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。
Eg: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.✈ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。
Eg: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.✈ 3 ）before + 过去的时间点。
Eg: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.3.课堂练习:一.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.二．句型转换1．I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句）2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）3.They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.（否定）4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问）5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑问）6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. （改一般疑问）7..He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线部分提问）8.When he had read the note, he ate it. （对划线部分提问）9..Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film. （对划线部分提问）10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. （对划线部分提问）Keys:一、1. had painted... moved 2. had made ... died 3. had studied…left4. had run away..arrived5. had turned off …went 6. went …had made 7. said …had read 8 failed …had made9. (had) finished …left 10. were having/had had …got二、1．I hadn't sold the ticket when she came.2. She hadn't sung a song to us before she danced.3. They didn't begin to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.4. Had you been very hungry by 10:00 a.m?5. Had Lucy completed the project when I arrived yet?6. Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport?7. What had he done when you saw him?8.What did he do when he had read the note?9. Why didn't Jack go to the cinema?10. How long had you/we had the toys before you/we gave them to the child?(二)过去将来时：定义：它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。
初中英语语法大全之过去完成时详解
初中英语语法大全之过去完成时详解过去完成时是表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果，或过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。
下面就是老师为同学们带来的对过去完成时的详细讲解，供同学们学习的参考。
总结过去完成时①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。
一、基本结构：主语+had+过去分词①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词.②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+hadnot.④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？二、基本用法1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。
即“过去的过去”。
可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如：Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgotten200picturesfromthesp aceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。
2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。
例如：Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
3）一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by+过去的时间点。
如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.（2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。
过去完成时讲解
一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3）before + 过去的时间点。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。
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The result was better than what we had expected.
2. 我们期望你会来的，但是你没有来。
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
试作比较：
昨天我见到王先生了．自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见 过面。
(
)6. I learned_______ the city for a long time. A. she has been in B. she has gone to C. she had been in D. she had gone to ( )7. He said that he _______ a cold for Dthree days. A. has B. had caught C. had had D. has got ( )8. I saw Kate with a new radio in her hand yesterday, but she told me she______the radio for ten days. A. has bought B. had bought C. has had D. had had
• He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. • I (had) called her before I left the office.
More practice had left •When I arrived there, they___________(leave) already. had started •The film______________(start),when we got to the cinema. had read •I ___________(read) the book before I started school.
•I _______________ hadn’t realized (not realize) she wasn’t Chinese until she spoke.
选择填空 ( c )1.--- “Did you see Tom at the party?” ---“No, Mary told me that he ___ by the time I got there.” A A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left ( )2. He said that he ____ his lunch yet. D A. hadn’t had B. hasn’t had C. wouldn’t have D. was having ( )3. By the end of last year we ____ each other for ten years. c A. have known B. knew C. were knowing D. had known ( )4. I saw Li Lei yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other ______ I left Beijing. A. after B. before C. since D. until
4.在told, said, knew, heard, thought 等 动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成 时。
1. 她说她从来没有去过巴黎。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
2. 我觉得我以前见过他。
I thought that I had seen him before.
More practice: met 1. He told me had he ________(meet) her before. done 2. She thanked me for had what I _______(do) for her son. learnt 3. I had ________(learn) 300 words by the end of last month. had left 4. He _______(leave) his office when I arrived there. 5. Shehad _________(visit) the city three times before she visited died in 1997. had borrowed 6. They knew she ___________(borrow) a lot of money have taken has lived for her daughter. 7. Great changes __________(take) place in my hometown had lived since 1996. 8. He __________(live) in Beijing since he was born. 9. He told me he ________(live) in Beijing since he was born.
• I saw Mr. Wang yesterday. We had not seen each other since he left Beijing.
自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。
• We have not seen each other since
he left Beijing.
试比较： 1. 我在这工作已经五年了。 2. 到2005年8月，我在这工作已经五年了。
基本用法:
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某时或某个动作之
前发生的动作或存在的状态或表示经历或经验.
(1) 我说自从你搬到这儿以来妈妈一直为你的懒惰
而生气.
I said mother had been angry about your laziness since we moved here.
(2) 我到达电影院之前电影早已经开始了.
A )10. The film _______ for ten minutes
1. 他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年.
He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.
2. 当Millie到达电影院的时候, 电影已经开始了半个小时了.
By the end of last term, we had learnt over 4,000 words.
5. 我们完成这项工作比预料中的时间要早的多.
We finished the work much earlier than we had expected.
6. 贝尔在30岁前发明了电话.
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去, 但侧重对现在产生 的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关. 其结构为”助动词 have/has+过去分词”; 过去完成时则是一个相对的时 态, 它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调”过去的 过去”,只有和过去的某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它. 到目前为止我已经学会了3000个单词.
3. 自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面.
We hadn’t seen each other since he left Nanjing.
3. 过去完成时表示在某一动作之前已经完 成的动作. 过去的时间由before, after, when引导的时间从句表示出来.
1. 我在你回来之前就已经把晚饭准备好了.
• They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
(说明不到１０点就在车站了）
• They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
(说明１０点到车站的）
2) 在没有明确的时间状语做标志时，谓语 动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判 断，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一 般过去时． 在妈妈回来前，我已经把作业写完了。
The present perfect tense:
Have / has + the past participle I have received a letter from Lily recently.
Has he handed in her homework yet?
He has just gone to Beijing. They have never been to the USA. We have lived here for ten years.
had tried •They thought that they___________(try) their best.
•The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he had passed away (pass away) before she was born. __________________
The film had begun before we got to the
cinema.
2. 过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前开始一直 延续到那个时间并可能延续下去的动作。常和by 或since, for引导的表时间的从句或短语连用, 但必须要与一个表示过去时的动作相对照.
1. 他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年.
3. Tom说他借了这本书两周了。
Tom said he had borrowed the book for 2 weeks.
kept
5. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, mean, suppose等，用过 去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。