C Programming Reference

C Programming Reference
Edited By:Xiang Yu
Date:2011-01-24
List of Keywords
ANSI C (C89)/ISO C (C90)keywords:
auto double int
struct break else long switch case enum register typedef char extern return union const float short unsigned continue for signed void default goto sizeof volatile do if
static
whlie
Keywords added to ISO C (C99)(Supported only in new compilers):_
_Bool _Imaginary restrict
_Complex inline
Specific compilers may (in a non-standard-compliant mode)also treat some other words as keywords,including asm,
cdecl,far,fortran,huge,interrupt,near,pascal,typeof.
Very old compilers may not recognize some or all of the C89keywords const,enum,signed,void,volatile as well as the C99keywords.
List of Standard Headers
ANSI C (C89)/ISO C (C90)headers:
<assert.h><limits.h><signal.h>
<stdlib.h><ctype.h><locate.h><stdarg.h><string.h><errno.h><math.h><stddef.h><time.h>
<float.h><setjmp.h>
<stdio.h>
Headers added to ISO C (C94/C95)in Amendment 1(AMD1):
<iso646.h><wchar.h><wctype.h>
Headers added to ISO C (C99)(Supported only in new compilers):<complex.h><inttypes.h><stdint.h>
<fenv.h><stdbool.h>
<tgmath.h>
Table of Operators
Operators in the same row of this table have the same precedence and the order of evaluation is decided by the associativity (left-to-right or right-to-left).Operators closer to the top of this table have higher precedence than those in a subsequent group.Operators Description Example Usage Associativity
Postfix Operators
()function call operator sawp (x,y)Left to right
[]array index operator arr[i].member access operator for an object of struct/union type or a reference to it
obj.member
->member access operator for a pointer to an object of struct /union type
ptr->member
(Continued:)
Unary Operators
!logical not operator !eof_reached Right to left
~bitwise not operator
~mask +/-unary plus/minus operators
-num ++--post-increment/decrement operators num++++--pre-increment/decrement operators ++num &address-of operator &data *indirection operator
*ptr
sizeof sizeof operator for expressions sizeof 123sizeof()sizeof operator for types sizeof (int)(type)cast operator
(float)data_int Multiplicative Operators
*/%multiplication,division and modulus operators
num_1/num_2Left to right Additive Operators
+-addition and subtraction operators
end -start +1Left to right Bitwise Shift Operators
<<left shift operator bits <<shift_len Left to right
>>right shift operator
bits >>shift_len Relational Inequality Operators
<><=>=
less-than,greater-than,less-than or equal-to,great-than or equal-to operators
i <num
Left to right Relational Equality Operators
==!=equal-to,not-equal-to operators
x !=y
Left to right
Bitwise Operators
&bitwise and operator bits &clear_mask Left to right
^bitwise xor operator bits ^invert_mask |bitwise or operator
bits |set_mask Logical Operators
&&logical and operator x !=0&&y !=0Left to right ||logical or operator
x !=
0||y !=0
Conditional Operator
?:conditional operator
size !=0?size :0Right to left
Assignment Operators
=assignment operator
i =o
Right to left
+=-=*=/=%=&=^=|=<<=>>=shorthand assignment operators (foo op=bar represents foo =foo op bar)
num %=10
Comma Operator
,
Comma operator
i =0,j =i +1,k =0
Left to right。