二、解题：
自考英语二各题型解题技巧详解
自考英语二考试各题型的解题技巧解题总策略：1.先易后难，舍难取易，不纠结难题；2.先将有把握的题选定答案，剩下的再仔细推敲，确实不会的蒙一个答案；3.不改答案，除非肯定原答案错误。
一、阅读判断1、根据问题找答案。
首先定位问题的出处。
找到出处后划下来，在旁边写上题号。
2、注意：阅读理解的问题通常会被转换表述，或被用同义词替换。
很少出现和原文相同的句子。
3、生词的处理方法：①通过上下文推测生词大概意思；②跳过生词不管，很多时候不影响理解。
4、每个问题基本上都可以根据下表的6个方面与原文进行比对：①1、2项没有提及则判定为“Not given”。
②单第2项没有提及通常也判定为“Not given”。
③1、2项都符合的话，则根据3-6项来判断，3-6的任何一项与原文内容不符都判定为“错误”。
如果问题中出现3-6项，但原文并没有提及，则通常判定为“Not given”。
④注意：考题当中的关键表述往往会被进行同义词替换或同义转述，通常与原文不相同。
⑤第一道题不大可能是“Not given”，就是说出题人一般不会第一题考课文里没有提到的内容，要么是对，要么是错，对的可能性更大。
⑥选项规律通常是：A最多，C最少⑦如果题目涉及“全部与部分”，部分符合判定为“正确”。
比如这样一个陈述：“白马黑马都是马。
”然后据此判断下面陈述对错：“黑马是马。
”显然这是正确的。
例如：原文：Many people own cars both in the city and in the country.在城市和农村都有很多人拥有汽车。
题目：Many people own energy cars in the country. →判定为True在农村有很多人拥有汽车。
阅读判断题历年答案统计二、阅读选择1、生词的处理方法：①通过上下文推测生词大概意思；②跳过生词，把握大意2、先看标题和看开头几句话或第一段，了解文章的主题，然后根据问题找答案。
酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠教案(精选3篇)
酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠教案(精选3篇)《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》教案篇一教学目的：1、诗歌中表达的愤激和沧桑感的思想感情。
2、体会诗中名句所包含的新陈代谢的自然哲理，以及现在对名句的新的理解3、对学生进行诗歌赏析的训练，学习写简单的赏析文章。
教学重点：通过朗读训练体会诗歌表达的意境和深刻含义。
教学方法：朗读、赏析课时安排：一课时教学过程：一、课本剧表演：情景表演激趣，导入新课。
时间：早上地点：扬州人物：刘禹锡、白居易。
（由学生们推选两个表演出色的学生来演）服装和道具：报纸折的唐朝的帽子两顶。
纸折叠的腰带两根；酒壶一个，酒杯两个，盘子一个。
表演背景：（由班上一个同学来介绍）：敬宗宝历二年（826）冬，刘禹锡罢和州刺史后，回归洛阳，途经扬州，与罢苏州刺史也回洛阳的白居易相逢。
相同的经历遭遇，使两人有了共同的语言。
席间，白居易把箸击盘吟诗一首，为刘禹锡的长期被贬鸣不平。
刘禹锡回忆往事，感慨万千。
咱们表演就从这里开始。
台词：白居易（略显醉态）：刘兄。
你远在巴山楚水凄凉之地，过着寂寞的生活，满朝那么多官员，唯独你多次被贬外任；我深知你才高名重，却偏偏遭逢不公的对待，这二十三年，你失去的太多了。
来来来！你为我倒酒，我为你击盘而歌！（边举杯喝酒，边用筷子击盘吟诵）醉赠刘二十八使君为我引杯添酒饮，与君把箸击盘歌。
诗称国手徒为尔，命压人头不奈何。
举眼风光长寂寞，满朝官职独蹉跎。
亦知合被才名折，二十三年折太多。
刘禹锡（眼含热泪）：白兄。
好久不见了。
如今物是人非事事休，你老了我也老了，青春年华就这样逝去了。
我在边远之地寂寞倒是不觉得苦啊！苦的是我满腔热情无处可施啊！白白在这个偏僻的地方浪费了我的青春！不过，我们还要往前走。
今天我听了白兄的一首诗，很是感慨！罢罢罢！我也吟诗一首来酬和一下。
(筷子击盘吟诵）：酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠巴山楚水凄凉地，二十三年弃置身。
怀旧空吟闻笛赋，到乡翻似烂柯人。
沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。
考研英语二新题型高分解题思路
考研英语二新题型高分解题思路理顺各段的逻辑顺序。
(1)在(一)中所概括的各段大意的基础上，寻找各段间的逻辑关系，将关系比较紧密的段落归在一起。
(2)其次，由于[A]的位置已经给出，因此接下来应该考虑的是与它相关的两个段落[B]、[F]的位置。
A是给出的已知答案，在分析BF放在两边的顺序。
[H]段段首出现了特征词it，就找与之相对应的段落，找出在文中找到所指代的词名词。
考生显然要先考虑首段。
首段的位置比较特殊，它是文章逻辑思路的起点，常常引出全文要讨论的话题或现象。
（1）空格出现在第一段中，应起到承上启下的作用预测空格处的内容应和段落主题保持一致。
选出与主题相符的选项之前，看一下选出的的这几项与下文有无联系，找出相似的词语，或同义词，再做排除即可。
（2）空格出现在段落开始，如有特征词的，并且表明与下文存在某种关系（比如递进、因果），与文中的内容很接近即可选。
（3）空格出现在段落开始，如果下文的的第一句话指出，相反的的假设。
由此可知，空格的论述应与下文相反，能够与之形成对照。
标题配对题中往往会给出主题词，由此可以预测文章的内容应包括什么。
(一)审题，读主题词。
(二)通读全文，了解大意，并判断小标题的作用。
略读全文，把握小标题和文章其他部分的逻辑关系。
(三)浏览选项，概括大意。
由于选项部分多是段落，内容相对较多，并且和原文是非等额搭配，因此可以先概括各选项的大意，将浓缩后的信息迅速地记下来，或者将各项中的重要信息划出来，以便解题时一目了然，与小标题一一对应。
(一)通读全文，了解文章大意，确定小标题的作用通过阅读各选项，进而浏览全文，把握文章主题关于什么的。
文章一开始描述了现存的一种现象，并对此发出疑问。
需要确定小标题也就是黑体字在文中的作用以及与上下文2之间的联系。
初步浏览全文不难发现，五个小标题都是简要概述。
标题下面的文字多是对标题的补充说明。
(二)浏览选项，概括大意。
这种题型中，由于选项部分内容可能相对较多，而且和原文是非等额搭配，因此可以先概括各选项的大意，将浓缩后的信息迅速地记下来，可以记在选项旁。
荀子《劝学》教案设计（公开课）
荀子《劝学》教案设计公开课荀子《劝学》教案设计（公开课）在教学工作者开展教学活动前，通常会被要求编写教案，编写教案助于积累教学经验，不断提高教学质量。
写教案需要注意哪些格式呢？以下是小编精心整理的荀子《劝学》教案设计（公开课），仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
【教学目标】1、理解并积累文言文部分重要实词、虚词的意义及用法2、学习本文运用设喻、对比的论证方法来阐述荀子有关学习的意义、作用和学习应持态度等道理3、探究“学习”的现实意义【教学重点】探究词义，理解文意【教学难点】学习设喻论证方法【教学设想】《劝学》是先秦儒家思想的最后代表人物荀况及其门人言论的著作《荀子》的开篇之作，是一篇论述学习的重要意义、劝导人们以正确的态度和方法去学习的散文文章旁征博引，娓娓说理，反映了先秦儒家在教育方面的正确观点，也体现了作为先秦思想的集大成者的荀子文章的艺术风格其中“学不可以已”这一观点对今人仍有教育意义文言文教学的基本内容应该包括三个方面：一是文言，二是文章，三是文化基于这样的认识，教学本文，拟从这三个层面入手：文言——文章——文化文言文语言层面上通过诵读，识记课文通假字，掌握“已、中、参省、假、生”等文言词汇，初步理解文言语句的含义文章层面上通过理解课文的语言特色、设喻论证来理清文章思路，把握文章的中心文化层面上分析文本中的文化内涵，探讨“学不可以已”对于今人的意义并获得生活启迪【教学步骤】一、导语设计由“青出于蓝而青于蓝”、“锲而舍之”导入二、解题：《劝学》，劝，劝勉；学，学习三、读课文，作文言积累一读，读准字音：（方法指导：通假字、易错字、生僻字、多音字）请学生朗读二读，读准节奏：（方法指导：以字为词，理解词义，准确译句）教师范读三读，读出语气：循循善诱、谆谆劝勉请学生朗读四读，读出语势：（排比、对偶句，使句式整齐，节奏和谐、变化流畅）感知句式整齐、读来琅琅上口的特点四、析手法，理文章思路1、在文章中，我们能看到生活中司空见惯的平常事物或现象这些语句是想讲什么道理？体会比喻句的作用2、这篇文章运用什么样的'论证方法？明确：以喻代议、寓议于喻的设喻论证3、这篇课文的思路是怎样的？4、小结（见板书）五、近荀子，明文化内涵1、简单介绍荀子《劝学》主张“学莫便乎近其人”2、“学不可以已”在当时有什么先进意义？通过比较，介绍诸子百家对待学习的观点的异同3、“学不可以已”对今人有什么启发？六、布置课后作业请你写一个比喻句，阐述知识的重要性再请你运用对比设喻的方法，阐述学习要勤奋或谦虚附板书设计：是什么：学不可以已喻证对比为什么：学习的重要性学习的作用怎么办：学习的态度和方法。
人教版高中语文必修一《烛之武退秦师》教案教学设计优秀公开课 (3)
《烛之武退秦师》第一大点.学情分析高一学生在初三备考的时候，恐怕对文言文已经有厌烦和畏难情绪。
本文是高中阶段的第一篇文言文，又是先秦历史散文，字词句疏通的难度很大。
如果学生只是一知半解，就谈不上知识和能力的迁移，还容易助长坏习惯，也会打消学生学好文言文的信心和积极性。
所以师生面对这样的文言文，只能迎难而上。
当然，篇章学习也重要。
本文篇幅不长，学生面对的文本作为第一手资料就那么一点，如果教师穿靴戴帽讲出几千字的微言大义，似乎有强加教师成见之嫌。
积学储宝，才是中国古代文学和史学力量之所在。
所以我更看重的是提出问题，激发学生的兴趣；严格要求，监督学生识记；拓展阅读，突破难点，培养学生的语感。
出于以上考虑，我对本课教学作出如下设计。
第二大点. 三维教学目标1.提出问题，补充材料，帮助学生消除文字障碍，积累词类活用实例，揣摩多义词在特定语境中的含义和用法。
2.学习本文精彩的人物语言——说理透辟，善于辞令，以及起伏跌宕，生动活泼的情节。
3.逐步培养学生准确复述课文信息，把文言知识迁移到别的文言文阅读中的能力4.正确认识烛之武说秦成功的关键不在于他的辩才，而在于他对当时国际形势的清醒认识和他利用矛盾，分化瓦解的策略。
5.学习主人公在国家危难之际，以大智大勇维护了国家安全的爱国主义精神。
第二部分、教学重点、难点：重点：准确识记和复述原文信息。
难点：词类活用、课文熟读与重点词语积累。
教学方法：1、布置预习：印发全文译文和重点词语用法意义解析。
学求学生熟悉。
2、设置问题，课堂上开展研讨与对话。
3、诵读，积累语感。
4、以训练题加强检测和督促，让学生积累重点实词虚词的意义和用法。
教学过程：一、导入。
1、“春秋无义战”，春秋时期诸侯为了追求更多的土地与奴隶,成为霸主,纷争不断,几乎每年都会有几百场战争, 战国时期的孟子认为这些战争都是毫无正义可言的。
我们今天在课堂上要讲解的就是春秋时期的郑国，大战在即后来大战又消弭于无形的历史故事。
英语二的完形填空解题技巧
英语二的完形填空解题技巧
解题技巧：
1. 题目理解：在开始做题之前，首先要仔细阅读完整篇文章，理解文章的大意和内容，包括主题、情节、人物关系等。
2. 上下文推测：完形填空题往往会出现一些具有双关含义或含糊不清的词语，这时可以通过上下文的暗示来推测出正确答案。
3. 词语搭配：注意词语之间的搭配关系，例如动词与宾语、形容词与名词等。
正确的搭配关系能够帮助我们筛选答案。
4. 逻辑推理：通过逻辑推理来判断正确答案。
有些完形填空题在内容逻辑上是呈现一种递进或转折关系的，我们可以通过这种关系来确定正确答案。
5. 语法知识：掌握一些基础的英语语法知识，比如动词的时态、语态的变化规律等。
通过对文章中的语法进行分析，可以帮助我们判断正确答案。
6. 上下文语境：考虑文章的整体语境，确定空格处应该填入何种词语。
有时需要理解作者的观点和态度，进而推测出正确答案。
7. 注意选项：在选择选项时，要对比各个选项与上下文的关系，判断它们是否符合语境的要求。
可以通过排除法逐一排除错误选项，再结合文章内容确定正确答案。
8. 多读多练：完形填空是需要阅读理解能力和语言运用能力的综合考察，多读多练，积累经验，可以提高解题速度和准确性。
高二数学题的解题方法和答题策略
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考研英语二新题型解题技巧
考研英语二新题型解题技巧摘要：一、考研英语二新题型简介二、解题技巧：1.选择搭配题2.排序题3.举例或阐述题4.小标题或概括句题三、提高阅读理解能力1.理顺文章逻辑关系2.把握文章线索正文：考研英语二新题型主要包含选择搭配题、排序题、举例或阐述题以及小标题或概括句题。
以下将针对这些题型提供详细的解题技巧。
一、考研英语二新题型简介1.选择搭配题：此题型要求考生在五个文中主要人物与七个选项之间进行连线搭配，找出能填充五个空白处的正确选项。
2.排序题：此题型将一篇500词左右的文章原有顺序打乱，要求考生根据文章内容和结构将所列段落（7-8个）重新排序。
其中有2-3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。
3.举例或阐述题：此题型要求考生根据文章内容，从六个段落中选择能填充五个空白处的正确选项。
4.小标题或概括句题：此题型要求考生在一篇长度为500词的文章中，从六个标题或概括句中选出最恰当的五个填入文章的空白处。
二、解题技巧1.选择搭配题：技巧：- 快速浏览五个人物及对应选项，初步了解人物观点。
- 仔细阅读文章，找出与人物观点相关的信息。
- 对比选项，选出与文章内容相符的人物观点。
2.排序题：技巧：- 快速浏览文章，找出已给出的段落位置。
- 理顺文章逻辑关系，如并列递进、转折、因果等。
- 根据逻辑关系和已给出的段落位置，将剩余段落排序。
3.举例或阐述题：技巧：- 找出文章中的核心观点。
- 分析选项，找出能支持核心观点的论据。
- 确保论点与论据的一致性，选出正确选项。
4.小标题或概括句题：技巧：- 分析文章结构，找出各个部分的主题。
- 对比选项，选出能概括文章内容的标题或概括句。
- 确保标题与文章内容的一致性。
三、提高阅读理解能力1.理顺文章逻辑关系：- 并列递进关系：如and、but、also、furthermore等。
- 转折关系：如however、while、on the other hand等。
- 因果关系：如because、since、as a result等。
2012年考研英语二真题答案解析完整版
详解1.【答案】B 从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。
其他都不符合题意。
2.【答案】B空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。
3.【答案】A 本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。
4.【答案】A necessities表示“生活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(食物和住宿)这些就是维持生存最起码的条件。
Facilities是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。
5.【答案】C not…but，“不是，而是”表转折，不是自愿兵，也没有高的报酬，而是一个普通人。
所以选C。
6.【答案】D这道题主要考查介词的搭配。
根据up______(the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌人，所以选D选项against。
7.【答案】C GI。
在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。
这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。
选C。
8.【答案】A 该句意思为，GI。
这个符号出现在给士兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。
Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，一代一代传下来”在句意上都说不通。
9.【答案】C 空所在句子的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，一个从未爬到社会顶层的人的名字。
Manage表示再怎么经过努力，最终也未获得成功，所以选C。
10.【答案】B结合第9题的分析可知，空所在句子实际上是进一步举例说明Joe 没有取得大的成就：从来都不曾出现叫做Joe的总统、副总统、国务卿。
数学应用题解题步骤详解与演示讲解
数学应用题解题步骤详解与演示讲解数学应用题一直是学生们较为头痛的问题之一。
这类题目不仅要求学生掌握数学知识，还需要灵活运用这些知识解决实际问题。
在本文中，我们将详细解析数学应用题的解题步骤，并通过演示讲解的方式帮助读者更好地理解与掌握。
一、题目分析在解决数学应用题之前，第一步是仔细阅读题目并对其进行准确的分析。
通常，这包括确定题目所涉及的具体内容和要求，以及从题目中获取必要的信息。
在这一步骤中，我们可以将问题中的关键词进行标注，以便更好地理解和记忆。
例如，假设我们有这样一个问题，题目如下：某商店正在举办一次打折销售活动。
原价为100元的商品以8折出售，请计算售价以及节省的金额。
我们可以分析得知，题目需要我们计算出折后售价和节省的金额。
其中，原价为100元，折扣为8折。
有了这些关键信息，我们就可以进入下一步骤。
二、解题思路基于题目的分析，我们接下来需要确定解题的思路和方法。
根据题目的要求，我们可以选择使用折扣计算公式进行计算。
该公式如下：折后售价 = 原价 ×折扣节省金额 = 原价 - 折后售价三、解题步骤有了解题思路，接下来，我们可以根据具体步骤开始解题了。
在数学应用题中，步骤的清晰和有序性对于正确解题非常重要。
下面是解决这个问题的详细步骤：步骤一：将原价和折扣代入折扣计算公式中，计算出折后售价。
折后售价 = 100元 × 0.8 = 80元步骤二：将原价和折后售价代入节省金额公式中，计算出节省的金额。
节省金额 = 100元 - 80元 = 20元四、解题演示讲解为了更好地理解数学应用题的解题过程，我们以一个具体的例子来进行演示讲解。
请注意，在实际解题中，我们需要将上述步骤进行运用，并结合具体数据进行计算。
假设题目是这样的：某学校购买了一批文具，总共花费了3000元。
校方计划以每套25元的价格出售给学生。
如果每套的成本为20元，请计算校方将有多少盈利。
首先，我们需要进行题目分析。
初中数学找规律解题方法及技巧
初中数学找规律解题方法及技巧通过比较，可以发现事物的相同点和不同点，更容易找到事物的变化规律。
找规律的题目，通常按照一定的顺序给出一系列量，要求我们根据这些已知的量找出一般规律。
揭示的规律，常常包含着事物的序列号。
所以，把变量和序列号放在一起加以比较，就比较容易发现其中的奥秘。
初中数学考试中，经常出现数列的找规律题，本文就此类题的解题方法进行探索：一、基本方法——看增幅（一）如增幅相等（实为等差数列）：对每个数和它的前一个数进行比较，如增幅相等，则第n个数可以表示为：a1+(n-1)b，其中a为数列的第一位数，b为增幅，(n-1)b为第一位数到第n 位的总增幅。
然后再简化代数式a+(n-1)b。
例：4、10、16、22、28……，求第n位数。
分析：第二位数起，每位数都比前一位数增加6，增幅都是6，所以，第n位数是：4+(n-1) 6＝6n－2（二）如增幅不相等，但是增幅以同等幅度增加（即增幅的增幅相等，也即增幅为等差数列）。
如增幅分别为3、5、7、9，说明增幅以同等幅度增加。
此种数列第n位的数也有一种通用求法。
基本思路是：1、求出数列的第n-1位到第n位的增幅；2、求出第1位到第第n位的总增幅；3、数列的第1位数加上总增幅即是第n位数。
此解法虽然较烦，但是此类题的通用解法，当然此题也可用其它技巧，或用分析观察的方法求出，方法就简单的多了。
（三）增幅不相等，但是增幅同比增加，即增幅为等比数列，如：2、3、5、9,17增幅为1、2、4、8.（四）增幅不相等，且增幅也不以同等幅度增加（即增幅的增幅也不相等）。
此类题大概没有通用解法，只用分析观察的方法，但是，此类题包括第二类的题，如用分析观察法，也有一些技巧。
二、基本技巧（一）标出序列号：找规律的题目，通常按照一定的顺序给出一系列量，要求我们根据这些已知的量找出一般规律。
找出的规律，通常包序列号。
所以，把变量和序列号放在一起加以比较，就比较容易发现其中的奥秘。
考研英语二阅读理解解题
考研英语二阅读理解解题Modified by JACK on the afternoon of December 26, 2020阅读理解解题流程Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert‘s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers asfaint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs animpressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‘s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a m arkedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Am erica‘s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.21. We learn from Paragraph 1 that Gilbert’s appointmenthas________.[A]incurred criticism[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is _______.[A]influential[B]modest[C]respectable[D]talented23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers_________.[A]ignore the expenses of live performances[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances[D]overestimate the value of live performances24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels ______.[A]doubtful[B]enthusiastic[C]confident[D]puzzledText 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he cameright out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal ofrunning a compan y.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It alsosent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn‘t alone. In recent weeks the executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plansin response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. Inthe third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according toLiberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can‘t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable tobe between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being ________.[A]arrogant[B]frank[C]self-centered[D]impulsive27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by ______.[A]their expectation of better financial status[B]their need to reflect on their private life[C]their strained relations with the boards[D]their pursuit of new career goals28. The word “poached”（Line 3, Paragraph 4）most probably means _______.[A]approved of[B]attended to[C]hunted for[D]guarded against29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _______.[A]top performers used to cling to their posts[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated[C]top performers care more about reputations[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules30. Which of the following is the best title for the text[A]CEOs: Where to Go[B]CEOs: All the Way Up[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more（and more diverse）communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of thetarget company at risk. In such a case, the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage withconsumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.may create “earned” media when they are_______.[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products32. According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature __________.[A] a safe business environment[B] random competition[C] strong user traffic[D] flexibility in organization33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media_________.[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of__________.[A] responding effectively to hijacked media[B] persuading customers into boycotting products[C] cooperating with supportive consumers[D] taking advantage of hijacked media35. Which of the following is the text mainly about[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It‘s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story. “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image onnewsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing It doesn‘t s eem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the childless. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like US Weekly and People present is hugelyunrealistic, especially when the parents are single motherslike Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own”（read: with round-the-clock help）is a piece of cake. It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.Senior suggests in her article that raising a child canbring______.[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting rewardlearn from Paragraph 2 that ________.[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining[D]having children is highly valued by the publicis suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks ________.[A]are constantly exposed to criticism[B]are largely ignored by the media[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their lifeto Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is ______.[A]soothing[B]ambiguous[C]compensatory[D]misleadingof the following can be inferred from the last paragraph[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing. Text 5Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in Ma rch. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo ofpeer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes –both new and old –are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the N obel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research – as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism –that is the culture of research, after all –but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as ______[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C] an example of bankers’ investments.[D] a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit ________[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves _______[A]controversies over the recipients’ status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35. The author believes that the new awards are ______[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 6“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS)，deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, andbusiness executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy, stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2 years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading collegesand universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive, ”or le ft-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance —as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative.[C] Contemptuous.[D] Tolerant.37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to ______[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education.[B] define the government’s role in education.[C] keep a leading position in liberal education.[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education.38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests _______[A] an exclusive study of American history.[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C] the application of emerging technologies.[D] funding for the study of foreign languages.39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are ________[A] supportive of free markets.[B] cautious about intellectual investigation.[C] conservative about public policy.[D] biased against classical liberal ideas.40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education。
考研英语二阅读的解题步骤及方法实用三篇
考研英语二阅读的解题步骤及方法实用三篇考研英语二阅读的解题步骤及方法 1段落排序题仍然是今年的备考重点，全部做对该题目的可能性微乎其微，所以就需要讲究方法，在考场上多快好省的确保拿到6～8分。
拿分要领为：答对首段(如果没有给)和第二段，以及已知段后面的一段，即对2-3个，剩下的，不要做了，直接选一个肯定入选但不确定排哪里的答案。
【解题步骤】1.阅读已经固定的段落如果固定段落是首末段，那么通过阅读首末段就可以得知整个文章的主旨大意，还要注意将已经确定的两个选项从卷子上划去，防止引起不必要的混乱;如果是首段+中间段，那也可以知道大意和文章部分内容信息。
但是，如果首段没有要先选出首段。
2.如何选首段首段的特点：1)首句不含有代词，不含有总结性、过渡性词(转折、因果、顺延等) 2)一般不含有最高级、第一或最后意思的词语，因为首段没有比较的对象。
3.阅读选项，尤其是首尾句。
给段落作初步的位置预知和组块考生做不到一次性排出来，能排出来的就排，一时定不了的，做如下工作：1)位置预知：含so, conclude 等表示结束的词，可能作为尾段。
但是也要警惕未必，总之还是要综合看。
2)组块：有些段一看就觉得应该一个前一个后，比如A段末提到. there are two branches.F段末提到了，the first one is...。
那么A 和F就属于明显的总分关系，应该前后连贯。
例如2010年的E段末出现了[E]... at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.而A段开头则是[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about...所以明显的顺序是E A。
人教版高中语文必修四第二单元第7课《将进酒》说课稿
《将进酒》说课稿一、说教材《将进酒》是编排在人教版高中语文必修四第二单元的一篇课文，本单元主要是学习李白和杜甫两位诗人的诗歌。
主要教学目标是：通过对比学习，了解李白和杜甫的创作风格。
李白、杜甫是唐代诗坛上双子星座。
李白的诗飘逸豪放、语言流转自然，具有浪漫主义风格;杜甫沉郁顿挫、语言极其精练，具有现实主义风格。
其中李白的《将进酒》是张扬个性的一首劝酒诗，学习此诗有助于同学更进一步理解诗人的思想及其诗风，由于此诗易有及时行乐、悲叹人生的消极思想，如何看待这种思想，如何理解诗人的狂歌痛饮。
通过对诗歌的学习，对同学们确立正确的人生观、价值观具有重要的现实意义。
高二阶段的语文学习，特别是古诗词的学习，不仅要求要读懂，还要求学生学会鉴赏。
因此，根据《高中语文课程标准》和《高中语文考试大纲》，要求学生鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧，评价作品的思想内容和作者的观念态度。
据此制定了本课的教学目标、重点、难点为：二、说教学目标1.知识与技能目标：(1)体会诗人感情的跌宕起伏;(2)鉴赏诗歌中比兴、夸张等浪漫主义手法的运用。
2.过程与方法目标：(1)培养学生声情并茂，准确传达情感的朗读能力;(2)背诵课文，积累古诗文名篇名句;3.情感态度价值观目标：珍惜现在的时光，培养学生勇于发表自己见解的勇气，引导学生确立正确的人生观、价值观。
三、说教学重、难点1.教学重点：(1)阅读诗歌、背诵诗歌、体味诗人感情的跌宕起伏。
(2)鉴赏此诗的比兴、夸张等艺术特色。
2.教学难点：这首诗整体基调是豪放的，但是诗中诗人的情感是复杂的，诗中一方面大喊“钟鼓馔玉不足贵”表现出蔑视权贵世俗的人生态度，一方面又高呼“天生我材需有用”的抱负，学生对此又是怎样看待的，由此引发学生的思考。
通过学生发表自我见解，加深对诗歌的主旨理解。
四、教法和学法1.教学方法：我采用朗读法，提问法，讨论法，对比法等，使学生动口动脑，积极思考，踊跃地参与到教学中来。
教学手段上，在传统教学的基础上制作七个多媒体课件，辅助教学。
一、古人对《陈情表》的评价
一、古人对《陈情表》的评价：1、苏轼：读《出师表》不下泪者，其人必不忠；读《陈情表》不下泪者，其人必不孝；读《祭十二郎文》不下泪者，其人必不友；读《报任安书》不下泪者，其人必不为人。
千百年来，人们常以忠则《出师》，孝则《陈情表》相提并论，可见李密的《陈情表》具有相当强烈的感人力量。
2、《古文观止》言其“历叙情事，俱从天真写出，无一字虚言假饰……至性之言，自尔悲恻动人。
”3、清代林云铭所缉《古文析义》云其“绝是一片至性语，不事雕饰，惟见天真烂漫。
”二、解题：见书三、简介作者：李密：（224——287）晋初散文家。
今四川彭山人。
祖父李光曾为蜀国太守。
自幼丧父，母何氏改嫁，赖祖母刘氏抚养成人。
历任蜀国从事、尚书郎等职，蜀亡后居住乡里。
晋武帝司马炎立太子后，李密被征为太子洗马，诏书累下，郡县逼迫，李密无奈便写下此文，表明自己要尽心供养祖母，以祖母年高无人奉养为理由婉言辞谢。
武帝览之曰：“士之有名，不虚然哉!”嘉其诚，赐奴婢二人，使郡县供其祖母奉膳。
李密是蜀国的臣子。
晋从魏曹手中取得皇权后，又灭了蜀汉政权。
蜀灭亡后，李密出于一种怀古的情绪，不敢轻易在晋朝为官。
由于晋是从曹魏政权手中“篡”夺过来的，羞于标谤“忠”节，因而以孝道为治国之本，李密侍奉祖母甚孝，故以“孝”名于乡里。
李密正抓住了这一点，大做文章，以达到暂缓去晋朝做官的目的。
李密为人刚正，有很高的外交才能。
刘氏死后，李密服丧满，为晋所用。
李密原是蜀汉后主刘禅的郎官。
公元263年，司马昭灭蜀汉，李密成了亡国之臣。
仕途已失，便在家供养祖母刘氏。
公元265年，晋武帝请李密出来做官，先拜郎中，后又拜为洗马(即太子侍从官)，晋武帝为什么要这样重用李密呢？第一，当时东吴尚据江左，为了减少灭吴的阻力，收笼东吴民心，晋武帝对亡国之臣实行怀柔政策，以显示其宽厚的胸怀。
第二，李密当时以孝闻名于世，晋武帝承继汉代以来以孝治天下的策略，实行孝道，以显示自己清正廉明，同时也用孝来维持君臣关系，维持社会的安定秩序。
考研数学二极限求解题技巧
考研数学二极限求解题技巧求解考研数学二极限问题可以运用以下几个技巧:1. 利用基本的极限求解公式：在解决数学二极限问题时，经常可以运用以下基本的极限求解公式：- $\\lim_{x\\to a} (k) = k$ （常数性质）- $\\lim_{x\\to a} (x) = a$ （同一性质）- $\\lim_{x\\to a} (x^n) = a^n$ （幂函数性质）- $\\lim_{x\\to a} (f(x) + g(x)) = \\lim_{x\\to a} f(x) + \\lim_{x\\to a} g(x)$ （加法性质）- $\\lim_{x\\to a} (f(x) \\cdot g(x)) = \\lim_{x\\to a} f(x) \\cdot \\lim_{x\\to a} g(x)$ （乘法性质）- $\\lim_{x\\to a} \\frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = \\frac{\\lim_{x\\to a} f(x)}{\\lim_{x\\to a} g(x)}$ （除法性质）这些基本的极限运算公式是求解数学二极限问题的基础，熟练掌握并灵活运用这些公式有助于快速解题。
2. 利用夹逼定理：夹逼定理是求解数学二极限问题时常用的重要方法。
夹逼定理的原理是：如果对于$x$在某个点附近的取值范围内，存在函数$g(x)$和$f(x)$两个函数，使得对于所有这些$x$，满足$g(x) \\leq f(x) \\leq h(x)$，且$\\lim_{x\\to a} g(x) = \\lim_{x\\to a} h(x) = L$，那么$\\lim_{x\\to a} f(x) = L$。
运用夹逼定理时，可以通过构造合适的函数$g(x)$和$h(x)$，将要求解的问题转化为求解$g(x)$和$h(x)$的极限，并找到它们的极限值。
3. 利用换元法：换元法在解决数学二极限问题时也是一种常用的方法。
大二数学复杂问题解题策略
大二数学复杂问题解题策略在大二数学学习过程中，我们常常面临各种复杂的问题。
这些问题可能需要更高级的数学知识和技巧来解决。
在本文中，我们将讨论一些有效的解题策略，帮助我们应对这些复杂问题。
1. 强化基础知识在解决复杂问题之前，我们需要确保自己掌握了必要的基础知识。
这涉及到复习和巩固我们在大一学期所学的数学内容。
只有通过扎实的基础知识，我们才能够更好地理解复杂问题，并找到解决问题的途径。
2. 分析问题分析问题是解决复杂数学问题的关键步骤。
我们需要仔细审视问题的要求，明确所给条件和我们需要求解的内容。
通过分析问题，我们可以找到解题的方向，并确定所需的数学概念和方法。
3. 创造性思维面对复杂问题，我们需要培养创造性思维，灵活运用已学的数学知识。
我们可以尝试将问题与已学概念联系起来，寻找新的解决思路。
通过培养创造性思维，我们可以更好地应对复杂问题，找到更高效的解题方法。
4. 分解问题复杂问题常常可以通过分解为若干小问题来解决。
我们可以将一个复杂的问题划分为几个相对简单的子问题，然后逐个解决。
这样可以使问题的解决过程更清晰，也更容易找到解决方案。
5. 寻求帮助当我们遇到难以解决的复杂问题时，不要害怕寻求帮助。
可以请教老师、同学或者参考相关的数学书籍和资料。
他人可能会给予我们新的思路和解题方法，帮助我们找到问题的答案。
6. 多做习题在学习数学中，多做习题是提高解题能力的重要途径。
通过反复练习，我们可以熟悉各种解题方法和技巧，提升解题的效率和准确性。
同时，多做习题还可以帮助我们发现和理解一些常见的解题模式和规律。
7. 总结经验每当我们解决一个复杂问题时，应该及时总结自己的经验。
我们可以记录解题过程中遇到的困难和解决方案，以便今后遇到类似问题时能够更快地解决。
通过总结经验，我们可以逐渐积累解题的技巧和策略。
总结：在大二数学学习中，我们会面对各种复杂的问题。
通过强化基础知识、分析问题、培养创造性思维、分解问题、寻求帮助、多做习题和总结经验等解题策略，我们可以更好地应对这些复杂问题。
梦游天姥吟留别教案一等奖
梦游天姥吟留别教案一等奖这是梦游天姥吟留别教案一等奖，是优秀的高中语文必修上册教案文章，供老师家长们参考学习。
梦游天姥吟留别教案一等奖第1篇教学目的:1.初步认识李白诗歌的艺术特色;2. 领悟作者的思想感情。
教学重点:初步体会李白浪漫主义创作方法的基本特点。
教学难点:认识李白的“游仙”之念表现了他不事权贵的傲岸性格,也是他对黑暗现实消极反抗的表示。
主要教法:诵读法、讨论法。
课时安排:2课时第一课时一、作者及背景介绍:李白(701--762),字太白,号青莲居士,唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人。
被称为“诗仙”,李白是个有远大政治抱负的人,“安世济民”是他一生的愿望。
公元472年,经友人推荐,被唐玄宗征召进京。
他兴高采烈,认为实现“济苍生”、“安社稷”的时机已经到来。
但到了长安,任了个侍御闲职。
当时的最高封建统治集团昏庸腐败,李白不甘趋炎附势,招致了权贵的谗毁,不到三年 (公元744年)唐玄宗以“赐金还乡”为名,把他赶出了长安。
天宝四年秋 (公元745年),他南下准备再游吴越时写下这首诗留给友人,借以排遗内心的悲愤,对世俗权贵的蔑视,对理想世界的追求。
二、解题:“吟”本指吟咏,即作诗。
以后作为一种诗体的名称。
“留别”是临行前留下这首诗向朋友话别的意思。
另名《别东鲁诸公》或《梦游天姥山别东鲁诸公》。
( )航海归来的人谈到海中仙山瀛洲,(大海)烟波浩渺(瀛洲)实在难以寻求;越地人谈到天姥山,云霞忽明忽暗有时能够目睹。
分析: 一难求,一可见,梦游有现实基础。
( )天姥山直插云霄遮断天空,山势高过五岳,遮蔽了赤城。
那高达一万八千丈的天台山,对它象要拜倒,向东南方倾斜。
分析: 以附近极高的天台山相比,更见天姥山的气势不凡。
第一自然段: 写天姥山的位置和地势。
( )我想依据越人的介绍,梦游吴越,一夜之间就飞过洒满月光的镜湖。
分析: 开始梦游。
( )湖光月色照着我的身影,送我到美丽的剡溪。
谢灵运住过的地方现今还在,清清的溪水荡漾,猿猴的啼声凄清。
考研英语二阅读理解解题
考研英语二阅读理解解题文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]阅读理解解题流程Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert‘s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor abo ut him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers asfaint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‘s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a m arkedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Am erica‘s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.21. We learn from Paragraph 1 that Gilbert’s appointmenthas________.[A]incurred criticism[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is _______.[A]influential[B]modest[C]respectable[D]talented23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers_________.[A]ignore the expenses of live performances[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances[D]overestimate the value of live performances24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings？[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels ______.[A]doubtful[B]enthusiastic[C]confident[D]puzzledText 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Ratherthan cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he cameright out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal ofrunning a compan y.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It alsosent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn‘t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives whodon’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious ofletting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. Inthe third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhuntershave adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEOcandidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can‘t think of a singlesearch I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to lookat sitting C EOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being ________.[A]arrogant[B]frank[C]self-centered[D]impulsive27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by ______.[A]their expectation of better financial status[B]their need to reflect on their private life[C]their strained relations with the boards[D]their pursuit of new career goals28. The word “poached”（Line 3, Paragraph 4）most probably means _______.[A]approved of[B]attended to[C]hunted for[D]guarded against29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _______.[A]top performers used to cling to their posts[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated[C]top performers care more about reputations[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules30. Which of the following is the best title for the text？[A]CEOs: Where to Go[B]CEOs: All the Way Up[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expa nd user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more（and more diverse）communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations abouta brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of thetarget company at risk. In such a case, the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are_______.[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products32. According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature __________.[A] a safe business environment[B] random competition[C] strong user traffic[D] flexibility in organization33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media_________.[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of__________.[A] responding effectively to hijacked media[B] persuading customers into boycotting products[C] cooperating with supportive consumers[D] taking advantage of hijacked media35. Which of the following is the text mainly about[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It‘s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story. “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing It doesn‘t seem quite fai r, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the childless. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like US Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single motherslike Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parentsare the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on;yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own”（read: with round-the-clock help）is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it lookso glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthoodaren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring______.[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining[D]having children is highly valued by the public38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks ________.[A]are constantly exposed to criticism[B]are largely ignored by the media[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is ______.[A]soothing[B]ambiguous[C]compensatory[D]misleading40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph？[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Text 5Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in Ma rch. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes –both new and old –are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the N obel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, haslong been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research – as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism –that is the culture of research, after all –but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as ______[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C] an example of bankers’ investments.[D] a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit ________[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves _______[A]controversies over the recipients’ status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35. The author believes that the new awards are ______[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 6“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS)，deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy, stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater studyof foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2? years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades Ameri ca’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive, ”or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance —as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report[A] Critical[B] Appreciative.[C] Contemptuous.[D] Tolerant.37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to ______[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education.[B] define the government’s role in education.[C] keep a leading position in liberal education.[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education.38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests _______[A] an exclusive study of American history.[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C] the application of emerging technologies.[D] funding for the study of foreign languages.39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are ________[A] supportive of free markets.[B] cautious about intellectual investigation.[C] conservative about public policy.[D] biased against classical liberal ideas.40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education。
《宋史·张叔夜传》阅读答案附翻译
《宋史·张叔夜传》阅读答案附翻译在日常学习、工作生活中，我们总免不了要接触或使用阅读答案，借助阅读答案我们可以分析自己学习过程中的得与失。
你知道什么样的阅读答案才能切实地帮助到我们吗？以下是小编收集整理的《宋史·张叔夜传》阅读答案附翻译，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
张叔夜字嵇仲，侍中耆孙也。
以荫为兰州录事参军。
献所为文，知舒、海、泰三州。
大观中，为库部员外郎、开封少尹。
复献文，召试制诰，赐进士出身，迁右司员外郎。
使辽，宴射，首中的。
辽人叹诧，求观所引弓，以无故事，拒不与。
还，图其山川、城郭、服器、仪范为五篇，上之。
从弟克公弹蔡京，京迁怒叔夜，摭司存微过，贬监西安草场。
久之，召为秘书少监，擢给事中。
进礼部侍郎，又为京所忌，以徽猷阁待制再知海州。
宋江起河朔，转略十郡，官军莫敢婴其锋。
声言将至，叔夜使间者觇所向，贼径趋海濒，劫钜舟十余，载掳获。
于是募死士得千人，设伏近城，而出轻兵距海，诱之战。
先匿壮卒海旁，伺兵合，举火焚其舟。
贼闻之，皆无斗志，伏兵乘之，擒其副贼，江乃降。
靖康改元，金人南下，叔夜再上章乞假骑兵，与诸将并力断其归路，不报。
徙邓州。
四道置帅，叔夜领南道都总管。
金兵再至，钦宗手札趣入卫。
即自将中军，子伯奋将前军，仲熊将后军，合三万人，翌日上道。
十一月晦，至都，帝御南薰门见之，军容甚整。
入对，言贼锋方锐，愿如唐明皇之避禄山，暂诣襄阳以图幸雍。
帝颔之。
闰月，帝登城，叔夜陈兵玉津园，铠甲光明，拜舞城下。
帝益喜，进资政殿学士，令以兵入城，俄签书枢密院。
连四日，与金人大战，斩其金环贵将二人。
帝遣使赍蜡书，以褒宠叔夜之事檄告诸道，然迄无赴者。
城陷，叔夜被创，犹父子力战。
车驾再出郊帝曰朕为生灵之故不得不亲往叔夜号恸再拜众皆哭帝回首字之曰嵇仲努力金人议立异姓，叔夜谓孙傅曰：“今日之事，有死而已。
”移书二帅，请立太子以从民望。
二帅怒，追赴军中，至则抗请如初，遂从以北。
道中不食粟，唯时饮汤。
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可见
鲁四老爷是一个理学的忠实信徒
是一个封建礼教地卫道士
②、 "事理通达心气和平"半幅对联
另半幅对联的上联是："品节鲜明德行坚定"
按理说
鲁四老爷各"讲理学的老监生"在快新年之际
该把书房整理整理
为什么脱落的半幅对联不挂上去呢？是忙不过来吗？可以让柳妈等人去干
可见在鲁四老爷的心目中
值得拥有的资料
是来自平时学习积累总结的
有问题的地方肯定有的
还请大家批评指正！
二、解题：
1、写于1924年2月4日 最初发表在同年3月25日Fra bibliotek《东方杂志》上
1928年编入短篇小说集《彷徨》
是该集的第一部
2、小说的背景是浙江绍兴一代的农村
这时祝福的全过程才算结束
可见
祭祀、祭祖和祝福是不能混为一谈的
在祝福时
封建宗法思想和反动伦理观念表现得最为强烈
3、以"祝福"为题的用意：
①、"祝福"是不是只限于富人？--祝福的普遍
②、准备福礼的认识不是只限于像祥林嫂这些"廉价奴隶"？--祝福的重要
③、祭拜的是不是所有的人？--歧视妇女
闻死：大骂--冷酷、自私
小结：鲁四老爷是一个封建礼教的卫道士
是理学的忠实（对自己又里）而虚伪（对自己不里）的信徒
对劳动人们残酷剥削、冷酷、自私
3、用课文或自己的话给插图加一个题目--中年老妪图
四十岁左右的中年妇女
按照生命的自然法则正是年富力强之际
而外貌于实际年龄存在巨大差距
那双灰暗的眸子反射不出一丝光来
外面世界仿佛被这两个黑白相间的东西吸了进去
吸入了她那破碎的心
吸入了地狱
她面部的肌肉完全僵化了
再没有一丝表情
她已经完全是一个木头人了
例文2：祥林嫂不再说话了
只是呆呆的默默地站在那里
生锈的眼睛已经完全失去了以前的悲哀的神采
似一口流干了的枯泉眼
眼睛死死盯住那风雪交加的黄昏的天空
本次描写
应主要写眼神
因为见到"我"
祥林嫂原本"没有精彩的眼睛忽然发光了"
满怀希望向"我"提问
然而
三问三答之后
使她更加恐惧
既怕生
又怕死
彻底迷惑、绝望了
而这一感情变化
只有通过眼神才能表达出来
因为此时衣着、脸部等外部特征丝毫没有改变
例文1：眼神突然间黯淡了下来
原来还偶尔转动一下的眼珠几乎不再转了
是否罗嗦？
①、 多次重复这个称呼
不仅仅是为了反映就中国妇女地位的地下
更重要的是表现那种"从一而终"的封建思想和贞烈观：死了丈夫祥林
认识祥林嫂；嫁了贺老六
仍是祥林嫂
一辈子都是祥林的人！作者在客观的叙述中
蕴含了对封建伦理的揭露和批判
突出主题
②、 多次重复这个称呼
让读者从中体会到那种"三从四德""从一而终""饿死事小
在绍兴城乡
一到农历十二
家家户户就忙着准备过年：买老酒、做年糕、裹粽子、掸灰尘、杀鸡宰鹅、买鱼购肉
腊月二十三晚上
家家户户要送灶神上天
送灶之后
除夕之前
每户人家都要选择一个祭日来祭神
这个吉日就是"祝福"
绍兴人都管它叫"庆菩萨"
据传说
当初这被祝福的菩萨是宋代的皇帝（历史上绍兴曾是南宋的临时首都）
理学家的自我修养的标准只是个幌子
他并不是想去实行--鲁四老爷的虚伪
③、 案头的那堆书--说明他是一个顽固的封建伦理观念的"遗老
2、 鲁四老爷对象林嫂的态度
初见：皱眉、无话、讨厌--阴险冷酷
被抢："可恶！然而......"（补充）--自私、冷酷、顽固
二见：告诫不用祥林嫂--无形的钢刀杀死祥林嫂
盛在木制地朱漆大盘里
并按一定的规矩摆好
如鸡鹅要跪着
头朝门外
迎接福神
跪拜叩礼者必须是男丁
妇女和个别忌生肖的男子都要回避
别说嫁过两个男人的寡妇祥林嫂
就是鲁府的太太、小姐们也没有祝福的资格
祝福之后
便祭祖
绍兴人称"请回堂羹饭"
祭祖后便用煮福礼的汤汁烧年糕吃
这叫做"散福"
表示神所赐之福散给了一家人
①、 陈抟不是一般的道士
是五代宋初声名极重的隐者
活了118岁
自幼聪明颖悟
智力过人
及长
读史经百家之言
一见成诵
悉无遗忘
后唐长兴年间
举进士不第
于是不求仕禄
专以山水为乐
择名山而隐
后来从仕
对国事处理颇得益处
宋太宗端拱二年秋七月
陈抟事先留书
自言"某日将化形于莲花峰下的张超谷"
失节事大"等封建迷雾充斥当时社会的各个角落
渗透各个阶层
包括许多深受其害的普通群众的心灵深处
深刻揭示了造成祥林嫂悲惨命运的典型社会环境
二、鲁四老爷
1、书房的陈设--"寿"字、对联、书籍
换成：崭新的《现代汉语大辞典》、《月朦胧
鸟朦胧》、《天龙八部》
挂的是小燕子大副剧照--不识愁滋味的少年书房
但却是一片空虚
脸上的肌肉在风中好像有些萎缩
黄土色的脸上爬满了深深的皱纹
白白的头发任着狂风纠缠......
④、准备中祥林嫂的表现（有了笑容
也白胖了）--甘心受压迫
揭示主题
鲁镇的人
通过考察祥林嫂的称呼就可见一般
鲁迅作品一向以简练著称
但是这篇小说好像有个地方并不简洁：祥林嫂的称呼一再重复：：第一部分已经用"祥林嫂"来称呼主人公了
后来"魏老婆子叫她祥林嫂"、"大家都叫她祥林嫂"、"大家仍然叫她祥林嫂"、"镇上的人们也仍然叫她祥林嫂"
南宋灭亡后
那些遗臣们慑于元朝统治者的淫威
不敢公开设祭大宋君王
因此只好在夜深人静时悄悄进行
现在绍兴人这种祝福的过年习俗
自然又增添了答谢神明保佑和祈求来年幸福的意义
"祝福"是在晚上进行的
祝福之前
必须把厅堂、祭桌、祭器等掸扫和洗刷干净
因为菩萨不进不洁之家
祝福之时
煮好五牲福礼
中国有句俗话："福家出少年"
可以想象祥林嫂生活的极度其苦
写作训练：
祥林嫂第四次肖像描写--在听完"我"的三问三答后的肖像描写
批改要求：写出祥林嫂在听完"我"的三问三答后的彻底迷惑、绝望、恐惧的心态
出现的毛病：
1、 机械模仿前三次肖像描写
写作重点不突出
2、 硬性写迷惑
没有通过肖像描写反映她的变化
不久
果如期而卒
其肢体经过七日犹温
他生前颇能知人意
死时又有五彩云闭塞洞口
弥月不散
加上以后又有不少异人隐士多次前往拜访
故而
"人皆奇之"
自此以后
封建地主阶级就一直把陈抟视为神仙
奉为老祖
据说
挂了陈抟亲笔的"寿"字
可避邪增寿
使人长命百岁
陈抟的学术思想与中国传统重的"宋明理学"有密切关系