考研备考英语阅读突破——理解作者态度

考研备考英语阅读突破——理解作者态
度
该题型常问作者对某事是什么态度：主观(subjective)还是客观(objective) ;肯定(positive)还是否定(negative) ;赞成(approval)还是反对(opposition)等等。

解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。

若用褒义词，显然是赞成。

若用贬义词，显然是反对。

若客观陈述，则是中性的立场，不偏不倚。

注意：作者态度常常在转折词后表明出来。

所以，but一词至关重要(还有类似的yet, however, although, nevertheless等).
【举例说明】
这种题目对考生而言难度较大，迷惑性也较强，因为命题专家是针对整篇文章设问，考生很难找到具体对应的语言点，所以要把握整篇文章。

例如作者在谈一件事时是用反讽的口气，还是赞成的语气，此类题所给的答案选项一般是四个形容词，考生应在审题时就把握好这四个形容词所表达的意思，然后返回文章去寻找感觉。

特别提醒考生要牢记所遇到的构成作者态度题选项的每一个形容词。

做文章作者态度题时，千万不要把考生自己的态度揉进文章中，同时要注意区分作者本人的态度与作者引用的观点态度。

一、整体态度。

文章作者态度是作者说话的口吻，不是考某一个语言点，而是文章中数个语言点串起来的一根线给读者的整体感觉。

例如2002年55题:
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979—1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices average $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25%-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously
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squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the backbone of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70% and in 1979 by almost 30%.
From the text we can see that the writer seems.
[A] optimistic
[B] sensitive
[C] gloomy
[D] scared
本段开头用设问句引出问题，再通过严谨地分析，结合数字的对比，得出乐观的结论。

据此，我们可得知作者的态度从总体上是乐观的，积极的，故A为正确答案。

二、局部作者态度题，此类题目考查考生对局部细节所体现出的作者态度的理解，因此做此类题时，考生不能再像前一种态度题一样去找“感觉”，而应当回到文章局部上，落到实处。

例如1996年62题：
In the last half of the nineteenth century, “capital”and “labour”were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business! At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers. The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and E astbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to t he management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization. The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the wor kmen employed by the company in which they held shares, and their influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power
and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
The author is most critical of .
[A] family firm owners
[B] landowners
[C] managers
[D] shareholders
在谈到family firm owners 时，作者只是说：“通过雇用一大批专业人员，这一变化适应了新时代的技术要求，防止了效率的下降。

而效率的下降通常是家族公司在精力充沛的创立者之后的第二三代破产的原因。

”这是很客观的表述，在谈到landowners时说：“对资本与企业的如此大规模的非个人运作大大增加了作为一个阶层的持股人的数量及地位的重要性。

国民生活中这一现象的出现代表了不由个人负责的财富与土地及土地所有者的义务的分离，这也在同样程度上意味着(不由个人负责的财富)与经营管理责任的分离。

”也是很客观的表述，没有表明自己的态度。

C选项在原文中有两处提及，但都是指带薪经理，对经理并没有进行任何批评性评论，因而也不符合题意。

只有D选项对应原文中The “shareholders”as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good.“像这样的‘持股人’对所持股票公司雇用的工人的生活，思想和需求一无所知，他对资本与劳工关系没有什么好的影响。

”显然，作者对这种“持股人”持批判的态度，所以D是正确答案。

【学习指导】
考研备考的文章全部是来源于英美国家国内杂志上发表过的议论文，那么根据议论的特点议论的论点必须鲜明。

如果一个论点不鲜明的文章投稿的话，报社自然是不会采用的。

如果这个议论文谈论的话题是男女平等的问题的话，那么作者的情感态度必然是支持男女平等的。

因为我们考察的文章是议论文，这样就在某种程度上决定了我们在做情感态度题目的时候必须按照议论文的特征来解答。

议论文的特征也正是情感态度题的命题的逻辑的缺陷，成为我们解题的关键。

凯程教育：
凯程考研备考成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研备考，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研备考教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研备考服务。

凯程考研备考的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；
凯程考研备考的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；
信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；
使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研备考辅导机构；
激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；
敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；
服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。

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如何选择考研备考辅导班：
在考研备考准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。

师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。

判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。

还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。

凯程考研备考名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。

而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。

对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。

在考研备考辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2017五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。

在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。

对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研备考，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。

最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。

建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。

例如，凯程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研备考，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。

有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。

凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研备考机构实力的体现。

此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。