Causes Of The American Civil War

The Real Cause of the Civil War——美国南北战争的真正原因

JennyAmerican History & Culture(14)Mr.Reiss2011/12/25The Real Cause of the Civil WarGenerations have been told that slavery was the cause of the Civil War. However, is that so? We should not deny that slavery was one of the causes but it was not the primary one since Lincoln did not promulgate The Emancipation Proclamation until a year after the war started and slavery was not completely abolished when the war ended. So I think slavery was more like a catalyst and the main reasons which led to the Civil War were the differences between their economy system and politic ideas and also the interference of Europe.At that time, the North was an industrialized area but their factories lacked free workers. Meanwhile, the Southern economy was relying on crops and enough slaves guaranteed the prosperity of their plantations. Thus if the slaves were freed, factories would run well because of sufficient labor while the economy of the South might be ruined because of the loss of their huge work force. In those days, people cared more about their interest so both sides argued to win slaves —to win workers. Also, because the Northern industry was still in the process of development, it needed a great many consumers to support their market. However, in order to save more money, plantation owners preferred cheap European goods. Therefore, the Tariff of 1828 was passed,which put high government taxes on imported goods. Congress thought that more people would start buying American-made products but this enraged the Southerners so much that the tariff was known as “t he Tariff of Abominations” and some of the states were even on the verge of declaring their independence. Finally a compromise was reached but the hatred remained. The conflict between the economic systems caused the North and the South to quarrel bitterly and it made their politic ideas different as well.Since the North was basically in-developmental capitalism, it desired a strong central government which could manage the order of business and trades. By contrast, the South was somehow still insisting on feudalism and to bring fortune to their later generations, slaves were constant valuable. Besides, since the Southern farmers had nearly nothing apart from their land they extremely relied on import goods. To decrease tariffs successfully, which was good for the South but hurt the North, they wanted powerful state governments so that the states could decide tax rates on their own and allow them to have slaves. And as I said, interests were what most people were thinking of. Jefferson Davis, as a senator, had once said, the North limited the development of slavery so that they could be the majority in the Congress. They were willing to sacrifice the profits of the South to develop New England’s industrial. His analysis was reasonable. So in this way, the Civil War can be considered as nation’s rights versus state rights, new social structure versus old one and Northern interests versus Southern interests.One other factor which could not be ignored was the involvement of Europe. AsBismarch said, “it was obvious that dividing America into two weak unions was predetermined by European financial powers before the Civil War had begun. America was the only country at the time which supported democracy and they did not want her to succeed and to be too powerful. And more importantly, there were always great profit waiting for bankers during warfare!As far as I am concerned, slavery was the ideology of the South’s economic system which was probably the most important cause of the war. People have long been used to associate Southern plantations with slavery and many arguments before the war were seemingly about slave fares while it was actually the economic interests which really mattered. However, the masses were easily misled by public opinions and few of them would feel obliged to analyze whether it was true or not. A sentence in Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address goes like this: “All knew that thisinterest(slavery) was somehow the cause of the war.” Isn’t he telling his people that slavery was the cause of the Civil War?Nowadays, the misconception remained still. The reason for this is that we now view slavery as more of a moral dispute and naturally think that people then thought the same which neglected the fact that most conceptions have been changed throughout the years. In today’s logic, a war starting for the abolishment of slavery was a war fighting for justice. Thus people did not think much about it and readily accepted it.The definition for “history” in the Devil’s Dictionary was: “An account mostlyfalse, of events mostly unimportant, which are brought about by rulers, mostly knaves, and soldiers, mostly fools.” Winners who wrote the history would not tell anything unfavorable to themselves and they were oftentimes good at concealing the facts. Most of the truth was hidden somewhere we probably would never know as well as the definite answer to this question. After all, there were so many things which were dealt behind closed doors!ReferencesWhat was the Tariff of Abominations?: Information from . : Wiki Q&A combined with free online dictionary, thesayrus, and encyclopedias. N.p., n.d Web.26.Dec.2011/topic/what-was-the-tariff-of-abominationsGe, Wu. "rainbowplan." Cause of the Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Dec. 2011./bbs/topic.php?topic=144183&select=ion/104986847 .html?an=0&si=2>.。

【托福考前必备资料】托福阅读背景知识-The Civil War

【托福考前必备资料】托福阅读背景知识-The Civil War在我们的托福备考过程中，想要提高托福阅读水平最好方法莫过于增加自己的阅读量。

而在与此同时，除了托福真题和TPO的一些练习之外，许多阅读素材中的词汇积累也是会为大家带来很多帮助的。

那么，下面我们就为大家带来一些托福阅读素材，希望能为你的备考带来帮助。

托福阅读背景知识(8)：The Civil WarCauses of the warThe American Civil War was fought between the northern and southern states from 1861 to 1865. There were two main causes of the war. The first was the issue of *slavery: should Africans who had been brought by force to the US be used as slaves. The second was the issue of states#39; rights: should the US federal government be more powerful than the governments of individualstates.The North and South were very different in character. The economy of the South was based on agriculture, especially cotton. Picking cotton was hard work,and the South depended on slaves for this. The North was more industrial, with alarger population and greater wealth. Slavery, and opposition to it, had existed since before independence (1776) but, in the 19th century, the abolitionists, people who wanted to make slavery illegal, gradually increased in number. The South#39;s attitude was that each state had the right to make any law it wanted, and if southern states wanted slavery, the US government could not prevent it.Many southerners became secessionists, believing that southern states should secede from the Union (= become independent from the US).In 1860, Abraham *Lincoln was elected President. He and his party, the*Republicans, were against slavery, but said that they would not end it. The southern states did not believe this, and began to leave the Union. In 1860 there were 34 states in the US. Eleven of them (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina) left the Union and formed the *Confederate States of America, often called the Confederacy. Jefferson *Davis became its President, and for most of the war *Richmond, Virginia, was the capital.Four years of fightingThe US government did not want a war but, on 12 April 1861, the Confederate Army attacked *Fort Sumter, which was in the Confederate state of South Carolina but still occupied by the Union army. President Lincoln could not ignore the attack and so the Civil War began.Over the next four years the Union army tried to take control of the South. The battles that followed, *Shiloh, Antietam, *Bull Run and Chicamauga, have become part of America#39;s national memory. After the battle of *Gettysburg in 1863, in a speech known as the *Gettysburg Address, President Lincoln said that the North was fighting the war to keep the Union together so that#39;ernment of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth#39;. In the same year he issued the *Emancipation Proclamation which made slavery illegal, but only in the Confederacy.Slaves and former slaves played an important part in the war. Some gave information to Union soldiers, because they knew that their best chance of freedom was for the North to win the war. Many former slaves wanted to become Union soldiers, but this was not very popular among white northerners. In spite of this opposition about 185000 former slaves served in the Union army. Women on both sides worked as spies, taking information, and sometimes even people, across borders by hiding them under their large skirts.In the South especially, people suffered greatly and had little to eat. On 9 April 1865, when the South could fight no more, General Robert E *Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S *Grant at *Appomattox Court House in Virginia.A total of 620000 people had been killed and many more wounded.The war was over but feelings of hostility against the North remained strong. John Wilkes *Booth, an actor who supported the South, decided to kill President Lincoln. On 14 April 1865 he approached the President in Ford#39;s Theatre in Washington and shot him. Lincoln died the next morning.The killing of President Lincoln showed how bitter many people felt. The South had been beaten, but its people had not changed their opinions about slavery or about states#39; rights. During the war, the differences between North and South had become even greater. The North had become richer. In the South, cities had been destroyed and the economy ruined.ReconstructionAfter the war the South became part of the United States again. This long,difficult period was called Reconstruction. The issues that had caused the war, slavery and states#39; rights, still had to be dealt with. The issue of slavery was difficult, because many people even in the North had prejudices against Blacks. The new state governments in the South wanted to make laws limiting the rights of Blacks, and the US government tried to stop them. Between 1865 and 1870 the 13th, 14th and 15th *Amendments to the *Constitution were passed, giving Blacks freedom, making them citizens of the US and the state where they lived, and giving them, in theory, the same rights as white Americans.Many northern politicians went to the South where they thought they could get power easily. These northerners were called *carpet-baggers. Both carpet-baggers and southern politicians were dishonest and stole money from the new governments, which hurt the South even more.In 1870 the last three southern states were admitted to the Union again, and in 1877 the northern army finally left the South. The war lasted four years, but efforts to reunite the country took three times as long.Effects of the Civil WarDifferences between North and South are still strong. In the South the Confederate flag is still often used, and the state flags of *Georgia and*Mississippi were made to look similar to it. The state motto is Audemus jura nostra defendere, which is Latin for #39;We dare to defend our rights#39;. The Civil War helped to end slavery, but long afterwards Blacks were still beingtreated badly, and race relations continue to be a problem. The South was so angry with the *Republicans, the party of Lincoln and Reconstruction, that southerners voted *Democratic for a century. The war showed strong differences between parts of the US, but many people believe that the most important thing it did was to prove that the US is one country.。

美国历史文化概况(英文版)UNIT (4)

Text A
American Civil War
TEXT A
Preview
南北战争，又称美国内战（American Civil War），是美国历史上一场大规模的内战，参战双方为北方资产阶级领导下的美利坚合众国（简称联邦）和南方种植场奴隶主领导下的美利坚联盟国（简称邦联）。这场战争的起因为美国南部十一州以亚伯拉罕•林肯就任总统为由而陆续退出联邦，而林肯下令攻打“叛乱” 州。但根源却在于南方种植园经济体制制约了北方资本主义的发展。此战不但改变了美国的政经情势，导致奴隶制度在美国南方被最终废除，也对日后美国的民间社会产生巨大的影响。
TEXT A
Notes
3. Border slave states: In the context of the American Civil War, the term border states refers to the five slave states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and West Virginia, which bordered a free state and were aligned with the Union. All but Delaware share borders with states that joined the Confederacy.
5. At the beginning of military struggle, the Northern States were poorly prepared for the war. And in terms of strength, the North didn’t enjoy much superiority. ( ) 6. During the first two years of American Civil War, the Federal Army suffered repeated setbacks. ( ) 7. The famous Emancipation Proclamation became effective on September 22, 1862. ( ) 8. The war ended in victory for the North and the Union when the Southern troops were hemmed in at Appomattox, Virginia. ( )

The_American_Civil_War

The
American Civil War
(1861–1865),

also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America.
The Civil War

Causes of the War
Both the outgoing and incoming U.S. administrations rejected secession, regarding it as rebellion. Led by Jefferson Davis, the Confederacy fought against the U.S. federal government (the "Union"), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states. Thus the Civil War broke out.
The Origin of Slavery
In colonial period, slavery developed almost side by side with the colonies. In 1619, the first group of blacks were brought into Jamestown, Virginia. Jamestown 1607年英国在美洲建立的一个殖民地,在弗吉尼亚州詹姆士河的河口处.
The Compromise of 1850
1.
2.

Civil War

Scarlett spends her young maiden years. She is well disciplined by her mother, but her blazing
green eyes always betray her covert capricious self; the one who enjoys parties and the
(the direct cause of war)
• Both the north and the south experienced major victories and defeats.However,by September 1864 with the talking of Atlanta the North had gained the upper hand and the war would officially end on April 9,1865.
lost culture revisited.
•
It is Old South, which today is no more than a dream remembered. People were once there,
living with the high strong slaves' songs in the quarters, in security, peace and eternity. Here,
novel was an instant success. And the story has been bestowed an even further reaching
popularity since Vivian Leigh presented a vivid translation to the screen of Katie Scarlett O'Hara, a

英文,美国内战的原因Civil War

Bettina ZhangPeriod 31.12.2012What are the main causes of the civil war?The American Civil War was from 1861-1865. The American north and south chose force to resolve a problem. Eventually, the union won the war and abolished slavery.There were three important causes for the civil war the economic, the abolitionist and the support from President.The first, the economic between the North and South were really differences. After the 1840's, the Southern economy mainly relied on farming cotton, because cotton is very profitable, people are willing to move from other crops to cotton. On the large slaves farms they brutally used many slaves to grow and harvest the cotton. But, the northern economy was rapidly developing and using factories. Actually, most factories raw cotton are from south and thy produce the clothes. Then they were have some problem, the South and Norther are totally different economic and they will have different in economic attitudes, for industry, agriculture and slavery. This problem was more and more evident, and finally the south secede from the union. But the union can not leave the confederate, the 11 Southern slave states, because they were purchasing from the south, this is them bace of economic.This problem brought on the war.The second reason is growth of abolitionist.The people in the north became more polarized disagreed with slavery and felt compassion for them, slaves are no paid for work, they had no right in the USA, and did not even have any freedom. The people in the north can't understand that why southerner use slavery, because northern have high population, they do not need slave. At that time a famous book was published and shocked most people in the north Uncle Tom's Cabin, it made more people oppose slavery, but if the United States abolished slavery, it would be a huge loss for the south. The slaves were a very important part of the south, because they needed cheap labour for their economy. The north and south had totally different opinions on slavery.The last cause is about support from President. In November 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected President. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln,south Carolina issued its "Declaration of the Causes of Secession." Eleven southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. Because they believed that Lincoln was anti-slavery and in favor of Northern interests, if that so the south did not have more support from the rest of the United States. This is the last cause for Civil War.Even if there are many causes for the war, people should still try to avoid war because of the losses suffered. People lost their families and home. War ruined their lives. I know there are still wars in the Israel, Burma, Somalia and so on, but if people were not greedy there would be no reason for war. However, I wish that people would be lenient with others and choose nonviolence to solve problems. Civil war is on important lesson, they 618,000 people died in the war. It is a terrible number for everybody, So I hope no force anymore and someday real peace will come.。

美国内战的原因作文英语

美国内战的原因作文英语Title: The Causes of the American Civil War。

The American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865, remains one of the most significant and tragic events in American history. This war between the Northern and Southern states had deep-rooted causes that ultimately led to the nation tearing itself apart. Understanding these causes is crucial in comprehending the complexities of this conflict.One primary cause of the American Civil War was the issue of slavery. Since the nation's founding, slavery had been deeply ingrained in the Southern economy and culture. The Southern states relied heavily on slave labor for their agricultural production, particularly in cotton and tobacco farming. However, as the Northern states industrialized, they began to view slavery as morally reprehensible and incompatible with the principles of freedom and equality upon which the nation was founded.Moreover, the question of whether new states admittedto the Union would be free or slave states intensified the tension between the North and the South. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 attempted to address this issue by maintaining a balance between freeand slave states, but they ultimately failed to resolve the underlying conflicts.Economic differences also played a significant role in fueling the tensions that led to the Civil War. TheNorthern states embraced industrialization and urbanization, leading to a more diversified economy based onmanufacturing and commerce. In contrast, the Southernstates remained agrarian, relying heavily on plantation agriculture and slave labor. This economic disparitycreated competing interests between the North and the South, particularly regarding tariffs, taxation, andinfrastructure development.Additionally, political disagreements exacerbated the divisions between the Northern and Southern states. Theissue of states' rights versus federal authority became increasingly contentious, with Southern states asserting their right to secede from the Union if they felt their interests were not being adequately represented. The election of Abraham Lincoln as President in 1860, with his anti-slavery platform, further fueled Southern fears of federal encroachment on their way of life.Cultural and social differences also contributed to the growing rift between the North and the South. The Northern states, influenced by a wave of immigration and rapid urbanization, embraced a more diverse and cosmopolitan society. In contrast, the Southern states remained deeply rooted in traditional agrarian values, with a hierarchical social structure based on race and class. These cultural differences further alienated the two regions from each other and fueled mutual distrust and animosity.Despite efforts to compromise and reconcile their differences, the escalating tensions between the Northern and Southern states ultimately culminated in the outbreak of the Civil War. The bombardment of Fort Sumter in April1861 marked the beginning of hostilities, as the Confederacy sought to assert its independence from the Union. What followed was four years of brutal conflict, resulting in immense loss of life and profound social and political upheaval.In conclusion, the American Civil War was the culmination of a complex web of economic, social, political, and cultural factors that had been simmering for decades. The issue of slavery, economic disparities, political disagreements, and cultural differences all contributed to the deep divisions between the Northern and Southern states. Despite efforts to address these issues through compromise and negotiation, the fundamental differences proved irreconcilable, ultimately leading to the bloodiestconflict in American history.。

有关美国独立战争原因的英文作文

有关美国独立战争原因的英文作文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys, do you know why the United States had a big fight with Britain a long time ago? It's because of the American Revolutionary War, also known as the American War of Independence. Let's find out more about the reasons behind this important event in history!One of the main reasons for the American Revolutionary War was the unfair taxes imposed by the British government on the American colonies. The British imposed taxes such as the Stamp Act and the Tea Act without giving the American colonists a say in the matter. The colonists felt like they were being treated unfairly and that their rights were being taken away.Another reason for the war was the lack of representation of the American colonists in the British government. The colonists felt like they had no voice in the decisions that were being made about their lives and their futures. They believed that they should have the right to make their own laws and govern themselves.The British government also passed laws that restricted the freedoms of the colonists, such as the Quartering Act, which required the colonists to house and feed British soldiers. The colonists saw these laws as oppressive and a violation of their rights as British subjects.The American colonists also felt a strong sense of identity and pride in their new country. They believed that they had the right to govern themselves and create their own nation, separate from British rule. This sense of patriotism and independence fueled their desire to fight for freedom.In conclusion, the American Revolutionary War was fought for many reasons, including unfair taxes, lack of representation, oppressive laws, and a desire for independence. The American colonists were willing to fight and sacrifice for their freedom, and their bravery and determination ultimately led to the birth of the United States of America.So there you have it, guys! That's why the American colonists fought against the British in the American Revolutionary War. It was a tough time, but it led to the creation of a new nation that values freedom and independence above all else. Pretty cool, right? Thanks for reading!篇2Oh, hi there! Today, I'm gonna tell you all about the American Revolutionary War, or the American War of Independence! It was a super important time in history when the 13 American colonies fought against Great Britain to become their own country. So, why did they wanna do that? Well, let me tell you!First of all, the colonies were super duper mad at Britain because they were being taxed without having any representatives in the British government. That means they were being told to pay money and follow rules, but they didn't have a say in any of it! That's like someone telling you to clean your room without even asking if you want to - not cool, right?Then, there was this thing called the Proclamation of 1763, which said that the colonists couldn't move west of the Appalachian Mountains. They were like, "Um, excuse me, we wanna explore and settle new land!" So, they were not happy about that either.Next, there was a bunch of other laws and stuff that Britain was making the colonies follow, like the Stamp Act and theTownshend Acts. The colonists felt like they were being bossed around and treated unfairly, so they started to rebel.Finally, there was the Boston Tea Party, where the colonists dressed up as Native Americans and dumped a bunch of tea into the Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act. That was like the last straw for Britain, and they started cracking down on the colonies even more.So, all these reasons - being taxed without representation, restrictions on where they could settle, unfair laws, and the Boston Tea Party - led the colonies to declare independence from Great Britain and fight for their freedom. And that's how the American Revolutionary War began!In the end, after a long and hard-fought war, the colonies won their independence and became the United States of America. It was a super important event in history and shaped the future of the country we live in today. Cool, right?篇3The Reason Why the United States Fought for IndependenceHey guys! Today I'm going to tell you about the American Revolution, which was the war that helped the United Statesbecome its own country. There were a lot of reasons why the American colonists wanted to be independent from Britain.First, the colonists didn't like how the British government was treating them. They had to pay high taxes on things like tea and stamps, but they didn't have a say in how the money was being used. They also didn't have any representatives in the British government to speak for them, so they felt like they were being treated unfairly.Another reason was that the colonists didn't like having British soldiers living in their homes. The British government made the colonists house and feed the soldiers, which made them really angry. They felt like their privacy was being invaded, and they didn't want to be forced to help the British army.The colonists also didn't like how the British government was trying to control their trade. The British put laws in place that forced the colonists to buy goods only from Britain, even if they could get them cheaper somewhere else. This made it really hard for the colonists to make money and provide for their families.So, the American colonists decided to fight for their independence. They started a war against the British in 1775, and after many years of fighting, they finally won their freedom in1783. The United States was born, and the colonists became proud Americans.That's why the United States fought for independence. It was because the colonists wanted to be free and have control over their own lives. And thanks to their bravery and determination, we have the country we know today. Pretty cool, right?篇4Oh wow, you wanna know about the American Revolutionary War? That's a super cool topic! So like, back in the day, the American colonies were all like, "Um, why should we have to listen to Great Britain and pay all these taxes? That's so not fair!" And King George III was all like, "Nah, you guys gotta follow our rules and pay up, or else."So anyway, the colonies were getting more and more fed up with British rule, and they started to rebel. They were like, "No way, we're not gonna take this anymore!" And then there was this big fight at Lexington and Concord in 1775, and that was like the start of the whole Revolutionary War.During the war, the colonies got help from France, Spain, and the Netherlands, which was super awesome. And then George Washington, who was a total hero, led the ContinentalArmy to victory against the British. And finally, in 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed, and the colonies were officially free from British rule. Yay!So yeah, the main reasons for the American Revolutionary War were stuff like unfair taxes, lack of representation in Parliament, and just wanting to be independent from Great Britain. It was a super important time in history, and it totally changed our country forever. Cool, right?篇5One day, the colonists in America were getting fed up with the British government. They were like, "Hey, why are we always getting told what to do by them across the ocean? We want to be our own bosses, thank you very much!"So, they started rebelling against the British. They were like, "No more unfair taxes! No more being treated like second-class citizens! We want our independence!"That's how the American Revolutionary War started. The colonists were all like, "We're not gonna take it anymore!" and they fought against the British army.They had some really cool leaders like George Washington and Thomas Jefferson who helped them in their fight for independence. They were brave and inspiring, and they never gave up even when things were tough.Finally, after a long and hard-fought war, the colonists won their independence. They were like, "We did it! We're free!"And that's how America became its own country. The colonists fought for what they believed in, and they never gave up until they got their freedom. And that's why we celebrate Independence Day every year, to remember the bravery and sacrifice of those who fought for our freedom.So, let's all be proud to be Americans and remember the spirit of the colonists who fought for our independence in the American Revolutionary War!篇6Once upon a time, in the land of America, there was a big war called the American Revolutionary War. It happened a long time ago, but it was very important because it helped America become its own country.So why did the war happen? Well, there were a few reasons. One big reason was that the people in America didn't like the British king telling them what to do. They thought it wasn't fair that they had to pay taxes to the king, but they didn't have a say in how they were governed. They wanted to be independent and make their own decisions.Another reason for the war was that the British were treating the Americans badly. They were making the Americans buy expensive things from England and not letting them trade with other countries. The Americans didn't like this because they wanted to be able to do business with whoever they wanted.The Americans also felt like they weren't being treated as equals by the British. They were being treated like second-class citizens, and they didn't think that was right. So they decided to fight back and try to become independent.In the end, after a long and difficult war, the Americans won their independence. They were able to create their own country with their own rules and their own government. And that's how America became the land of the free and the home of the brave.篇7Hey guys! Today I want to tell you all about the reasons behind the American Revolutionary War. Have you guys heard about it before? It's super cool and important in history!So, basically, the American Revolutionary War happened because the American colonies were tired of being treated unfairly by the British government. They were getting taxed a lot and didn't have any say in how things were run. They also didn't like having British soldiers living in their houses and bossing them around. That's not cool at all!Another big reason for the war was that the American colonies wanted to have their own independence and be able to make their own decisions. They wanted to be free from British rule and have their own government. They thought they could do a way better job running things on their own.Oh, and did you guys know that some famous people like George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were part of the American Revolution? They were super brave and fought really hard for the freedom of the American colonies.In the end, the American colonies won the war and became their own country – the United States of America! Isn't that awesome? And that's why the American Revolutionary War is soimportant in history. It's all about fighting for freedom and standing up for what you believe in. Cool, right?篇8Hey guys, do you know why the United States had a big fight called the American Revolutionary War? Let me tell you all about it!Back in the olden days, the American colonies were under the rule of Great Britain. But the colonists were not happy because they had to follow all these rules and pay taxes without getting a say in it. They felt like they were being treated unfairly, kinda like when you have to do chores but don't get your allowance!One of the big reasons for the war was taxes. The British passed all these laws that made the colonists pay taxes on things like sugar, tea, and paper. The colonists didn't like this because they thought it was unfair to be taxed without having a say in the government that was making the rules.Another reason was that the colonists wanted more freedom and independence. They wanted to make their own decisions and have a say in how things were run. They didn't like being told what to do by a king who lived far away across the ocean.So, the American colonists decided to fight for their independence and freedom. They fought against the British soldiers and eventually won the war. That's why we have the United States of America today!So, that's the story of the American Revolutionary War, where the colonists fought for their freedom and independence from Great Britain. It was a big fight, but in the end, the colonists won and got to be their own country. Pretty cool, right?篇9Once upon a time, a long time ago, there was a big fight in a country called America. It was called the American Revolution or the War of Independence. But why did this fight happen? Well, let me tell you all about it!The first reason for the American Revolution was taxes. The British government was putting lots of taxes on things like tea and sugar. The American people didn't like this because they didn't have a say in the government that was making these decisions. They said, "No taxation without representation!" They thought it wasn't fair to be taxed without having a voice in the government.Another reason for the American Revolution was freedom. The American people wanted to be free from the British government. They wanted to make their own laws and be in charge of their own country. They didn't want to be told what to do by a king who lived far away in England.The final reason for the American Revolution was independence. The American people wanted to be their own country, with their own government and their own rules. They wanted to be free from British control and make their own decisions about how to live their lives.So, because of taxes, freedom, and independence, the American people fought a big fight and won their independence from Britain. And that's why we celebrate Independence Day every year on July 4th! It's a day to remember the brave people who fought for our freedom and our country. The end!篇10Hey guys! Today let's talk about the American Revolutionary War, which was basically when the United States fought for its independence from Britain. So, why did they fight in the first place? Well, there were a bunch of reasons!One big reason was taxes. The British government was making the American colonists pay all kinds of taxes, like the Stamp Act and the Tea Act. The colonists didn't think it was fair to pay taxes when they didn't have a say in how the government was run. They even came up with the slogan "No taxation without representation" to show how mad they were.Another reason was the Intolerable Acts. These were laws the British passed to punish the colonists after the Boston Tea Party. The colonists felt like their rights were being taken away and they didn't like being bossed around by the British.The colonists also didn't like how the British soldiers were treating them. They felt like the soldiers were always watching them and trying to control their lives. This made them feel angry and scared.Overall, the American colonists felt like they weren't getting the respect they deserved from Britain. They wanted to be able to make their own decisions and control their own country. So, they decided to fight for their independence and that's how the American Revolutionary War started.In the end, the colonists won the war and the United States became its own country. They wrote the Declaration of Independence to explain why they were breaking away fromBritain and to declare their freedom. And that's how America became the land of the free!。

美国内战意义英语作文

美国内战意义英语作文The Significance of the American Civil War。

The American Civil War, which took place from 1861 to 1865, was one of the most significant events in American history. It was a war fought between the Northern states (the Union) and the Southern states (the Confederacy) over issues such as slavery, states' rights, and the preservation of the Union. The Civil War had a profound impact on the United States, shaping the country's future and leading to the abolition of slavery.One of the key reasons for the Civil War was the issue of slavery. The Southern states relied heavily on slavery for their economy, while the Northern states were opposed to the practice. As tensions between the North and South escalated, the issue of slavery became a central point of contention. The Civil War ultimately led to the abolition of slavery with the passage of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which declared all slaves inConfederate-held territory to be free.Another important issue that the Civil War addressed was states' rights. The Southern states believed in the concept of states' rights, which held that individual states had the right to govern themselves without interference from the federal government. The Northern states, on the other hand, believed in a strong central government. The Civil War resolved this issue byreaffirming the supremacy of the federal government over the states.The Civil War also had a significant impact on the country's future. The war resulted in the preservation of the Union and the establishment of the United States as a single, unified nation. It also led to the expansion of federal power and the centralization of government authority. The Civil War fundamentally altered the balance of power between the states and the federal government, setting the stage for the development of a more unified and cohesive nation.In addition to its domestic impact, the Civil War also had far-reaching consequences on the international stage. The war served as a turning point in the history of slavery, leading to the eventual abolition of the practice in the United States and influencing the global movement towards emancipation. The Civil War also demonstrated the United States' commitment to democracy and freedom, inspiringother nations to follow suit.In conclusion, the American Civil War was a pivotal event in American history with far-reaching implications.It addressed key issues such as slavery and states' rights, reshaped the country's future, and had a lasting impact on the international community. The Civil War remains adefining moment in American history, serving as a reminderof the importance of unity, freedom, and democracy.。

有关美国南北战争爆发原因的英文作文

有关美国南北战争爆发原因的英文作文The American Civil War: Unraveling the Roots of ConflictThe American Civil War, a pivotal moment in the nation's history, remains a subject of intense study and debate. At the heart of this conflict lies the complex interplay of social, economic, and political factors that ultimately led to the outbreak of hostilities between the Union and the Confederacy. To fully comprehend the roots of this momentous event, it is crucial to delve into the multifaceted causes that contributed to the outbreak of the war.One of the primary driving forces behind the Civil War was the issue of slavery. The institution of slavery had long been a contentious topic in the United States, with the Northern and Southern states holding vastly different perspectives on its moral and economic implications. The Northern states, driven by a growing abolitionist movement, sought to limit the expansion of slavery, while the Southern states, heavily dependent on the plantation economy, fiercely defended the continuation of the slave system. This fundamental divide over the future of slavery became a central point of contention and a catalyst for the conflict.Closely tied to the issue of slavery was the ongoing debate over the balance of power between the federal government and the individual states. The Southern states, fearing the erosion of their autonomy and the potential for federal intervention in their economic and social structures, increasingly advocated for the doctrine of states' rights. They argued that the Constitution granted the states the authority to nullify federal laws and even secede from the Union if they felt their interests were being threatened. This clash between the centralized federal authority and the states' rights philosophy was a significant factor in the growing tensions that ultimately led to the outbreak of the war.Economic disparities between the North and the South also played a crucial role in the events leading up to the Civil War. The Northern states had undergone a process of industrialization, with a thriving manufacturing sector and a diverse economy. In contrast, the Southern economy remained largely agricultural, relying heavily on the production of cash crops such as cotton, tobacco, and sugar, all of which were heavily dependent on slave labor. This economic divide led to conflicting interests and the perception that the federal government was favoring the industrial interests of the North over the agrarian concerns of the South.Political tensions and the rise of sectionalism, the growing divide between the North and the South, further exacerbated the situation.The election of Abraham Lincoln, a Republican who opposed the expansion of slavery, in 1860 was seen by the Southern states as a threat to their way of life. The Southern states, fearing the potential loss of political influence and the erosion of their economic power, ultimately decided to secede from the Union, triggering the outbreak of the Civil War.It is important to note that the causes of the Civil War were multifaceted and intertwined. The issue of slavery, the debate over states' rights, economic disparities, and the rise of sectionalism all contributed to the growing tensions that ultimately led to the outbreak of the conflict. The complexity of these factors underscores the need for a nuanced understanding of the historical context and the various forces at play in the events leading up to the American Civil War.。

美国内战的评价英语作文

美国内战的评价英语作文Title: Evaluating the American Civil War。

The American Civil War, often regarded as one of the most pivotal moments in United States history, evokes diverse perspectives and interpretations. Its significance transcends mere battles and political ideologies, delving into complex issues of identity, freedom, and nationhood. Evaluating the Civil War involves examining its causes, impacts, and legacies, offering insights into its enduring relevance.Firstly, understanding the causes of the Civil War is crucial. At its core, the conflict stemmed from fundamental disagreements over the institution of slavery, states' rights, and the balance of power between the federal government and individual states. Economic disparities between the industrial North and agrarian South exacerbated tensions, leading to secession and ultimately, armed conflict. Thus, the Civil War was not merely a clash ofarms but a culmination of deeply entrenched societal divisions.The impact of the Civil War was profound and multifaceted. On a human level, it resulted in unprecedented casualties and suffering, with hundreds of thousands of lives lost and families torn apart. Moreover, the war fundamentally altered the political and social landscape of the United States. The Union victory affirmed the supremacy of the federal government and abolished slavery through the Emancipation Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment. However, the Reconstruction era that followed was marked by racial tensions, economic upheaval, and the struggle for civil rights, underscoring the unfinished nature of emancipation and the quest for equality.Examining the legacies of the Civil War reveals its enduring impact on American society and identity. The war transformed the nation, shaping its trajectory towards industrialization, expansion, and global influence. Moreover, it left a lasting imprint on the collectivememory, fueling debates over heritage, memory, and commemoration. Monuments, memorials, and cultural representations continue to provoke controversy, reflecting divergent interpretations of the war's meaning and significance.In assessing the American Civil War, it is essential to recognize its complexities and ambiguities. While it ended legal slavery and preserved the Union, it also laid barethe deep-seated divisions and injustices that continue to shape American society. Moreover, the unresolved legaciesof the Civil War underscore the ongoing struggle for racial equality and social justice in the United States.In conclusion, the American Civil War occupies acentral place in the nation's history and collective memory. Its causes, impacts, and legacies reverberate through time, offering valuable insights into the complexities of war, freedom, and nationhood. By critically evaluating the Civil War, we gain a deeper understanding of its significance and relevance to contemporary issues facing American society.。

英语主题句怎么写例题

英语主题句怎么写例题3．1关于写主题句的建议1）要写合乎语法的句子Example 1：Two causes of the American Civil War．这个句子是个不完整的句子，不合乎语法，因此不能用作主题句。

Example 2：There were two causes that led to the American Civil War．重写后的句子合乎语法，是个较好的主题句。

2）要使用限写词限定主题为了正确表达观点，好的主题句经常使用关键词或词组，即限制词（controllers）限制这一观点。

Example 3：Air travel is more convenient than train for at least three reasons．从上例主题句我们得知作者将要写“air travel”（topic），他将要把“train”（aspect）和“ air travel”作比较，并且陈述“reasons”。

由此可见，作者在“aspect”（方面）和“reason”（原因）两方面限制他的主题。

3）要注意主题的可写性所定的主题不能太笼统，也不能太具体。

Example 4：In Hemingway's story “Soldier’s Home”，Krebs tells his mother that he wants no part of God's Kingdom．这个句子太具体以至于无东西可写，无法展开段落。

Example 5：In Hemingway's story “Soldier’s Home”，Kreb is a lonely，cynical veteran．这个句子可作为主题句，因为可以围绕“lonely，cynical”展开段落。

Example 6：Let me tell you something about overpopulation．这个句子太笼统，作为一个段落的主题太大，难于驾驭。

内战的起因 Causes of the Civil War 印度学生英语作文

Causes of the Civil WarThe infamous American civil war was fought between the years 1861 to 1865, between the more developed North American states and the lesser developed South American states.The main controversy based on which this war was fought was slavery. The southern states were in favour of expanding the scope of slavery, while the northern states fought against it.Long and Short Essays on Causes of the Civil War Essay for Students and Kids in EnglishWe are providing students with essay samples on a long essay of 500 words and a short essay of 150 words on the topic “Causes Of The Civil War” for reference.Long Essay on Causes of the Civil War Essay 500 Words in EnglishThere were various causes for the civil war to take place. Some causes were cultural, while some were political, others were economic. The Union between the north and the south was split based on several important factors. Although the major cause was slavery, when such a thing entered into the political sphere, the problemcame to the public view, which now required an immediate solution.The economic differences between the south and the north were tremendous. The south was labour intensive because it largely depended on agriculture. It mainly produced cotton which required considerable human resources. On the other hand, the north had products of innovative industries and relied on the manufacturing-based economy. The north never required such huge amounts of the labour force. This difference contributed to the conflict.The cultural differences between these two states were also huge. The north had a cosmopolitan society were life moved very fast. There was diversification in the infrastructure, and society was very modern. The south was the opposite in this respect. Here, the life of the people was slow-paced, and society was homogenous. The people in society were orthodox and loved their deep-rooted culture. Thus the roots of the civil war were largely colonial.You can now access Essay Writing on this topicThe two main notions that were in a tug of war was a radical abolition of slavery and pro-slavery. The north and the south were tied in conflict whether the states could decide what had to be done with slavery. William Lloyd Garrison was the voice of anti-slavery movement in the north, and he published “The Liberator”, which reached out to people far and wide. He was never in favour of compromise and founded the “New England Anti-Slavery Society” in the year 1832.Frederick Douglass became another famous leader of this movement, who was born a slave but later escaped to America. He was born inMaryland, which was a pro-slavery nation. He was an advisor President Abraham Lincoln, who also propounded the anti-slavery movement. President Lincoln, who won the election in the year 1860, was the first Republican president. He sincerely fought for the abolition of slavery and made amendments to the constitution. The south was dissatisfied with these steps. Seven states in the south supported slavery whole-heartedly. These states that were pro-slavery formed the Confederate States of America. However, this body was not legitimate in the eyes of the north and Lincoln.The idea of slavery had always kept the states divided. This war saw the victory of the north when president Lincoln made an executive order to free all the slaves. The Union Army, the largest organized army in America, captured all states, and finally, all the states were unified against slavery. This unification was through a common goal; to capture as many territories as possible and to make the slaves free of their bondage. This victory, however, came at a huge cost. This war saw a huge loss of lives, and the count reached almost 625000.Short Essay on Causes of the Civil War Essay 150 Words in EnglishIn the history of America, the civil war had contributed to many dark pages. This war was fought to free the long-lived reign of slavery. The northern and the southern states, who sat on two opposite spots of the spectrum about the subject of slavery, met in the battlefield. The roots of this war were deep and could be seen from a cultural, economic and political point of views.The gap between the two states, concerning the economy, culture and politics were tremendous.The north was a more prosperous nation, endowed with wealth. The life of people here was fast-paced; they had more money than they could keep. The agricultural south had an orthodox society where life was sluggish. The south supported slavery whole-heartedly, as the demand for labour here was huge. It was agriculture-based that required human resources. The north had the industrial base, which required more machines than men. These differences were largely at play behind the civil war.10 Lines on Causes of the Civil War Essay in English1. The civil war of America took place in the 1860s.2. President Lincoln led the Northern states.3. Lincoln supported the radical abolition of slavery.4. The earliest leader of the anti-slavery movement was William Lloyd Garrison.5. Garrison was the voice of ‘Abolitionists’.6. Lincoln supported voting rights for black people.7. Lincoln made contributions for racial justice. 8. Frederick Douglass was an outspoken leader of the anti-slavery movement. 9. The Union Army was the largest organized army of America. 10.President Lincoln released the Emancipation Proclamation.FAQ’s on Causes of the Civil War EssayQuestion 1.What is the Emancipation Proclamation?Answer:This proclamation that was released by President Lincoln ended the long term reign of slavery in South America.Question 2.When was the Emancipation Proclamation released?Answer:The Emancipation Proclamation was released in the year 1863, on January 1. This was a huge step forward for abolishing slavery in the heart of America.Question 3.Who led the Union Army and the Confederate Army?Answer:Brig, respectively led the Union and the Confederate armies. General Irvin McDowell and Brig. General G. T. Beauregard.Question 4.What is the Confederate States of America?Answer:It is the Union formed by the seven states of South America that were pro-slavery.。

13 The American Civil War-推荐下载

13, The American Civil WarQ: What were the causes of the American Civil War? What were the process and effect of the Civil War?A：•The causes of the Civil War•The process of the Civil War•The significance of the Civil War1.Slavery•Slavery in the United States first began in Virginia in 1619. By the end of the American Revolution, most northern states had abandoned the institution while it continued to grow and flourish in the plantation economy of the South.•In the years prior to the Civil War almost all sectional conflicts revolved around the slave issue. This began with the debates over the three-fifths clause at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and continued with the Compromise of 1820, the Nullification Crisis, the anti-slavery Gag Rule, and the Compromise of 1850.2. States’ rights•As the South recognized that control of the government was slipping away, it turned to a states' rights argument to protect slavery.•Southerners claimed that the federal government was prohibited from impinging upon the right of slaveholders take their "property" into a newterritory and also not permitted to interfere with slavery in those states where it already existed.3. Sectionalism and cotton trade•Sectionalism refers to the different economies, social structure, customs and political values of the North and South. It increased steadily between 1800 and 1860 as the North, which phased slavery out of existence, industrialized, urbanized and built prosperous farms, while the deep South concentrated on plantation agriculture based on slave labor, together with subsistence farming for the poor whites. Confederates counted on King Cotton for economic leverage on Europe.Territorial crisisBetween 1803 and 1854, the United States achieved a vast expansion of territory through purchase, negotiation, and conquest. Of the states carved out of these territories by 1845, all had entered the union as slave states: Louisiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Florida and Texas, as well as the southern portions of Alabama and Mississippi. These were balanced by new free states created within the U.S.' original boundary east of the Mississippi River, and the free state of Iowa in 1846. With the conquest of northern Mexico, including California in 1848, slaveholding interests looked forward to the institution flourishing in much of these lands as well. Southerners also anticipated garnering slaves and slave states in Cuba and Central America. Northern free soil interests vigorously sought to curtailany further expansion of slave soil. It was these territorial disputes that the proslavery and antislavery forces collided over.National electionsBeginning in the American Revolution and accelerating after the War of 1812, the people of the United States grew in their sense of country as an important example to the world of a national republic of political liberty and personal rights. In the world of 19th century self-made Americans, growing in prosperity, population and expanding westward, "freedom" could mean personal liberty or property rights. The unresolved difference would cause failure—first in their political institutions, then in their civil life together.The process of the War1861: Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter, a key fort held by Union troops in South Carolina. Lincoln called for every state to provide troops to retake the fort; consequently, four more slave states joined the Confederacy, bringing their total to eleven. The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland during the Baltimore riot of 1861 on April 19. Lincoln soon controlled the border states, after arresting state legislators and suspending habeas corpus,[7] ignoring the ruling of the Supreme Court's Chief Justice that such suspension was unconstitutional, and established anaval blockade that crippled the southern economy. The Eastern Theater was inconclusive in 1861–62.1862-1863: The autumn 1862 Confederate campaign into Maryland (a Union state) ended with Confederate retreat at the Battle of Antietam, dissuading British intervention.[8] Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal.[9] To the west, by summer 1862 the Union destroyed the Confederate river navy, then much of their western armies, and the 1863 Union siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River.In 1863, Robert E. Lee's Confederate incursion north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg.1864-1865: Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grant's command of all Union armies in 1864. In the Western Theater, William T. Sherman drove east to capture Atlanta and marched to the sea, destroying Confederate infrastructure along the way. The Union marshaled the resources and manpower to attack the Confederacy from all directions, leading to the protracted Siege of Petersburg. The besieged Confederate army eventually abandoned Richmond, seeking to regroup at Appomattox Court House, though there they found themselves surrounded by union forces. This led to Lee's surrender to Grant on April 9, 1865.The victory: All Confederate generals surrendered by that summer. While the military war had ended, and there was no insurgency, thepolitical reintegration of the nation took another 12 years, known as the Reconstruction Era. The war finally ended when a consensus was reached that Confederate nationalism and black slavery were both dead.The significance of the Civil WarEffect•Advantages•1. slavery was abolished and all black southern slaves were freed •Following the Union victory in 1865, three amendments to the U.S. Constitution brought about the prohibition of slavery, gave U.S. citizenship to the nearly four million African Americans who had been slaves, and promised them voting rights.•2. increased the federal power•The war and its resolution led to a substantial increase in federal power aimed at reintegrating and rebuilding the Southern states while ensuring the rights of the newly freed slaves.•3.promoted economic development•It enhanced economic development. It is the second democratic bourgeois revolution.•Disadvantages•1.caused great costs•The war produced about 1,030,000 casualties (3% of the population), including about 620,000 soldier deaths—two-thirds by disease, and50,000 civilians. Birmingham University historian J. David Hacker believes the number of soldier deaths was approximately 750,000, 20% higher than traditionally estimated, and possibly as high as 850,000. The war accounted for roughly as many American deaths as all American deaths in other U.S. wars combined.•2.The black people still cannot enjoy the equal freedom•But following the Reconstruction, throughout the South Jim Crow laws soon effectively disenfranchised most blacks and some poor whites. Over the subsequent decades, in both the North and the South blacks and some whites faced systemic discrimination, including racial segregation and occasional vigilante violence, sparking national movements against these abuses.。

英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)

第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

美国民权运动历史

• African black was first introduced the United States is in order to solve the problem of labor shortage，But due to the low level of education, to survive, they must rely on employment of white life, so the social status arelow,and the rights can not be guaranteed.This is the cause of the civil rights movement. • 非洲黑人当初被引进美国是为了解决劳动力短缺的问题，但是由于他们所受的教育程度比较低，迫于生计，他们必须依靠白人的雇佣生活，所以社会地位低下，权利无法得到保障，这就是民权运动的起因。
represent person 代表人物
• 马丁·路德·金 • 著名的美国民权运动领袖。 • 1963年8月28日，在林肯纪念堂前，发表了《我有一个梦想》的演说。 • 1964年度诺贝尔和平奖的获得者。
Seeking the real equality 寻求真正的平等
• time：1970-2013 • Since the 1970 s, the American black political participation has entered a new era of enhanced black political consciousness, political base to expand, significant achievements. According to incomplete statistics, since the 1970 s, became the black increased 6 times of government officials in the United States, 9000 people. • 上世纪70年代以来，美国黑人的参政进入了一个全新的时代，黑人政治意识增强，参政基础扩大，成就显著。据不完全统计，自上世纪70年代以来，就任美国政府官员的黑人增加了6倍，达9000人。

The Real Cause of the Civil War——美国南北战争的真正原因

JennyAmerican History & Culture(14)Mr.Reiss2011/12/25The Real Cause of the Civil WarGenerations have been told that slavery was the cause of the Civil War. However, is that so? We should not deny that slavery was one of the causes but it was not the primary one since Lincoln did not promulgate The Emancipation Proclamation until a year after the war started and slavery was not completely abolished when the war ended. So I think slavery was more like a catalyst and the main reasons which led to the Civil War were the differences between their economy system and politic ideas and also the interference of Europe.At that time, the North was an industrialized area but their factories lacked free workers. Meanwhile, the Southern economy was relying on crops and enough slaves guaranteed the prosperity of their plantations. Thus if the slaves were freed, factories would run well because of sufficient labor while the economy of the South might be ruined because of the loss of their huge work force. In those days, people cared more about their interest so both sides argued to win slaves —to win workers. Also, because the Northern industry was still in the process of development, it needed a great many consumers to support their market. However, in order to save more money, plantation owners preferred cheap European goods. Therefore, the Tariff of 1828 was passed,which put high government taxes on imported goods. Congress thought that more people would start buying American-made products but this enraged the Southerners so much that the tariff was known as “t he Tariff of Abominations” and some of the states were even on the verge of declaring their independence. Finally a compromise was reached but the hatred remained. The conflict between the economic systems caused the North and the South to quarrel bitterly and it made their politic ideas different as well.Since the North was basically in-developmental capitalism, it desired a strong central government which could manage the order of business and trades. By contrast, the South was somehow still insisting on feudalism and to bring fortune to their later generations, slaves were constant valuable. Besides, since the Southern farmers had nearly nothing apart from their land they extremely relied on import goods. To decrease tariffs successfully, which was good for the South but hurt the North, they wanted powerful state governments so that the states could decide tax rates on their own and allow them to have slaves. And as I said, interests were what most people were thinking of. Jefferson Davis, as a senator, had once said, the North limited the development of slavery so that they could be the majority in the Congress. They were willing to sacrifice the profits of the South to develop New England’s industrial. His analysis was reasonable. So in this way, the Civil War can be considered as nation’s rights versus state rights, new social structure versus old one and Northern interests versus Southern interests.One other factor which could not be ignored was the involvement of Europe. AsBismarch said, “it was obvious that dividing America into two weak unions was predetermined by European financial powers before the Civil War had begun. America was the only country at the time which supported democracy and they did not want her to succeed and to be too powerful. And more importantly, there were always great profit waiting for bankers during warfare!As far as I am concerned, slavery was the ideology of the South’s economic system which was probably the most important cause of the war. People have long been used to associate Southern plantations with slavery and many arguments before the war were seemingly about slave fares while it was actually the economic interests which really mattered. However, the masses were easily misled by public opinions and few of them would feel obliged to analyze whether it was true or not. A sentence in Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address goes like this: “All knew that thisinterest(slavery) was somehow the cause of the war.” Isn’t he telling his people that slavery was the cause of the Civil War?Nowadays, the misconception remained still. The reason for this is that we now view slavery as more of a moral dispute and naturally think that people then thought the same which neglected the fact that most conceptions have been changed throughout the years. In today’s logic, a war starting for the abolishment of slavery was a war fighting for justice. Thus people did not think much about it and readily accepted it.The definition for “history” in the Devil’s Dictionary was: “An account mostlyfalse, of events mostly unimportant, which are brought about by rulers, mostly knaves, and soldiers, mostly fools.” Winners who wrote the history would not tell anything unfavorable to themselves and they were oftentimes good at concealing the facts. Most of the truth was hidden somewhere we probably would never know as well as the definite answer to this question. After all, there were so many things which were dealt behind closed doors!ReferencesWhat was the Tariff of Abominations?: Information from . : Wiki Q&A combined with free online dictionary, thesayrus, and encyclopedias. N.p., n.d Web.26.Dec.2011/topic/what-was-the-tariff-of-abominationsGe, Wu. "rainbowplan." Cause of the Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Dec. 2011./bbs/topic.php?topic=144183&select=ion/104986847 .html?an=0&si=2>.。