A cooled 1-2 GHz balanced HEMT amplifier
FLIR ONE Pro热成像仪产品介绍说明书
The FLIR ONE Pro gives you the power to find invisible problems faster than ever. Combining a higher-resolution thermal sensor able to measure temperatures up to 400 °C (752 °F)with powerful measurement tools and report generation capability, the FLIR ONE Pro will work as hard as you do. Its revolutionary VividIR ™ image processing lets you see more details and provide your customers with proof that you solved their problem right the first time. The updated design includes the revolutionary OneFit ™ adjustable connector to fit your phone, without taking the phone out of its compatible protective case. An improved FLIR ONE app lets you measure multiple temperatures or regions of interest at once and stream to your smartwatch for remote viewing. Whether you’re inspecting electrical panels, looking for HVAC problems, or finding water damage, the new FLIR ONE Pro is a tool no serious professional should be without.VividIR IMAGE PROCESSING See It & Solve It - Sharpest Mobile Thermal Imaging Performance Lets You Detect Problems with Precision and Accuracy, then Document Your Fix for the Customer• Most advanced image resolution enhancement detects the thermal details you need to find problems fast• With 160 x 120 thermal resolution, FLIR ONE Pro uses FLIR’s highest resolution micro thermal camera and can measure temperatures as high as 400 °C (752 °F)• FLIR MSX ® embosses visible edges from the 1440 x 1080 HD camera onto thermal imagery to create a sharper, easier to understand pictureOneFit CONNECTOR Leave Your Case On - Adjustable Connector Means You Don’t Have to Choose Between Thermal Vision and Safeguarding Your Device when Using Compatible Protective Cases • Adjust length of USB-C and Lightening connector up to an additional 4 mm • Reversible connectors for Android and iOS• Secure the FLIR ONE to your mobile device while keeping your phone safe HARD-WORKING APP Work Like a Pro - Work-Based Features IncludeAdvanced Capabilities for More ProfessionalProblem Solving and Functionality• Use multiple real-time spot meters and regions of interest• Access real-time thermal tips and tricks in the FLIR ONE app followed by professional reporting through FLIR Tools• See around corners and in awkward spaces by connecting to your Apple Watch or Android smartwatchFLIR ONE PRO ®Provided by: (800)404-ATECAdvanced Test Equipment Corp .®Rentals • Sales • Calibration • ServiceSpecificationsEquipment described herein is subject to US export regulations and may require a license prior to export. Diversion contrary to US law is prohibited. Imagery for illustration purposes only. Specifications are subject to change without notice. ©2017 FLIR Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 06/06/1717-1746-OEM-FLIROne_Pro CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS FLIR Systems, Inc.27700 SW Parkway Ave.Wilsonville, OR 97070PH: +1 877.773.3547SANTA BARBARA FLIR Systems, Inc.6769 Hollister Ave.Goleta, CA 93117PH: +1 805.690.6600CHINA FLIR Systems Co., Ltd Room 502, West Wing, Hanwei Building No. 7 Guanghua Ave.Chaoyang District, Beijing 100004, China Phone: +86 10-59797755EUROPE FLIR Systems, Inc.Luxemburgstraat 22321 Meer Belgium PH: +32 (0) 3665 NASDAQ: FLIR。
高频实力强劲，Advanced Amplifiers Solid State RF Amplifie
Instruction Manual Including Quick Start GuideAdvanced AmplifiersSolid State RF Amplifier SystemAA-1M6G-301 MHz - 6.0 GHz, 30 Watt, 45dB MinTable of ContentsSAFETY INSTRUCTIONS (3)SPECIFICATIONS (4)ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS: 50Ω, 25°C (4)ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS (4)MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS (4)OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS & GENERAL INFORMATION (5)INTRODUCTION (5)INCOMING INSPECTION (5)RF & AC CABLE CONNECTION (5)RF TURN ON PROCEDURE (5)RF TURN OFF PROCEDURE (5)DECLARATION OF CE CONFORMITY (6)LIMITED WARRANTY (6)CONTACT INFORMATION (6)FRONT & REAR PANEL DESCRIPTIONS (7)FRONT PANEL VIEW (7)REAR PANEL VIEW (8)SYSTEM OUTLINE VIEW (9)SAFETY INSTRUCTIONSBEFORE USING THIS EQUIPMENTRead this manual and become familiar with safety markings and instructions.Inspect unit for any sign of external damage. Do not use this equipment if there is physical damage or missing parts. Verify the input AC voltage to the main power supply.For a system with a digital controller option – DO NOT USE OR CONNECT a PoE enabled ethernet switch to a system. Our digital controller does not support PoE connection and will cause permanent damages to a controller unit. INTENDED USEThis product is intended for general laboratory use in a wide variety of industrial and scientific applications.RF OUTPUT LOAD & PROPER GROUNDING REQUIREDThe RF output connector must be connected to a load before the AC switch is turned on.AC & RF power must be off before disconnecting the output load or other components.The main power source to the equipment must have an uninterrupted safety ground that has sufficient size to the power cord.REPAIR & MAINTENANCEAll repair or maintenance work must be performed by a factory authorized technician in order to extend the operating life of this equipment and not to void any outstanding warranty.FORCED AIR COOLINGThis equipment requires forced air cooling. All air inlets and outlets must be cleared and free of blocking at all time. Insufficient air flow will result in damaged equipment.SAFETY SYMBOLSThis symbol is marked on the equipment when it is necessary for the user to refer to the manual forimportant safety information. This symbol is indicated in the Table of Contents to assist in locatingpertinent information.Dangerous voltages are present. Use extreme care.The caution symbol denotes a potential hazard. Attention must be given to the statement to preventdamage, destruction or harm.This symbol indicates protective earth terminal.SPECIFICATIONSELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS: 50Ω, 25°CParameter Specification NotesBand A BOperating Frequency Band 1 - 1000 MHz 1 - 6 GHz Band switching @ 15 mS Max Power Output @ Psat30 Watt Min / 50 Watt Typ CW or Pulse Power Gain45 dB Min0dBm or less for rated Pout Power Gain Flatness 4.0 dB p-p Max Constant input power Gain Adjustment Range20 dB Min Local or remote Input Return Loss-10 dB Max2-Tone Intermodulation (IMD)-30 dBc Typ35dBm/Tone, Δ = 1MHz Harmonics<-20 dBc Typ At rated Pout Spurious-60 dBc Max Non-harmonics Operating Voltage100 - 240 VAC47 - 63 HzPower Consumption500 Watt Max At rated PoutInput Power Protection+10 dBm Max1Load VSWR Protection 6 : 1: Max2Foldback @ preset limit Sample Port (optional)-40 dB N-Female1 Units with optional digital monitor and control, for basic units <10 Sec without damage2 Units with optional digital monitor and control, for basic units <1 minute at rated PoutENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICSParameter Specification Notes Operating Ambient Temperature0 to +50 °CStorage Temperature-40 to +85 °CRelative Humidity up to 95 %Non-condensing Altitude3000 metersShock & Vibration Normal transport3MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONSParameter Specification Notes Dimensions W x H x D430 x 88 x 700 mm2U, excluding handles Weight12 Kg.RF Connectors Input/Output/Sample N-Female Front or rear panel Interface Connector9-Pin D-Sub Rear panelAC Power IEC 60320-C14Or equivalent Cooling Built in Fan Cooling Variable speedOPTIONAL: Digital Monitor & Control (DMC) FWD, REV, VSWR, GAIN, ALC, V & I, TEMP, Optional Safety Interlock (INT)Ethernet RJ-45 TCP/IP, RS422/485, USBOptional GPIB InterfaceOpen=STBY/Short=RFONIEEE rear panelBNC-F rear panelOPERATING INSTRUCTIONS & GENERAL INFORMATION INTRODUCTIONAdvanced Amplifiers is an amplifier equipment and services company supporting commercial and government organizations worldwide.Headquartered in San Diego, California, the company utilizes its global network of resources to effectively serve and support customer requirements.As a unique original equipment manufacturer of power amplifiers ranging from 10KHz to 40GHz with various output power levels for CW & pulse testing applications, we can also fully support custom designs and manufacturing requirements for both small and large volume procurements. We bring decades of combined experience in the RF field for numerous applications including and not limited to, EMI/EMC, communications, and various commercial and industry standards.With our in-house capabilities and fully equipped testing facilities, Advanced Amplifiers is committed to provide the best in RF products with industry leading quality and lead times.INCOMING INSPECTIONInspect unit for any sign of external damage. Do not use this equipment if there is physical damage or missing parts. Inspect all front and rear panel connectors for damage. Inspect fans and their airways for any damage or blockings. For a unit with a digital controller option, the USB and ethernet interface and commands list is in the second part of the manual.RF & AC CABLE CONNECTIONRF Input and Output connectors are outlined in the specifications table. Use the standard AC cable that was supplied by the manufacturer or higher power rating cables than the manual specifies. Refer to the front and rear panel description page for the location of RF and AC connectors.For a system with a digital controller option – DO NOT USE OR CONNECT a PoE enabled ethernet switch to a system. Our digital controller does not support PoE connection and will cause permanent damages to a controller unit. RF TURN ON PROCEDUREConnect RF input to an RF Pulse Generator and Gating signal. Connect a suitable load for the power rated and continuous operation to the output connector. Turn on the AC switch, display will show STANDBY. Optionally, connect the unit to a digital control Software or Ethernet connection. Set the RF generator to nominal 0dBm and set the desired frequency in the specified range. Select Gain or ALC and set to the desirable output power level then press the ONLINE button. Use the front panel LCD gain adjust or the remote function to adjust the output power on the power meter and the LCD screen to desired levels.Refer to Appendix-1 for detailed operating instructions of the local and remote controller.RF TURN OFF PROCEDUREDecrease the RF drive from the RF generator to below -20dBm and press STANDBY on the LCD or via the control software. Turn off AC switch on the front panel. Disconnect any unnecessary cable connections.DECLARATION OF CE CONFORMITYWe, Advanced Amplifiers Corp, declare under our sole responsibility that the product to which this declaration relates is in conformity with the following standard(s) or other normative document(s):Council Directive 98/37/EC on the Safety of Machinery DirectiveCouncil Directive 2014/35/EC on Low Voltage Equipment SafetyLIMITED WARRANTYAdvanced Amplifiers warrants that goods delivered hereunder, at the time of delivery, will be free from defects in workmanship and material and will conform to the requirements of the purchase order. Seller’s liability hereunder shall be limited to the repair or replacement of defective goods F.O.B. factory of which Seller is modified in writing by Buyer within three (3) years following delivery thereof to Buyer, and in no event will Seller be liable for incidental, special or consequential damages. (Note: One (1) year warranty for moving parts such as fans and power supplies). The foregoing warranty is in lieu of all other warranties express or implied (except as to title), including any implied warranty of merchantability or suitability for purpose or against infringement..CONTACT INFORMATIONPlease send all inquiries to:Advanced Amplifiers10401 Roselle StreetSan Diego, CA 92121WEB: EMAIL: ****************************COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKSCopyright 2022 Advanced Amplifiers, All rights reserved. All other trademarks and brand names are the property of their respective proprietors.FRONT & REAR PANEL DESCRIPTIONS FRONT PANEL VIEWNo.Title Function1RF SAMPLE A N Female, RF SAMPLE Connector.SAMPLE PORT MUST BE TERMINATED AT ALL TIME2RF SAMPLE B N Female, RF SAMPLE Connector.SAMPLE PORT MUST BE TERMINATED AT ALL TIME30dBm INPUT N Female, 0dBm INPUT Connector.4FAULT LED System Fault LED: Turn ON an LED when Over-Temp, Ext. Shutdown. 5POWER SWITCH System Power Switch.6LCD DISPLAY 4” Touch screen LCD Display, System Control LCD Panel.REAR PANEL VIEWNo.Title Function1AC POWER CONNECTOR AC Power Input 100 ~ 240VAC, 47/63Hz, IEC60320-14 Connector.2RS-422System RS-422 Communication / Gating Signal Female 9-Pin D-Sub Connector. P1 TX- P6 N/CP2 TX+ P7 N/CP3 RX+ P8 N/CP4 RX- P9 N/CP5 GND (RS-422)3GPIB IEEE-488 GPIB Interface Connector, Female.4DEBUG System Controller Debugging Female Connector. Port access requires factory authorization5USB USB Communication Connector, Type A Female.6ETHERNET Ethernet Communication Female Connector, RJ-45.For a system with a digital controller option – DO NOT USE OR CONNECT a PoE enabled ethernet switch to a system. Our digital controller does not support PoE connection and will cause permanent damages to a controller unit.7INTERLOCK BNC Female, Safety Interlock ConnectorInterlock Close Circuit : Normal operationInterlock Open Circuit : RF Off operation8GND Frame Ground.950Ω OUTPUT N Female, 50Ω OUTPUT Connector. 10Cooling FAN System Outlet Cooling FAN.SYSTEM OUTLINE VIEW。
努力电子EA-AMP-HYB-2D系列双通道电竞扬声器Amplifier快速启动指南说明书
page | 2INTRODUCTIONThank you for purchasing an Episode® amplifier. To get started, follow these instructions. For detailed specifications and configuration recommendations, see the product manual posted on our website.This two-channel amplifier (70V or 8 ohm selectable on each) is designed for applications requiring two-channel stereo audio or two mono zones of audio with different sources or levels. Channels can also be bridged to increase output power and send a singular mono signal.SOURCE CONNECTIONSBalanced and unbalanced connections are available as shown below. Line out connections may be used to send audio signals to other equipment.SPEAKER CONNECTIONSUse 14- or 16-gauge stranded two-conductor speaker wire. Connect the appropriate conductor to each screw terminal, observing correct polarity. Bridged markings are also shown below. Use burial-rated wire, as necessary, for outdoorapplications.SPEAKER OUTCALCULATING AMPLIFIER POWERThe number of satellites or subwoofers that can be connected is determined by the amplifier’s power. As the number of speakers increases, the power that is available to each decreases. Plan the system so that each speaker can receive the highest level of wattage available.NOTE: Only satellite speakers with 70V tap settings need to be calculated. 8Ωsatellite speakers and subwoofers do not require calculation.DIGITAL Support 866.838.5052page | 3© 2020 Episode®As with any 70V installation, we recommend leaving 20% of headroom, using only 80% of the rated power of the amplifier. For the EA-AMP-HYB-2D-1000 this is 400W/channel, and for the EA-AMP-HYB-2D-2000 this is 800W/channel.SPEAKER WIRING8Ω WiringBurial-rated wire is recommended for all installations. Maximum performance can be achieved using the following recommendations:• For wire runs up to 30 meters (100 feet), 16-gauge wire or large.• For wire runs up to 60 meters (200 feet), 14-gauge wire or larger.• For wire runs up to 90 meters (300 feet), 12-gauge wire or larger.NOTE: Smaller wire gauges may be used, but overall performance will be reduced depending on the wire gauge used. The chart below shows the wire length and theamount of signal loss that you can expect on a typical run.70V WiringBurial-rated wire is recommended for all outdoor installations.An advantage of 70V systems is that a smaller wire gauge can be used. A 20ga cable can be used for up to 1,147 feet with only an 11% power loss. An 18ga cable can be used for up to 2,029 feet and a 16ga up to 2,783 feet.page | 4IP/OVRC CONTROLConnect the amplifier to a LAN with internet access to activate an OvrC connection.Create a new account at , or log in to an existing account. Select Adda Device and enter the device’s MAC address and serial number (this informationcan be found next to the service tag on the product). If OvrC locates the device, directions to continue setup will be displayed. The local UI can be accessed without OvrC by entering the IP address into a web browser. Default login information is shown below:• Username: episode• Password: episodeThe following settings can be changed in the web interface:• System Status• Power On (Button, 12V Trigger, Audio Sense)• Input/Output Configuration• Audio Routing Configuration• Network IP and Clock Settings• EQ Presets for Episode Speaker Configurations• Custom DSP ControlPopular Control System and RS-232 drivers can be found via the ProductSupport tab.NOTE:The Hybrid amplifier’s default IP address is 192.168.100.118, ifyou do not connect it to the LAN.INPUT GAINThe Episode Hybrid amplifier is optimized for peak performance when the input voltage of the source is 1.4V. To help you achieve that number, the Hybrid amp includes a pre-amplified stage to modify the input source voltage. If the input voltage from the source is less than 1.4V, maximum power output from the amplifier cannot be achieved and the speakers may sound under powered, or quieter than expected. Adjust the Input Gain to get your source’s output voltage as close to 1.4V as possible.Use the Input Gain slider to boost the input voltage of your source and watch the Output Level to make sure it does not clip, or the level turn red. It important to determine how volume is being controlled for the zone in which the hybrid amplifier is being used. There are two common use cases for this amplifier.• Using the amplifiers output gain for volume control: This is therecommended configuration. Fix the volume of the source and usethe amplifier’s controls for volume adjustment. This allows for optimalperformance and a more granular adjustment to the zones volume. The goalis to make sure your Output Level doesn’t clip when your amplifier is at peakvolume. Support 866.838.5052page | 5© 2020 Episode®• Using the Source output for volume control: By using this method you are dynamically changing the source’s output voltage being input to the amplifier. With this setup, the scale and granularity of volume control is dependent on the source being used. The goal is to make sure your Output Level doesn’t clip when your source is at peak volume.NOTE: The output volume of the amplifier must be fixed for this configuration.See the EA-AMP-HYB Amplifier Source Output Chart to help you determine necessary adjustments.SPEAKER PRESETSAmplifiers come with a preloaded bank of presets noted in the table below. This includes full system presets and DSP settings for any landscape speaker when used in combination with ES-LS-BSUB-12 or ES-LS-HSUB-10.Using Presets in the Web Interface1. Click the Preset button at the top of the page.2. Select the preset from the Select Preset drop-down list.3. Click Load Preset .Using Presets with the Local Display1. Press the Menu button on the front of the amplifier.2. Turn the Adjust/Set knob until you see Menu Preset , then press the knob.3. Turn the Adjust/Set knob until you see the desired preset on the display panel,then press the knob. The preset name will appear with LOAD underneath. 4. Press the Adjust/Set knob once more, and the amplifier loads the presetfrom its memory.Preset charts are on the next page.page | 6 Support 866.838.5052page | 7NOTE: More preset files are available on the product page, if you can’t find a default preset that matches your system design. Refer to themanual for more instructions on loading those files into your Episode Hybrid amplifier.© 2020 Episode®page | 8WARRANTY2-Year Limited WarrantyEpisode® Amplifiers have a 2-Year Limited Warranty. This warranty includes parts and labor repairs on all components found to be defective in material or workmanship under normal conditions of use. This warranty shall not apply to products that have been abused, modified or disassembled. Products to be repaired under this warranty must be returned to a designated service center with an assigned return authorization (RA) number. Contact technical support at *************************************.CONTACTING TECHNICAL SUPPORT866.838.5052************************WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including Cadmium,which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and Reproductiveharm. For more information go to .Lithium Battery Caution:1. Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the sameor equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteriesaccording to the manufacturer’s instructions.2. Do not remove cover, no user serviceable components inside. Take unit to servicecenter for repairs and servicing.Batterie au lithium Attention :1. Danger d’explosion si la batterie est remplacée de manière incorrecte. Remplacezuniquement par le même type ou un type équivalent recommandé par le fabricant.Débarrassez-vous des piles usagées conformément aux instructions du fabricant.2. Ne retirez pas le couvercle, aucun composant interne réparable par l’utilisateur.Apportez l’appareil au centre de réparation pour réparation et entretien. Support 866.838.5052© 2020 Episode®Rev: 200715-1006。
MS2721A手持电池电源式频谱分析仪产品说明书
≤–153 dBm Displayed Average Noise Level T ypical @ 1GHzUnprecedented in handheld battery powered spectrum analyzers, the sensitivity of the MS2721A delivers the ability to measure very low level signals. Coupled with a wide range of resolution bandwidth choices, you can configure the Spectrum Master to meet your most challenging measurement needs.As the spectrum becomes more and more congested,the ability to measure low level signals becomes more and more important not only for interference detectionbut also for wireless system planning.Soft Key Active Function BlockHeadset 2.5 mmSpeakerLAN ConnectorSoft KeysBattery Charger InputOn/Off ButtonDirectional ButtonsDual FunctionKeypadRotary KnobUSB Jack31981Measurement Area Wide RBW & VBW RangeAM/FM DemodChannel PowerACPROBWField StrengthC/ICellular Measurements yes yes yes yes yes WiFi Measurements yesyesyesyesSpectrum Monitoring yes yes Interference DetectionyesyesyesEthernet connection.Commonly needed measurements are built in. These include field strength,occupied bandwidth, channel power, adjacent channel power ratio,AM/FM/SSB demodulation and carrier to interference (C/I) ratio measurements.The MS2721A Spectrum Master has a very wide dynamic range, allowing measurement of very small signals in the presence of much larger signals.These pictures show a measurement of a –114 dBm signal with and without the presence of a –22 dBm signal only 20 kHz away.Measuring a Small SignalWide Dynamic Range — Measuring a small signal in the presence of a very large signal4a signal source removes any question as to the source of the sidebands.Powerline related sidebands on a synthesized signal generatorTypical Phase Noise PerformanceContinuous frequency coverage from 100 kHz to 7.1 GHz gives the wireless professional the performance needed for the most demanding measurements.Whether your need is for spectrum monitoring, WiFi and WiFi5 installation and testing, RF and microwave signal measurements or cellular signalmeasurements, the MS2721A Spectrum Master gives you the tools you need to make the job easier and more productive. The built-in AM/FM/SSB demodulator simplifies the job of identifying interfering signals.5Remote T oolsImagine sitting at your desk while controlling an MS2721A that is miles away,seeing the screen display and operating with an interface that looks exactly like the instrument itself. That is what Remote Tools lets you do.Local Language SupportThe MS2721A features eight languages English, Spanish, German, French,Japanese, Chinese, Italian and Korean, two custom user-defined languages can be uploaded into the instrument using Master Software Tools, supplied with the instrument.Fast Sweep SpeedThe MS2721A can do a full span sweep in ≤900 milliseconds, and sweep speed in zero span can be set from 50 microseconds up to 4294 seconds. This is faster and more flexible than any portable spectrum analyzer on the market today, simplifying the capture of intermittent interference signals.+43 dBm Maximum Safe Input LevelBecause the MS2721A can survive an input signal of +43 dBm (20 watts)without damage, you can rest assured that the MS2721A can survive in even the toughest RF environments.Spectrum MonitoringA critical function of any spectrum analyzer is the ability to accurately view aportion of the RF and microwave spectrum. The MS2721A performs this function admirably thanks to the wide frequency range and excellent dynamic range. A built-in 64 MB compact flash memory module allows thousands of traces to be stored. The external compact flash connector allows additional compact flash memory to expand the trace storage without limit.Limit LinesThe MS2721A includes two types of limit lines, lower limit lines and upper limit lines. Limit lines may be used either for visual reference or for pass/fail criteria by implementing limit alarms. Limit alarm failures are reported if a signal is above the upper limit line or below the lower limit line. Each limit line may consist of up to 40 segments.AM, FM and SSB DemodulationMultiple Language Support6Segmented Limit Linesa standard feature of the MS2721A.Frequency Counter MarkersThe MS2721A Spectrum Master has frequency counter markers withresolution to 1Hz. Tie this capability to an external precision time base to get complementary accuracy.Functions Multiple Marker Display up to six markers on screen, each marker includes a delta marker. Marker TableDisplay a table of up to six marker frequency and amplitude values plus delta marker frequency offset and amplitude.Upper/Lower Limit Fixed and SegmentedEach upper and lower limit can be made up of between one and 40 segments.Smart Measurements Occupied Bandwidth Measures 99.99% to 1% power bandwidth of a spectrum.Channel Power Measures the total power in a specified bandwidth.C/I Measures the carrier to interference ratio in a specified bandwidth.ACPR Measures power levels in the channels immediately above and below the center channel.Field StrengthUses antenna calibration tables to measure dBm/meter or dBmV/meter.AM/FM/SSB DemodulationAllows the user to listen to interfering signals. De-emphasis is included for narrow-band FM and wideband FM. Upper Sideband and Lower Sideband demodulation includes a BFO that can be tuned ±10 kHz from the center frequency.Multiple Markers plus Multiple Delta Markers7simplifying the capture of intermittent interference signals.Carrier to Interference MeasurementAs more 802.11 access points are installed, there is an increasing level ofinterference in the 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands occupied by this service and other devices such as cordless telephones. This measurement capability makes it simple for an access point installer to determine if the level of interference is sufficient to cause difficulty for users in the intended service area, and can show the need to change to another access channel. The wide frequency coverage of the MS2721A makes this the only spectrum analyzer you need to install and maintain 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g wireless networks.Occupied BandwidthThis measurement determines the amount of spectrum used by a modulated signal.You can choose between two different methods of determining bandwidth: the percent of power method or the “x” dB down method, where “x” can be from 3dB to 100 dB down the skirts of the signal.Adjacent Channel Power RatioA common transmitter measurement is that of adjacent channel leakagepower. This is the ratio of the amount of leakage power in an adjacent channel to the total transmitted power in the main channel, and is used to replace the traditional two-tone intermodulation distortion (IMD) test for system non-linear behavior.The result of an ACPR measurement can be expressed either as a power ratio or a power density. In order to calculate the upper and lower adjacent channel values, the MS2721A allows the adjustment of four parameters to meet specific measurement needs: main channel center frequency, measurement channel bandwidth, adjacent channel bandwidth and channel spacing. When an airinterface standard is specified in the MS2721A, all these values are automatically set to the normal values for that standard.Occupied Bandwidth8Tuning Resolution 1 HzFrequency Reference Aging±1 ppm/yearAccuracy±1 ppm (25°C ±25°C) + long term driftFrequency Span10 Hz to 7.1 GHz plus 0 Hz (zero span)Span Accuracy Accuracy±1 ppm (25°C ±25°C) + long term driftSweep Time minimum 100ms, 50µs in zero spanSweep Time Accuracy±2% in zero spanSweep Trigger Free run, Single, Video, ExternalResolution Bandwidth(–3 dB width) 10 Hz to 3 MHz in 1-3 sequence ±10%, 8 MHz demodulation bandwidthVideo Bandwidth(–3 dB) 1 Hz to 3 MHz in 1-3 sequenceSSB Phase Noise–100 dBc/Hz max at 10, 20 and 30 kHz offset from carrier–102 dBc/Hz max at 100 kHz offset from carrierInput Damage Level≥10 dB attenuation, >+43 dBm, ±50 Vdc<10 dB attenuation , >+23 dBm, ±50 VdcInput protection relay opens at >30 dBm with ≥10 dB input attenuationand at approximately 10 to 23 dBm with <10 dB attenuationRF Input VSWR 2.0:1 maximum, 1.5:1 typical (≥10 dB attenuation)Reference Level Adjustable over amplitude rangeESD Damage Level>10 kV ≥10 dB attenuationAbsolute amplitude accuracyPower levels ≥–50 dBm, ≥35 dBinput attenuation, preamp off100 kHz to ≤10 MHz ±1.5 dB>10 MHz to 4 GHz ±1.25 dB>4 GHz to 7.1 GHz ±1.75 dBSecond Harmonic Distortion(0 dB input attenuation, –30 dBm input)–50 dBc, 0.05 to 0.75 GHz–40 dBc, >0.75 to 1.05 GHz–50 dBc, >1.05 to 1.4 GHz–70 dBc, >1.4 to 2 GHz–80 dBc, >2 GHz9Displayed Average Noise LevelDANL in 10 Hz RBW, 0 dB attentuationreference level –50 dBmFrequency Preamp OnTypical Max10 MHz to 1 GHz–153dBm–151dBm>1 GHz to 2.2 GHz–150dBm–149dBm>2.2 GHz to 2.8 GHz–146dBm–143dBm>2.8 GHz to 4.0 GHz–150dBm–149dBm>4.0 GHz to 7.1 GHz–148dBm–146dBm Noise Figure (Derived from DANL measurement)0 dB attenuation, reference level–50 dBm, 23°C, preamp onFrequency Typical10 MHz to 1.0 GHz11 dB>1 GHz to 2.2 GHz14 dB>2.2 GHz to 2.8 GHz18 dB>2.8 GHz to 4.0 GHz14 dB>4.0 GHz to 7.1 GHz16 dBDisplay Range 2 to 15 dB/div in 1 dB steps. Ten divisions displayed.Amplitude Units Log Scale modes: dBm, dBV, dBmv, dBµVLinear Scale modes: nV, µV, mV, V, kV, nW, µW, mW, W, kW Attenuator Range0 to 65 dBAttenuator Resolution 5 dB stepsInput-Related Spurious–60dBc max*, (<–70 dBc typical), –30 dBm input, 0 dB RF attenuation *Exceptions:Input Frequency Spur Level1674MHz–46 dBc max (–56 dBc typical), 0 to 2800 MHz>1674 to 1774 MHz–50 dBc max (–60 dBc typical) at (F input– 1674 MHz)Residual Spurious, Preamp Off(RF input terminated, 0dB RF attenuation)–90 dBm max**, 100 kHz to <3200 MHz–84 dBm max**, 3200 to 7100 MHz**Exceptions:Frequency Spur Level250, 300 and 350 MHz–85 dBm max~4010 MHz–80 dBm max (–90 dBm typical)~5084 MHz–70 dBm max (–83 dBm typical)~5894 MHz–75 dBm max (–87 dBm typical)~7028 MHz–80 dBm max (–92 dBm typical)Residual Spurious, Preamp On: –100 dBm max(RF input terminated, 0dB RF attenuation)10DisplayBright Color Transmissive LCD, Full SVGA, 8”LanguagesBuilt-in English, Spanish, French, German, Japanese, Chinese, Italian and Korean. Theinstrument also has the capability to have customized languages installed from Master SoftwareTools.Marker ModesSix Markers, Seven Modes: Standard, Delta, Marker to Peak, Marker to Center, Marker toReference Level, Next Peak Left, Next Peak Right, All Markers Off, Noise Marker, FrequencyCounter Marker (1 Hz resolution)SweepsFull span, Zero span, Span Up/Span DownDetectionPeak, RMS, Negative, SampleMemoryTrace and Setup storage is limited only by the capacity of the installed Compact Flash card.For a 256 MB card, storage is greater than 5000 traces and 5000 setups.T racesDisplayed Traces: Three traces with trace overlay. One trace is always the live data, two tracescan be either stored data or traces which have been mathematically manipulated(such as C=A–B).InterfacesType N female RF ConnectorBNC female connectors for external frequency reference and external triggerMini-B USB 2.0 for data transfer to a PCRJ45 connector for Ethernet 10/100-BaseT2.5mm 3-wire headset connectorSize and WeightSize: 12 x 7 x 2.4 in. (313 x 211 x 77mm)Weight: <6.4 lbs. (2.9kg) (typical)EnvironmentalMIL-PRF-28800F Class 2Operating: –10°C to 55°C, humidity 85% or lessStorage: –51°C to 71°CAltitude: 4600 meters, operating and non-operatingSafetyConforms to EN 61010-1 for Class 1 portable equipment.Electromagnetic CompatibilityMeets European Community requirements for CE marking.Specifications are subject to change without notice.11Ordering InformationModel: MS2721A - Handheld Spectrum Analyzer100 kHz to 7.1 GHzStandard Accessories10580-00103User’s Guide61382Soft Carrying Case40-168AC – DC Adapter806-62Automotive Cigarette Lighter/12 Volt DC Adapter 2300-498Master Software Tools CD ROM2000-1360USB A-mini B cable2000-1371Ethernet Cable633-44Rechargeable battery, Li-Ion2000-135864 MB Compact Flash Memory Module64343Tilt Bail1091-172Adapter, N(m) to B(f), 50Ω1091-27Adapter, N(m) to SMA(f), 50ΩOne Year WarrantyCertificate of Calibration and ConformanceOptional Accessories42N50A-3030 dB, 50 Watt, Bi-directional, DC to 18 GHz,N(m)to N(f) Attenuator34NN50A Precision Adapter, DC to 18 GHz, 50Ω,N(m) to N(m)34NFNF50Precision Adapter, DC to 18 GHz, 50Ω, N(f) to N(f) 15NNF50-1.5B Test port cable, armored, 1.5 meter N(m) to N(f)18 GHz15ND50-1.5C Test port cable armored, 1.5 meter, N(m) to7/16 DIN(m), 6.0 GHz15NDF50-1.5C Test port cable armored, 1.5 meter, N(m) to7/16 DIN(f), 6.0 GHz510-90Adapter, 7/16 DIN(f) to N(m), DC to 7.5 GHz, 50Ω510-91Adapter, 7/16 DIN(f)-N(f), DC to 7.5 GHz, 50Ω510-92Adapter, 7/16 DIN(m)-N(m), DC to 7.5 GHz, 50Ω510-93Adapter, 7/16 DIN(m)-N(f), DC to 7.5 GHz, 50Ω510-96Adapter 7/16 DIN(m) to 7/16 DIN(m),DC to 7.5 GHz, 50Ω1030-86Band Pass Filter, 800 MHz band, 806-869 MHz,Loss = 1.7 dB, N(m)-SMA(f)1030-87Band Pass Filter, 900 MHz band, 902-960 MHz,Loss = 1.7 dB, N(m)-SMA(f)1030-88Band Pass Filter, 1900 MHz band, 1.85-1.99 GHz,Loss = 1.8 dB, N(m)-SMA(f)1030-89Band Pass Filter, 2400 MHz band, 2.4-2.5 GHz,Loss = 1.9 dB, N(m)-SMA(f)510-97Adapter 7/16 DIN(f) to 7/16 DIN(f), 7.5 GHz61382Soft carrying case40-168AC/DC adapter806-62Automotive Cigarette Lighter/12 Volt DC Adapter 760-229Transit Case for Anritsu MS2721A HandheldSpectrum Analyzer2300-498Anritsu Master Software Tools CD ROM10580-00103Anritsu HHSA User’s Guide, Model MS2721A 10580-00104Anritsu HHSA Programming Manual,Model MS2721A10580-00105Anritsu HHSA Maintenance Manual,Model MS2721A633-44Rechargeable battery, Li-Ion2000-1374Dual External, Li-Ion charger with universalpower supply2000-1030Portable antenna, 50Ω, SMA(m) 1.71-1.88 GHz 2000-1031Portable antenna, 50Ω, SMA(m) 1.85-1.99 GHz 2000-1032Portable antenna, 50Ω, SMA(m) 2.4-2.5 GHz2000-1035Portable antenna, 50Ω, SMA(m) 896-941 MHz 2000-1200Portable antenna, 50Ω, SMA(m) 806-869 MHz 2000-1361Portable antenna, 50Ω, SMA(m) 5725-5825 MHz 2000-135864 MB Compact Flash Memory ModuleDirectional Antennas2000-1411Portable Yagi antenna, 10 dBd, N(f) 822-900 MHz 2000-1412Portable Yagi antenna, 10 dBd, N(f) 885-975 MHz 2000-1413Portable Yagi antenna, 10 dBd, N(f) 1.71-1.88 GHz 2000-1414Portable Yagi antenna, 9.3 dBd, N(f) 1.85-1.99 GHz 2000-1415Portable Yagi antenna, 10 dBd, N(f) 2.4-2.5 GHz 2000-1416Portable Yagi antenna, 10 dBd, N(f) 1.92-2.23 GHzDiscover What’s Possible®©Anritsu January 2005. All trademarks are registered trademarks of their respective companies.Data subject to change without notice. For more recent specifications visit 11410-00332, Rev. CSALES CENTERS:United States (800) ANRITSUCanada (800) ANRITSUSouth America 55 (21) 2527-6922Europe 44 (0) 1582-433433Japan 81 (46) 223-1111Asia-Pacific (852) 2301-4980Microwave Measurement Division490 Jarvis Drive, Morgan Hill, CA 95037-2809。
HiBoost SLW Mobile Signal Booster User Manual
User Manual HiBoost S LW Mobile Signal BoosterWHAT IS INCLUDEDHiBoostSLWPro 25-5S -BTW 令12V/3A AC/DC Power S u ppl y 仁Booste 「Mount Ha 「dware We provide all accessories needed for the signal booster. For more information please visit WV 叩.Warning: Unauthorized antennas, cables, and/or coup l ing devices are prohibited by new FCC rules. Please contact FCC for details: 1-888-CALL-FCC.HOW IT WORKSThe HiBoost SL W signal booster is designed to help mobile users improve signal in homes, offices, and other areas where cellular signal is weak or unreliable. The outdoor antenna receives the signal from the nearest cellular tower, amplifies it, and transmits to the signal booster. Then the indoor antenna will receive the signal and retransmit it to your mobile device. The signals produced by your phone are also amplified by the indoor antenna via the booster and outdoor antenna.This manual provides simple installation instructions.HOW TO INSTALL YOUR SIGNAL BOOSTER1 . 1 OverviewThis manual will help you properly install your signal booster. It is important to read through all of the installation steps before installing your equipment. Thoroughly read through the instructions, visualize where all the equipment will need to be installed and do a soft installation by placing the devices where they need to be before mounting any equipment.H"1oosT ，0 HiBoost S LW Signal Booster 0 Indoor Antenna0 12V/3A, AC/DC Power Supply 8 Outdoor Antenna OCable1.2 Installation PreparationBefore you install•Make sure you have sufficient cable length between the proposed outdoor/indoor antenna location and booster connector.•Make sure the position you install the booster is near to an existing electrical outlet, well ventilated, and away from excessive heat, moisture, and direct sunlight.Tools RequiredI、·DPhillips Screwd「iver Drill Mobile Phone Before you get started, you will need to plan the layout of your system. This involves finding the location with the strongest received signal from the cellular tower, as well as antenna, booster, and cable placement.General installation steps:1.Find the strongest received signal for the location of the outdoor antenna.2.Install the outdoor antenna on the roof to obtain the strongest downlinkH"1oosTgain and power, and there are not any alarms (no ISO, ALC, OFF legend flashing and no quick flashing green or red in LED), it means the present location is the best for ensuring that the booster has maximized performance.The maximum downlink power for HiBoost SL W is 15dBm, and the maximum downlink gain is 72dB.Note: These showed values may vary dynamically at times between 1-3 dB which is normal due to outdoor signal conditions.•Mobile Phone MethodYou can use a telephone to test signal strength on the top of the building. The number of bars on the network indicator will define approximate strength of the received signal. Normally the roof of the building is the best place to receive the strongest signal. As shown on the drawing below, you need to test the signal in the points from A to E, and select the location with the best signal strength for outdoor installation. It is recommended to use a mobile app that can display in a test mode the signal level in dBm units. It is more accurate than checking the signal bars. For more details refer to /signal-strengthmeasure-1nstruct1ons/.＠Note: Please try to receive a signal from cell towers that are not overloaded with multiple users. This can be estimated by the population density in the area served by the tower. For example, it is recommended to avoid cell towers near supermarkets, shopping malls, stadiums or any other public places visited by many people regularly. This will help maintain reliable phone call connections and higher speed data services.Mark the strongest received signal as the installation location and direction for the outdoor antenna.1.4 Install Outdoor AntennaInstall the outdoor antenna at the the location with the strongest received signal. IMPORTANT: Testing the signal 3 times in the desired location before installing the outdoor antenna will help ensure the most smooth and stable phone calls and data transmission.“沿OOSTSPECIFICATION700MHz Band 12/17 698-716MHz728-746MHz700MHz Band 13 776-787MHz746-757MHz Frequen勺Range800MHz Band 5 824-849MHz 869-894MHzPCS1900 Band 25/2 1850-1915MHz 1930-1995MHzAWS2100 Band 4 1710-1755MHz 2110-2155MHz700MHz Band 12/17 18MHz700MHz Band 13 11MHzBand width 800MHz Band 5 25MHzPCS1900 Band 25/2 65MHzAWS2100 Band 4 45MHzMax. Gain 72dBMax. output power 17-24dBm15dBmMGC (Step Attenuation) ;;a, 25dB / 1dB stepPower Suppl yInput & Output Impedance Input AC 100-240 V, 50-60 Hz, Output DC 12 V / 3 A SO ohm1/0 Port Dimensions Weight N-Female8.7*7.3*2.2 inch/ 220*185*55 mm < 8.8 lbs/ 4 kgPRODUCT WARRANTY30-Day Money-Back: All HiBoost products are protected by a 30-day moneyback guarantee. If for any reason the performance of any product is not acceptable, the product may be returned to the reseller with a dated proof of purchase.3-Year Warranty HiBoost Signal Boosters and kits are warranted for 3 years.Customers can choose to return the Signal Boosters and kits directly to the manufacturer at the purchaser's expense with a dated proof of purchase and a Returned Material Authorization (RMA) number supplied by HiBoost.HiBoost will supply two options: repair or replace. Hi B oost will cover the cost of delivery for the consumers located within the continental U.S. This warranty does not apply to any Signal Boosters or kits determined by HiBoost to have been subjected to misuse, abuse, neglect, or mishandling that alters or damages physical or electronic properties. Failure to use a surge protected AC Power Strip with at least a 1000 Joule rating will void your warranty. Damage caused by lightning is not covered by this warranty. All HiBoost products that are packaged with other HiBoost accessory products are intended for resale and used as a single integrated system. Such product kits are required to be sold to the end users or subsequent reseller as packaged. RMA numbers may be obtained by contacting Technical Support at 972-870-5666.e＠。
Helvar调光驱动器说明书
Functional Description• DALI Type 8 compatible. One DALI address for controlling colour temperature by two output channels• DALI colour type: Colour temperature T c• Adjustable constant current output: 100 mA to 1200 mA• Current setting programmable via NFC, DALI or with external (LED-Iset) resistors • Suitable for flicker-free camera recording applications• Patented Switch-Control 2 functionality for easy-to-use intensity and colour temperature control with single push button • Full load recognition with automatic recovery, open and short circuit protection• Multipurpose terminal LED-Iset/NTC for current setting or overtemperature protection • Constant Light Output (CLO), adjustable up to 100 000 h (default disabled)• Energy consumption monitor (real time), running hour monitor (accumulative), energy management (accumulative)• Memory bank for OEM customer dataMains CharacteristicsNominal rated voltage range 220 V – 240 V, 0 / 50 – 60 Hz AC voltage range 198 VAC – 264 VAC Withstands max. 320 VAC (max. 1 hour) DC voltage range 176 VDC – 280 VDC DC starting voltage > 190 VDC Mains current at full load 0.23 - 0.26 A Frequency 0 / 50 Hz – 60 Hz Stand-by power consumption < 0.5 W THD at full power < 10 %Leakage current to earth < 0.7 mA Tested surge protection 1 kV L-N, 2 kV L-GND (IEC 61000-4-5)Tested fast transient protection 2 kV (IEC 61000-4-4)Insulation between circuits & driver caseMains circuit - SELV circuitDouble/reinforced insulation DALI circuit - SELV circuit Double/reinforced insulation Mains circuit - DALI circuit Basic insulation Output - Driver case Basic insulationMains and DALI circuit - Driver case Double/reinforced insulation Mains input - Ground inputDouble/reinforced insulationLoad Output (SELV <60 V)Output current (I out ) 100 mA – 1200 mAAccuracy ± 5 %1)Ripple < 1 %2) at ≤ 120 Hz1) At 350 - 1200 mA range. 2) Low frequency, LED load: Cree XP-G LED s.PstLM < 0.23)SVM < 0.01 3)3) At full power, measured with Cree XP-G LED modules.50 W Dimmable two channel intelligent Colour LED driver• 2-channel tunable white for human centric lighting• Wide dynamic range of colour temperatures on all dimming levels *• 0.1 % - 100 % dimming range per single channel (total range 2 % - 100 %)*• SELV output protection for safety and flexibility in luminaires• Amplitude dimming for the highest quality light output, complying with IEEE 1789 recommendation• NFC technology for wireless programming• Suitable for DC use• Ideal solution for Class I and Class II • Helvar Driver Configurator support*) See pages 2-3 for details50 W 220 – 240 V 0/ 50 –60 HzProduct code: 5775OUT(MAX) .Amplitude dimming technologyLL50iC-DA-100-1200 LED driver implements amplitude dimming technology across whole dimming range. Amplitude dimming offers the best available technology for dimming the light output in an accurate and flicker-free way to ensure high quality lighting in even the most demanding situations such as camera recording applications. Amplitude dimming technology complies with IEEE 1789-2015 recommendations of current modulation to mitigate health risks to viewers.100 %L E D c u r r e n tBrightnessD y n a m i c r a n g eDynamic range in colour temperature controlLL50iC-DA-100-1200 LED driver is ready to be used out of the box.Highest precision and color consistency in controlling combinations of different luminaire types is achieved by setting colour temperatures and lumen outputs before use with Helvar driver configurator. The configured colour temperatures of the channels should match the ones of the LED modules used. The factory default settings of cool and warm channels are 6500 K and 2700 K accordingly.After setting up the colour temperatures, the lumen output values of full dimming level (100 %) should be configured for both channels. By default, output currents are set to be equal in both channels.Total available dimming rangeset output currentD y n a m i c r a n g eSwitch-Control with tunable whiteRetractive SwitchHelvar iC drivers provide the simplest form of control in tunable white with Helvar patented single switch Switch-Control functionality. With single push button the user is able to control both the light intensity and colour temperature to the desired level. The system synchronises the light levels and CCTs every time the colour temperature is adjusted to ensure pleasant user experience and uncompromised lighting comfort. More information about the functionality can be found in Switch-Control user guide at .Wireless configurationLL50iC-DA-100-1200 LED driver is equipped with NFC wireless technology for effortless configuration of the driver via Helvar Driver Configurator Support. Helvar Driver Configurator enables easy-to-use automatic configuration of the driver parameters via NFC, without mains or DALI connection to the driver. The most popular MD-SIG qualified NFC readers (FEIG CPR30-USB & ISC.MR102-USB ) are supported giving flexibility for the operator. For further information about the usage with Helvar Driver Configura-tor, please see the user guide at Quantity of drivers per miniature circuit breaker 16 A Type CTotal continous current of the drivers and installation environment must always be considered and taken into calculations when installing drivers behind miniature circuit breaker. Example calculation of total drivers amount limited by continous current: n(I cont ) = (16 A (I nom,Ta ) / “nominal mains current with full load”) x 0.76). This calculation is an example according to recommended precautions due to multiple adjacent circuit breakers (> 9 MCBs) and installa-tion environment (T a 30 degrees); variables may vary according to the use case. Both inrush current and continous current calculations are based on ABB S200 series circuit breakers. More specific information in ABB series S200 circuit breaker documentation.NOTE! Type C MCB’s are strongly recommended to use with LED lighting. Please see more details in “MCB information” document in each driver product page in “downloads & links” section.CONTINOUS CURRENT I ½ IConnections and Mechanical DataWire size 0.5 mm 2 – 1.5 mm 2Wire type Solid core and fine-stranded Wire insulation According to EN 60598Maximum driver to LED wire length 1.5 m Weight 263 g IP rating IP20Helvar LED-Iset resistors and currents (Nominal I out(±5 % tol.*))The current can be adjusted also with normal resistors by selecting suitable resistor value (formula R [Ω] = (5 [V] / I_out [A]) * 1000). Reference resistor values can be found below order code in the table above.The LED-Iset resistor/current setting values are adjusted according to the LEDset specification. The resistor value for each required output current can thus be calculated from the formula R [Ω] = (5 [V] / I_out [A]) * 1000. Below are the available LED-Iset resistors from Helvar, pre-adjusted for the most common output currents.LL50iC-DA-100-1200 LED driver is suited for built-in usage in luminaires. In order to have safe and reliable LED driver operation, the LED luminaires will need to comply with the relevant standards and regulations (e.g. IEC/EN 60598-1). The LED luminaire shall be designed to adequately protect the LED driver from dust, moisture and pollution. The luminaire manufacturer is responsible for the correct choice and installation of the LED drivers according to the application and product datasheets. Operating conditions of the LED drivers may never exceed the specifications as per the product datasheet.Installation & operationMaximum ambient and t c temperature :• For built-in components inside luminaires, the t a ambienttemperature range is a guideline given for the optimum operating environment. However, integrator must always ensure proper thermal management (i.e. mounting base of the driver, air flow etc.) so that the t c point temperature does not exceed the t c maximum limit in any circumstance.• Reliable operation and lifetime is only guaranteed if the maximum t c point temperature is not exceeded under the conditions of use.Current setting resistorLL50iC-DA-100-1200 LED driver features a constant current output adjustable via current setting resistor.• An external resistor can be inserted in to the current settingterminal, allowing the user to adjust the LED driver output current.• When no external resistor is connected, then the LED drivers willoperate at their default lowest current level.• A standard through-hole resistor can be used for the current setting. To achieve the most accurate output current it is recommended to select a quality low tolerance resistor. Minimum diameter for resistor leg is 0.51mm.• Always connect the current setting resistor only into theterminals marked with LED-Iset on the LED driver label.• For the resistor/current values, refer to the table on page 4.LED driver earthing• LL50iC-DA-100-1200 is LED driver suitable for Class I and IIluminaires. When used inside Class I and Class II luminaires, the earth cable is recommended to be connected to improve the EMC performance of the driver, but it is not mandatory. It is the responsibility of the integrator to ensure that the assembled luminaire EMC performance complies with the latest standards. Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB)• Type-C MCB’s with trip characteristics in according to EN 60898are recommended.• Please see more details in “MCB information” document in eachdriver product page in “downloads & links” section.Helvar Driver Configurator -supportLL50iC-D A-100-1200 LED driver is supported by Helvar D river configurator software. The LL50iC-D A-100-1200 driver supports output current setting with software, the output current of the driver can be programmed using Helvar D river Configurator, as well as OEM customer data and parameters for functions such as CLO and Tunable White behavior. Programming the driver with Helvar Driver Configurator can be done either wirelessly via NFCor then via DALI bus. Also the operation of the multifunction LED-Iset terminal usage can be changed from current setting resistor(default) to NTC overtemperature protection mp failure functionalityNo loadWhen open load is detected, driver will go to standby power consumption and remains in automatic recovery mode. In automatic recovery mode, the driver waits till load is returned and once that happens, it returns to normal operation.Short circuitWhen short circuit is detected, driver goes to automatic recoverymode and follows the same logic as described in the no load condition.OverloadWhen overload is detected, driver goes to standby mode and returnsthrough mains reset.UnderloadWhen undervoltage is detected, driver goes to standby mode and returns through mains reset.NTC triggerWhen NTC is enabled via Helvar Driver Configurator, driver follows NTC feature behaviour. D efault NTC trigger point is 8,2 kΩ, after which the driver starts to decrease the output level.Switch-Control 2Use of Switch-Control functionality• Maximum numbers of LED drivers to be connected to one switchis 60. Wire length is not restricted by the driver technology.• Ensure that all components connected to Switch-Controlcircuitry are mains rated.• More information in Switch-Control User Guide at www.helvar.com.Conformity & standardsGeneral and safety requirements EN 61347-1 Particular safety requirements for DCor AC supplied electronic control gearfor LED modulesEN 61347-2-13Additional safety requirements for AC or DC supplied electronic controlgear for emergency lighting EN 61347-2-13, Annex JThermal protection class EN 61347, C5e Mains current harmonics EN 61000-3-2 Limits for voltage fluctuations andflickerEN 61000-3-3 Radio frequency interference EN 55015 Immunity standard EN 61547 Performance requirements EN 62384 Digital addressing lighting interface:General requirements for DALI system Requirements for DALI control gear Requirements for control gear of LED modulesParticular requirements for control gear - Colour control (Dali Device Type 8)EN 62386-101 EN 62386-102 EN 62386-207EN 62386-209Recommended Practices forModulating Current in High-BrightnessLEDs for Mitigating Health Risks toViewersIEEE 1789-2015Compliant with relevant EU directivesRoHS/REACH compliantCE/UKCA and ENEC markedLabel symbolsSafety isolating control gear with short circuit protection(SELV control gear).Double insulated control gear suitable for built-in use.Thermally controlled control gear, incorporating means of protection against overheating to prevent the case temperature under any conditions of use from exceeding 120°C.D riverequipped with NFC wireless technology for effortless configuration.Helvar Intelligent Colour drivers providing DALI colour control (tunable white) functionality.。
RUCKUS ZF7025 ZF7055 ZF7321 ZF7352 Product Guide
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Up to 15dB
Up to 15dB
Up to 15dB
Up to 15dB
Up to 15dB
Up to 15dB
Up to 15dB
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Dual
Vertical
Dual
Dual
Dual
Vertical
Dual
Dual
-94/-95 dBm
✓ ✓
2
-94/-95 dBm
✓ ✓
2
-94/-95 dBm
SMARTCELL GATEWAY 200 (SCG-200)
Up to 10,000
Up to 100,000
50.8 cm (L), 45.53 cm (W), 8.76 cm (H) 40 Lbs. (18.14 kilograms) 2RU rack mountable Control: Six 10/100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 ports Data: two 10 GigE data ports Serial ports, RJ-45 (one front, one back) See Data Sheet Clientless 802.1X solution; Ruckus TTG-PDG gateway based tunneling offload; Wi-Fi edge network data offload (local breakout) 6,144 Incorporates on-board EAP-server enabling SIGTRAN based authentication with external HLR/HSS; RADIUS AAA proxy
✓
— 1
Solid State Broadband High Power Amplifier 1191 -
Solid State Broadband High Power Amplifier2500 – 6000 MHz / 100 WattsThe BBM5K8CKT (SKU 1191) is a 2500 to 6000 MHz amplifier which is guaranteed to deliver 100W minimum output power and related RF performance under all specified temperature and environmental conditions. Typical power output is 125W and other typical performance parameters are also listed as a guide for consideration, but not guaranteed. This amplifier is suitable for broadband mobile jamming and band specific high power linear applications in the S and C frequency bands. This compact module utilizes the latest high power RF GaN transistors and also features built in control and monitoring, with protection functions to ensure high availability.▪ Solid-state Class AB linear design ▪ Instantaneous ultra broadband▪ Suitable for CW, AM, and FM (Consult factory for other modulation types) ▪ Small and lightweight▪ 50 ohm input/output impedance ▪ High reliability and ruggedness▪ Built-in control, monitoring and protection circuits ▪ RS485 serial interface for monitoring and control******************************DC , Over Temperature and Environmental Conditions, as specified. Min Typ Max Operating frequency BW MHz 2500 6000 Peak output power P SAT W CW input signal 100 125Gain, small signal G SS dB Measured with VNA in swept frequency mode at -20dBmCW. Input power calibrated / measured at the amplifier input port. Variable attenuator set to nominal attenuation.55 6065 Gain flatness small signal ΔG SS dB Test conditions the same as G SS ±5 Gain adjustment range G ADJ dB Test conditions the same as G SS 15 Gain adjustment step size G STEP dB Test conditions the same as G SS 0.5 Maximum input powerwithout damageP IN, Max dBm CW input signal for unlimited duration.20 Input return loss IRL dB Measured with VNA in swept frequency mode at -20dBm and 0dBm CW. Input power calibrated / measured at theamplifier input port. Variable attenuator set to nominal attenuation.-10 Noise figure NF dB Variable attenuator set to nominal attenuation.20 2nd harmonics 2nddBc Variable attenuator set to nominal attenuation. CW signal source at an output power of 100W.-10 3rd harmonics 3rddBc Variable attenuator set to nominal attenuation. CW signal source at an output power of 100W.-20Spurious Spur dBc Variable attenuator set to nominal attenuation. CW signal source of 0dBm at the input to the amplifier. Input power is calibrated / measured at the amplifier input port.Spurious defined as any non-harmonic amplifier output.Spurious measured in a 1kHz resolution bandwidth,10kHz video bandwidth. Specifications apply at offsets of greater than or equal to +/- 10kHz from the RF carrier. Maximum measurement frequency is 6.5GHz.-60Operating voltage V DC V Note: Output power capabilities and gain will vary withvoltage.26 2832 Current consumption I DC A Variable attenuator set to nominal attenuation.Measurement at an output power of 100W with a CW source.22Stock No. 1191D.S. Rev. 1.32 / 12-18-201319812500 – 6000 MHz / 100 WattsPA enable / Disable time T ON/OFF uSec Variable attenuator set to nominal attenuation.Measurement with 0dBm CW signal presented to theinput of the amplifier. Rise and fall times of amplifieroutput envelope recorded. Rise and fall times at 10% /90% of the output power in linear scale. PA Enable /Disable signal set to 10kHz repetition rate and 50% dutycycle.1PA PROTECTION / RUGGEDNESSThe PA includes protection circuits for:•Over temperature•Over voltage•Reverse polarity•Over currentIn addition to protection circuits, the PA will withstand full reflection at the RF output port at any angle for up to 1 minute at P3dB. ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONSOperating Case Temperature T C-40 +85 °C Storage Temperature T STG-40 +85 °C Relative Humidity (non-condensing) RH 95 % Altitude (MIL-STD-810F Method 500.4) ALT 30,000 Feet Vibration/ShockMIL-STD-810F Method 514.5/516.5 – Proc 1VI/SH AirborneMECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONSDimensions 8.0 x 6.5 x 1.0 Inch Max Weight 3.5 lb. MaxRF ConnectorsInput: Type-SMA, Female Output: Type-TNC, FemaleDC Interface Connector Hybrid – D-Sub 17-Pin, Male (17W2) Cooling External Heatsink Required (not supplied)2500 – 6000 MHz / 100 Watts DC INTERFACE CONNECTORA1 GND Ground ReturnA2 VDD Supply Voltage: +26.0 – 32.0V DC, 28.0V DC Nominal1 RS485 (-) Serial Communication Bus2 Temperature Reporting Analog Output Voltage @ 10 mV/°C with a 500 mV offset (i.e. 0.75V = 25°C)3 Address 1 Hardware Address 14 Address 3 Hardware Address 35 Attenuator Setting Voltage input in the range of 0.5 – 3.0V DC, 0.5V DC corresponds with minimum attenuation, 3.0V DC is maximum attenuation. Leave pin open or grounded to utilize RS-485 interface. (See RS-485 details below)6 PA Enable 0/3.3V logic levels:Power Amplifier disable is a TTL Logic Low (0V).(Internally Pulled-High 3.3V)Leave pin open or pulled high to utilize RS-485 interface.(See RS-485 details below)7 Alarm Amplifier Alarm indicator: Normally TTL LowA logic High indicates a fault condition, 0/3.3V Logic Levels8 RS485 (+) Serial Communication Bus9 Current Reporting Analog output voltage range of 1V/10 A (i.e. 1.5V = 15A)10 Address 0 Hardware Address 0 – Least significant bit11 Address 2 Hardware Address 212 Address 4 Hardware Address 4 – Most significant bit13 Not Used No Connection14 Not Used No Connection15 Reset Hardware resetLogic 0 to reset PA and clear latched faultsPh. 1 (310) 412-8100 Fax. 1 (310) 412-9232 Stock No. 1191D.S. Rev. 1.32 / 12-18-20132500 – 6000 MHz / 100 WattsRS-485 User InterfaceThe following settings are used for serial communications:• Baud rate: 115,200 • Start bits: 1 • Data bits: 8 • Stop bits: 1 • Parity: None• Handshake: NoneFrame and Message StructuresFrame structureThe serial link will be asynchronous, and follows a typical RS485 frame structure. The frame structure is defined in the figure below.Each frame is 10 bits in length and will begin with a start bit, followed by 8 data bits and finally a single stop bit.Message structureFigure 1: Serial interface frame structureFigure 2: Serial interface message structure316 W. Florence Ave. Inglewood, CA 90301 Ph. 1 (310) 412-8100 Fax. 1 (310) 412-9232Stock No. 1191D.S. Rev. 1.32 / 12-18-20132500 – 6000 MHz / 100 Watts Master AddressA7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0X X X X X X X XMaster Address is not evaluatedSlave AddressA7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A00 0 0 16 8 4 2 132 Slave addresses are possible (If no address lines are strapped on hardware, unit defaults to address 0)LenLen contains the number of bytes that follow, from Status to Checksum.StatusMaster should load this with zero.Slave will echo back status of the command after it is evaluated.Possible Slave responses:Value Description0x00h Message received and decoded successfully0x13h Checksum error0x2Bh Command not availableThere are 7 supported RS-485 commands, detailed below.2500 – 6000 MHz / 100 WattsNullThe null command responds with message status. It is used for a basic test of the communications link.Command frame value (hex) 0x00Length frame value (hex) 0x03Command data noneSlave response Echo with status setExample:[8/30 17:58:15.3]SEND: 00 00 03 00 00 03 ......[8/30 17:58:15.4]RECV: 00 00 03 00 00 03 .......Soft resetPerforms a restart of the system.Command frame value (hex) 0x04Length frame value (hex) 0x03Command data NoneSlave response Echo with status setExample:[8/30 18:09:39.0]SEND: 00 00 03 00 04 07 ......[8/30 18:09:39.1]RECV: 00 00 03 00 00 03 .......Set power up conditionSets the state of the amplifier bias on application of DC or reset.Command frame value (hex) 0x05Length frame value (hex) 0x03Command data 2 bytes:0x0001 sets power up condition to biasenabled.0x0000 sets power up condition to biasdisabled.Slave response Echo with status set2500 – 6000 MHz / 100 Watts Example:[8/30 18:13:08.5]SEND: 00 00 05 00 05 00 01 01 ........[8/30 18:13:12.3]RECV: 00 00 03 00 05 06 .......DisableDisables amplifier bias.Command frame value (hex) 0x06Length frame value (hex) 0x03Command data NoneSlave response Echo with status setExample:[8/30 18:14:36.7]SEND: 00 00 03 00 06 05 ......[8/30 18:14:36.8]RECV: 00 00 03 00 06 05 .......EnableEnables amplifier bias.Command frame value (hex) 0x07Length frame value (hex) 0x03Command data NoneSlave response Echo with status setExample:[8/30 18:15:35.4]SEND: 00 00 03 00 07 04 ......[8/30 18:15:35.5]RECV: 00 00 03 00 07 04 .......Set input attenuationSets the attenuation level.Notes:•The RS-485 attenuation value overrides voltage control on pin 5.•The value of the attenuation can only be increased from the factory value.•The gain of the amplifier is also a function of temperature compensation.•Variations in gain versus temperature are expected, independent of the user attenuation setting.2500 – 6000 MHz / 100 Watts Command frame value (hex) 0x11Length frame value (hex) 0x05Command data 2 bytes. The first byte is 0 and the secondbyte is the mixed number attenuationvalue.D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D00 0 16 8 4 2 1 . 1/2Examples:30dB is 0x00 0x3C8.5dB is 0x00 0x11Slave response Echo with status setExample for setting 8.5dB user attenuation:[9/4 15:45:49.9]SEND: 00 00 05 00 11 08 05 19 ........[9/4 15:45:49.9]RECV: 00 00 03 00 11 12 .......Get statusReturns current status of amplifierCommand frame value (hex) 0x02Length frame value (hex) 0x03Command data NoneSlave response Input Current (2 bytes)Input Voltage (2 bytes)Temperature (2 bytes)Attenuator Setting (2 bytes)Alarm Register (2 bytes)Example:[8/30 17:59:39.5]SEND: 00 00 03 00 02 01 ......[8/30 17:59:39.5]RECV: 00 00 0D 00 02 00 0A 0A ........0008: C4 00 19 00 11 00 00 C3 ...2500 – 6000 MHz / 100 WattsALARM REGISTER15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0Temperature Alarm > 85 C Current Alarm > 25 A Voltage Alarm > 34 V Sequencer AlarmLatched Alarm Current > 29 A Latched Alarm Voltage or Temperature >36 V and/or>90 C00Notes on Alarms• Any alarm condition will pull the Alarm line high (Pin 7)• For Latched Current Alarm, the input power is attenuated by approximately 15 dB. • For Latched Voltage or Temperature, the unit will disable.• A Software or Hardware reset is required to clear Latched Alarm.Voltage 16 bit signed, 1/100th of a Volt +327.67 / -327.66 V Current16 bit unsigned in 1/100th of an Amp0 ~ 65535 in hundredths of an AmpTemperature 16 bit signed inwhole degrees+32767 / -32766 degrees CentigradeStock No. 1191D.S. Rev. 1.32 / 12-18-2013。
Model 7265 DSP Lock-in Amplifier 信号恢复仪说明书
Dual Reference In this mode the instrument can make simultaneous measurements on two signals at different reference frequencies, which is ideal, for example, for use in source compensated optical experiments
Graphical Display
The model 7265 is extremely easy to use. All instrument controls are adjusted using soft-touch, front panel push-buttons, with the present settings and measured outputs being displayed on the centrally located, cold fluorescent backlit dot-matrix LCD. A particularly convenient feature is the pop-up keypad which is
External control of the unit is via either the RS232 or GPIB interfaces, using simple mnemonic-type ASCII commands. A second RS232 port allows up to sixteen 7265 or compatible instruments to be operated from a single RS232 computer port by connecting them in a “daisy-chain” configuration.
国家电子NI 9227 四通道、五臂、24位、同时、渠道间隔离模拟输入模块操作指南和规格说明书
Caution Ensure that hazardous voltage wiring is performed only by qualified personnel adhering to local electrical standards. Caution Do not mix hazardous voltage circuits and human-accessible circuits on the same module. Caution Make sure that devices and circuits connected to the module are properly insulated from human contact.
Services /services
2 | | NI 9227 Operating Instructions and Specifications
Safety Guidelines
Operate the NI 9227 only as described in these operating instructions.
Figure 5. Input Circuitry for One Channel of the NI 9227
AI+C
Amplifier Prefilter
NI 9227
NI 9227 Operating Instructions and Specifications | © National Instruments | 9
Related Information
MIC2250 评估板说明书
MIC2250 Evaluation BoardHigh Efficiency, Low EMI BoostRegulatorMicrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • General DescriptionThe MIC2250, a high efficiency, low EMI boost regulator is optimized for noise sensitive hand held battery powered applications. The proprietary control method allows low ripple across the output voltage and current ranges. Additionally, the MIC2250’s DITH function introduces a pseudo-random dithering of the switching frequency to reduce EMI levels by up to 10dB. The MIC2250 operates from an input voltage range of 2.5 to 5.5V. This board enables the evaluation of the MIC2250, a fully integrated, general purpose boost regulator with high efficiency over a wide load range. The board includes jumpers to allow manual setting of enable and dither functions. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at . RequirementsThe MIC2250 evaluation board requires an input power source that is able to deliver at least 3A over the desired input voltage range. For the load, a 10W, variable resistor is recommended or an electronic load (E-Load) capable of constant resistance setting can be used. Note that noise/EMI measurements must employ a resistive load as electronic loads can introduce noise at light loads.PrecautionsThe evaluation board does not have reverse polarityprotection. Applying a negative voltage to the VIN terminalmay damage the device.If the source cables are greater than 10cm long, anadditional input bulk capacitance is recommended to offsetany inductive components introduced by the cables. Inmost instances, a 100uF Tantalum capacitor is sufficient.The MIC2250 has a maximum input voltage rating of 6V therefore the supply voltage should never exceed this value.Getting Started1. Connect the input supply to the input terminals. Take note of the polarity to prevent damage. An ammeter can be used in-line with the VIN terminal to measure input current. The Input voltage should be measured at the input terminal to account for losses in the test leads and ammeter.2. Connect a load. Ensuring the Enable jumper (Ena) is in the open position; connect the load to the output terminals: Vo connects to the positive E-Load input or center/wiper connection of a variable resistor, GND connects to the negative E-Load input or the fixed end of a variable resistor. A low impedance ammeter can be connected in-line with the Vo terminal for current measurements. The output voltage should be measured at the evaluation boardterminals Vo and GND to measure converter efficiency.3. Select DITH operation. The evaluation board is providedwith a 100k (R4) pull-down resister connected to the DITH pin. The pull-down resistor will disable the dither function, to enable dithering, simply connect a jumper across the DITH pin header. The DITH pin should not be left floating, removing the DITH jumper and pull-down resistor will cause the MIC2250 to operate in an unknown state. 4. Power and Enable the MIC2250. Turn on the input supply and E-load (if applicable). Note that Vin minus one diode drop will be seen at the output terminals, this isexpected as the Schottky diode D1 always connects Vin toVout.The evaluation board is provided with a 100k (R3) pull-down resister connected to the enable pin. The pull-downresistor provides a default disable state to the MIC2250until a jumper is connected across the ENA pin header.The EN pin can not be left floating, removing the pull-downresistor, R3, and jumper will cause the MIC2250 to operate in an indeterminate state.Ordering InformationPart NumberDescriptionMIC2250YML EVHigh Efficiency, Low EMI Boost Regulator Evaluation BoardEvaluation Board DescriptionBy default, the board includes feedback resistors set to give a nominal voltage of 15V at up to 300mA. The output voltage can be set between the limits of VIN and 32V. A list of common voltages and suitable components are shown below.V OUT R1 R2 5V 90.9k 30.1k 9V 102k 16.2k 12V 243k 28k15V 910k 82k 18V 1.07M 78.7k 24V 1.37M 75k 30 1.47M 63.4kThe equation for calculating R2 given a particular value of R1 and desired output voltage is:124.1112−×=VVOUTR RThe suggested values for R1 are shown below. In situations where the input voltage is less than 5V, afeedforward capacitor may be added to improve transient performance.Diode selectionFor most applications with output voltages under 12V, a Schottky diode is recommended. However, at higher output voltages, a standard diode may deliver greater efficiency. This is due to the higher reverse leakage current of a Schottky diode becoming significant at higher voltages and especially at high operating temperatures.V OUT Suggested max.R1C FF 5V < VOUT < 10V ~100k Ω 4.7nF 10V < VOUT < 15V ~240k Ω 2.2nF 15V < VOUT < 32V~1.5M Ω470pFEvaluation Board PerformanceEvaluation Board SchematicL1EnaDithBill of MaterialsItem Part number Manufacturer Description Quantity GRM21BR60J106M Murata(1)C2012X5R0J106K TDK(2)Capacitor, 10uF, 6.3V, X5R, size 0805 1 C108056D106KAT AVX(3)VJ0805G106KXYAT Vishay(4)C2 Optional GRM21BR61E225KA12L Murata(1)Capacitor, 2.2uF, 25V, X5R, size 0805 1 C308053C225MAT AVX(3)C2012X5R1E225K TDK(2)D1 SL04 Vishay(4)Schottky diode, 40V, 1A, size SMF 1 VLF5014AT-100MR92 TDK(2)Inductor, 10uH, 1.1A, 4.5x4.5x1.4mm1 L1LPS4018-103MLB Coilcraft(5)Inductor, 10uH, 1.3A, 3.9x3.9x1.7mmCDRH4D28C-100NC Sumida(6)Inductor, 10uH, 1.25A, 5.1x5.1x3mm R1 CRCW0603910KFKEYE3 Vishay Dale(4)Resistor, 910K, 1%, 1/16W, size 0603 1 R2 CRCW060382K0FKEYE3 Vishay Dale(4)Resistor, 82K, 1%, 1/16W, size 0603 1 R3,R4 CRCW06031003FKEYE3 Vishay Dale(4)Resistor, 100K, 1%, 1/16W, size 0603 2 U1 MIC2250YML Micrel, Inc(7)High Efficiency, Low EMI boost regulator 1 Notes:1. Murata: 2. TDK: 3. AVX: 4. Vishay: 5. Coilcraft: 6. Sumida: 7. Micrel, Inc.: PCB LayoutTop SilkscreenTop LayerBottom SilkscreenBottom Layer。
An unconditionally stable two-stage CMOS Amplifier
For small values of load capacitance, CL.these equations simplify to the familiar v; CL)’
As CL is increased, the nondominant pole decreases in frequency while the dominant pole remains fixed, thereby lowering the phase margin of the amplifier. If CL is increased further, so that it is much larger than gm2R1Cc, the pole locations become
(7)
Notice that as CL increases, the nondominant pole becomes fixed and the dominant pole starts to decrease in frequency. As the distance between the poles increases, the phase margin of the amplifier improves and the amplifier becomes more stable. Therefore, for increasing capacitive load the amplifier phase margin initially decreases, reaches some minimum value, and U. OPTIMIZING STABILrrY then increases again. This is evident in Fig. 2, which shows Cascoded compensation is a common technique for compen- a simulation of the phase margin versus CL for the complete sating two-stage CMOS amplifiers [14]. Compared to simple amplifier circuit described by this paper. RC compensation, cascoded compensation improves the caTo predict the stability of the amplifier it is important pacitive load capability and power supply rejection. Fig. 1 to understand which circuit parameters determine the miniManuscript received June 21, 1994; revised January 9, 1995. R. J. Reay is mum phase margin. Consider a stability quality factor S = supported by a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship. This work p2/GBW, where GBW is the amplifier gain-bandwidth prodwas supported by a Stanford Center for Integrated System grant. uct. A large value of S corresponds to a large phase margin, The authors are with the Center for Integrated Systems, Stanford University, and a small value of S corresponds to a small phase marStanford, CA 94305 USA. IEEE Log Number 9410180. gin. The minimum amplifier phase margin will occur at the
Tube-Tech CL 1B压力器说明书
TUBE-TECH CL1BCompressorDESCRIPTION.The TUBE-TECH compressor CL1B differs from many other compressors,in that the gain-reduction element is made from a non-semiconductor element,which in itself has a very low harmonic distortion and none of the non-linearity problems involved when using most semiconductor elements.Furthermore there is no long-term degradation of the element thus giving it almost infinite life.This element is placed after the input-transformer of the compressor and followed by an all tube-based amplifier with a gain of-∞dB to+30dB.Thus the signal is not fed through any semiconductor circuitry on its way to the output.The amplifier consists of two tubes(valves)in push-pull configuration(one ECC83as thepre-amp and phase splitter,and one ECC82as the output stage),and an output transformer. The power supply for the pre-amp and phase splitter are stabilized and the heaters of both tubes(valves)are fed with a stabilized DC voltage.The whole amplifier(including input and output transformer)and the power supplies are placed on one PC-board.Both input and output are balanced(600Ω)and fully floating.The in/out key switches the compressor in and out without clicks.THE SIDECHAIN:The side chain is the only part of the compressor that contains semiconductors.They are used for three reasons:First they do not affect the sound reproduction,second they have a high slew rate,which is of importance for the performance of the compressor and third they don't take up much room.It contains two J-FET quad op-amps,one npn-transistor and one FET-transistor,which handles the signal for the gain-reduction element.The compressor contains two time constants circuits:1.Fixed attack and release times2.Variable attack and release timesThe attack/release select switch makes it possible to use these two circuits separately or combine their functions.This gives a feature not normally obtained in other compressors:In the combined(fix./man.)state the attack-and release controls makes it possible toobtain a complex release-time slope.(See page4)(980112)COMPRESSOR INTERCONNECTION:The side chain sockets for interconnection of several compressors are located on the rear panel.A switch(BUS SELECT)on the front selects which compressors are interconnected,and on which bus they are connected.If you e.g.have10compressors in a rack,you can select compressor1,5,7and8on bus1,and compressor2,3,6and9on bus2,leaving compressor4 and6in the off position.Compressors1,5,7,8are now interconnected and all four will perform the exact same compression.This applies to compressor2,3,6and9as pressor4and6are independent.The interconnection implies,that the unit,which performs the most compression,is controlling the others.To choose which one you want to control,select the attack/release time,the threshold and the ratio on that unit,and turn the threshold fully counter clockwise on the reminding compressors. It is of course possible to have all the interconnected compressors control each other simultaneously.NB:Remember to set the ratio control and the gain control in the same position on the "slaves".Otherwise the stereo image could be shifted during compression.Theattack/release-control on the slaves will have no effect.The input/output capability of the side chain-circuit allows up to ten compressors to be linked together.They are connected in parallel with a standard1/4"stereo jack/-jack cord(tip:bus1,ring:bus 2).The two jack socket on the rear panel is connected in parallel and both are input/output.(980112)CONTROLS:GAIN:The gain control is used to"make up"for the gain loss,which takes place when the unit is compressing.It is placed after the gain-reduction circuitand therefore has no influence on the threshold setting.The gain-control iscontinuously variable from off to+30dB.RATIO:The ratio control varies the ratio by which the input signal is compressed.If the ratio selected is to2:1,and the input signal increases10dB,theoutput signal is only increased by5db.The ratio control is continuouslyvariable from2:1to10:1.THRESHOLD:The threshold is the point where the compressor begins its action.It isdefined as the point where the gain is reduced by1dB.The threshold is continuously variable from+20dBU to-40dBU. METER:The VU-meter switch has three positions:1.Input The meter is reading the level at the input socket.pressionThe VU-meter is reading gain reduction.Its rest position is"0VU",and the amount ofcompression is shown as a decreasing deflection indB.3.Output The VU-meter is reading the level at the output socket."0VU"is equivalent to+4dBU.NB:Leave the meter switch in position compression as it mightintroduce distortion if left in the input or output position.IN/OUT:This leverswitch switches the compressor in and out of the signal path.The out position bypasses the entire compressor.ATTACK:The attack control chooses how fast/slow the compressor responds to an increase in the input signal.The attack control is continuously variable from0.5to300milliseconds. RELEASE:The release control chooses how fast/slow the compressor responds to a decrease in the input signal.The release control is continuously variable from0,05to10seconds.(980112)ATTACK/RELEASE SELECT:This switch selects how the compressor reacts to an increase(attack)ordecrease(release)of the input signal.There are three settings of the switch:1.Fixed.Attack time:1msecRelease time:50msec2.Manual.Attack time:from0.5msec to300msecRelease time:from0.05sec to10sec3.Fix/man.This setting combines the release times of fixed and manualmode.The attack time is as in the fixed mode.The fix/man mode always has a fast attack,but it is possible to obtain a release time depending on the input signal,e.g.get a fast release when the peak disappears,then superseded shortly thereafter by the release time selected by the release control.From the time the peak disappears,until the selected release time takes over,is dependent upon the setting of the attack control.That is,the attack control changes function from a pure attack control,to a control of delay with the same time range.The more CW the attack control is turned,the longer time before the release controltakes over.The more CCW the attack control is turned,the shorter time before the release control takes over.This function is valid only if the time of the peak is shorter than the setting of the attack control. If the peak of the program is longer than the setting of the attack control,or if the attack control has reached the full CCW position,it will respond as in the manual mode.The fix/man mode acts as an automatic release function with a constant fast attack time and fast release time for short peaks and a longer release times for longer peaks.This setting is mainly intended for use on program material(overall compression).BUS SELECT:Interconnects several compressors on bus1or bus2.If the compressor is left in the off position,it works entirely independently.(980112)SUGGESTED APPLICATIONSOFTUBE-TECH COMPRESSOR CL1BIn the following,you will find suggestions on various applications of the TUBE-TECH compressorCL1B.They are given as a convenient guide to enable you to familiarise yourself with the different aspects of using the compressor.We have not mentioned specific settings of gain and threshold as they are dependent upon input levels.Instead we have specified how much compression in dB,we feel,is needed for the various examples.OVERALL COMPRESSION:FINAL MIXCOMPRESSION NEEDED:3-4dBAttack/release select:Fix/manAttack:2o'clockRelease:10o'clockRatio:9o'clockSTANDARD COMPRESSION:BASS,PIANO,GUITAR,KEYBOARDS AND VOCALSCOMPRESSION NEEDED:4-5dBAttack/release select:ManualAttack:2o'clockRelease:10o'clockRatio:10-2o'clockHEAVY COMPRESSION ON INSTRUMENTS:LINE GUITAR AND PIANOCOMPRESSION NEEDED:10dBAttack/release select:ManualAttack:7o'clockRelease:1o'clockRatio:3o'clockCOMPRESSION OF DRUMS:SNARE AND BASS DRUMCOMPRESSION NEEDED:2-3dBAttack/release select:FixedRatio:9-12o'clock(980112)ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURE:CAUTION:Before making any adjustment let the unit heat-up at least15min.Observe that the offset-voltage measured at the side chain jack socket,when the THRESHOLD is off,is not greater than+/-15mV DC in both position"fixed"and "manual".(tip is bus1and ring is bus2).If the voltage exceeds this value,replace either IC1or IC2.THE GRE SHALL BE MARKED BETWEEN1.225-1.285ADJUSTMENT OF BASIC GAIN:1)Apply a signal of1kHz,-30,0dBU into the input of the compressor.2)Turn the GAIN-control fully clockwise.3)Set the RATIO-control at2:14)Adjust the pre-set GAIN(located on amp/psu PCB)to an output-reading of0,0dBU.ADJUSTMENT OF COMPRESSION TRACKING:1)Turn the THRESHOLD-control fully counter-clockwise.2)Set the RATIO-control at2:1.3)Set the BUS-select-switch at1.4)Apply a signal of1kHz,0,0dBU into the input of the compressor.5)Adjust the GAIN-control to an output-reading of0,0dBU.6)Apply a DC-voltage of+250,0mV into the side chain jack socket(tip)and observe thatthe output level has dropped to-10,0dB.7)If this is not the case,adjust the level with P2(P1)*,to obtain a drop of exactly-10,0dB. *The trimpots in parenthesis refers to PCB870316-0,1,2(980810)ADJUSTMENT OF THE VU METER READING"COMPRESSION":1)Turn the THRESHOLD-control fully counter-clockwise.2)Switch the METER-selector to Compression.3)Set the RATIO-control at2:14)Apply a signal of1kHz,0,0dBU into the input of the compressor.5)Adjust the GAIN-control to an output-reading of0,0dBU.6)Adjust P4(P2)*until the meter is reading0VU.7)Apply a DC-voltage of+250,0mV into the side chain jack socket and observe that theoutput level has dropped to-10,0dBU.If this is not the case,adjust the compressiontracking(see above)8Adjust P3until the meter is reading-10,0VU.9)Remove the DC-voltage from the side chain jack socket.10)Repeat step6-9.NB:The VU-meter accuracy should be within+/-0,5dB when reading compression. ADJUSTMENT OF THE RELEASE CONTROL:1)Set the METER switch in position compression.2)Set the attack/release SELECT switch in position manual.3)Apply a signal of1kHz,0,0dBU into the input of the compressor.4)Adjust the THRESHOLD-control to a reading of-10VU of the VU-meter5)Set the ATTACK-control at fast.6)Set the RELEASE-control at slow.7)Switch off the1kHz and observe that the VU meter moves to0VU in approx.10sec.8)If this is not the case,adjust P1(P5)*,to obtain a release time of approximately10sec. *The trimpots in parenthesis refers to PCB870316-0,1,2(950119)Over view of the sidechain PCBPCB870316-0,1,2P2P3P1P50VU-10VU-10dB Rel.10Sec.PCB870316-3P4P3P2P10VU-10VU-10dB Rel10Sec.101115TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS CL1B:Input impedance:600OhmsOutput impedance:<60OhmsFrequency-response:5Hz-25kHz+0.5/-3dB Distortion THD@40Hz:0dBU:<0,15%10dBU:<0,15%maximum output(1%THD):+26,0dBUmaximum input(1%THD):+21,0dBUNoise Rg=200Ohm:Output Gain0dB+30dB Unweighted-85,0dBU-75,0dBUCCIR468-3-75,0dBU-65,0dBUCMRR@10KHz<-60dBGain:off to+30dBCompressorRatio:2:1to10:1Threshold:off to-40dBUAttack:0,5mS to300mSRelease:0,05S to10STracking between interconnected compressors:(0to30dB compression):<+/-1dBTubesECC821ECC831DimensionsHeight:3units132m m/5,2”Width:483m m/19”Depth:170m m/6,7”WeightNet:4,1Kg/9,0lbsShipping:5,9Kg/13,0lbsPower requirements@115V/230V AC,50-60Hz30-40WAll specifications at RL=600Lydkraft reserves the right to alter specifications without prior notice(051018jgp)。
Philips 多媒体扬声器 2.0 MMS231 说明书
PhilipsMultimedia Speakers 2.0Compelling sound qualityDeep bass and crystal clear high notesWith a full 24 watts music power output and Dynamic Bass Boost for rich low tones, theMMS231 high-performance PC speakers make your multimedia experiences sound morecompelling than ever.Your computer never sounded so good•Enjoy PC audio with the quality of a home audio system•Over 75 years of audio experienceExperience true multimedia•Compatible with music, games, film & internet audio sources•Easy to connect to either a PC or a laptopHear every detail•Subwoofer for deep bass plus satellites for clear highs•Wooden housing for quality bass reproduction•Bass Reflex speakers deliver a powerful, deeper bass•Dynamic Bass Boost for deep and dramatic soundEasy to use•Labelled and color-coded connectors get you going in minutes•Magnetic Shielding eliminates computer screen distortionHighlightsMultimedia Speakers 2.0SpecificationsHome audio quality on the PCPhilips has used over 75 years experience at the leading edge of audio to create PC audio products with the same performance as our award-winning home audio systems.75 Years of audio experiencePhilips invented the CD, lead the team that wrote the USB audio specification and has producedmillions of audio systems, home cinema sets and TV's over many decades. As a leader in audio innovation, you can trust Philips to make PC sound systems of the highest sound quality.Music, games, films, internetAll types of music, games, films and internet audiosources can be played, so no matter what you want to hear, we make your multimedia experiences sound more involving than ever.For PC or LaptopCan be connected to either a PC or a laptopSubwoofer + satellite speakersThe audio system is separated into a subwoofer that is optimized to reproduce bass frequencies and satellite speakers that are optimsed for mid- and high-range frequencies. The result is a system that powerfully reproduces the full range of audio frequencies from deep bass to crystal clear high notes with the minimum of distortion.Wooden subwooferThe housing of the subwoofer is made from wood, giving it superior stability and acoustical performance.Bass Reflex Speaker SystemBass Reflex Speaker System delivers a deep bass experience from a compact loudspeaker box system.It differs from a conventional loudspeaker box system in the addition of a bass pipe that isacoustically aligned to the woofer to optimize the low frequency roll-off of the system. The result is deeper controlled bass and lower distortion. The system works by resonating the air mass in the bass pipe to vibrate like a conventional woofer.Combined with the response of the woofer, the system extends the overall low frequency sounds to create a whole new dimension of deep bass.Dynamic Bass BoostDynamic Bass Boost maximizes your musicenjoyment by emphasizing the bass content of the music throughout the range of volume settings - from low to high – at the touch of a button! Bottom-end bass frequencies usually get lost when the volume is set at a low level. To counteract this, Dynamic Bass Boost can be switched on to boost bass levels, so you can enjoy consistent sound even when you turn down the volume.Quick set-upColor-coded cables, clear labelling and easy to understand documentation mean you'll be up and running in minutesMagnetic ShieldingBecause the powerful magnets in speaker drivers are magnetically shielded, there''s no danger of image distortion or damage when placed close to your PC monitor screen.Sound•Bass enhancement: Dynamic Bass Boost •Music Power: 24 W•Output power (RMS): 2 x 3 + 6W•Volume Control: Analogue Volume Control •Wires: Fixed WiresLoudspeakers•Loudspeaker Enhancement: Magnetic Shielded LSB •Satellite speaker freq range: 200-20000Hz Hz •Subwoofer freq range: 20-200Hz HzConnectivity•Cable length: 2 m•Connector: 3.5 mm stereo •Power: Built-in transformerConvenience •Power on indication Power•Power LED indicator:BluePackaging content •Quick installation guidePackaging Data•12NC: 908210002914•EAN/UPC/GTIN: 8710895816069•Gross weight: 4.56 kg •Height: 247 mm •Length: 356 mm •Width: 243 mm •Quantity:1•Tare weight: 0.36 kgOuter Carton•Quantity:2•EAN/UPC/GTIN: 8710895970945•Tare weight: 0.9 kg •Gross weight: 8.54 kg •Length: 369 mm •Width: 346 mm •Height: 329 mm•12NC: 908210002914Issue date 2009-06-19Version: 8.0.912 NC: 9082 100 02914EAN: 87 10895 81606 9© 2009 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.All Rights reserved.Specifications are subject to change without notice. Trademarks are the property of Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. or their respective 。
Doherty功率放大器(英文)
The Doherty Power AmplifierThe current wireless communication systems have made significant progress toward increased bandwidth and number of carriers for high-data-rate applications. Memory effects, however, make it very difficult to design a high-power amplifier with a wide instantaneous bandwidth. In addition to bandwidth concerns, the instantaneous transmit powers of the wireless communication systems, such as CDMA-2000, wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexity (OFDM) and so on, vary widely and rapidly, carrying high peak-to-average ratio (PAR) signals. The base station power amplifiers for the systems require a high linearity to amplify the high PAR signal source without distortion. To satisfy linearity requirements, the power amplifiers are usually biased at class A or AB mode and must operate at a large amount of back-off from the peak output power. Another requirement of the base station power amplifier for the modern wireless communication systems is high efficiency. As the communication systems are reduced in both size and cost, the cooling system should be simple and small, requiring a power amplifier with high efficiency. Because the base station power amplifiers have a low efficiency due to the back-off operation, efficiency enhancement techniques become very important. The design technique of the base station power amplifiers with high efficiency and linearity across a wide instantaneous bandwidth has become a hot issue.In this article, we show that the Doherty amplifier is capable of delivering the stringent requirements of the base station power amplifiers. We explain the operation principles, including both linearity and efficiency improvements, and the basic circuit configuration of the amplifier. Advanceddesign methods to operate across wide bandwidth and improve the linearity are also described. For verification, the Doherty amplifier is implemented using laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors and measured using a WCDMA 4FA signal. These results show that the Doherty amplifier is a promising candidate for base station power amplifiers with wide bandwidth, high efficiency, and linearity.Doherty Amplifier OperationFigure1. (a) Operational diagram of the Doherty amplifier. (b)Fundamental currents. (c) Load impedances.The Doherty amplifier was first proposed by W.H. Doherty in 1936. The original Doherty amplifier consisted of two tube amplifiers and an impedance inverting network. The efficiency of an RF power amplifier isincreased using the RF Doherty amplifier technique, as described in detailin . This amplifier consisted of a carrier amplifier and a peaking amplifier. The output load is connected to the carrier amplifier through an impedance inverter (a quarter-wave transmission line) and directly to the peaking amplifier. Figure 1(a) shows an operational diagram to analyze the Doherty amplifier circuit. Two current sources represent the amplifiers. It is assumed that each current source is linearly proportionalto the input voltage signal, operating as a class AB or class B amplifier with harmonic short circuits after it is turned on, and the efficiency analysis can be carried out using the fundamental and dc components only. As shown in Figure 1(b), the peaking amplifier turns on at one-half the maximum input voltage.The Doherty amplifier technique is based on the load impedance change of each amplifier, referred to as load modulation, according to the input power level. Figure 1(b) shows the fundamental currents from the amplifiers. The load impedances of two amplifiers are given bywhere ZL is the load impedance of the Doherty amplifier; IC and IP represent the fundamental currents of the carrier and peaking amplifiers, respectively; and ZC and ZP are the output load impedances of the carrier and peaking amplifiers, respectively, and are depicted in Figure 1(c).In the low-power region (0 ∼Vin, max/2), the peaking amplifier remains in the cut-off state, and the load impedance of the carrier amplifier is two times larger than that of the conventional amplifier. Thus, the carrier amplifier reaches the saturation state at the input voltage(Vin, max)/2 since the maximum fundamental current swing is half and the maximum voltage swing reaches Vdc. As a result, the maximum power level is half of the carrier amplifier’s allowable power level (a quarter of the total maximumpower or 6 dB down from the total maximum power), and the efficiency of the amplifier is equal to the maximum efficiency of the carrier amplifier as shown in Figure 2.In the high-power region (Vin, max/2 ∼Vin, max), where the peaking amplifier is conducting, the current level of the peaking amplifier plays an important role in determining the load modulation of the Doherty amplifier[see (1) and (2)]. Assuming that gm of the peaking amplifier is twice as large as that of the carrier amplifier, the current and voltage swings of the peaking amplifier increase in proportion to the input voltage level and the voltage swing reaches the maximum voltage swing of Vdc only at the maximum input voltage. The load impedance of the carrier amplifier varies from 2Zopt to Zopt, and the peaking amplifier varies from ∞ to Zopt according to the input voltage level as shown in Figure 1(c). The efficiency of the Doherty amplifier at the maximum input voltage is equal to the maximum efficiency of the amplifiers. When the peaking amplifier is the same size as the carrier amplifier, which is normally the case, gm of the two amplifiers are identical and the peaking amplifier can not be fully turned on, so the power performance is degraded [4]. From the basic operation principle, we have explored the Doherty amplifier, which provides higher efficiency over whole power ranges compared to the conventional class AB amplifiers. The resulting Doherty amplifier can solve the problem of maintaining a high efficiency for a large PAR signal.Linearity of the Doherty AmplifierThe linearity of the Doherty amplifier is more complicated than that of a class AB amplifier. The class AB biased carrier amplifier has a load impedance at the low power level that is twice as large and the high impedance of the carrier amplifier compensates the low gain characteristicdue to the input power division. At high power levels, the two amplifiers generate full power using normal load impedances, equalizing the power gain. Additionally, in the low-power region, the linearity of the amplifier is entirely determined by the carrieramplifier. Therefore, the carrier amplifier should be highly linear even though the load impedance is highAt a high power level, linearity of the amplifier is improved by the harmonic cancellation from the two amplifiers using appropriate gate biases. Figure 3 shows the third-order harmonic generation coefficient gm3 of an LDMOS transistor and the bias points of the two amplifiers. In terms of gain characteristics of each amplifier, a late gain expansion of the class C biased peaking amplifier compensates the gain compression of the class AB carrier amplifier. Thus, the Doherty amplifier, which is based on the load modulation technique, is capable of delivering more linear output power than a conventional class AB power amplifier. The third-order intermodulation (IM3) level from the carrier amplifier increases and the phase of the IM3 decreases because the gain of the carrier amplifier is compressed. In contrast, when the gain of the peaking amplifier is expanded, both the IM3 level and phase increase. To cancel out the IM3s from the two amplifiers, th e components must be 180◦ out of phase with the same amplitudes. Therefore, the peaking amplifier should be designed appropriately to cancel the harmonics of the carrier amplifier..The Circuit Configuration of Doherty AmplifierFigure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the fully matched microwave Doherty amplifier with offset transmission lines at the output circuits [5]. The carrier and peaking amplifiers have input/output matching circuits, which transform from the input impedances of the devices to 50 and from the optimum load impedance Zopt of the devices to 50 , respectively. Theadditional offset transmission lines with characteristic impedance of 50 are connected after the matching circuits of the carrier and peaking amplifiers. In the low-power region, the phase adjustments of the offset lines cause the peaking amplifier to be open-circuited and the characteristic load impedance of the carrier amplifier is doubled to2Ro by a quarterwave impedance transformer. This is illustrated in Figure 5(a) and (b). The offset line of the carrier amplifier varies from Zopt to 2Zopt for the proper load modulation as shown in Figure 5(a). Figure 5(b) illustrates that the offset line of the peaking amplifier adjusts to the high impedance so that it prevents power leakage. Figure 5(c) shows the appropriate transformations on a Smith chart to determine the offset line length of each amplifier. The lines do not affect the overall matching condition and load modulation because they are matched to the characteristic impedance of 50 . The Doherty output combining circuit consists of a quarter-wave transmission line with the characteristic impedance of 50 and a quarter-wave transmission line that transforms from 50 to 25 to determine the load impedance of theoutput combining circuit. A phase delay line is needed at the input of the peaking amplifier to adjust the same delay between the carrier and peaking amplifiers [6].The Doherty amplifier consists of a class AB biased carrier amplifier and a class C biased peaking amplifier. Due to the different biasing, the RF current from the amplifiers are different depending on the input drive level. The asymmetric powers are combined by the Doherty operation through a quarter-wave impedance converter. Advanced Design Methods for the Doherty AmplifierThe fundamental operation principles of a Doherty amplifier were described in the previous section. We have seen that the advantages of themicrowave Doherty amplifier are the simple circuit configuration and improved efficiency and linearity. In this section, we explain some typical issues with Doherty amplifiers and present proposed methods to address them.The Doherty amplifier for the base station system usually has two amplifiers with identical size devices, matching circuits, and input drives. Because the peaking amplifier is biased lower than the carrier amplifier, the current level of the peaking amplifier at the maximum input drive cannot reach the maximum allowable current level. Thus, the load impedances of both amplifiers can not be fully modulated to the optimized impedance, Zopt, and they are larger than the optimum values. As a result, the conventional Doherty amplifier is heavily saturated, and both linearity and power are degraded. It is difficult to improve the linearity of the Doherty amplifier across a wide bandwidth due to the memory effect. We propose the following three design methods for wide bandwidth, high linearity, and high power applications: 1) Uneven power drive, applying more power to the peaking amplifier, can open the peaking amplifier fully and modulate the load impedances optimally. Therefore, the amplifiers with uneven power drive operate more linear and produce more power than those with an identical input power drive. 2) Because of the improper load modulation, power matching circuits of both amplifiers should be appropriately designed to have low load impedances for better linearity. Due to the low bias point of the peaking amplifier, the power matching circuit of the peaking amplifier should be designed to have lower load impedance than that of the carrier amplifier. Moreover, the matching circuits of both amplifiers should be individually optimized to enhance the IM cancellation over power ranges across the wide bandwidth. 3) The bias circuit should be designed to minimize the memory effects. The linearizing techniques focused on harmonic cancellation such as Doherty amplifier and PD are restricted to a low cancellation limit because the memory effect brings about the different lower and upper spuriousemissions. The bias circuit should not have any frequency dispersion of envelope impedance to minimize the memory effect. To reduce the memory effect, the bias circuit is optimized using a quarter-wave bias line and decoupling capacitors for each frequency. The tantalum capacitors are inserted within a quarterwave bias line for the short at the envelope frequencies. Additionally, the biases of both amplifiers are properly adjusted to maintain optimized linearity and efficiency.Bias Circuit Test to Reduce the Memory EffectsThe effects on the memory effect for different bandwidthsare ACLR or intermodulation distortion (IMD) asymmetry and bandwidth dependent adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) or IMD characteristics. To reduce these effects or the memory effects, the load impedances of the bias circuit should be reduced to short the envelope frequency voltage component or maintained at the same value.We have tested several bias circuits to reduce the memory effect as shown in Figure 6. Figures 7 and 8 represent measurement results of load impedances corresponding to the bias circuit. Unfortunately, we cannot measure the envelope frequency load impedance (dc–20 MHz), but we have tested the load impedances at 100 MHz–5 GHz. We can analogize the envelope frequency load impedance of the bias circuit from these test results.The general bias circuit scheme of RF power amplifier is shown in Figure 6(b). From Figures 7 and 8, we have analogized that the envelope load impedances of the RF decoupling capacitor (10 pF) and envelopefrequency decoupling capacitor (22 uF and 10 uF) were very small. Even though the envelope load impedances of this case are very small, the power amplifier has the serious memory effect. A cause of this result is that it is very difficult to short the envelope frequency voltage component because the load impedance of the high-power amplifier is very small. To minimize the memory effect, the load impedance of the bias circuit should be further reduced. Thus, we have proposed the bias circuit optimization method of the RF decoupling capacitor (10 pF) and envelope frequency decoupling capacitor [22 uF, 10 uF, and the tantalum capacitor (1 uF) located within a quarter-wave bias circuit], and Figures 7(c) and 8(c) show more small envelope load impedances and lower load impedance variation than the general bias scheme at the low frequency. However, the impedance at RF is reduced by tantalum capacitor located within a quarter-wave bias line as shown in Figure 7(c). Thus, we need to optimize the bias circuit along with the matching circuit considering these effects. As a result, the proposed bias circuit optimization method can reduce the memory effect more efficiently than the conventional bias circuit method, and ACLR asymmetry is reduced.Implementation of the Doherty Amplifier and Measurement Results In the previous section, we explained the basic Doherty operation and advanced design methods with uneven power drive, individually optimized matching, and bias circuit optimization.A2.14-GHz Doherty amplifier for the base station power amplifier is implemented using Freescale’s MRF5P21180 LDMOSFET. Figure 9 shows a photograph of the implemented Doherty amplifier applying the advanced methods. The uneven power drive is implemented using an Anaren’s 1A1305-5 (5 dB directional coupler) which delivers 4 dB more input power to the peaking amplifier than the carrier amplifier. The individual matching of the Doherty amplifier isfurther optimized to achieve high efficiency and linearity at 25 W (44 dBm) average output power. In the experiments, the suitable offset line is 80.4◦, and the transformed output impedance of the peaking amplifier in the off state is 502 .Quiescent biases for the carrier amplifier and peaking amplifier are set to Vc = 3.938 V (1.1 A) and Vp = 1.713 V at Vdd = 27 V, respectively. We optimize the bias circuit to minimize the memory effect and improve the linearity and efficiency. For performance comparison, we also fabricated a class AB amplifier and Doherty amplifier with even power drive. The class AB amplifier represents a conventional base station power amplifier of the push-pull type. For specific comparison corresponding to uneven power drive, the Doherty amplifier with even drive is optimized using the individual matching and bias circuit to achieve linearity and efficiency as high as possible.Figure 10 shows the measured adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of the Doherty amplifier with uneven drive and class AB amplifier at offset 5 MHz for a 2.14-GHz forward link wideband code-division multiple-access (WCDMA) 4FA signal. The ACLR is improved by about 7 dB compared to the class AB amplifier at an output power of 44 dBm.Figure 11 shows the measured ACLR of the Doherty amplifiers for both even and uneven drives. In comparison with the even case, the Doherty amplifier with uneven power drive delivers significantly improved ACLR performance, by 3 dB at the average output power of 44 dBm.Figure 12 shows the measured ACLR performance of the uneven case as a function of the bias circuit optimization. The drain bias circuit incorporates a quarterwave line and several decoupling capacitors which consist of 10 pF for the RF and 22 uF, 10 uF, 1 uF, 1 nF, 150 nF for the envelope frequency. The tantalum capacitors (22 uF, 1 uF) located within aquarter-wave bias line are especially important to minimize the memory effect, even though the impedance at RF is reduced by these capacitors. Thus, we have optimized the bias circuit along with the matching circuit considering these effects. As a result, the bias circuit becomes an active matching circuit, and the difference in ACLR with the bias circuit optimization between lower and upper ACLR is reduced below 2 dB over all average output powers. Figure 13 shows the spectrum of the Doherty amplifier with uneven power drive at an average output power of 44 dBm according to the bias circuit optimization.Figure 14 shows the measured IMD3 of the Doherty amplifier with both even and uneven power drives for a two-tone signal. We measure a peak envelope power (PEP) using a two-tone signal with 1-MHz tone spacing. The PEP of the amplifier with uneven drive is improved by 15 W, from 165 to 180 W, compared to the even case. This result implies that the Doherty amplifier with uneven power drive generates full power from both amplifiers.Figure 15 shows drain efficiencies of the Doherty amplifier with both even and uneven power drive and the class AB power amplifier for WCDMA 4 FA signal. The drain efficiency of the Doherty amplifier is significantly improved over the class AB amplifier.These results show clearly that the Doherty amplifier is far superior to the class AB amplifier. The Doherty amplifier with uneven power drive, based on the individually optimized matching circuit and the bias optimization, provides highly efficient and linear operation compared to the normal Doherty amplifier. We can also see that the proposed design method is very helpful in achieving the Doherty amplifier with high performance over a wide bandwidth.ConclusionsIn this article, we explained the basic Doherty operation principle, including both efficiency and linearity improvements, and the circuit configuration of the normal Doherty amplifier. We proposed advanced design methods for highly efficient and linear Doherty amplifier operation across a wide bandwidth. The Doherty amplifier is implemented using Freescale LDMOS MRF5P21180. The amplifier utilizes uneven power drive, individually optimized matching, and bias circuit optimization.For a 2.14-GHz WCDMA 4 FA signal, the Doherty amplifier has ACLR of −41 dBc and a drain efficiency of 33% at an average output power of 44 dBm. These experimental results clearly demonstrate the superior performance of the Doherty amplifier compared to class AB amplifiers and conventional Doherty amplifiers. Theproposed design methods are well suited for the design of the Doherty amplifier for wide-bandwidth and high-power operation.。
仿真超声反射模式传感对配双范围双分辨率超声传感器说明书
DatasheetUltrasonic Opposed Mode Sensor Pairs with Dual Sensing Ranges•Dual range/dual resolution opposed mode ultrasonic sensors; ideal for reliable sensing of clear objects or materials•Rugged design for use in demanding environments: rated NEMA 6P (IEC IP67), wide-operating temperature range of −40 °C to +70 °C (−40 °F to +158 °F)•Alignment indicator flashes at a rate proportional to the received signal strength •Highly immune to ambient sonic and electrical noise•Popular T-style right-angle sensor package with 18 mm threaded mounting hub; cabled or quick disconnect models•12 to 30 V dc operation; choose receivers with either NPN (sinking) or PNP (sourcing) output;outputs are short-circuit protectedWARNING: Not To Be Used for Personnel ProtectionNever use this device as a sensing device for personnel protection. Doing so could lead to serious injury or death.This device does not include the self-checking redundant circuitry necessary to allow its use in personnel safety applications. A sensor failure or malfunction can cause either an energized or de-energized sensor output condition.ModelsOverviewU-GAGE ® T18U Series Sensor is an opposed mode ultrasonic emitter/receiver pair. It uses an advanced built-in microprocessor toanalyze the received ultrasonic signal and control an indicator LED located on the back of the receiver. The receiver LED flashes at a rate proportional to the received sonic signal strength. This indicator greatly simplifies sensor alignment and alerts personnel to marginal sensing conditions because of gradual misalignment or environmental factors. The receiver is precisely tuned to the ultrasonic emitter,making this sensor pair highly immune to both sonic and electrical ambient noise.T18U receivers may be wired for either of two resolution modes: NORMAL or HIGH. The modes are selected by the polarity of the supply voltage.•The NORMAL resolution mode offers a sensing range of 600 mm (24 in) and maximizes sensing energy, as is required indemanding environments.•The HIGH resolution mode yields a sensing range of up to 300 mm (12 in) and maximizes sensing response, as is needed in high-speed counting applications.Opposed mode ultrasonics are very useful for highly reliable sensing of clear materials, which is always a challenge for photoelectric modes. T18U Series ultrasonic sensors are designed for demanding sensing environments. Housings are tough, NEMA 6P-rated PBT.Electronics are epoxy encapsulated. The acoustic face of both emitter and receiver are epoxy-reinforced for extreme durability and moisture resistance.suffix “Q” to the model number (e.g., T18VN6URQ). To suffix “W/30” to the model number (e.g., T18VN6UR W/30). Models with a QD connector require a mating cable.2T18U receivers may be wired for either of two resolution modes: Normal or High.U-GAGE T18U Series SensorOriginal Document 40124 Rev. C27 March 201740124Installation InstructionsObject DetectionThese figures reflect the following assumptions:•Objects have square (not radiused) corners,•Sensors are optimally aligned,•Objects pass through the sensing area midway between the emitter and receiver(i.e. at D/2)3,•Operating conditions are stable, with minimal air turbulence.Individual results may differ based on ambient operating conditions, alignment, and the geometry of the objects to be detected.Wiring Diagrams12–30 V dc–+31–+–+emitter or the receiver. - Tel: +1-763-544-3164P/N 40124 Rev. C1.Brown2.White3.Blue4.Black–+–+SpecificationSupply Voltage12 to 30 V dc (10% maximum ripple)Supply CurrentEmitters: 50 mAReceivers: 35 mA, exclusive of output loadOutput Protection CircuitryProtected against overload and short circuit conditions. No false pulse upon receiver power-up.Delay at Power-up100 milliseconds Beam Angle (-3dB full angle)15 ± 2°Sensing RangeNormal Resolution: 600 mm (24 in)High Resolution: 300 mm (12 in)Ultrasonic Frequency230 kHzMinimum Spacing (adjacent pairs)50 mm for emitter-to-receiver separations of up to 150 mmAdd 10 mm of adjacent pair spacing for every 100 mm of emitter-to-receiver spacing beyond 150 mm Receiver Output ConfigurationNPN (sinking) or PNP (sourcing), depending on model; Normally Open (NO) and Normally Closed (NC) (complementary)Output Rating150 mA max. (each output) at 25°C, derated to 100 mA at 70°C (derate ≈ 1 mA per °C). Both outputs may be used simultaneously.ON-state saturation voltage: < 1.5 V at 10 mA; < 2.0 V at 150 mA OFF-state leakage current: < 1 microamp at 30 V dc Rep RateNormal Resolution Mode: 125 Hz maximum High Resolution Mode: 200 Hz maximumIndicatorsEmitters have a Green LED for Power ON.Receivers have one Green Power LED and one Yellow Signal LED.Green Power LED: ON indicates power on; Flashing indicates output overload Yellow Signal LED: sonic signal received (flash rate is proportional to received signal strength; flash is from full to half intensity)Output Response TimeNormal Resolution Mode: 2 milliseconds ON and OFF High Resolution Mode: 1 millisecond ON and OFF Mechanical Sensing Repeatability at 300 mm (12 in) RangeNormal Resolution Mode: < 2 mm (< 0.08 in)High ResolutionMode: < 1 mm (< 0.04 in)ConstructionPatented T-style yellow PBT housing with black PBT back cover. Transducer housing is threaded M18 x 1. Mating jam nut is supplied for mounting. Acoustic face is epoxy reinforced. Circuitry is epoxy encapsulated.ConstructionEmitter: 2 m (6.5 ft)attached PVC-covered 2-wire cable or 4-pin Euro-Style quick disconnect fittingReceiver: 2 m (6.5ft) attached PVC-covered 4-wire cable or 4-pin Euro-Style quick disconnect fitting9 m (30 ft) cables available by request.A model with a QD connector requires a mating cable Environmental RatingNEMA 6P; IEC IP67Operating Conditions−40 °C to +70 °C (−40 °F to +158 °F)Vibration and Mechanical ShockAll models meet Mil Std. 202F requirements. Method 201A (vibration: 10 Hz to 60 Hz max., double amplitude 0.06 inch, maximum acceleration 10G). Also meets IEC 947-5-2 requirements: 30G 11 ms duration, half sine wave.Method 213B conditions H&I.Shock: 75G with unit operating; 100G for non-operation CertificationsRequired Overcurrent ProtectionWARNING: Electrical connections must be made by qualified personnel in accordance with local and national electrical codes and regulations.Overcurrent protection is required to be provided by end productapplication per the supplied table.Overcurrent protection may be provided with external fusing or via Current Limiting, Class 2 Power Supply.Supply wiring leads < 24 AWG shall not be spliced.For additional product support, go to .P/N 40124 Rev. C - Tel: +1-763-544-31643DimensionsYellow LED Signal Strength Indicator (Receiver Only)Green LED Power IndicatorAll measurements are listed in millimeters [inches], unless noted otherwise.AccessoriesCordsetsBanner Engineering Corp. Limited WarrantyBanner Engineering Corp. warrants its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for one year following the date of shipment. Banner Engineering Corp. will repair orreplace, free of charge, any product of its manufacture which, at the time it is returned to the factory, is found to have been defective during the warranty period. This warranty does not cover damage or liability for misuse, abuse, or the improper application or installation of the Banner product.THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE), AND WHETHER ARISING UNDER COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, COURSE OF DEALING OR TRADE USAGE.This Warranty is exclusive and limited to repair or, at the discretion of Banner Engineering Corp., replacement. IN NO EVENT SHALL BANNER ENGINEERING CORP. BE LIABLE TO BUYER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FOR ANY EXTRA COSTS, EXPENSES, LOSSES, LOSS OF PROFITS, OR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY PRODUCT DEFECT OR FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT OR WARRANTY, STATUTE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHERWISE.Banner Engineering Corp. reserves the right to change, modify or improve the design of the product without assuming any obligations or liabilities relating to any product previously manufactured by Banner Engineering Corp. Any misuse, abuse, or improper application or installation of this product or use of the product for personal protection applications when theproduct is identified as not intended for such purposes will void the product warranty. Any modifications to this product without prior express approval by Banner Engineering Corp will void the product warranties. All specifications published in this document are subject to change; Banner reserves the right to modify product specifications or update documentation at any time.Specifications and product information in English supersede that which is provided in any other language. For the most recent version of any documentation, refer to: .© Banner Engineering Corp. All rights reserved。
蔡斯美电子产品说明书
Simple and Easy-to-Use Amplifiers with a Sensitivity AdjusterProvided as a Standard Feature■Intuitive LED bar display shows light levels at a glance.■Utilizes OMRON’s innovative wire-saving connector.■Reduced wiring and space requirements for power lines.■Optical communications prevents mutual interference for up to 5 amplifiers■High-speed detection, mark-detecting, and water-resistant models also available.Be sure to readSafety Precautionsonpage 10.Ordering InformationAmplifier UnitsAmplifier Units with Cables (2m)Amplifier Units with ConnectorsAmplifier Unit Connectors (Order Separately) Note: Stickers for Connectors are included as accessories.ItemAppearanceControl outputModelNPN outputPNP outputStandard modelsON/OFF outputE3X-NA11 2M E3X-NA41 2M With self-diagnosis function E3X-NA21 2M E3X-NA51 2M High-speed detection models E3X-NA11F 2M E3X-NA41F 2M Mark-detecting modelsE3X-NAG11 2ME3X-NAG41 2MWater-resistant models E3X-NA11V 2M E3X-NA41V 2MItemAppearanceApplicable Connector (order separately)Control outputModelNPN outputPNP outputStandard modelsMasterE3X-CN11ON/OFF outputE3X-NA6E3X-NA8SlaveE3X-CN12Water-resistant models(M8 connectors)XS3F-M421-40@-A XS3F-M422-40@-AE3X-NA14VE3X-NA44VItem AppearanceCable lengthNo. of conductorsModelMaster Connector2 m3E3X-CN11Slave Connector1E3X-CN12E3X-NASensor I/O Connectors (Order Separately)Note:Refer to Introduction to Sensor I/O Connectors for details.Accessories (Order Separately)Combining Amplifier Units and ConnectorsAmplifier UnitsApplicable Connectors (Order Separately)Refer to the following tables when placing an order.Type NPN PNP +Master Connector Slave Connector Basically, Amplifier Units and Connectors are sold separately.Standard modelsE3X-NA6E3X-NA8E3X-CN11 (3-wire)E3X-CN12 (1-wire)When Using 5 Amplifier Units5 Amplifier Units+ 1 Master Connector + 4 Slave ConnectorsSizeCable specificationsAppearanceCable typeModelM8Standard cable2 mFour-conductorcable XS3F-M421-402-A 5 mXS3F-M421-405-A 2 m XS3F-M422-402-A 5 mXS3F-M422-405-AStraight connectorL-shaped connectorMounting BracketsAppearanceApplicable models Model QuantityE3X-NA @E3X-NA @F E3X-NAG @E39-L1431E3X-NA @VE39-L148End PlateAppearanceModel QuantityPFP-M1E3X-NARatings and SpecificationsAmplifier Units*1.When there are 8 or more Units mounted side-by-side, the response time will be 350 P s max.*2.High-speed detection models do not have the mutual interference prevention function.*3.The dielectric strength for water-resistant models with M8 connectors is 500 VAC.*4.Add 10 g to the weight for water-resistant models.Amplifier Unit ConnectorsType Standard modelsHigh-speed detection modelsMark-detecting modelsWater-resistant modelsModelNPN output E3X-NA @E3X-NA @F E3X-NAG @E3X-NA @VItemPNP outputLight source (wavelength)Red LED (680 nm)Green LED (520nm)Red LED (680 nm)Power supply voltage 12 to 24 VDC 10%, ripple (p-p): 10% max.Currentconsumption35 mA max.35 mA max.(for 24-VDC power supply)35 mA max.Control output Load current: 50 mA max.; residual voltage: 1 V max.; NPN/PNP (depends on model) open collector; Light-ON/Dark-ON mode selector Self-diagnosis outputNoneYesNoneResponse time Operate or reset: 200 P s max. *1Operate: 20 P s max.Reset: 30 P s max.Operate or reset: 200 P s max. *1Sensitivity adjustment 8-turn sensitivity adjuster (with indicator)Protection circuits Reverse polarity, output short-circuit, mutual interference prevention (optically synchronized) *2Timer functionOFF-delay timer: 40 ms (fixed)Ambient illumination (Receiver side)Incandescent lamp: 10,000 lux max.Sunlight:20,000 lux max.Ambienttemperature range Operating:Groups of 1 to 3 Amplifiers: 25 C to 55 CGroups of 4 to11 Amplifiers: 25 C to 50 C Groups of 12 to16 Amplifiers: 25 C to 45 CStorage: 30 C to 70 C (with no icing or condensation)Ambient humidity rangeOperating and storage: 35% to 85% (with no condensation)Insulation resistance 20 M : min. (at 500 VDC)Dielectric strength 1,000 VAC at 50/60 Hz for 1 minute *3Vibration resistance Destruction: 10 to 55 Hz with a 1.5-mm double amplitude for 2 hrs each in X, Y and Z directions Shock resistance Destruction: 500 m/s 2, for 3 times each in X, Y and Z directions Degree of protection IEC 60529 IP50 (with Protective Cover attached)IEC 60529 IP66 (with Pro-tective Cover attached)Connection method Pre-wired (standard cable length: 2 m) or connectorWeight(packed state)Pre-wired models: approx. 100 g, Connector models: approx. 55 g (See note 4.) *4Material Case Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)CoverPolycarbonate Polyethersulfone (PES)Accessories Instruction manualItemModelE3X-CN11E3X-CN12Rated current 2.5 A Rated voltage 50 VContact resistance 20 m : max. (20 mVDC max., 100 mA max.)(The above figure is for connection to the Amplifier Unit and the adjacent Connector. It does not include the conductor resistance of the cable.)Number of inser-tions Destruction: 50 times (for connection to the Amplifier Unit and the adjacent Connector)MaterialHousing Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)ContactPhosphor bronze/gold-plated nickel Weight(packed state)Approx. 55 gApprox. 25 gE3X-NA Sensing DistanceThrough-beam Models(Unit: mm)Model E3X-NA@E3X-NA@FType General-purposemodelsHigh-speedmodelsStandard modelsFlexible(new standard)E32-T11R/E32-T12R/E32-T15XR/E32-TC200BR(B4R)28080E32-T14LR/E32-T15YR/E32-T15ZR11033E32-T21R/E32-T22R/E32-T222R/E32-T25XR/E32-TC200FR(F4R)6018 E32-T24R/E32-T25YR/E32-T25ZR309StandardE32-TC200/E32-T12/E32-T15X/E32-TC200B(B4)400120E32-T14L/E32-T15Y/E32-T15Z24070E32-TC200A360100E32-TC200E/E32-T22/E32-T222/E32-T25X/E32-TC200F(F4)10030E32-T24/E32-T25Y/E32-T25Z9027 Break resistantE32-T11/E32-T12B/E32-T15XB360100E32-T21/E32-T221B/E32-T22B10030E32-T25XB7520 Fluorine coating E32-T11U360100Special-beam modelsLong distance,high powerE32-T17L140004200E32-TC200 + E39-F13000900E32-T11R + E39-F12100630E32-T11 + E39-F12000600E32-T141800540E32-T11L/E32-T12L700210E32-T11L + E39-F2500150E32-T11R + E39-F222065E32-T11 + E39-F2360100E32-T21L/E32-T22L20060Ultracompact,ultrafine sleeveE32-T223R6018E32-T33-S5206E32-T333-S55 1.5E32-T334-S5 2.50.8 Fine beam (nar-row vision field)E32-T22S1000300E32-T24S700210 Area sensingE32-T16PR450130E32-T16P600180E32-T16JR390110E32-T16J520150E32-T16WR690200E32-T16W920270E32-T161500450E32-M2130090Environment-resistivemodels Heat resistantE32-T51400120E32-T5413035E32-T81R-S18050E32-T61-S + E39-F2390130E32-T61-S + E39-F13000900E32-T84S-S700210E32-T61-S30090ChemicalresistantE32-T11F1050380E32-T12F1600480E32-T14F20060E32-T51F700200E32-T81F-S350100VacuumresistantE32-T51V100---E32-T51V + E39-F1V600---E32-T54V65---E32-T54V + E39-F1V390---E32-T84SV250---E3X-NAReflective Models(Unit: mm)Model E3X-NA@E3X-NA@FType General-purposemodels High-speed modelsStandard modelsFlexible(new standard)E32-D11R/E32-D12R/E32-D15XR/E32-DC200BR(B4R)9030E32-D14LR165E32-D15YR/E32-D15ZR205E32-D211R/E32-D21R/E32-D22R/E32-D25XR/E32-DC200FR(F4R)155E32-D24R7 2.3E32-D25YR/E32-D25ZR4 1.2 StandardE32-DC200/E32-D15X/E32-DC200B(B4)15050E32-D1212040E32-D14L4013E32-D15Y/E32-D15Z5015E32-D211/E32-DC200E/E32-D22/E32-D25X/E32-DC200F(F4)3612E32-D24155E32-D25Y/E32-D25Z10 3.3 Break resistantE32-D11/E32-D15XB9030E32-D21B/E32-D221B3510E32-D21/E32-D22B155E32-D25XB258 Fluorine coating E32-D11U9030Special-beam models Long distance,high powerE32-D1640 to 40055 to 70E32-D11L20065E32-D21L/E32-D22L5017 Ultracompact,ultrafine sleeveE32-D3310 3.3E32-D331 1.50.5Coaxial,small spotE32-CC200R7525E32-CC20015050E32-D32L8025E32-C31/E32-D324013E32-C42 + E39-F3A Spot diameter of 0.1 to 0.6 mm at 6 to 15 mm.E32-D32 + E39-F3A Spot diameter of 0.5 to 1mm at 6 to 15 mm.E32-C41 + E39-F3A-5Spot diameter of 0.1 mm at 7 mmE32-C31 + E39-F3A-5Spot diameter of 0.5 mm at 7 mm.E32-C41 + E39-F3B Spot diameter of 0.2 mm at 17 mm.E32-C31 + E39-F3B Spot diameter of 0.5 mm at 17 mm.E32-C31 + E39-F3C Spot diameter of 4 mm max. at 0 to 20 mm. Area sensing E32-D36P17525 Retro-reflectiveE32-R21 + E39-R3 (provided)10 to 250E32-R16 + E39-R1 (provided)150 to 1500150 to 1000Convergent-reflectiveE32-L25/E32-L25A 3.3E32-L24S0 to 4E32-L24L 2 to 6 (center 4)E32-L25L 5.4 to 9 (center 7.2)E32-L86 4 to 10E32-L160 to 150 to 13Environment-resistive models Heat resistantE32-D5112040E32-D81R/E32-D614515E32-D733010 ChemicalresistantE32-D12F5016E32-D14F20 6.5E3X-NAApplication-specific Models(Unit: mm)Green Light Source Models(Unit: mm)ModelE3X-NA @E3X-NA @F TypeGeneral-purposemodelsHigh-speed modelsApplication-specific ModelsLabel detectionE32-G1410E32-T141800540Liquid-level detectionE32-L25TApplicable tube: Transparent tube with a diameter in the range 8 to 10 mm and a recommended wall thickness of 1 mm E32-D36T Applicable tube: Transparent tube (no diameter restrictions )E32-D82F1(F2)Liquid-contact modelModelE3X-NAG @TypeMark-detecting ModelsThrough-beammodelsStandard E32-T11R/E32-T12R/E32-T15XR/E32-TC200BR(B4R)50E32-T14LR/E32-T15YR/E32-T15ZR20E32-TC200/E32-T12/E32-T15X/E32-TC200B(B4)75E32-T14L/E32-T15Y/E32-T15Z45Special beam E32-T11L/E32-T12L130Reflective StandardE32-D11R/E32-D12R/E32-D15XR/E32-DC200BR(B4R)15E32-D14LR3.5E32-D15YR/E32-D15ZR3.3E32-DC200/E32-D15X/E32-DC200B(B4)25E32-D14L10E32-D15Y/E32-D15Z8Special beam E32-D11L 35E32-CC200R12E32-CC20025E32-D32L12E32-C31/E32-D326Applicationspecific Label detectionE32-T14330E32-G1410Refer to E32 Series for details on Fiber Units.E3X-NAEngineering Data (Typical)Number of Turns of Sensitivity Adjuster vs. Sensing Distance E32-T11LE32-D11LSensing Distance vs. Differential Travel E32-T11LE32-D11LD i s t a n c e (m )Number of turnsD i s t a n c e (m m )Number of turnsD i f f e r e n t i a l t r a v e l (m m )Distance (mm)D i f f e r e n t i a l t r a v e l (m m )Distance (mm)E3X-NA I/O Circuit DiagramsE3X-NAPNP OutputPlug (Sensor I/O Connector)NomenclatureAmplifier UnitsBlue XS3F-M421-402-A XS3F-M421-405-A XS3F-M422-402-A XS3F-M422-405-ANote:Pin 2 is not used.Classification Wire color Connection pinApplication DCBrown1Power supply(+V)White 2---Blue 3Power supply(0 V)Black4OutputON: Timer function is ON.OFF: Timer function is OFF.E3X-NA Safety PrecautionsRefer to Warranty and Limitations of Liability.This product is not designed or rated for ensuringsafety of persons either directly or indirectly.Do not use it for such purposes.Do not use the product in atmospheres or environments that exceed product ratings.Amplifier Units● DesigningCommunications HoleThe hole on the side of the Amplifier Unit is a communications hole for preventing mutual interference when Amplifier Units are mounted side-by-side. The E3X-MC11 Mobile Console (order separately) cannot be used.If an excessive amount of light is received via the Sensor, the mutual interference prevention function may not work. In this case, make the appropriate adjustments using the sensitivity adjuster.The mutual interference prevention function will not operate when the E3X-NA is used side-by-side with E3X-DA-N models.● MountingDIN Track Mounting/RemovalMounting Amplifier Units1. Mount the Amplifier Units one at a time onto the DIN track.2. Slide the Amplifier Units together, line up the clips, and press theAmplifier Units together until they click into place.Removing Amplifier UnitsSlide Amplifier Units away from each other, and remove from the DIN track one at a time. (Do not attempt to remove Amplifier Units from the DIN track without separating them first.)Fiber Connection and DisconnectionThe E3X Amplifier Unit has a lock lever. Connect or disconnect the fibers to or from the E3X Amplifier Unit using the following procedures:1. ConnectionOpen the Protective Cover, insert the fibers according to the fiber insertion marks on the side of the Amplifier Unit, and lower the lock lever.2. DisconnectionRemove the Protective Cover and raise the lock lever to pull out the fiber.Note:To maintain the fiber properties, confirm that the lock is released before removing the fiber.3. Precautions for Fiber Connection/DisconnectionBe sure to lock or unlock the lock lever within an ambient temperature range between 10 C and 40C.● Operating EnvironmentAmbient ConditionsIf dust or dirt adhere to the hole for optical communications, it mayprevent normal communications. Be sure to remove any dust or dirtbefore using the Units.● OtherProtective CoverBe sure to mount the Protective Cover before use.WARNINGPrecautions for Correct UseNote:1.The specifications for ambient temperature will vary according to thenumber of Amplifier Units used together. For details, refer to Ratingsand Specifications.2.Always turn OFF the power supply before mounting or removingAmplifier Units.E3X-NAAmplifier Units with Connectors● MountingMounting Connectors1. Insert the Master or Slave Connector into the Amplifier Unit until it clicks into place.2. Join Amplifier Units together as required after all the Master and Slave Connectors have been inserted.3. Attach the seals (provided as accessories) to the sides of Master and Slave Connectors that are not connected to other Connectors.Note:Attach the stickers to the sides with grooves.Removing Connectors1.Slide the slave Amplifier Unit for which the Connector is to be removed away from the rest of the group.2.After the Amplifier Unit has been separated, press down on the lever on the Connector and remove it. (Do not attempt to remove Connectors without separating them from other Amplifier Units first.)Mounting End Plate (PFP-M)Depending on how it is mounted, an Amplifier Unit may move during operation. In this case, use an End Plate.Before mounting an End Plate, remove the clip from the master Amplifier Unit using a nipper or similar tool.The clip can also be removed using the following mechanism, which is incorporated in the construction of the section underneath the clip.1. Insert the clip to be removed into the slit underneath the clip on another Amplifier Unit.2. Remove the clip by rotating the Amplifier Unit.Pull Strengths for Connectors (Including Cables)E3X-CN11: 30 N max.E3X-CN12: 12 N max.E3X-NADimensions(Unit: mm)Amplifier Units4-dia. vinyl-insulated round cable with 3 conductors (Conductor cross section: 0.2 Amplifier Units with Cables E3X-NA11E3X-NA11F E3X-NA41E3X-NA41F E3X-NAG11E3X-NAG41E3X-NA21E3X-NA51With Mounting Bracket Attachedside A.2. 4-dia. vinyl-insulated round cable with 3conductors (Conductor cross section: 0.45 mm 2, Insulator diameter: 1.1 mm), Standard length: 2 m.Amplifier Units with Cables, Water-resistant Models E3X-NA11VE3X-NAAmplifier Units with Connectors E3X-NA6E3X-NA8Dimensions with Master Connector ConnectedDimensions with Slave Connector ConnectedE3X-NAAmplifier Unit Connectors Sensor I/O ConnectorsAccessories (Order Separately)Mounting BracketsEnd Plates* The mounting bracket can also be used on this side.Amplifier Units with Connectors, Water-resistant ModelsE3X-NA14VE3X-NA44VWith Mounting Bracket AttachedRefer to E32 Series for details on Fiber Units.。
ES系列自动化传感器说明书
190DescriptionONSmall differenceESSeriesLong detecting distanceA separate amplifier gives the ES Series twice the detecting distance of self-contained proximity sensors.Detecting distance can be easily adjustedThe ES Series doesn’t need precise adjustments to sensor position during setup. Y ou canadjust the detecting distance using the adjustment trimmer after the sensor head is installed or during operation, when necessary.Featuresq Detecting distance twice that of conven-tional sensorsq Detecting distance easily adjustableq Wide range of sensor head types available q Built-in alarm outputDetecting DistanceShielded – Up to 8 mm Non-shielded – Up to 70 mmLong-distance Separate-amplifier Proximity SensorsLong-distance Separate-amplifier Proximity Sensors2.8 mm dia.3.8 mm dia.5.4 mm dia.5.4 mm dia.8 mm dia.8 mm dia.M10M10Shape Size Detecting distance ModelEH-110S EH-110EH-108EH-308S EH-308EH-305S EH-305EH-303A EH-3025 mm(2 mm)5 mm(2 mm) 5 mm(2 mm)3 mm(1 mm)3 mm(1 mm)2 mm(0.8 mm)1.2 mm(0.6 mm)5 mm(2 mm)2.5 mm(1.5 mm)Checking of part ID affixed to palletDetermination of transistor placementConfirmation of seating of piston to be drilledLong-distance Separate-amplifier Proximity SensorsPower supply OutputOutput mode Model ES-32DCES-X38N.O./ N.C. selectableN.O./ N.C. selectable NPN 200 mA (40 V) max.NPN 100 mA (40 V) max.10 to 28 VDC12 to 24 VDC de d l e i h S la c i r d n i l y C d e d a e r h T 203-H E A 303-H E 503-H E 803-H E 011-H E m m 6.0o t 0m m 8.0o t 0m m 1o t 0m m 2o t 0m m 5o t 0mm 2.1mm 2mm 3mm 5mm 8)s l a t e m s u o r r e f n o n r o f s c i t s i r e t c a r a h C e e s (s l a t e m s u o r r e F m m 5x 5m m 5x 5m m 5x 5m m 01x 01m m 01x 01m m 200.0m m 200.0m m 200.0m m 500.0m m 500.0m m 40.0mm 50.0mm 50.0mm 40.0mm 40.032+t a e c n a t s i d g n i t c e t e d f o )%02+o t 01-:203-H E (.x a m %01±°06+o t 01-(C °)C 76-P I 76-P I 76-P I 76-P I 76-P I 06+o t 01-°C 06+o t 01-°C 06+o t 01-°C 06+o t 01-°C 06+o t 01-°C g92.x o r p p A g83.x o r p p A g54.x o r p p A g74.x o r p p A g55.x o r p p A de d l e i h S d e d a e r h T n i h T t n a t s i s e r -l i O 411-H E A 416-H E 801-H E .1Long-distance Separate-amplifier Proximity Sensors ebu t l a r i pS;ded le i hS ded le i hs-noNl ac i r dn i l yC dedae r hT l ac i r dn i l yCdnal ac i r dn i l yCdedae r h tS53-HE S83-HE S11-HE24-HE614-HE mm1o t0mm2o t0mm2o t0mm3o t0mm6o t0 mm3mm5mm5mm7mm31)s l a t ems uo r r e f nonr o fs c i t s i r e t c a r ahCee s(s l a t ems uo r r eFmm5x5mm1x1mm1x1mm1x1mm2x2 mm20.0mm50.0mm50.0mm20.0mm210.0Long-distance Separate-amplifier Proximity SensorsBAIndicator lightsOptimal position Detecting range TrimmerTurns off when there is no targetTurns off when target is in placeES-X3810 to 28 VDCBrown Black12 to 24 VDCBlueOrange Sensor headShieldLoadLoad10 to 28 VDCBrownBlue12 to 24 VDCBlackOrange(Control output)(Alarm output)LoadLoad M a i n c i r c u i tInput/Output CircuitsES-X38NPNWith the target in place, turn the trimmer clockwise and find point A at which the output indicator lights. (If the output indicator is already lit, turn the trimmer counterclockwise.)With the target removed, again turn the trimmer clockwise and find point B at which the output indicator lights.Set the trimmer midway between points A and B. The output circuit will now actuate when the output indicator lights.NEAR-OFF operation1.With the target in place, turn the trimmer clockwise and find point A at which the output indicator turns off. (If the output indicator is already off, turn the trimmer counterclockwise.)2.With the target removed, again turn the trimmer clockwise and find point B at which the output indicator turns off.3.Set the trimmer midway between points A and B. The output circuit will now actuate when the output indicator lights.Both NEAR-ON and NEAR-OFF modes are availableNEAR-ON mode uses a normally open relay that closes when the target is detected. NEAR-OFF mode uses a normally closed relay that opens when the target is detected.Long-distance Separate-amplifier Proximity SensorsOperation mode selector switchUse a screwdriver to set the position of the operation mode selector switch, located in the lower part of the BOUTSENSMODEN.O N.CES-X38Output indicator Sensitivity adjustment trimmerNEAR-ON (N.O.)NEAR-OFF (N.C.)Operation mode selector switchB:NEAR-OFFOperation mode (N.C.)ES-X38:Set the operation mode selector switch provided on the panel.Sensor 0-2-1012D e t e c t i n g d i s t a n c e Y (m m )D e t e c t i n g d i s t a n c e Y (m m )Standard TargetX (mm)EH-302EH-303AX (mm)-1.51.5-1-0.50.5010.750.60.450.30.1510.80.60.40.250 %50 %100 %100 %Sensor headSensor headEH-308/308SEH-110/110S21.52.52.521.5100 %100 %t a n c e Y (m m )t a n c e Y (m m )100 %Detecting range (Typical)These graphs show variations in detecting distance measured by moving the target parallel to the sensor head for a distance 50% and 100% of the stable detectingLong-distance Separate-amplifier Proximity SensorsEH-422EH-430-15X (mm)976543211512.5107.552.50X (mm)-10-5510D e t e c t i n g d i s t a n c e Y (m m )D e t e c t i n g d i s t a n c e Y (m m )100 %50 %Sensor head100 %100 %EH-290EH-108504030201.51.2510.750.550 %e t e c t i n g d i s t a n c e Y (m m )e t e c t i n g d i s t a n c e Y (m m )Long-distance Separate-amplifier Proximity SensorsEH-614A654321Detecting distance adjusted to 5 mm using 40 mm steel plateAluminum CopperBrass IronStainless steelD e t e c t i n g d i s t a n c e Y (m m )Detecting distance adjusted to 5 mm using 40 mm steel plateCopperBrass IronStainless steelEH-40243.532.521.510.5D e t e c t i n g d i s t a n c e Y (m m )Detecting distance adjusted to 3 mm using 20 mm steel plateAluminumCopperBrass IronStainless steelAluminum EH-422EH-430161412108610.597.564.56 mm using 40 mm steel plate9 mm using 40 mm steel plate12 mm using 120 mm steel plateAluminum Brass IronStainless steele c t i n g d i s t a n c e Y (m m )Aluminum BrassIronStainless steelBrass IronStainless steel2468101214161820010012025201510540801201602002402803203604001.2510.750.50.25One side of target X (mm)One side of target X (mm)One side of target X (mm)D e t e c t i n g d i s t a n c e D e t e c t i n g d i s t a n c e AluminumCopperBrassStainless steelAluminum CopperBrassStainless steelAluminumHints on Correct UseWhen mounting the threaded-type sensor head, do not tighten beyond the torque specified in the following l e d o M eu q r o t g n i n e t h g i T 801-H E .x a m m •N 8011-H E .x a m m •N 01411-H E .x a m m •N 02614-H E .x a m m •N 02224-H E .x a m m •N 01034-H E .x a m m •N 01044-H E .x a m m •N 015 mm min.M3 screwLong-distance Separate-amplifier Proximity SensorsAmplifier unit (ES-X38)Sensor cable end treatmentSensor cable connectionsT o connect the sensorcable, insert the end of the cable through the entry port (1), tighten the screw (2), connect the core wire to the terminal (3), and then tighten the screw (3).• For connections to the EH-422/430/440/290, contact KEYENCE for more information.Use a coaxial cable to connect the sensor head to the amplifier. Limit the length of extension to within 10 m (5 m for models EH-302 and EH-402).Shielded-type sensors can be flush-mounted in a metal base. Sensors of the non-shielded type, however, should be mounted according to the guidelines given below in order to minimize interference from the surrounding metal.).n i m m m (D ).n i m m m (d 02510301540207520010306203Shield8610*Fold back the shielded cable over the sheath.(2)(3)(1)Long-distance Separate-amplifier Proximity SensorsUnit: mmEH-302EH-303A3 coaxial cable300012ø2 coaxial cableø2.8Long-distance Separate-amplifier Proximity SensorsAmplifier15717535.4686.578702 x ø4.5 mounting hole(1.5)ES-32DC3000ø5.4 coaxial cable Teflon® cap(For protection against welding spatter)Unit: mmOP-3108 (for EH-110) OP-3107 (for EH-114)1ø16ø20130002 coaxial cable3000ø3.2 coaxial cable Across-flats: 21, t = 4。
NETGEAR Nighthawk AC1900 WiFi 无线接入点数据表说明书
Nighthawk AC1900 WiFi Access Point Data SheetEX7000-1AZNASFeaturesThe NETGEAR ® Nighthawk ® AC1900 WiFi is a dual band 802.11ac 1.9Gbps wireless access point, ideal for the home and small businesses like coffee shops or dental offices looking for low maintenance, superior WiFi that is easy on the IT budget. Connect easily to DSL gateway, routers, or cable modems for instant connectivity. No mounting is required. With an easy setup, get maximum WiFi performance for all your devices in minutes.High-performance and Superior Coverage • Extreme dual band WiFi speed—up to 1900Mbps • Dual Core 1GHz processor enables max WiFi performance • 700mW high-power amplifiers for extreme range • 3 external antennas for maximum signal coverage Flexible Deployment with Simple Management • S mall offices with a single Nighthawk Access Point are provided with maximum throughput for the entire footprint • Dental offices with a few NighthawkAccess Points are provided with ubiquitous coverage with strong reception • Small hospitality sites such as bed & breakfasts enjoy easy setup and reliable connectivitySimple Connectivity and Easy Setup • C onnect simply to DSL gateway or routers • Web browser-based settings accessible on most devices • Optimize your WiFi network with the WiFi Analytics app for Android ® devices Comprehensive Security• Supports wireless security features (WPA, WPA2)• Web browser-based settings accessible on most devicesSample Deployment Use CasesSmall HotelsNighthawk AC1900 WiFi Access Point Data SheetEX7000-1AZNASNetwork DiagramSmartphoneLaptop PCVoIP phone Tablet2.4GHz frequency 5GHz frequencyNighthawk AC1900 WiFi Access Point Data SheetEX7000-1AZNASPhysical CharacteristicsPhysical Dimensions• Dimensions (L x W x H): 9.43 x 7.14 x 1.59 in(239.65 x 181.45 x 40.6 mm)Weight• Weight: 0.84 lb (385 g)Mounting• Desktop standable• Wall mountableRF CharacteristicsStandards• IEEE® 802.11 b/g/n 2.4GHz• IEEE 802.11 a/n/ac 5GHzFrequency Band• 2.4 and/or 5GHz 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac WiFirouter or gatewayWarranty and SupportWarranty• /warrantySupport• 90-day complimentary technical support* Security• WiFi Protected Access® (WPA/WPA2-PSK)and WEPInterfaces and IndicatorsPhysical Interfaces• Five (5) 10/100/1000 Ethernet ports withauto-sensing technology• USB 3.0 portPackage Contents• AC1900 WiFi Access Point(EX7000-1AZNAS)• Quick start guide• Power adapter• Stand• Three (3) detachable external antennas*90-day complimentary technical support following purchase from a NETGEAR authorized reseller.NETGEAR, the NETGEAR Logo, and Nighthawk are trademarks of NETGEAR, Inc. Mac and the Mac logo are trademarks of Apple Inc. Any other trademarks mentioned herein are for reference purposes only. ©2017 NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved.NETGEAR, Inc. 350 E. Plumeria Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1911 USA, /support D-EX7000-1AZNAS-0 Technical Specifications。
斩波稳零运算放大器原理介绍
Simple Chopper amp
10mV
A= -100
© 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation
Simple Chopper amp
10mV 10mV
A= -100
© 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation
2
© 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation
Chopper Amplifiers
• A chopper amplifier is a type of amplifier that exhibits precise outputs and low noise. • Also called Auto-Zero, Auto-Null, Ping-Pong, Stabilized and Commutated Amplifier. • A chopper amplifier is often a compound amplifier.
Simple Chopper amp
10mV 10mV
A= -100
0.5V
1V -0.5V
-0.5V -0.23V
© 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation
Simple Chopper amp (mo’ betta)
10mV 10mV
A= -100
0.5V
A=1 +
Vos
© 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation
How does offset hurt precision?
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The noise contributions in a balanced amplifier are explored in Fig. 1. Each hybrid directs a fraction, c , of the input power to the 0" port and the remaining power to the 90" port. The deviation from quadrature at the outputs is 0. To simplify the analysis the amplifiers are assumed to have similar gains but different transfer function phases. In practice this situation can be approached by selecting similar devices and by adjusting the bias. The power gain of the balanced amplifier (with the input terminated in a matched source and the output terminated in a matched load) is
A
BALANCED AMPLIFIER
A Cooled 1-2 GHz Balanced HEMT Amplifier
Stephen Padin and Gerardo G: Ortiz
Abstruct -The design details and measurement results for a cooled Lband balanced HEMT amplifier are presented. The amplifier uses commercially available packaged HEMT devices (Flljitsu FHROZFH). At a physical temperature of 12 K the amplifier achieves noise temperatures between 3 and 6 K over the 1 to 2 GHz band. The associated gain is 20 dB.
G = 2 g ~1- c ) ( 1+COS (
4)
To',,, gT0[(2c2 - 2 c =
+ 1) - 2 4 1
-
c)cos4]
+ gTa
(2)
-
-
where To is the physical temperature of the input hybrid termination and Ta is the noise temperature of each amplifier. The first term is the contribution from the input hybrid termination and the second term represents the noise generated by the amplifiers. Note that the noise from the two amplifiers is uncorrelated. The noise temperature of the balanced amplifier is
T "
-
G
To[ ( 2 2 - 2c
+ 1)
-
2 c ( 1- c ) cos 41 + T,
'
2c(l-c)(l+cos4)
(3)
The loss of the input hybrid can be modeled as an attenuator at the amplifier input. Loss in the output hybrid affects only the overall gain (and hence the noise contribution of the next stage). With an input hybrid loss L , the noise temperature of the balanced amplifier is
-ically cooled high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) amplifiers have realized noise temperatures as low as the operating frequency of the amplifier expressed in GHz at frequencies up to 43 GHz [l],[2]. These amplifiers have now become the standard for radio astronomy applications. Cooled HEMT amplifiers are also used as the first IF stage in millimeter-wave superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) and Schottky mixer systems. In these receivers the noise performance of the IF amplifier is very important because the mixer is usually lossy. Most millimeter-wave receiver systems built for radio astronomy use an L-band IF amplifier with a bandwidth of -500 MHz and a noise temperature of 4 K [3], [4]. In a typical 11.5 GHz SIS receiver, the IF amplifier contributes 30% of the total receiver noise. A bandwidth of 500 MHz is barely enough for observations of sources with high velocity dispersion and it limits the capability of systems which are able to observe several molecular transitions simultaneously. Increasing the receiver bandwidth by using a higher frequency IF amplifier is not viable because this would increase the IF noise contribution and degrade the sensitivity of the system. Our approach to this problem has been to develop a 1-GHz-bandwidth L-band cooled HEMT amplifier. The main problem in the design of a wideband cooled amplifier is obtaining s parameters and noise parameters for transistors at low temperatures. For this work no facilities were available for measuring low-temperature s parameters, but the HEMT noise parameters were measured at a physical temperature of 12 K. The absence of s-parameter information precluded the design of a feedback amplifier, so a balanced configuration was adopted. This has the advantage of providing a good input match even though the amplifiers in the two arms of the
(1) where g is the power gain of each amplifier in the balanced structure and 4 is the phase difference between the amplifier transfer functions. The output noise temperature with the input terminated in a matched source at 0 K is
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 39, NO. 7, JULY 1991
1239
[9] P. Edenhofer, "Electromagnetic remote sensing of the temperature profile in a stratified medium of biological tissues by stochastic inversion of radiometric data," Rudio Sci., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1065-1069, Nov. 1981. [lo] N. C. Haslam, A. R. Gillespie, and C . G. T. Haslam, "Aperture synthesis thermography-a new approach to passive microwave temperature measurements in the body," IEEE Trans. Microwaue Theory Tech., vol. MTT-32, pp. 829-834, Aug. 1984.