创新管理关键词中英单词对照表

众包crowdsourcing

创新innovation

发明invention

研究与发展Research and Development(D&R)

商业价值business value

市场价值market value

社会价值social value

三螺旋模型Triple Helix

创造力creativity

创业entrepreneurship

风险厌恶型risk averse

风险中性risk neutral

风险偏好型risk preference

创意产业creative industry

欧洲创新记分牌European Innovation Scoreboard,EIS

创新全球化GlobInn

创新政策innovation policy

风险投资venture capital

框架计划framework program

国家创新系统national innovation system

经济合作与发展组织Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 区域创新系统regional innovation system

可持续发展sustainable development

可持续创新sustainable innovation

可持续的竞争优势sustainable competitive advantage

绿色创新green innvation

技术创新technological innovation

购买者转化成本buyer switching cost

合资企业joint venture

能力破坏型创新competence destroying innovation

能力提高型创新competence enhancing innovation

互补complementation

顾客偏好customer preference

顾客不确定性customer uncertainty

工艺创新process innovation

产品创新product innovation

根本性创新radical innovation

模仿创新simulating innovation

合作创新cooperative innovation

自主创新self-dependent innovation

创新模式innovation model

技术推动technology push

需求拉动demand pull

双重驱动dual drive

开放式创新open innovation

封闭式创新closed innovation

网络创新network innovation

技术创业家technology entrepreneur

内部动力inner power

外动动力external power

非线性non-linearity

自组织性self-organization

技术标准technical standard

网络效应network effect

开发周期development cycle

主导设计dominant design

早期采用者early adopter

早期进入者early entrant

先动者first mover

报酬递增increasing return

报酬递增优势increasing returns advantage

增量创新incremental innovtion

在位者惰性incumbent inertia

学习曲线learning curve

市场份额market share

网络外部性network externality

跨国公司multinational firm

保护机制protection mechanism

独占性appropriability

版权copyright

专利patent

商业秘密trade secret

商标tradmarks

顺序开发过程sequential development process

标准战和设计主导权standard battle and design dominance 转换成本switching cost

潜在进入者的威胁threat of potential entrant

进入时机timing of entry

创新类型type of innovation

用户创新user innovation

完全开放系统wholly open system

完全私有系统wholly proprietary system

赢家通吃市场winner-take-all market

技术转移technology transfer

架构控制architectural control

技术能力technology ability

技术战略technology strategy

技术学习technology learning

技术引进technology introduction

创新外包innovation outsourcing

技术变革technology revolution

云计算cloud computing

创新网络innovation network

合作创新collaborative innovation

战略联盟strategic alliance

技术联盟technological alliance

产业集群industrial cluster

体验式销售experiential marketing

服务型制造service embedded manufacturing

服务价值service value

客户导向的价值customer oriented value

产品供应链products supply chain

服务供应链service supply chain

知识密集型服务knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS)服务创新链service innovation chain

开放式服务创新open type service innovation

服务创新过程service innovation process

轨道track

服务营销service marketing

互动营销interactive marketing

逆向产品周期模型reverse product cycle model

后向创新back innovation

前向创新forward innovation

外包outsourcing

离岸外包offshoring

境内外包onshoring

近岸外包nearshoring

技术驱动力technology-driven power

需求驱动力demand-driven power

竞争驱动力competitive-driven power

政策驱动力policy-driven power

知识服务产业Knowledge-Based Service Industry

STI模式science-technology-innovation

DUI模式Eearning by doing, using and interacting

渐进性创新incremental innovation

突破性创新redical innovation