钻井液专业词汇(完整版)
钻井液基础知识
第三章钻井液基础知识一、钻井液概念钻井液是指油气开发钻井过程中以其多种功能满足钻井工作需要的各种循环流体的总称。
钻井液的循环是通过泥浆泵实现的。
循环池中的钻井液由泥浆泵泵入地面高压管汇，经过立管、水龙带、水龙头、方钻杆、钻杆、钻铤到达钻头，然后从钻头喷嘴喷出，沿着钻柱与井壁（或套管）形成的环形空间返出，到达地面后经各种固控设备处理后返回循环池。
因此，钻井液又被人们普遍称为石油钻井工程的“血液”。
钻井液又称做钻井泥浆或简称泥浆。
钻井液工艺技术是油气钻井工程的重要组成部分，在确保安全、优质、快速钻井中起着越来越重要的作用。
现场钻井液循环系统如图所示。
泥浆池泥浆泵地面高压管汇立管水龙带水龙头方钻杆固控设备沉砂池震动筛泥浆槽井眼环空钻头钻铤钻杆二、钻井液的组成1、分散介质---水（盐水）或油2、分散相---膨润土、加重材料、各种处理剂、钻屑膨润土是常用的配浆材料，主要起提粘和造壁作用，加重材料用于提高钻井液密度，处理剂用于调整钻井液性能，钻屑是无用固相应通过各种固控措施除去。
三、钻井液的基本功用1、携带和悬浮岩屑通过钻井液循环将钻头破碎的岩屑从井底携带到地面，让钻头始终接触、破碎新地层，保证快速钻进。
钻井液停止循环时使钻屑在钻井液中悬浮不下沉，防止沉沙卡2、稳定井壁和平衡地层压力钻井液借助液相滤失作用，在井壁上形成一层薄而致密的泥饼，阻止液相进一步滤失，从而减弱泥页岩水化膨胀和分散程度，达到稳定井壁的作用。
平衡地层压力是通过钻井液提供的液注压力来实现，从而防止井塌、井喷、卡钻等复杂情况。
3、冷却和润滑钻头钻具钻进过程中钻头破碎岩屑，钻具与井壁摩擦会产生大量热，这些热量通过钻井液循环被带出地面从而达到冷却钻头钻具的作用。
钻具在井下旋转过程中钻井液在钻具与地层之间又会起到很好的润滑作用。
4、传递水动力钻井液将地面泥浆泵赋予的动力除了用于克服沿程阻力外，当它从钻头喷嘴高速喷出时，对井底产生强大冲击力从而显著提高钻速。
钻井专业词汇
绪论勘探exploration 开发production顿钻钻井cable drilling旋转钻井Rotary drilling 转盘钻井Rotary drilling顶驱钻井top drive drilling 井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling 涡轮钻具钻井turbine drilling 螺杆钻具钻井screw drilling旋转钻井钻机Rotary Rig 动力系统(Power System)旋转系统(Rotating System) 提升系统(Hoisting System)循环系统(Circulating System) 井控系统(Well Control System)监测系统 (monitoring System)井架derrick 天车crown block 游动滑车travelling block大钩hook 大绳drilling line 绞车drawworks泥浆泵mud pump泥浆池mud pit 振动筛Vibration Screen防喷器组blowout preventers 地面管汇surface pipeline遥控面板remote control pane 压井管汇kill line钻前准备drill preparation 钻进drilling固井well cementation 完井well completion直井straight/vertical well 定向井directional well水平井horizontal well 浅井shallow well中深井medium-deep well 深井deep well超深井ultra deep well 特超深井super/extra deep well探井exploration well 采油井production well多底井multi-bore well 丛式井cluster well or multiple wells第一章沉积岩sedimentary rock 变质岩metamorphic rock 岩浆岩magmatic rock 岩石的物理机械性质physical-mechanical properties of rock岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock岩石的泊松比rock Poisson’s ratio岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock抗拉伸强度tension resistance 抗压缩强度 compressive resistance抗剪切强度 shearing resistance 抗弯切强度 bending resistance弹性elasticity 脆性岩石 brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock岩石塑性系数rock plasticity coefficient地应力in situ stress 围压confining pressure 有效应力effective stress 压持效应chip hold effect 岩石的可钻性drillability岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness地层水formation brine比重specific gravity静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure 孔隙压力pore pressure地层压力formation fluid pressure地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 基岩应力matrix stress压力梯度pressure gradient 异常压力abnormal pressure压实作用compaction 欠压实作用 undercompaction function机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d-exponent methoddc指数法 dc-exponent method 声波时差法acoustic travel time岩石硬度rock hardness漏失试验法leak-off test第二章刮刀钻头（blade bit）牙轮钻头（cone bit）金刚石钻头（diamond bit）天然金刚石钻头（ＮＤ）natural diamond人造聚晶金刚石钻头（ＰＤＣ） polycrystalline diamond compact bit热稳定聚晶金刚石钻头（ＴＳＰ）thermally stable polycrystalline diamond bit水力结构hydraulic structure 超顶（cone overhang）复锥（offset axis）移轴（multiply cone ）钻头的经济指标(economic indicators of bit)钻头进尺(bit footage) 钻头工作寿命(bit operating life)钻头平均机械钻速(bit average rate of penetration)钻头单位进尺成本(cost per singer footage)第三章浮力 buoyancy 钻柱drill stem/string 钻铤drill collar钻杆drill pipe 方钻杆kelly钻头bit 稳定器stabilizerHWDP-厚壁钻杆（Heavy wall drill pipe）复合钻柱combination string中性点neutral point 最大安全静拉力maximum safety static tension第四章钻井液drilling fluids/mud 水基钻井液water-base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids 低固相钻井液low solids fluids API滤失量API filtration 分散相(dispersion phase )分散介质(dispersion medium)化学处理剂(Chemical treating agent)滤失filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids流变方程rheological equation牛顿流体Newtonian fluid 非牛顿流体non- Newtonian fluid塑性流体plastic fluid 幂律流体power law假塑性流体pseudo plastic fluid 膨胀液体expansion fluid钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 剪切稀释特性(shear thinning)静切力gel strength 动切力yield value 塑性粘度Plastic Viscosity动塑比ratio of yield value to plastic viscosity初切力initial gel strength 终切力10-minuto gel strength固相控制solid control 钻屑cutting 砂sand 泥silt压差卡钻(differential pressure sticking)井漏(lost circulation )井塌(borehole collapse) 钻井液污染(drilling fluid contamination ) 第五章井眼轨道(well trajectory)井眼轨迹(well track)井深Measure Depth 井斜角inclination/deviation angel方位角azimuth angle井斜变化率rate of deviation 方位变化率rate of azimuth井眼曲率hole curvature垂深True vertical depth(TVD)水平投影长度horizontal projection length (hole deviation)水平位移horizontal displacement平移方位角(translational azimuth) N坐标和E坐标(N-coordinate & E-coordinate)视平移(apparent horizontal displacement )水平投影图(horizontal projection)垂直投影图(vertical projection)垂直剖面图(vertical cross section )直井段(Vertical section)ok造（增）斜段(build section) kb稳斜段(hold section ) bh降斜段(drop section) hd目标点(target point)靶区及靶区半径(target area) rt 靶心距(off-target distance) St造斜点(kick off point) k 二维定向井Two-dimensional directional well三维定向井Three-dimensional directional well第六章喷射式钻头jet bit 射流喷速jet velocity射流冲击力jet impact force 射流水功率jet hydraulic-power钻头压降bit pressure-drop钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse-power钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump额定泵压rated pump pressure额定功率rated pump power循环压耗circulating pressure loss 优选标准optimization standard钻压weight on bit转速rpm-revolution per minute 排量rate of flow 进尺footage 喷嘴nozzle钻速方程drilling rate equation /model第七章测斜deviational survey 平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method 井斜well deviation满眼钻具packed hole assembly 钟摆钻具pendulum assembly钟摆力pendulum force井底动力钻具bottomhole motor转盘钻 rotary drill 工具面角tool face orientation装置方位角tool face azimuth 定向方位角Directional azimuth反扭角reactive torque angle第八章地层井眼系统的压力平衡 balance of formation-borehole system地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density波动压力（激动压力）surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure井侵 influx 溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout正压差positive differential pressure负压差negative differential pressure平衡钻井balanced drillin g 欠平衡under balanced drilling近平衡near balanced drilling 过平衡over balanced drilling关井shut in 防喷器blow out preventer 地面管汇surface drill pipe环形空间annulus 压井killing well 硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing 压井方法killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）engineer’s method司钻法（二次循环法）driller’s method第九章套管程序casing program导管conductor 表层套管surface casing技术套管intermediate casing strings 生产套管production casing 尾管line 钻井尾管drilling liner 生产尾管production liner套管接箍casing coupling套管柱casing string 前置液ahead fluid隔离液spacer fluid 冲洗液flushing fluid套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance完井方法completion methods 裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion衬管完井法slotted liner completion砾石充填完井法gravel pack completion固井质量cement job quality 固井质量评价cement evaluation窜槽cement channeling 顶替效率displacement efficiency尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger井口装置wellhead 油管头tubing head 套管头casing head采油树Christmas tree稠化时间thickening time 凝结时间setting time。
石油钻井英语常用专业词汇
钻井英语常用专业词汇钻井监督foreman队长rig manager（带班）队长toolpusher司钻driller钻工roughneck钻工floorman井架工derrickman泥浆工mudboy油层oil zone地层formation页岩层shale formation地层流体formation fluid岩屑cutting井场wellsite泵房pump area(pump house) 值班房doghouse工具房tool house工具箱tool box井bore hole野猫井wildcat well定向井directional well手工具hand tool公锥taper tap母锥box bell 活动扳手monkey wrench活动扳手adjustable wrench割枪cutting torch打捞工具fishing tool钢卷尺tapeline大钢卷尺steel band tape大钳tong手钳子hand vice手钳子台钳bench vice链钳chain tong内钳lead tong外钳back-up tang液压大钳hydraulic tang套管大钳casing tang榔头hammer螺栓bolts螺丝刀screw driver钢丝绳wire line兜绳mule line安全带safety straps接头sub倒大绳slip and cut the drilling line六方的hexagonal转盘rotary table短路short circuit切断电源stitch off the electricity电路通circuit complete变压器transformer焊条welding rod死绳固定器dead line anchor单点照相测斜仪single-shot inclinometer柴油机engine加热器heater转速revolution高压油泵high pressure fuel pump压风机air compressor电动的electric机动的mechanical泥浆比重计mud scale泥浆仪器mud instrument指重表weight indicator转速表tachometer乙醚ether泥浆drilling fluid钻井液drilling fluid重泥浆slug pipe盐水泥浆salt water mud化学处理剂chemical treating化学药品chemicals泥浆药品mud material粘土clay解卡剂pipe lax material井架derrick钻机（绞车）drawwork电动钻机electric rig钻台rigfloor钻台drillfloor二层台monkey board钻头bit钻柱drill string钻杆drill pipe加重钻杆heavy weight drillpipe方钻杆Kelly大鼠洞rathole震击器jar天车crown block流动滑车traveling block水刹车hydraulic brake刹把brake bar吊卡elevator套管丝扣casing threads护丝thread protectors接头sub配合接头crossover配合接头X-over提升短节lifting sub提升短节lifting nipple提升短节elevator plug卡瓦slip螺旋钻铤spiral collar无磁钻铤柔性短节flex joint滚子扶正器reamer绷绳锚dead men绷绳锚guy anchor绷绳guy line绳卡guy clamp高速离合器high drum clutch 泥浆泵the mud pump活塞piston停泵stop the pump缸套liner拉杆rod拉杆盘根rod packing缸套盘根liner packing高压管线high pressure line 立管standpipe反循环reverse circulation 闸门valve保险凡尔pop-off valve凡尔座valve seat刺washing out取出器puller甩钻具lay dawn drill stem 接大钻具pick up BHA丝扣油dope丝扣thread单根 a joint接卸单根make up/break down a joint 下部钻具结构bottom hole assembly(BHA)再上一扣Make it up one more thread钻头盒bit breaker泥浆罐mud tank搅拌机agitator振动筛布shaker screen停泵circulating固控设备solid control equipment泥浆清洁器mud cleaner闸刀盒switch box离心机centrifuge机厂machine shop动力装置power unit除气器degasser除气器poor-boy除气器gas buster泥浆稠the mud is viscous除砂器desander套管工具casing tool套管大钳casing tang吊卡elevator灌泥浆管线fill up line套管内径规casing rabbit套管头casing head联顶节landing joint套管护丝casing screw protector套管卡瓦casing slip扶正器casing centralizer引鞋casing float shoe回压凡尔casing float collar刮管器casing scraper固井车cement truck防喷器blowout preventor控制台control device井喷blowout防喷系统BOP system汇流阀manifold vlove落鱼fish迟到时间bottom up打捞工具fishing tool卡瓦打捞筒overshot回波探伤仪echo-ranger随钻测斜仪directional orientation tool井下仪器downhole instrument仪器读数instrument readings吊测wire line survey装好定向工具rig up steering tool上提下放钻具Pick up/slack off the string安装设备install equipment开钻start working开钻spud in the well下钻run in hole起钻pull out of hole起钻trip out of hole短途起钻 a short trip正常起钻 a round trip侧钻sidetracking卡钻sticking井塌cave in键槽卡钻key-seating sticking完钻finish drilling停钻stop drilling进尺make meters完井成本the cost of completion中和点neutral point of the string张力tension拉力冲数stroke钻头压力降pressure drop across the bit泵压pump pressure钻压drilling weight钻速the rate of penetration设计深度the planed depth固井设计cementing design泥浆性能试验experiment in mud property立方米cubic meter主要用途the principal purpose高粘hi-vis有粘度的viscous。
石油工程钻井液词汇(中英文)
石油工程钻井液词汇（中英文）
（1）mud column泥浆柱，主要用于产生液柱压力。
（2）static bottom-hole pressure (SBHP)是静态井底压力，即钻井液处于静止状态时，井底的压力。
（3）wetted perimeter 湿周，所谓的湿周是指过流断面流体与固体边壁接触的长度。
（4）Simulating a Circulating Wellbore 模拟循环的井眼。
（5）又遇到一个“岩屑，钻屑”的词，Drill Solids,之前还有一个是用Drilling cutting 或者cutting 来表示。
（6）non-aqueous drilling fluids无水钻井液，是以其他物质为基液的一种钻井液，多半是油基钻井液。
（7）critical temperature临界温度，
critical deepth 临界井深
（8）Geomechanics地质力学，岩石地质上有关的力学知识。
（9）Mechanical Earth Model机械地球模型
（10）常见的钻井事故：井壁坍塌hole collapse
卡钻stuck pipe是指，钻柱在井眼内无法拔出和下入井内，被卡住。
（11）deviated well斜井相对应的是直井（Vertical Well），还有一种是水平井，即井的形状在水平段是水平的，整个井型呈现一定曲率形状。
（12）Poisson’s ratio泊松比，是以泊松人名命名的，表示岩石的变形特性的量，是指横向变形量比上纵向变形量的比值。
（13）。
钻井专业词汇
MWDdirectional well 定向井horizontal well 水平井cluster well 丛式井deviation well 定向斜井multiple well 多底井relief well 救援井coordinates 坐标X-, Y- , Z- coordinates X，Y，Z坐标displacement 位移declination 磁偏角hole inclination or hole angle 井斜角maximum hole angle 最大井斜角hole direction 方位角end of deviation 最终井斜azimuth 方位，方位角Geographic North (meridian direction) 地理北，真北Magnetic North (compass direction) 磁北Magnetic Azimuth (MA) 磁方位displacement or closure distance 水平位移horizontal displacement 水平位移vertical section 垂直面vertical, horizontal projection 垂直, 水平投影rate of build up 造斜率dogleg 狗腿DLS (Dogleg Severity) 狗腿严重度，井眼曲率KOP kick off point 造斜点target 靶，目标点vertical depth of target 目标垂深target radius 靶区半径actual hole shape 实际井眼形状MWD tool 随钻测斜工具ESS (Electronic Survey System) 电子测斜仪 tool face 工具面tool face angle 工具面角tool face setting 工具面安置角varidril 涡轮钻具，螺杆bent sub 弯接头NMDC (non-magnetic drill collar) 无磁钻铤 stabilizer 稳定器centralizer 扶正器drilling jar 随钻震击器SWDmeasured depth 测量深度TVD True Vertical Depth 真实垂直深度mean sea level 平均海平面seismic datum 地震资料 checkshot table (地震声波测井)校验炮列表full waveform display 全波形显示seismic energy signal 地震能量信号reflect wavefield 反射波场direct arrivals 直达波reflected arrivals 反射波interval velocity , average velocity 区间速度，平均速度replacement velocity 置换速度drillstring velocity 钻杆传输速度RMS (resistivity of mud sample) velocity泥浆样品电阻率速度travel times 传输时间interval transit time 区间传输时间vertical section 垂直段plane of vertical section 垂直剖面offset, 偏移，炮检距departure 离差latitude 纵距azimuth 方位，方位角5 . SHEET & REPORT工单，报表与报告5.1 SHEET & TALLY报表与记录job notes 工作单tripping sheet 起下钻工作单reason for the trip 起下钻原因displacement 替泥浆量，灌泥浆量pull on: even , single , double 起钻钻柱：整立柱，单根，双根stand No. 立柱号trip tank gauge 起下钻罐计量值calculated hole filling per increment 每一个变量计算的井眼灌浆量measured hole fill 测量的井眼灌注量discrepancy 误差，差异well control pre-kick sheet 予压井工作单measured depth 测量井深measured casing shoe depth 测量的套管鞋深度TVD true vertical depth 真实垂直深度casing shoe TVD 套管鞋处垂直深度capacities and volumes 容积与体积 drill string data 钻具数据annulus data 环空数据total system volume 总的系统体积 bit to shoe volume (strokes, time) 钻头到套管的体积（所需泵冲，时间）surface to bit strokes (time) 地表到钻头循环所需泵冲（时间）S.C.R slow circulation rate 低泵速循环速率read and record 读值与记录well control kick sheet 压井工作单 pit gain 罐增益量formation breakdown gradient 地层破裂梯度maximum mud weight 最大泥浆密度M.A.A.S.P maximum allowable annulus surfacepressure最大允许环空地表压力I C P initial circulating pressure 初始循环压力F C P final circulating pressure 最终循环压力pressure step-down 压力减小total strokes to kill well 压井所需总泵冲total time to kill well 压井所需总时间M.A.C.P maximum allowable casing pressure 最大允许套管压力drilling information sheet 钻进信息工作单pump and mud information 泥浆泵与钻井液信息string and hole information 钻具与井眼信息up ,down , on bottom off bottom 上提，下放，接触井底，提离井底BHA bottom hole assembly 下部井眼钻具组合BHA No. 下部井眼钻具组合编号BHA types 下部井眼钻具组合类型item , serial No. , length 项目名称，系列编号，长度OD outside diameter 外径ID inside diameter 内径FOND 打捞外径FNL 币打捞内径weight below jar 震击器以下重量 total BHA weight 下部钻具组合总重量bouyed weight total 总的浮力重量 N / A next assembly 下次装配not applicable 不适用的not available 无效，未利用NA non-available 无资料，不详，不合用varidril 动力钻具bent housig 弯接头orienting sub 定向接头pulse sub 脉冲接头DC drill collar 钻铤pony DC 短钻铤NMDC non-magnetic drill collar 无磁钻铤HWDP heavy weight drillpipe 加重钻杆DP drillpipe tally 钻杆记录表joint length 单根长度stand No 立柱号stand length 立柱长度sum length 总长度casing tally 套管记录表joint length 单根长度sum length 总长make-up length 组合长度casing length 套管钢级tubing tally 油管记录表corrective length 校正长度thread length 丝扣长度sample list 岩样清单item 项目unwashed sample 未洗样dry sample 干样canned sample 罐装样box No. 箱号interval 井深间隔notes, remarks 注释，标记consumable price list 消耗物品价格表item description 项目名称unit price 单价comment 说明material consumption list 材料消耗清单item 项目quantity 数量，用量5.2 REPORTS AND LOGS 报告与录井图表dairy charge report 日费结算报告 mud logging during 作业时间起止 signature 签名CO. REP.report 公司代表报告 midnight depth 午夜钻进井深 previous depth 以前的井深gas reading 气体读值background gas 背景气pipe connection gas 接单根气peak 显示高峰TOT HHP 总的水马力损失BIT HHP 钻头水马力损失geological morning report 地质早报 present operation 现在作业情况 lithological summary 岩性小结24 hrs operations summary 24小时作业情况摘要24 hrs forecast 未来24小时作业预测Well site core description report 井场岩心描述报告End of Well Report 完井报告final well report 完井报告final mud logging report 泥浆录井完井报告contents 目录introduction 前言well data 井史数据资料mud logging description 泥浆录井工作描述stratigraphy 区域地层hydrocarbon shows summary 烃类显示摘要pressures discussion 压力讨论summary of drilling events 钻井事件摘要appendix 附录The format end of well report by Halliburton 哈里伯顿公司完井报告格式contents 目录overview(=well data) 概述（相当于数据大表）well profile 井身剖面图1, Mud logging service provision 泥浆录井设备rig layout and location of sensors 钻机设备平面图及传感器位置sensor specifications 传感器技术规格2, Geology 地质lithological discussion 岩性探讨 sampling and dispatch 岩样与岩样清单3, Overpressure 超压，过压overpressure discussion 地层超压讨论overpressure plots 超压绘图4, Drilling 钻井hole section summaries 各井段概述bit data 钻头数据BHA configurations BHA配置 mud summary 钻井液概述bit run hydraulics 钻头水力学 5, Deviation 井斜deviation summary 井斜概述survey data and plot 井斜数据及井斜图6, Petrophysical analysis 岩石物理学分析gas data summary 气体数据概述gas ratio crossplot 气体比率交汇图7, Time breakdown 作业时效分析well progress plot 钻井进度图 rig time analysis 钻机作业时效分析统计8, Inclusions 内附，包含lithology log MD 1:500 1：500测深岩性录井图lithology log TVD 1:500 1：500垂深岩性录井图drilling log 1:500 1：500工程录井图normalised gas log 1:500 1：500校正的气体录井图pressure log 1:2000 1：2000压力录井图drilling data ASCII data diskette ASCII 码钻井数据软盘master log 主录井图lygend 图例company 公司名称rig 钻井队名称area 所在地区country 所在国家location 位置elevation 海拔高度water depth 水深depth ref 井深参考RKB rotary kelly bushing 方钻杆补心高度well configuration 井身结构bit size 钻头尺寸hole depth 井眼深度casing size 套管尺寸shoe depth 套管鞋深度spud date 开钻日期TD date 钻至总井深日期TD driller 总井深logged from 录井开始日期logged to 录井作业止depth scale 井深比例pressure evaluations log 压力评价录井图TGN log (total gas normalized) TGN录井图cutting sample log 岩屑录井图 core sample log 岩心录井图core sample examination sheet 岩心样品检验结果单gas analysis chart 气体分析图表 shale density measurements 页岩密度测量表5.3 SOME USEFUL ABBREVIATIONS 一些有用的缩略语NB new bit 新钻头NCB new core bit 新取心钻头RRB re-round bit 再次入井钻头 BR bit run 钻头进尺WOB weight on bit 钻压SPP standpipe pressure 立压PP pump pressure 泵压RPM revolutions per minute 转盘转速 SPM strokes per minute 泵冲CS casing shoe 套管鞋位置CR circulated returns 循环返出物 CG connection gas 接单根气TG trip gas 起下钻气WTG wiper trip gas 通井后效气 NR no returns 无返出物PR poor returns 返出物较少EL electric log 电测POOH pull out of hole 起钻RIH run in hole 下钻WT wiper trip 通井LAT logged after trip 起钻后测井 DS directional survey 定向测斜DST drill stem test 钻杆中途测试 DC depth correction 井深校正RMG reaming 划眼WOW wait on weather 等天气WOC wait of cement 固井水泥候凝 WOO wait on order 等指令，待命 LAT logging after trip 起钻后测井 LCM lost circulation material 堵漏剂，堵漏材料FR flow rate 流速FC flow check 溢流检查abbreviations of mud data 泥浆数据缩略语W weight lb / gal 比重，密度MG mud gradient psi / kft 泥浆梯度 V funnel viscosity s /qt 漏斗粘度AV apparent viscosity 表观粘度PV plastic viscosity cp 塑性粘度YP yield point lb / cf2 屈服点，动切力GEL gel strength lb / cf2 静切力PH acidity 酸度moisture 湿度F filtrate cm3 /30 泥浆滤液FL filtrate loss 滤失量CK cake thickness in / 32 泥饼厚度S salinity kg /m3 泥浆矿化度SD sand content % 含砂量O oil content 含油量WL water lose cm 3 / 30 失水SOL solids content % 固相含量PF filtrate alkalinity % 碱度，含碱量GYP gypsum content lb / bbl 石膏含量Additives for drilling fluid 钻井液添加剂releasing stuck agent 解卡剂LCM lost circulate additives / plugging agent 堵漏剂foaming agent, foamer 发泡剂flocculant, flocculating agent 絮凝剂bactericidal agent, biocide 杀菌剂defoaming agent, defoamer 消泡剂emulsifier, emulsifying agent 乳化剂bridge agent 桥堵剂retarder, retardant 缓蚀剂lubricant 润滑剂viscosifier, thickener 增粘剂viscosity-reducing agent, thinner 降粘剂5.4 COMMENT & REMARKS 注释与标记note, comment, 注释，标记remarks 注释，说明All the drilling troubles 、accidents and some main changed parameters should benoted on the logs and real-time charts.所有钻井复杂情况、事故及一些主要的变化的参数均应标注在录井图件和实时打印资料上Run bit No. 4 下入第四号钻头bit parameters, 钻头参数bit manufacture 钻头制造商bottom up / lag time 迟到时间Pump off for 停泵…分钟PC pipe connection 接单根connection gas 接单根气trip gas 起下钻气carbide test 电石气试验carbide gas 电石气change ROP scale 变换ROP比例 setting zero 调零，置零gas system re-calibrated 气体系统重新标定midnight depth 午夜井深case steel grade 套管钢级casing shoe 套管鞋位置liner 尾管下深slurry density 水泥浆密度cement quantity 水泥用量cement plug 水泥塞厚度leak off test 地层漏失试验starting drilling 开始钻进drill with fresh water 用清水钻进 drill with sea water 用海水钻进POOH to core at 3215m 起钻在3215米取心coring interval 取心井段core length 岩心长度core recovery 取心收获率dumping returns 返出物放掉no gas data 无气体数据NS no survey 未测，没有测n.s no sample 无样品no sample collected 无岩样high total gas due to diesel contamination 总烃显示高值是由于柴油污染所致gas show 气体显示gas peak 气显示高峰值well kick 井涌flow check 溢流检查choke circulating 节流循环raised mud weight 提高泥浆密度 short trip 短起下钻change BHA 换下部钻具组合 overpull 超拉bit lost in hole 钻头落井，掉钻头broken pipe 断钻具fishing 打捞fish top 鱼顶fish length 鱼长fishing cutter 打捞切割器MU( make up) new BHA 组合新BHAtest MWD tool 测试MWD工具 install top drive 安装顶驱cut and slip 倒大绳PU (pick up) 15 joints 配接15根单根raise MW( mud weight) to 18.2ppg 提泥浆密度至18.2ppgreduce mud weight 降泥浆密度check losses or gain 检查泥浆漏失，增益shut in well 关井observed pressures 观察压力squeeze LCM (lost circulated additives) 挤堵漏剂pump spacer fluid 打隔离液displace packer fluid 替封隔液drill break 钻进放空circulate bottom up 将井底泥浆循环出来back reaming / pumping back 倒划眼 pump out of hole to shoe 倒划眼至套管鞋。
钻井液常用专业词汇
钻井液常用专业词汇（A-Z)A氨基三乙酸(NTA)@aminotriacetic acid胺基@amino铵基@ammonium安全地层@safe formation安全试破@safe destruction安全钻井@safe drilling坳陷@down warping region螯合@chelation凹陷@sag凹陷地层@subsidence formation奥陶系@Ordovician systemAPI模拟法@API recommened methodB多靶点@multiple target point白沥青@white asphalt白油@mineral oil白云母@white mica半透膜@semipermeable membrane包被絮凝剂@flocculant包被@envelop包被抑制性@encapsulating ability饱和度@saturation饱和度剖面图@profile map of degree of saturation 饱和盐水@saturated salt water背斜@anticlinal钡@barium苯环@benzene ring苯酚@phenyl hydroxide本质区别@essential difference泵压过高@overhigh pumping pressure比表面积@specific surface area比吸水量@specific absorption比重瓶法@density bottle method避免@avoid蓖麻油@ricinus oil边界摩擦@boundary friction扁藻（浮游植物）@algae变化趋势@variation trend标准化@standardization标准粘度测量@standard visicosity measure表面粗糙度@roughness of the surface表面电位@surface electric potential表面活性剂@surfactant ,surface active agent表面能@interface energy表面粘度@surface viscosity表面抛光@sample surfaceAibbs表面弹性@Aibbs surface elasticity表面张力@surface tension表明@verify /reveal表皮系数(S)@skin coefficient憋钻@bit bouncing宾汉方程@bingham equation丙三醇@glycerine丙烯情@acrylonitrile丙烯酸@acrylic acid丙烯酸盐@acrylate丙烯酰胺@acrylamide薄而韧的泥饼@thin,plastic and compacted mud-cake@薄片@flake薄弱地层@weak formation泊松比@poisson’s ratio剥离@peel off补救@remediation不分散泥浆@nondispersed mud不干扰地质录井@play no role in geological logging不均质储层@heterogeneous reservoir不均匀@uneven不可逆@irreversible不同程度@inordinately部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(PHPA)@partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamideC参数优选@parametric optimization残酸@reacted acid残余饱和度@residual staturation残渣@gel residue , solid residue测量@measure侧链@side chain侧钻水平井@sidetrack horizontal well层间@interlayer层间距@the distance between the two crystal layer, layer distance 层理@bedding层流@layer flow差减法@minusing尝试@trial柴油@diesel oil长连缔合物@long chain associated matter操作方法@operation method超伸井@high deep well超深预探井@ultradeep prospecting well超声波@ultrasonography超高密度泥浆@extremely high density mud超细碳酸钙@super-fine calcium carbonate产层@production/pay zone产层亏空@reservoir voidage产量@production ,output沉淀@precipitation沉降@subside沉降速度@settling rate沉砂@sand setting衬套@sleeve程序@program成对水平井@paired parallel horizontal wells成分@ingredient成胶剂@gelatinizing agent成膜树脂@film-forming resin成岩性差@poor diagenetic grade承压@bearing pressure承压低@lower pressure resistance承压能力@loading capacity尺寸@dimension斥力@repulsion除硫效果@sulfur limitation effect除硫剂@sulfur elimination除砂器@desander触变性@thixotropy触变剂@thixotropic agent垂沉@sag垂直井@vertical well充气钻井液@aerated drilling fluid磁化@magnetization次生有机阳离子聚合物@secondary organic cationic polymer 冲砂@sand removal冲蚀@flush冲刷@washing out冲洗@clean冲洗效率@cleaning efficiency冲洗液@washing fluid从…角度@from the standpoint of丛式井@cluster well稠化剂@gelling agent稠油区@viscous oil area稠油藏@high oil reservoir初步分析@preliminary analysis初始稠度@initial consistency初始粘度@initial viscosity初探@primary investigation处理剂@additive ,treating-agent粗分散泥浆@coarse dispersed mud粗泡沫堵漏工艺@coarse-foam plugging technology促凝剂@accelerating agent醋酸@acetate醋酸钠@sodium acetate窜流@fluid channeling脆裂@embrittlem ent crack脆性@brittle/crisp ,fragility催化剂@accelerant , catalyst萃取剂@extracting agentD达西定律@Darcy’s equation大段水层@thick aqueous formation大分子氢键络合作用@polycomplexation of hydrogen bond大灰量@mass slurry大井斜角@high deviation angle大块岩样@big rock sample大块钻屑@massive drilling cuttings大类@genera大理石@marble大砾石层@large gravel bed大量分析@quantitative analysis大排量洗井@high flow rate washover大排量循环@high flow rate circulation大位移定向井@extended-reach directional well大斜度钻井@big inclination/angle drilling大直径井眼@large hole代表性岩心@representive core sample单宁酸@tannate单体@monomer单相关分析法@analyzing method of single correlation单相关系数加权@coefficient weighted method of single correlation 单轴抗压强度@uniaxial compressive strength氮@nitrogenN-羟甲剂胺@N-hydroxymethyl amine淡水@fresh water单向压力暂堵剂@unidirectional pressure temporary plugging additive 导向螺杆钻具@stearable assemly导向器@guider等温曲线@isothermal curve低毒油基@low toxicity oil based低返速@low return-velocity低固相泥浆@low solid drilling fluid低级醛@low-grade aldehyde低粘土相泥浆@low clay content drilling fluid狄塞尔堵漏剂@diacel plugging agent滴定@titration底水丰富@basal water abundance底水油藏井@bottom water reservoir well第二界面@second contact surface缔合物@associated matter地层@formation地层出液量@formation fluid production地层破碎@straturn breaking地层倾角大@higher formation clination地层水@formation water地层损害@formation damage地面岩心压汞@surface core mercury injection test地下水@groundwater , subsurface water地应力@ground stress地质@geology地质构造@geologic structure淀粉@starch电测@electronic logging电导率@electric conductivity电荷@electricity电化学法@electrochemistry method电解质@electrolyte电镜分析@electronic microscope photos电位@potential fallξ电位@zeta potential电性@electric property电泳法@electrophoresis method电子探针@electron spectrum调查@census顶替过程@displacing operation定量设计@quantitative design定向井@direction well定子@stator冻胶@gel动静弹性模量@dynamic and static elasticity modulus动力稳定性@settling stability动力学@kinetics动态滤失@dynamic filtration动切力@yield value动塑比@ratio of dynamic shear force/yield value to plastic viscosity 堵漏@plugging堵塞@seal堵塞比(DR)@damage ratio堵塞物@bulkhead堵水@water shutoff毒性大@high toxicity毒性污染环境@toxicity ruins the environment短过渡@short transition time短纤维@brief fiber断层发育@mature fault断裂带@faulted zone对策@countermeasure多产层@multilayered reservoir多分支侧钻井@multi-lateral sidetracking well多功能添加剂@multifunction additive多孔介质@porons medium多目标定向井@multi-target directional well多相稳态胶体悬浮体系@polynomial gel suspension system多元醇@polyatomic alcohol多元非线性回归@multielement non-linesr regression多元统计@multivariate statistics惰性材料@inert material惰性润滑剂@inert lubricantE二次沉淀@secondary precipitation二叠系@Permian system二甲胺@dimethylamine二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵@dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride二价阳离子@bivalent ion二开@second section二氧化碳（CO2）carbon dioxide二元共聚物@binary polymerF发气剂@gas-development发展趋势@development tendency反排解堵@plug removal by reverse flow范氏力@van der waals force范氏粘度计@fann viscosimeter返回@go back to方便钻井液复合粉@convenient mud compound powder方程@equation芳香烃@aromatic group防窜水泥@anti-fluid-channeling cement防腐@anti-corrosion防卡@pipe-sticking prevention ,anti-sticking防漏失@lost circulation prevention防气窜@anti-fluid-channeling防塌机理@mechanism of anti-caving防塌剂@anti-caving/collapse agent , clay stabilizer防止@prevent…from纺织@textile放空不返@loss of bit load with loss return放射性示踪剂@radioactive tracer tritium非均质@nonhomogeneity非离子@nonionic非牛顿流体@non-newtonian fluid非渗透性@impervious废泥浆@mud disposal沸石@zeolite分布@distribution分段固井技术@stage cementing technology分光度法@spectrophotometer分类@division分散@dispersion分散剂@dispersant分散介质@dispersion medium分析@analysis分形理论@fractal theory分形几何@fractal geometry分子@molecules分子间能量交换@energy exchange between molecules分子量@molecular weight分子链@molecular chain分子形态@shape of molecular chain粉尘@dust粉煤灰@fly ash粉末@powder粉砂质@aleuritic texture酚羟基的邻位或对位氢@p-or o-hydrogen atom of phenolic group 封闭剂@sealing agent封闭稳定@good isolation封堵@formation sealing封堵剂@formation sealant封固段@interval isolation扶正器@centralizer氟硼酸@borofluorhydric浮力效应@effect of buoyancy孵化速度@incubation浮游植物@floating vegetation复合@combine复合离子@multifunctional ionic复合离子聚合物@amphiprotic/amphoteric polymers ,复合金属两性离子聚合物@composite metal zwitterionic polymer复合聚合物泥浆@compound-polymer mud复配方案@compositional formulation复杂地层@complex formation, troublesome region ,trick formation 复杂度@complex rate复杂时效@outage time复杂情况@down-hole troublesome condition腐蚀@corrosion腐蚀电位@corrosion potential腐蚀速率@corrosion rate腐殖酸@humate ,humic acid腐殖酸钾(KHm)@potassium humic辅料@auxiliary material负@negative@负压钻井@underbalanced drilling符合@accord with符合率@coincidence@rate副产品@by-product附加密度@addition mud densityG改善泥饼质量@improvement of mud cake改性@modification改性淀粉@modified starch改性沥青@modified asphalt改造@refomation钙@calcium钙矾石@ettringite钙膨润土钠化@sodium modified calcium betonite@干混拌技术@mixing technology干扰@interfere with甘油@glycerol锆@zirconium高分子@higher molecular weight高分子聚合物@macromoleclar polymer@高分子絮凝剂@polymer flocculant高负荷@high load高级脂肪醇树脂@higher fatty alcohol高价金属阳离子@high valent cationic高角度微裂缝@high angle micro-fracture高矿化度地层水@highly mineralized formation brines 高岭土@kaolinite高炉矿渣(BFS)@blast furnace slag高密度钻井液@high density drilling fluid高难度@high challenge高粘度清扫液@viscous sweeping fluid高砂比@high sand ratio高温静置@quiescence in high temperature高温泥浆@high-temperature mud高吸水量树脂@absorbent resin高温高压流变仪@HTHP rheometer高效润滑剂@super lubricant高压盐水层@high pressured slatwater layer膏岩层@gypsolyte膏质泥岩@creaming mudstone膏状磺化沥青@paste sulphonated asphalt隔离冲洗液@spacer/flushing fluid隔离膜@isolating membrane各向异性@anisotropy工程@engineering共聚@copolymerization共聚物@copolymer共聚物类降粘剂@copolymer thinner狗腿@dogleg构造裂缝@structural fracture固化@solidification固化剂@hardener , curing agent固井技术@cementing technology固体团块@solid cake固相@solid phase固相含量@solid concentration固相颗粒@solid particles固相颗粒侵入@solid invasion固相控制技术@solid control technology固相损害@damage of particles固液分离技术@centrifugal separation method胍胶@guargum瓜尔胶@guar挂片失重法@weight loss method@关掉电机@turn off the power光谱@spectroscopy硅@silicone硅粉@silica powder硅氟@fluosilicic硅铝比@ratio of silicate to aluminium硅酸钠@sodium silicate硅酸盐@silicate滚轮失重法@roller weight loss method国内外@home and abroad过渡金属@transitional metal过平衡压力@over-balanced pressure过剩浓度@residual concentration过氧化物@peroxideH海绿石@chlorite海上@offshore海水泥浆@sea water mud海湾@bay海洋生物@marine animal含量@content含水量@moisture content耗氧量（COD）@chemical oxygen demand耗氧量(BOD520)@biological oxygen dem and核桃壳粉@walnut shell flour核磁共振（NMR）@nuclear magnetic resonance 合成@synthesis合成基钻井液@synthetic base drilling fluid合格@eligible合理级配@reasonable distribution褐煤@lignite赫巴模式@Herschel-Buckley model黑色正电胶(BPG)@black positive gel恒定滤失速率@constant filtration rate葫芦串@irregular borehole护胶剂@colloid protecting resistance护胶作用@colloid stability互层@interbeded红外光谱@infrared spectrography花岗岩@granite划眼作业@reaming operation化学螯合剂@chelating agent化学冲洗液@chemically washing solution化学结垢(沉淀)@chemical precipitation环保型@environment friendly /acceptable环境保护@environment protection环空当量密度@annular equivalent density环空返速@velocity in annular@环空压耗@annular pressure lost环氧丙烷@epoxypropare环氧氯丙烷(ECH)@epoxy chloropropane ,epichlorohydric缓蚀剂@corrosion inhibitor磺化@sulfonation磺化酚醛树脂@sulfomethal phenolaldehy resin磺化剂@sulfonating agent磺化类处理剂@sulfonated additives磺化沥青@sulfonated gilsonite磺化沥青泥浆@sulfonated-asphalt mud磺甲基酚醛树脂@sulfonated methypheuo formald-ehyde磺酸基团@sulfonic acid group ,sulfo group灰色关联分析法@gray relative analysis method灰岩@limestone回归分析@regressive analysis回收率@recovery percent回填还耕@refilling for plowland火成岩@igneous rock火山喷发岩@volcanic混合金属层状氢氧化物(MMLHC)@mixed metal layer hydroxide compound 混合金属氢氧化物(MMH)@mixed metal hydroxides混合纤维@composite fiber混合盐水@mixed salt活动套管@moving casing活度@water activity活性硅灰@activated grammite活性粘土矿物@active clayey mineral活性污泥法@activated sludge process宏观@macroscopicJ基液@base fluid机械力@mechanical机械杂质@mechanical impurity机械钻速(ROP)@rate of penetrate及时反出@timely return极限剪切粘度@high shear viscosity极限应变@ultimate strain极性基团@polar group极压润滑剂@pressured/extreme@lubricator挤堵@squeeze激光多普勒测速仪(LDA)@laser Doppler anemom eter激光粒度仪@laser particle analyzer激活剂@activator技术措施@technical measure技术讲座@workshop for technology技术经济效果@technical-economic effect技术套管@intermediate casing季铵盐@quaternary ammonium, anionic group钾@potassium ,kalium钾基石灰泥浆@potassium base lime mud甲硅烷基化处理@methylsilicane甲基@methyl甲基硅油聚磺高密度钻井液@methyl silicone oil polysulfonate drilling fluid with high density甲醛@formaldehyde , methanal甲酸盐@formate加量@dosage加重剂@heavy weight additive加重泥浆@weighted mud加重钻井液“垂沉”@sag phenomenon of weighted drilling fluid 架桥粒子@bridge particle价数@valence监督@supervision碱@alkali简化泥浆处理@simplify mud treatment简介@brief description检查井@inspection well检测@inspection/monitor减轻剂@lightening admixture减阻剂@anti-friction agent , drag reducer剪切破坏@shear failure剪切稀释能力@shear thinning property , shearing dilution剪切应力@shear stress键@bond健康,安全与环境(HSE)@health , safety and environment间隙@clearance降解产物@degradation products降粘机理@thinning mechanism降粘剂@thinner,visbreaker降失水剂@fluid loss agent/additive, filtration reducer胶结强度bonding/consolidation strength胶结疏松@weak bonding胶囊破胶剂@encapsulated gel breaker胶凝@gelatify胶凝性质@jellyfication胶乳@latex胶体率@colloid fraction胶体稳定性@colloid stability胶质@gum交联@cross-linking交联剂@cross linker交联冻胶@gel cross-linking交换液@exchange fluid接近@concordant with结垢@precipitation, scale deposit , fouling结构可瞬时形成或拆散@quick formation and breaking结构强度@structural strength@结合@refer to结晶@crystallization结晶水@crystal water接触角@contact angle接枝共聚物@grafting copolymerization解卡剂@pipe free agent介质@medium界面@interface界面胶结@interfacial cementation金属@metal金属离子@metal ions紧密堆积理论@theory of high packing近井壁@near-well zone近平衡钻井@near-balanced drilling浸出液@leaching agent浸酸改造@acidizing经验性总结分析@empirical analysis晶格@lattice bond净化技术@solid control井壁稳定@borehole井壁稳定@hole stability ,stable borehole井底@downhole井底静止温度低(BHST)@low borehole static temperature 井段@interval/section井径@well/hole gauge井径规则@regular and consistent borehole gauge井径扩大率@hole diam eter enlargement rate井口@wellhead井漏@lost circulation井身结构@wellbore configuration井下安全@downhole safety井下复杂情况@down hole problem井斜@inclination井眼@well bore ,borehole井眼轨迹@well track井眼净化@hole cleaning井眼缩径@hole shrinkage井眼稳定@hole stability井涌@kick浸泡时间@soak time静切力(结构力)@gel strength/static shear force静损害@static damage静态挂片法@static weight loss method静态滤失@static filtration静液柱压差@hydrostatic column pressure difference@静置@quiescence静止消泡时间@static defoaming time静置沉淀@static settlement居中@centralization居中度@centralizer聚α－烯基polyalphaolifen聚丙烯青铵盐@ammonium@polyacryhoitril聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)@polyacrylamide聚电解质@poly-electrolyte聚合醇@polyalcohol , polyol聚合物不分散泥浆@non dispersed polymer mud聚合物降滤失水剂@polymer filtration control agent聚合物三磺盐水泥浆@three-sulfonated polymer salt mud聚合物钻井液@polymer drilling fluid聚合物混油钻井液@poly-oil mixture drilling fluid聚磺钻井液@sulphonated polymer mud聚结稳定性@coagulation stability聚乙二醇(PEG)@polyethyleneglycol聚乙烯醇(PVA)@polyvinyl alcoholK卡森方程@Casson equation卡钻@pipe-sticking卡钻因子@stuck-pipe factor勘探与开发@exploration and development开发井@development well开钻泥浆@spud mud抗冲击韧性@toughness抗冲击性@impact resistance抗电解质@potential resistance to electrolyte contamination抗钙@compatibility of calcium抗裂程度@rupture strength抗温抗盐@heat and salinity tolerance抗压强度@compressive strength抗折强度@breaking strength栲胶@tannin , quebrocho克@gram颗粒@particle颗粒级配理论@theory of granulartity苛刻@rigorous可变形粒子@deformation particle可靠@inerrable可逆@reversible可溶性盐@soluble salt可压缩性@compressibility可用性@feasibility可钻性@drillability刻度盘@dial scale坑内密封法@seal in a pit空气湿度@air humidity孔洞@cavern孔喉@pore throat孔隙@pore孔隙度测井@porosity log孔隙压力@pore pressure孔隙液@pore fluid快钻剂@quick drilling矿化度@mineral salt concentration , mineralization 矿石@ore矿物@mineral矿物组分@mineralogical composation矿物晶体@mineral crystal矿物油@mineral oil矿渣@slag扩散@diffusionL老化时间@ageing time老区@maturing field雷诺数@Renault number类别@category累计厚度@gross thickness累托石@rectorite沥青@asphalt ,gilsonite,bitumen沥青类产品@gilsonite and similar materials离心法敏感性评价@centrifugation sensitivity evaluation 离心机@centrifugal machine离心机固控技术@centrifugal solid control离子@ionic离子形态@ionic forms粒度@grain grade粒度分布@particles/size distribution粒度分析@particles size analysis粒子@particle砾石充填@gravel pack连通性@formation communication连续提取法@continuous extraction两凝水泥浆@two-stage cementing cement两性离子@zwitter ionic裂缝@fissure裂缝壁@side of fracture plugging裂隙地层@fractured formation裂隙滞后效应@fracture lag-effect邻井@offset/adjacent well林产@forestry淋洗量@wash out amount磷@phosphorus磷酸@phosphate磷酸氢二铵@diammonium phosphate磷酸盐@phosphate@salt磷酸酯@organic phosphate临界点@critical point临界环空流速@critical annular fluid velocity临界流量@critical flow velocity临界盐度@critical salinity零点@zero point零析水@zero free water硫@sulfur硫化氢@hydrogen sulfide硫化物@sulfide硫酸@sulfate硫酸钠@sodium sulphate流变参数@reheological parameter流变模式@reheology model流变性@rheology behavior流变性能改进剂@rheology conditioner流变学@rheology流动度@fluidity流动介质@flow media流动孔喉@flowing pore throat流动摩阻压力@flowage friction drag流动实验@flow test流动阻力@flow resistance流沙层@drift sand formation流态@flow pattern流体力学@hydromechanics theory流体输送减阻@accelerating fluid feeding流型@fluid type漏斗粘度@funnel viscosity漏失@lost circulation漏失层位@location of the thief zone漏失通道@porous media陆上@onshore卤虫(甲壳类动物)@crustacean卤水@bitter(luo)@chromium络合@coordination ,chelate络合行为热效应@thermal effect of the coordination 录井@log裸眼@open well裸眼井段@barefoot interval滤饼@filter cake滤失量@filtration滤饼电性质@electro kinetic property滤液@filtrate滤液侵入@filtrate invasion铝@aluminum铝酸盐@aluminate氯酚@chlophenol氯化钙(CaCl2)@calcium chloride氯化物@chlorideKCl溶液@potassium chloride solutionM马来酸酐@maleic anhydride埋深@burial depth满足…需要@meet requirement of曼尼希反应@Mannick reaction芒硝层@chuco毛细管吸收时间测定仪(CST)@capillary suction timer 毛细管压力@capillary pressure酶@enzyme煤层@coal bed煤层气储层@coalbed methane reservoir镁@magnesium门限流动压差@threshold differential pressure of flow蒙脱石@smectite咪错基@imidazoline醚基@ether密胺树脂@melamine resin密闭液@sealing fluid密度@density密实@dense幂律模式@power law m ethod敏感性@sensitivity敏感性流动实验@flowrate test膜@film , membrane磨铣@mill摩擦@friction摩擦付@friction couples摩擦系数@friction coefficient摩阻损失@friction loss末端毛细管阻力@terminal capillary pressure木质素磺酸盐@lignosulfonate模拟@analog, simulate模式(型)@model目@meshN纳米材料@nano-composite material纳米技术@nano-tech钠@sodium钠化@sodium treatment钠膨润土泥浆@sodium bentonite mud囊衣@capsule dressing囊芯@capsule-core内聚力@cohesion内摩擦角@internal frictional angle内泥饼@internal filter cake内切圆半径inscribed circle radius内烯烃@isomerised@olefins内源和外源颗粒@endogenous and exogenous granula 内在因素@intermediate factor能量交换@energy exchange泥包@bit balling泥饼@mud-cake泥饼强度冲刷仪@mud filter cake tester泥浆处理@mud treatment泥浆跟踪剂@mud tracer泥浆配方@mud formula泥浆转化为水泥浆(MTC)@mud to cement泥岩@mudstone , conglomerate泥页岩@shale ,@argillutite泥质膏岩@argillaceous粘度@viscosity粘度极大值@maximum viscosity粘度计@viscosimeter粘附@adhere粘附张力@adhesive tension粘弹性@viscoelastic粘土@clay粘土分级评价法@method of grading mud-making clay 粘土矿物层间距(d001)@crystal@indices粘土矿物含量@clay mineral content粘土片@clay latice粘土膨胀@clay swelling粘土膨胀倍数@swelling ratio of clays粘土稳定性@clay stability粘性流体@viscous fluid柠檬酸@citric acid凝固点@freezing point凝析油@condensate oil牛顿流体@Newtonian fluid扭距@torque浓度@concentration浓硫酸@strong sulfuric浓缩@concentrationO排列@line along排驱压力@displacement pressure排水@water draining剖面图@profile map泡沫流体实验装置@aerated fluid test simulator泡沫剂@foaming agent泡沫衰变机理@foam decay mechanism泡沫质量@foam quality泡沫钻井液@foam drilling fluid配方@formula ,recipe ,composition配浆时间@drilling fluid preparing time配位体@ligand配伍性@compatibility配制@madeup盆地@basin喷@blowout喷射钻井@jet drilling喷嘴粘度@nozzle viscosity膨润土@bentonite ,montmorillonite膨润土含量@bentonite content膨胀@swell膨胀剂@sweller膨胀率@expansion ratio膨胀性堵漏材料@expandable plugging additives硼冻胶@boracium gel硼砂@borax硼酸盐@borate偏心度@excentricity偏移@shift片麻岩@gneiss漂珠@hollow microsphere品种@variety平衡线膨胀率@equalibrium linear expansion value平衡压力钻井@balanced drilling评价@evaluation评价标准@evaluation criterion评价井@appraisal well平板型层流@plate laminar flow平均井深@average well depth平均线膨胀率@average expansion rate平均直径@mean diameter屏蔽环@shielding zone屏蔽暂堵技术@temporary shielding method ,barrier-building temporary seal incores 破胶剂@gel breaker破胶性@breaking property破裂压力@fracture pressure破裂压力梯度@fracture pressure gradient破乳@break the emulsion破乳剂@demulsifying agent葡萄糖@glucoseQ起到重要作用@play an important role起泡剂@frothing agent起下钻阻卡@blockage during tripping气液表面能@gas-liquid interface energy迁移@migration前置液@prepad fluid铅（Pb）lead潜在因素@implicit factor潜山@buried hill浅高压气层@shallow high pressure gas formation浅海@shallow-water , neritic area浅井@shallow well嵌段聚合物@block polymer欠饱和盐水钻井液@unsaturated salt water drilling fluid 欠平衡钻井@underbanlanced drilling欠压实@uncompaction羟基@hydroxy羟基水@hydroxy water羟丙基淀粉@hydroxypropul starch羟乙基纤维素@hydroxyethyl cellulose强造浆软泥岩@high mud making soft shale桥堵剂@bridge additive切力@shearing force侵入深度@invasion depth侵蚀@erosion亲核化学吸附@nucleophyllic chemical adsorption亲水环境@hydrophilic environment亲水性@hydrophilcity亲油性@lipophilic氢@hydrogen氢氟酸@hydrofluoric acid氢键@hydrogen bond氢氧化钠@alkali氢氧化钙@calcium hydroxide清扫液@sweeping fluid清水@clear water清洗剂@cleaning agent蜻纶@acrylon fiber蜻纶费丝@nitrilon倾角@dip angle丘陵@hill type球形胶束@roundness glues区块@block屈服强度@shear strength屈服值@yielding point曲边三角形@curved line trangle取代度@substituted ratio取芯@core,coring operation取芯进尺@coring footage取芯收获率@coring recovery rate曲线@curve去除@wipe off醛@aldehydeR热采井@thermal production wells热分析@thermoanalysis热滚@hot aging热滚分散实验@roller oven test , hot rolling test热力学@thermodynamics热凝橡胶@coagulative rubber热效应@thermal effect@热稳定性@temperature resistance ,heat stability ,stabilityat high temperature热重法(TG)@thermogravimetry人工神经网络@artificial neural network韧性@tenacity韧性粒子@tenacity particle日产气@daily gas融合@amalgamation溶洞@cave溶胶@sol溶解氧@dissolved oxygen溶蚀@corrode溶蚀性孔洞@solution cave@溶液@solution柔性棒状胶束@flexibility claviform glues蠕虫状胶束@vermiculate glues乳滴聚结实验@emulsion drop aggregation test乳化@emulsify ,emulsion乳化剂@emulsifier乳化钻井液@emulsion drilling fluid乳化作用@emulsification入井液@working fluid软化点沥青@softening point asphalt软泥岩@soft mudstone软件包@software package润滑剂@lubricant润滑仪@lubricity tester润湿反转@wetting transition , wettability reversed润湿性@wettability弱面@weak planeS塞流顶替@plug-flow displacem ent3r/min读值@3r/m reading三高一适当(3H1S)@three high and one proper三磺饱和盐水泥浆@three-sulfonated-polymer-saturated-brine mud三钾胺@dimethyl amine三甲基单烯丙基氯化铵@trimethyl allyl ammonium chloride 三维网状结构@three-dimensional network structure三乙醇胺@triethavolamine散射@scatter铯@cesium射孔@perforation射孔液@perforation fluidX-射线计算机层析技术(CT)@computerized tomography沙砾岩@glutenite砂泥岩@sand shale砂岩@sand ,sandstone杀菌剂@bacteriostat筛管@screen pipe上泵容易@easy pumpability上部地层@upper formation /segment上古生界@upper palaeozoic上升趋势@escalating trend上下密度差@difference of densities上下限@top and bottom limitation上游领域@upstream扫描电镜(SEM)@scanning electronic microscope设计@design设计原理@design principle神经网络@nerve network深穿透射孔枪弹@deep penetrating bullet深度@depth深井钻井@deep drilling深探井@exploration well渗流@phase flow s渗漏@leakage渗透@peculation `渗透率@fluid permeability渗透率各向异性@permeability anisotropy渗透率恢复值@return permeability渗透水化@osmotic hydration@渗透性地层@permeable formation渗析纯化purified by dialysis method声波测井@sonic logging声幅值@acoustic amplitude生产能力@production capacity生态环境@ecology environment生物处理@biological treatment生物毒性@biotoxicity生物降解@biological degradation生物聚合物@biological polymer ,xanthan生物流化床法biological fluid bed method生物滤池法@bio-filter process生物转盘法@biological rotary method实验@trail十八醇@octadecanol失水@water loss失重@weightlessness,@weight loss时间推移技术@time delaying method石膏@gypsolyte, gypsum石灰@lime石蜡@alpha , paraffin wax石炭系@carboniferous system石英@quartz石油加工@oil refinery石油裂化@petroleum cracking process施工作业@field operation@事故率@failure rate湿挤压@wet-extrusion室内模拟实验@simulating lab test室内实验和现场@lab and field室内研究@laboratory study室温@ambient temperature适量@defined amount@适应温度@reaction temperature示踪分析法@mud filtrate tracer analysis释放@release收缩@shrink疏水性@hydrophobicity叔胺盐@tertiary ammonium salt数据库@data base数学模型@mathematical model数字模拟@digital analog塑料小球@plastic beads树脂@resin,@colophony s束缚@irreducible束缚水@bond water衰变@decay瞬时滤失@instantaneous filtration , spurt loss瞬时速度@instantaneous velocity双层组合套管固井技术@pipe-in-pipe casing string双电层斥力@double electrode layer repulsion双分支侧钻水平井@bi-lateral sidetracking horizontal well水包油型乳化液@oil-in-water fluid水不溶物@water insoluble matter水层@water layer水化@hydration水化膨胀分散@hydrous disintegration水化抑制剂@hydrate control水泥环@cement sheath水泥浆@cement slurry水泥石@set cement水泥熟料@cement clinker水泥早强剂@cement hardener水解@hydration水解度@hydrolyzing degree水力学@hydraulics水基泥浆@water-base drilling fluid水敏性@water sensitivity水平井段@net horizontal section水平井段长@extended horizontal depth水平井偏心环空@horizontal eccentric annulus水平位移@horizontal displacement水溶性@water-soluble水溶液@aqueous solution水锁@water lock水眼粘度@bit nozzle viscosity ,Casson high shear viscosity 锶@strontium四苯硼酸钠@sodium tetraphenyl borate四级固控系统@four stage solid control system四球机@four-ball instrument松弛测量法@relaxation measurement松散地层@unconsolidated formation松散吸附水@adsorbed water塑性粘度@plastic viscosity塑性水泥@plastic cement速度场@velocity field速敏@speed-sensitivity速凝@fast setting速凝剂@accelerator酸度计滴定法@acidom eter titration酸酐@anhydride酸碱滴定法@acid-base titration酸敏@acid sensitivity酸溶性@acid soluble酸性条件@acidic condition酸性粘土@acid clay酸渣@acid-slug随钻堵漏@plugging while drilling顺利@go smoothly缩合@condensation缩合共聚@condensation-copolymerization缩径@hole shrinkage@羧基@carboxylic ,carboxyl羧甲基纤维素钠(Na-CMC)@sodium salt of carboxy methyl-cellulose T塔里木盆地@tarim basin太古界@archaeozoic滩海@tidal坍塌@slough /cave坍塌压力@collapse pressure坍塌页岩@sloughing shale弹塑性@plastoelasticity弹性力学@elastic mechanic弹性模量@elastic modulus探井@prospecting well碳化@carbonization碳酸钙@calcium carbonate碳酸氢根离子(HCO3-)@bicarbonate ion碳酸盐@carbonate碳质@carbon羰基@carboxide陶粒@ceram site套管@casing套管壁@casing wall套管居中@casing centralization套管开窗井段@window killing section套管外封隔器@external casing packer特低密度@ultralow density@特性粘度@intrinsic viscosity梯度@gradient梯度多凝水泥浆@gradient multi-setting cement slurry提出@propose提取@extraction体积分布@volume distribution体积分散@volume ratio体积恢复当量@equivalent volume体系@system天然或人造@natural and synthetic填充粒子@filler particle田青粉@sesbania。
石油钻井业常用专业词汇-J
石油钻井业常用专业词汇基液 || base fluid机械力 || mechanical机械杂质 || mechanical impurity机械钻速(ROP) || rate of penetrate及时反出 || timely return极限剪切粘度 || high shear viscosity极限应变 || ultimate strain极性基团 || polar group极压润滑剂 || pressured/extreme || lubricator挤堵 || squeeze激光多普勒测速仪(LDA) || laser Doppler anemometer 激光粒度仪 || laser particle analyzer激活剂 || activator技术措施 || technical measure技术讲座 || workshop for technology技术经济效果 || technical-economic effect技术套管 || intermediate casing季铵盐 || quaternary ammonium, anionic group钾 || potassium ,kalium钾基石灰泥浆 || potassium base lime mud甲硅烷基化处理 || methylsilicane甲基 || methyl甲基硅油聚磺高密度钻井液 || methyl silicone oil polysulfonatedrilling fluid with high density甲醛 || formaldehyde , methanal甲酸盐 || formate加量 || dosage加重剂 || heavy weight additive加重泥浆 || weighted mud加重钻井液“垂沉” || sag phenomenon of weighted drilling fluid架桥粒子 || bridge particle价数 || valence监督 || supervision碱 || alkali简化泥浆处理 || simplify mud treatment简介 || brief description检查井 || inspection well检测 || inspection/monitor减轻剂 || lightening admixture减阻剂 || anti-friction agent , drag reducer剪切破坏 || shear failure剪切稀释能力 || shear thinning property , shearingdilution剪切应力 || shear stress键 || bond健康,安全与环境(HSE) || health , safety and environment 间隙 || clearance降解产物 || degradation products。
石油钻井工程基础词汇
第1节石油钻井工程基础词汇1.钻探，钻井：drill拓展记忆：钻井：drilling定向斜井：directional drilling欠平衡钻井：under-balance海上钻井：off-shore陆地钻井：on-land drilling钻头：drill bit刮刀钻头：drag bit牙轮钻头：rock bit金刚石钻头：diamond bit喷射钻头：jet bit钻铤：drill collar衣领：collar钻杆：drill pipe钻井队：drilling crew，drilling team 钻机：drill rig钻井泥浆：drilling mud钻井液：drilling fluid钻井设备：drilling equipment2. 油、石油：oil拓展记忆：原油：crude oil石油：petroleum中国石油（简称）：Petro-China采油：oil production采油设备：oil production equipment 采油平台：oil production platform 油泵：oil pump3.地质：geology拓展记忆：地质专业人员：geologist物理：physics地球物理勘探：geo-physical probe，geo-physical exploration测井：logging测井作业：logging operation测井记录：logging record4. 油（副词“好”含意）：well拓展记忆：井眼：hole油井：oil well试井，油井测试：well test井下：down-hole井下作业：down-hole operation第2节石油钻井方法基础词汇原油：crude oil天然气：nature gas煤层气：coal-bed gas一体化设计：integral design钻井：drilling钻井原理：the principles of drilling 顿钻钻井：percussion drilling，cable-tool drilling旋转钻井：rotary drilling液体冲击：fluid percussion大位移：big deviation侧钻井：sidetracking drilling technology，lateral drilling水平井：horizontal well探井：wildcat，wildcat drilling深井：deep well浅井：shallow well老井：maturing well欠平衡钻井：under-balance drilling 丛式钻井：cluster drilling technology 煤层气井：coal-bed gas well生产井：production wells报废井：abandon wells停产井：none-production wells绕障井、三维井：three-dimensional wells.常温井：normal temperature well注采井：injection and production well 稠油井：heavy oil well热洗井：hot washing pipe井况：well condition第3节石油钻井技术基础词汇技术规范，技术指标，技术性能：specification拉伸：tension拉伸强度：tensile strength应力：stress 压力：pressure应力点：stress point压力等级：pressure grade压力降：pressure drop压力梯度：pressure gradient回压：back pressure大气压：atmosphere压差：differential pressure静液柱压力：static fluid column pressure特征：characteristic，feature定性讨论：qualitative argument定量使用：quantitative use液体：liquid固体：solid气体：gas，air正的：positive负的：negative虚线：dashed line，broken line实线：full line递减率：decline rate正比于：be proportional to水平的：horizontal垂直的：vertical油层静压：the formation static pressure第4节石油钻井参数基础词汇负荷：load扭矩：torque扭转：twist摩擦：friction钻压：WOB，weight on bit，weight，drilling weight钻速：ROP，rate of penetration，driiling rate，the rate of drilling平均机械钻速：average ROP钻井周期：drilling period转速：rotary speed地层压力预测：formation pressure prediction technology地层快速预测：the formation fast prediction埋藏深度：bury depth产油层，产油带：pay zone, productive formation温度梯度：temperature gradient地层压力：formation pressure坍塌压力：collapse pressure破裂压力：fracture pressure平衡压力：equilibrium pressure钻具（柱）压力：drilling string pressure 钻头振动：vibration of bit钻井成本：drilling costs井眼尺寸：hole size，well size参数计算：parameters calculation几何参数：geometric parameters参数分析：parameter analysis 动态参数：dynamic data静态参数：static data注水参数：parameters of injection参数、变量：variables井距：well space垂直深度：vertical depth水平位移：horizontal deviation总深度：total depth垂直深度：vertical depth水平位移：horizontal displacement 最大井斜角：maximum hole inclination井眼环空：annulus space压力调节器：pressure regulator恢复（增加）压力：the build-up pressure初始开采：primary recovery含水地层：water bearing formation 套管漏失：casing leak摩擦损失：friction losses气举阀：gas-lift valve石蜡族：paraffin series含气液柱：gas-laden column增产措施：stimulation treatment流动能力：flowing capacity生产速率：production rate水驱：water drive气驱：gas drive网状系统：grid system水侵：water influx五点法：five-spot pattern油井产量：well productivity径向流：radial system富气：enriched gas贫气：lean gas气顶：gas cap气驱：gas drive (or gas flooding)水驱：water drive (or water flooding) 地层伤害：formation damage波及系数：sweep efficiency泄油半径：drainage radius基岩处理：matrix treatment单级脱气：single stage separation泄油面积：drainage area表面张力：surface tension束缚水：connate water (or interstitial water)第5节石油钻井作业现场工作人员名称1.钻井队：drilling crew，drilling team 队，组：crew , team2.技术员：technician钻井技术员：drilling technician泥浆技术员：mud technician3.监督：supervisor钻井监督：drilling supervisor副监督：assistant supervisor 地质监督：geology supervisor4. 工程师：engineer泥浆工程师：mud engineer泥浆工：mudman机械工程师：mechanic engineer引擎，发动机：engine工程：engineering钻井工程：drilling engineering采油工程：production engineering 石油工程：petroleum engineering试油工程：oil test engineering拓展记忆：工程项目：project希望工程：The Hope Project三峡工程：The Three-Gorge Project 项目经理：project manager工程管理：project management钻工：roughneck，floorman司钻：driller副司钻：assistant driller钻井队长：drilling foreman钻井领班：tool pusher井架工：derrick man发动机工，机工：motorman钻台工：floor man机械师：technicians，mechanic电焊工：welder电工：electrician医生：doctor材料员：material man，staff man炊事员：cook翻译：interpreter，translator洗衣工：laundry man第6节石油作业现场常用工具1. 石油作业现场普通工具板手：wrench螺丝起子：screwdriver多角螺丝起子：Phlilips screwdriver 活动板手：monkey wrench，adjustable wrench钳子：pliers手斧：hatchet钩子：hook台钳：bench vice榔头：hammer木锤：mallet搬手：spanner锯子：saw电动手锯：jigsaw电锯：power saw钢锯：hacksaw硬尺：rule软尺：tape measure砂纸：sandpaper油漆：paint油漆刷：paintbrush绝缘胶布：electrical tape 电线：wire插头：plug电插座：outlet开关：switch螺栓：bolt螺帽：nut钉子：nail电钻：electric drill钻头：bit工作台：workbench工具箱：toolbox胶水：glue胶棒：glue bar管钳：pipe tongs，pipe spanner，wrench链钳：chain tongs，chain spanner, chain wrench护丝：thread protector，screw protector手轮：hand wheel阀门搬手：valve wrench，valve spanner联接法兰：coupling flange安全带：safety belt：安全帽：safety cap：工作靴：working boots：千斤顶：jack吊车：crane拖拉机：tractor推土机：bulldozer刮刀：scraper2. 石油作业现场专用工具接头：sub配合接头：X-over ，cross-over提升短接：lifting sub, lifting nipple elevator卡瓦：slip母锥：box bell公锥：taper tap短节：joint柔性短节：flex joint井口：wellhead螺旋钻铤：spiral collar方钻杆：kelly钻杆架：pipe rack材料房：warehouse绳卡：guy anchor润滑器：lubricator维护保养：maintenance内钳：lead tong外钳：back-up tong液压大钳：hydraulic tong兜绳：mule line四通阀：four-way valve软管：hose球伐：ball valve，globe valve闸板阀：ram valve，gate valve增压泵：booster pump 换配件：fittings change灌注泵：charge pump第二章石油工程常用设备及专业术语第1节钻井设备部分1.井架：Derrick塔形井架：derrickA形井架：cantilever mast ，mast-A 桅杆：mast底座大梁：sill架，台：rack架工操作台：monkey-board2. 游动系统：Traveling System天车：crown block天车梁：crown block beam游动滑车：traveling block钻井大绳：drilling line，wire line 金属线，电线：wire，line钢丝绳，测井电缆：wire line钢丝绳股：strand截断：cutoff滑车，滑轮，皮带轮：pulley吊耳：eye plate3.大钩与水龙头：Hook and Swivel顶驱：top drive大钩：hook大钩弹簧：hook spring大钩销子：hook pin大钩环：hook ring大钩锁紧装置：hook locking device 大钩悬挂高度：hook height水龙头：swivel鹅颈管：gooseneck冲管：wash pipe水龙头盘根：swivel packing钻井水龙带：drilling hose，rotary hose，kelly hose立管：stand pipe高压管线：high pressure line低压管线：low pressure line放压管线：relief line储气筒：gas holder，air holder4.转盘：Rotary Table转盘方瓦：master bushing方补心：kelly drive bushing方孔：square opening小鼠洞：mouse hole大鼠洞：rat hole（井架大门处）坡板：ramp5.绞车：Drawworks ，Hoist液压绞车：hydraulically-powered winch气动绞车：air operated hoist绞车：hoist，windlass，drawworks 滚筒，线轴，卷轴：reel ，pool，drum 滚筒高速气离合器：drum high air clutch滚筒低速气离合器：drum low air clutch锚头：cathead液压猫头：hydraulic catwork上扣猫头：make up cathead卸扣猫头：make out cathead牙嵌离合器：jaw clutch应急牙嵌离合器：emergency jaw clutch涡磁刹车：eddy current brake猫头轴：cathead shaft猫头绳：cathead line猫头绳爪：cat line grip死绳：dead line死绳固定器：dead line anchor死绳固定器膜片：dead line diaphragm 上扣：spin up，screw on卸扣，卸开：break out，screw off 上紧，固定：tighten松开，松扣：loosen加载：load卸载：unload拧紧：screw拧松：unscrew刹车：brake刹车总成：brake assembly刹车轴：brake axle ，brake shaft 刹车带：brake band刹车片：brake band lining刹车杆：brake bar闸瓦：brake block刹把：brake crank ，brake bar刹车鼓：brake drum离合器：clutch液压油箱：hydraulic reservoir液动试压泵：hydraulic test pump液压大钳：hydraulic tong倒档齿轮：reverse gear第2节钻井泵类及相关设备泥浆泵：mud pump，drilling pump，slush pump活塞：piston活塞杆：piston rod活塞皮碗：piston cup缸套：liner，pump liner凡尔体：valve body凡尔座：valve cup阀弹簧：valve spring阀杆：valve lever阀面：valve face阀帽：valve bonnet泥浆泵安全阀：mud relief valve排出阀：discharge valve吸入阀：suction valve 潜水泵：submersible pump阀门：valve阀盖：valve cap阀座：valve seat回压阀：back pressure valve单向阀：check valve，single-pass valve 安全阀：safety valve手动阀：manual valve液动阀：hydraulic valve冷缸：cold cylinder拉杆：tie rod，tension bar上水头：intake，suction end排出口：discharge spout高压管：high pressure pipe压力表：pressure gauge冲数：strokes排量：displacement，discharge capacity，flow rate80冲(次) ：80 (eighty) strokes。
钻井业专业词汇2
钻井业专业词汇2流态 flow pattern流体力学 hydromechanics theory流体输送减阻 accelerating fluid feeding流型 fluid type漏斗粘度 funnel viscosity漏失 lost circulation漏失层位 location of the thief zone漏失通道 porous media陆上 onshore卤虫（甲壳类动物） crustacean卤水 bitter（luo） chromium络合 coordination ，chelate络合行为热效应 thermal effect of the coordination 录井 log裸眼 open well裸眼井段 barefoot interval滤饼 filter cake滤失量 filtration滤饼电性质 electro kinetic property滤液 filtrate滤液侵入 filtrate invasion铝 aluminum铝酸盐 aluminate氯酚 chlophenol氯化钙（CaCl2） calcium chloride氯化物 chlorideKCl溶液 potassium chloride solutionM马来酸酐 maleic anhydride埋深 burial depth满足...需要 meet requirement of曼尼希反应 Mannick reaction芒硝层 chuco毛细管吸收时间测定仪（CST） capillary suction timer 毛细管压力 capillary pressure酶 enzyme煤层 coal bed煤层气储层 coalbed methane reservoir镁 magnesium门限流动压差 threshold differential pressure of flow 蒙脱石 smectite咪错基 imidazoline醚基 ether密胺树脂 melamine resin密闭液 sealing fluid密度 density密实 dense幂律模式 power law method敏感性 sensitivity敏感性流动实验 flowrate test膜 film ， membrane磨铣 mill摩擦 friction摩擦付 friction couples摩擦系数 friction coefficient摩阻损失 friction loss末端毛细管阻力 terminal capillary pressure木质素磺酸盐 lignosulfonate模拟 analog， simulate模式（型） model目 meshN纳米材料 nano-composite material纳米技术 nano-tech钠 sodium钠化 sodium treatment钠膨润土泥浆 sodium bentonite mud囊衣 capsule dressing囊芯 capsule-core内聚力 cohesion内摩擦角 internal frictional angle内泥饼 internal filter cake内切圆半径 inscribed circle radius内烯烃 isomerised olefins内源和外源颗粒 endogenous and exogenous granula 内在因素 intermediate factor能量交换 energy exchange泥包 bit balling泥饼 mud-cake泥饼强度冲刷仪 mud filter cake tester泥浆处理 mud treatment泥浆跟踪剂 mud tracer泥浆配方 mud formula泥浆转化为水泥浆（MTC） mud to cement泥岩 mudstone ， conglomerate泥页岩 shale ， argillutite泥质膏岩 argillaceous粘度 viscosity粘度极大值 maximum viscosity粘度计 viscosimeter粘附 adhere粘附张力 adhesive tension粘弹性 viscoelastic粘土 clay粘土分级评价法 method of grading mud-making clay 粘土矿物层间距（d001） crystal indices粘土矿物含量 clay mineral content粘土片 clay latice粘土膨胀 clay swelling粘土膨胀倍数 swelling ratio of clays粘土稳定性 clay stability粘性流体 viscous fluid柠檬酸 citric acid凝固点 freezing point凝析油 condensate oil牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid扭距 torque浓度 concentration浓硫酸 strong sulfuric浓缩 concentrationO排列 line along排驱压力 displacement pressure排水 water draining剖面图 profile map泡沫流体实验装置 aerated fluid test simulator 泡沫剂 foaming agent泡沫衰变机理 foam decay mechanism泡沫质量 foam quality泡沫钻井液 foam drilling fluid配方 formula ，recipe ，composition配浆时间 drilling fluid preparing time配位体 ligand配伍性 compatibility配制 madeup盆地 basin喷 blowout喷射钻井 jet drilling喷嘴粘度 nozzle viscosity膨润土 bentonite ，montmorillonite膨润土含量 bentonite content膨胀 swell膨胀剂 sweller膨胀率 expansion ratio膨胀性堵漏材料 expandable plugging additives硼冻胶 boracium gel硼砂 borax硼酸盐 borate偏心度 excentricity偏移 shift片麻岩 gneiss漂珠 hollow microsphere品种 variety平衡线膨胀率 equalibrium linear expansion value 平衡压力钻井 balanced drilling评价 evaluation评价标准 evaluation criterion评价井 appraisal well平板型层流 plate laminar flow平均井深 average well depth平均线膨胀率 average expansion rate平均直径 mean diameter屏蔽环 shielding zone屏蔽暂堵技术 temporary shielding method ，barrier-building temporary seal incores破胶剂 gel breaker破胶性 breaking property破裂压力 fracture pressure破裂压力梯度 fracture pressure gradient破乳 break the emulsion破乳剂 demulsifying agent葡萄糖 glucoseQ起到重要作用 play an important role起泡剂 frothing agent起下钻阻卡 blockage during tripping气液表面能 gas-liquid interface energy迁移 migration前置液 prepad fluid铅（Pb） lead潜在因素 implicit factor潜山 buried hill浅高压气层 shallow high pressure gas formation浅海 shallow-water ， neritic area浅井 shallow well嵌段聚合物 block polymer欠饱和盐水钻井液 unsaturated salt water drilling fluid 欠平衡钻井 underbanlanced drilling欠压实 uncompaction羟基 hydroxy羟基水 hydroxy water羟丙基淀粉 hydroxypropul starch羟乙基纤维素 hydroxyethyl cellulose强造浆软泥岩 high mud making soft shale桥堵剂 bridge additive切力 shearing force侵入深度 invasion depth侵蚀 erosion亲核化学吸附 nucleophyllic chemical adsorption亲水环境 hydrophilic environment亲水性 hydrophilcity亲油性 lipophilic氢 hydrogen氢氟酸 hydrofluoric acid氢键 hydrogen bond氢氧化钠 alkali氢氧化钙 calcium hydroxide清扫液 sweeping fluid清水 clear water清洗剂 cleaning agent蜻纶 acrylon fiber蜻纶费丝 nitrilon倾角 dip angle丘陵 hill type球形胶束 roundness glues区块 block屈服强度 shear strength屈服值 yielding point曲边三角形 curved line trangle取代度 substituted ratio取芯 core，coring operation取芯进尺 coring footage取芯收获率 coring recovery rate曲线 curve去除 wipe off醛 aldehydeR热采井 thermal production wells热分析 thermoanalysis热滚 hot aging热滚分散实验 roller oven test ， hot rolling test热力学 thermodynamics热凝橡胶 coagulative rubber热效应 thermal effect热稳定性 temperature resistance ，heat stability ，stability at high temperature热重法（TG） thermogravimetry人工神经网络 artificial neural network韧性 tenacity韧性粒子 tenacity particle日产气 daily gas融合 amalgamation溶洞 cave溶胶 sol溶解氧 dissolved oxygen溶蚀 corrode溶蚀性孔洞 solution cave溶液 solution柔性棒状胶束 flexibility claviform glues蠕虫状胶束 vermiculate glues乳滴聚结实验 emulsion drop aggregation test乳化 emulsify ，emulsion乳化剂 emulsifier乳化钻井液 emulsion drilling fluid乳化作用 emulsification入井液 working fluid软化点沥青 softening point asphalt软泥岩 soft mudstone软件包 software package润滑剂 lubricant润滑仪 lubricity tester润湿反转 wetting transition ， wettability reversed润湿性 wettability弱面 weak planeS塞流顶替 plug-flow displacement3r/min读值 3r/m reading三高一适当（3H1S） three high and one proper三磺饱和盐水泥浆 three-sulfonated-polymer-saturated-brine mud 三钾胺 dimethyl amine三甲基单烯丙基氯化铵 trimethyl allyl ammonium chloride三维网状结构 three-dimensional network structure三乙醇胺 triethavolamine散射 scatter铯 cesium射孔 perforation射孔液 perforation fluidX-射线计算机层析技术（CT） computerized tomography 沙砾岩 glutenite砂泥岩 sand shale砂岩 sand ，sandstone杀菌剂 bacteriostat筛管 screen pipe上泵容易 easy pumpability上部地层 upper formation /segment上古生界 upper palaeozoic上升趋势 escalating trend上下密度差 difference of densities上下限 top and bottom limitation上游领域 upstream扫描电镜（SEM） scanning electronic microscope设计 design设计原理 design principle神经网络 nerve network深穿透射孔枪弹 deep penetrating bullet深度 depth深井钻井 deep drilling深探井 exploration well渗流 phase flow s渗漏 leakage渗透 peculation `渗透率 fluid permeability渗透率各向异性 permeability anisotropy渗透率恢复值 return permeability渗透水化 osmotic hydration渗透性地层 permeable formation渗析纯化purified by dialysis method 声波测井 sonic logging声幅值 acoustic amplitude生产能力 production capacity生态环境 ecology environment生物处理 biological treatment生物毒性 biotoxicity生物降解 biological degradation生物聚合物 biological polymer ，xanthan 生物流化床法 biological fluid bed method 生物滤池法 bio-filter process生物转盘法 biological rotary method实验 trail十八醇 octadecanol失水 water loss失重 weightlessness， weight loss时间推移技术 time delaying method石膏 gypsolyte， gypsum石灰 lime石蜡 alpha ， paraffin wax石炭系 carboniferous system石英 quartz石油加工 oil refinery石油裂化 petroleum cracking process施工作业 field operation事故率 failure rate湿挤压 wet-extrusion室内模拟实验 simulating lab test室内实验和现场 lab and field室内研究 laboratory study室温 ambient temperature适量 defined amount适应温度 reaction temperature示踪分析法 mud filtrate tracer analysis释放 release收缩 shrink疏水性 hydrophobicity叔胺盐 tertiary ammonium salt数据库 data base数学模型 mathematical model数字模拟 digital analog塑料小球 plastic beads树脂 resin， colophony s束缚 irreducible束缚水 bond water衰变 decay瞬时滤失 instantaneous filtration ， spurt loss瞬时速度 instantaneous velocity双层组合套管固井技术 pipe-in-pipe casing string双电层斥力 double electrode layer repulsion双分支侧钻水平井 bi-lateral sidetracking horizontal well 水包油型乳化液 oil-in-water fluid水不溶物 water insoluble matter水层 water layer水化 hydration水化膨胀分散 hydrous disintegration水化抑制剂 hydrate control水泥环 cement sheath水泥浆 cement slurry水泥石 set cement水泥熟料 cement clinker水泥早强剂 cement hardener水解 hydration水解度 hydrolyzing degree水力学 hydraulics水基泥浆 water-base drilling fluid水敏性 water sensitivity水平井段 net horizontal section水平井段长 extended horizontal depth水平井偏心环空 horizontal eccentric annulus水平位移 horizontal displacement水溶性 water-soluble水溶液 aqueous solution水锁 water lock水眼粘度 bit nozzle viscosity ，Casson high shear viscosity 锶 strontium四苯硼酸钠 sodium tetraphenyl borate四级固控系统 four stage solid control system四球机 four-ball instrument松弛测量法 relaxation measurement松散地层 unconsolidated formation松散吸附水 adsorbed water塑性粘度 plastic viscosity塑性水泥 plastic cement速度场 velocity field速敏 speed-sensitivity速凝 fast setting速凝剂 accelerator酸度计滴定法 acidometer titration酸酐 anhydride酸碱滴定法 acid-base titration酸敏 acid sensitivity酸溶性 acid soluble酸性条件 acidic condition酸性粘土 acid clay酸渣 acid-slug随钻堵漏 plugging while drilling顺利 go smoothly缩合 condensation缩合共聚 condensation-copolymerization缩径 hole shrinkage羧基 carboxylic ，carboxyl羧甲基纤维素钠（Na-CMC） sodium salt of carboxy methyl-cellulose T塔里木盆地 tarim basin太古界 archaeozoic滩海 tidal坍塌 slough /cave坍塌压力 collapse pressure坍塌页岩 sloughing shale弹塑性 plastoelasticity弹性力学 elastic mechanic弹性模量 elastic modulus探井 prospecting well碳化 carbonization碳酸钙 calcium carbonate碳酸氢根离子（HCO3-） bicarbonate ion碳酸盐 carbonate碳质 carbon羰基 carboxide陶粒 ceramsite套管 casing套管壁 casing wall套管居中 casing centralization套管开窗井段 window killing section套管外封隔器 external casing packer特低密度 ultralow density特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity梯度 gradient梯度多凝水泥浆 gradient multi-setting cement slurry 提出 propose提取 extraction体积分布 volume distribution体积分散 volume ratio体积恢复当量 equivalent volume体系 system天然或人造 natural and synthetic填充粒子 filler particle田青粉 sesbania调凝剂 thickening time control agent调整井 adjustment well铁垢 iron dirty铁矿粉 hematite铁离子（Fe） ferrous ion铁离子稳定剂 ferrous stability铁落木质素磺酸盐 fer-rochrome lignosulfonte烃类 hydro carbons通井 drafting process同时 simultaneously同心环空 concentric annulus统计 statistics统计分析 statistics analysis投料比 rate of charge土酸 clay/mud acid钍 thorium途径 way突破 breakthroughW外部因素 external factors外源 exogenous完井液 completion fluid完善井 improved well完钻井深 total depth烷基化 alkylate烷氧基 alkoxy万能显微镜 all-powerful microscope维护简单 maintenance is simple危险区 dangerous zone微观 microcosmic微晶 micro-crystal微粒迁移 fine migration微裂缝 micro-fissure/fracture， microcrack 微米 micron， micrometer微泡沫钻井液 micro-foam drilling fluid微膨胀 minimum inflation微生物 microbe尾管 liner位移与垂深比 displacement/vertical depth 未动用石油储藏 undeveloped reservoir文献 documents published温度 temperature稳定泡沫钻井液 stable foam drilling fluid稳定指数 stability index稳态波动压力 steady surge pressure紊流 turbulence紊流顶替 turbulence displacement紊流剂 turbulent inducing agent紊流流场 turbulence flow flied紊流脉动 turbulent fluctuation无毒 non-toxicity无毒生物可降解润滑剂 non-toxicity degradable lubricator 无固相 solidfree无粘土 clayfree无机 inorganic无机盐 inorganic salt无量纲因子 no-dimensional factor无味 odourless污染 contamination污水回注 waste water reinjection污油 sump oil雾化空气钻井 misted air drilling物理化学性质 phy-chemical property物性测量 petrophysical properties误差 measurement error误差反向分析 error reversed spread methodXX-射线衍射分析 X-ray diffraction analysis吸附层厚度 adsorption thickness吸附等温曲线 adsorption isothermal curve吸附量 adsorbance吸附膨胀实验 adsorption swelling method吸附平衡 adsorption equilibrium稀硅酸盐 dilute silicate稀释剂 thinner稀释作用 dilution effect烯类单体 allyl monomer洗井 well clean-up洗井液 flushing fluid洗油性能 wash oil character细度 suitability， granularity系列化 systematization系统 system系数 coefficient， factor糠虾 shrimp下部地层 lower segment下套管 running casing下尾管 liner running先漏后喷 loss circulation followed blowout 纤维 fiber纤维素 cellulose显示器 display screen酰胺基 amide group现场 flied ，rig site ，wellsite ， onsite 现场试验 field trial/test现场应用 flied using现状 current level ，present situation线性回归 linear regression线性石蜡 linear alpha线性α-烯烃 linear alpha olefins相 phase相对稳定指数 relative stability index相互缠绕 involvement相互关系 correlation香豆胶 fenugreek gum橡胶 rubber硝基腐殖酸钾 nitro-potassium humate ，nitro-humic potassium 硝酸铈胺（CAN） cerous ammonium nitrate消泡 defoaming消泡剂 defoamer ， antifoaming agent消泡率 defoamed ratio消泡指数 defoaming index小井眼 slim hole携带液 carrying fluid携砂性能 proppant carrying capacity携岩性能 cuttings carrying capacity斜深 along hole depth协同抑制 synergistic inhibition协同作用 synergistic action纤维形态 fiber shape纤维素 cellulose先增加后减少 climb up and then decline相当长时间 considerable long time相应的 homologous新型 novel锌 zinc形成 transform into性能 property /capacity性能指标 property index修井液 workover fluid溴盐 bromine虚泥饼 false filter cake絮凝剂 flocculant续 continuation悬锤 suspending hammer悬浮特性 cuttings suspending characteristics旋转粘度计 rotary viscosimeter选择性堵水 selective water shutoff雪佛龙公司 chevvon companyY压差 differential pressure压差卡钻 differential pressure sticking （of tool ）压耗 pressure loss压井液 well control fluid ，killing fluid压力激动 pressure kick压力降 pressure drop压力梯度不等 imparity pressure gradient压力系数 pressure coefficient压力异常 unnormal formation pressure压裂支撑剂 proppant压裂液 fracturing fluid压裂作业 fracturing work压漏薄弱地层 leakage of thin layer亚甲基 methylene亚甲基蓝吸附法 methylene blue test adsorption亚类 subgenera亚硫酸钠 sodium sulfite亚微颗粒 submicron particle盐度 salinity盐膏层 gypsum/slat bed盐粒 sized salt盐水 brine ，salt盐酸 hydrochloric acid严重 grave研究 research/study研究院 research institute研究与应用 study and application岩石力学 rock mechanic岩相学分类 lithologic division岩屑床 cuttings bed岩屑滚动回收率 cuttings roller recovery岩心端面 core edge岩心分析 core anylysis岩心流动实验 core flow test岩性特征 petrography character岩样 rock sample衍生物 derivate阳离子 cationic阳离子价数 cationic valence阳离子交换能力 cationic exchange capacity 阳离子交换容量 cationic exchange content 氧 oxygen氧化钙（CaO） calcium oxide氧化沥青 oxidated asphalt养护温度和时间 curing temperature and time 页岩稳定 shale stability页岩抑制性 shale inhibition液体非定常流动 fluid abnormal motion液柱压力 fluid column pressure一般性能 generic performance一开 surface section一氯乙酸 chloroacetic acid仪器 apparatus伊利石 illite伊蒙混层 illite/smectite formation乙烯基单体 vinyl monomers乙酰乙酸乙酯（EAcAc） ethyl acetoacetate抑制性 inhibitive ability抑制性差 poor inhibity抑制剂 inhibitor易坍塌泥页岩 unstable shale异常高压 anomalous pressure阴离子 anionic阴离子交换容量（AEC） anionic exchange capacity引发剂 initiating agent隐蔽性 elusive荧光 florescence荧光分析仪 fluorescence analyser荧光干扰录井 natural florescence interferes with logging job 荧光级别高 high class of florescence荧光录井 fluorologging荧光强度 fluorescence intensity影响因素 effect factor影像检测 imaging recognization硬脆性泥页岩 hard and crisp/brittle shale ，fragile shale硬胶泡沫钻井液 ebonite foam drilling fluid应用 application应用表明 test and verify应力 stress应力敏感性 stress sensitivity永久性 permanent有机硅 organo-silica有机配位体 organic ligand有效成分 effective constituent玉米淀粉 corn starch预测 pre-determination预处理 foreprocess原理和优缺点 pros and cons原生裂隙发育 abundant in original fissures原子 atom游离油 free oil油包水型乳化液 water-in-oil fluid油层损害 formation damage油管 tubing油管钢 casing steel油气层 hydrocarbon reservoir油气层保护 formation damage control ，reservoir protection 油气含量 hydrocarbone content油气水层活跃井 oil-gas-water active well油溶性 oil soluble油润湿 oil wetting油田污水回注 rejection of oil flied effluent油酯 grease油珠 oil droplets优化 optimum优化使用 optimum usage优选优配 optimum combination有毒物质 hazardous materials有害固相 harmful solids有机盐 organic slat有机盐溶液 organic slat solution有机质 organic matter有机酯类化合物 organic ester compound有助于 take benefit of优良 distinct又喷又漏 simultaneous happeness of loss circulation and blowout 铀 uranium预胶化淀粉 pregelatinized starch预探井 exploration well缘 rim原油 crude oil云母 micaZ杂质 dirt ， impurity在...范围内可调节 be conditional within在...之间 at a point with在低温低压条件下 under low temperature low pressure暂堵剂 temporary plugging additive早强剂 early strength agent早强增塑剂 early strength plasticizer造壁性 well building property造浆粘土 mud-making clay造斜井段 kick-off ， build up section造斜率高 higher rate of building angle造纸 papermaking皂仁 soap增产/效 stimulation增粘剂 thickening agent ， viscosifier增韧剂 toughness reinforcing agent增效剂 potentiating agent增注 stimulation of injection well张力 tension找漏 locate thief zone针对 on account of针对性 pertinence针入度仪 penetrometer珍珠岩 powder pearl蒸馏水 distilled water正 positive正电胶 positive electricity emulsion mud， cationic gel， positive colloid 正电性 electropositivity正丁醇 butarolLc50/96h值 half lethal concentration in 96 hours支撑剂 proppant直角稠化 right angle thickening直链饱和烃 straight chain saturation alkane植物胶 vegetable gum植物油 vegetable oil指数关系 exponential relation指数模式 power law model酯化 esterfying酯基 ester质量分布 weight distribution致密坚韧的胶膜 compact strong gel film制备 manufacture滞缓 attenuate滞流带 layer flow逐步回归分析 step regression逐步筛选因子 step sizing factor主链 main chain主题词 subject terms紫外线光谱 ultraviolet spectroscopy自来水 tap water自然伽玛能谱测井 natural gamma ray spectrometry log 自上而下 from top to bottom自由水 free water中半径水平井 medium radius horizontal well中长筒取芯 middle-long coring barrel中生界 Mesozoic中性润湿 middle wet重量法 gravimtric analysis重铬酸钾 potassium dichromate重金属离子 heavy metal ion重晶石 barite重塞 weighty mud plunger主要因素 key factor注气井 gas injection well注水 water flooding注水开发 waterflooding extraction注入水 injected water助表面活性剂 cosurfactant助剂 assist/auxiliary agent助排剂 discharge aiding agent专利 patent转动 rotate ，rotation转轮实验法 roller mass loss method转动钻具 drilling pipe in rotation准螺旋 similar spiral浊点 cloud point自动加重技术 automatically weighting technology自流井 fountain well侏罗系 Jurassic综合评价 comprehensive evaluation总结 summarize总量 total content总体设计 general design纵向压力 longitudinal pressure阻力 drag阻力系数 resistance coefficient阻尼 damp组成 constituent组分 component钻杆 drill stem钻井管材 drilling pipe钻井过程 drilling process钻井所 drilling institute钻井完井液 drill in fluid钻井压差 drilling pressure differential 钻井液 drilling fluid钻井液结构 drilling fluid structure钻井液密度 drilling fluid density钻井液排放 drilling fluid discharge钻井液配方 drilling fluid composition钻井周期 drilling cycle/period/term钻具 drilling tads ，drill stem钻具腐蚀 corrosion of drilling pipe钻具偏心度 excentricity of drilling pipe 钻速 penetrate/drilling rate钻柱 drill string/pipe钻头 bit钻屑 drilling cuttings钻屑回收率 cuttings recovery钻屑污染 cuttings contamination 井斜 maximum inclination最低程度 minimum level值 optimum value最小二乘法 least square method 最小值 minimal value作用机理 mechanism。
钻井液基础知识
钻井液基础知识一、钻井液概述1、钻井液概念钻井液是由粘土、水（或油）以及各种化学处理剂组成的一种溶胶悬浮体的混合体系。
2、钻井液的分类（1）淡水钻井液（2）钙处理钻井液（3）不分散低固相聚合物钻井液（4）盐水钻井液（5）饱和盐水钻井液（6）钾基钻井液（7）油基钻井液（8）气体钻井液3、钻井液在钻井中的作用（1）清洗井底，携带岩屑，保持井底干净，保证钻头不断的破碎地层，使钻进不中断。
（2）平衡地层中的流体压力，防止井喷、井漏等井下复杂情况，保护油气层。
（3）平衡岩石侧压力，并在井壁形成泥饼，保持井壁稳定，防止地层坍塌。
（4）发挥水力效能，传递动力，冲击井底，帮助钻头破碎井底岩石，提高钻井速度。
（5）悬浮岩屑和加重剂，降低岩屑沉降速度，避免沉砂卡钻。
另外承受钻杆和套管的部分重力。
（6）润滑并冷却钻头钻具。
（7）防止地层中盐水、岩盐、石膏、芒硝等对钻井液的污染，防止硫化氢污染和损害。
（8）利用钻井液，准确获得井下资料。
二、钻井液性能指标1、钻井液密度（1）概念：指单位体积钻井液的质量，常以g/cm3表示。
（2）钻井液密度与钻井的关系密度的大小直接关系着钻井速度的快慢，因此密度必须符合地质和工程的要求，大小适中。
密度过大有以下害处：A、损害油气层B、降低钻井速度C、过大压差易造成压差卡钻D、易憋漏地层E、易引起过高的粘切F、多消耗钻井液材料和动力G、抗污染能力下降密度过低则容易发生井喷、井塌、缩径及携岩能力下降等。
（3）提高钻井液密度的方法一般可在钻井液体系中加入密度较大的惰性物质，如石灰石粉、重晶石粉等；也可加入可溶性盐，另外根据情况可选用除气、除泡等工艺方法。
（4）降低钻井液密度的方法A、机械法：把有害物质通过机械设备清除，如使用震动筛、除砂器等。
B、稀释法：加入一定量的清水稀释钻井液，使其密度下降。
C、使用化学絮凝剂来降低密度。
D、使用发泡剂或充气来增大体积而降低密度。
2、钻井液的流动性（1）、钻井液的粘度、切力A、表观粘度：是用一定体积的钻井液流过规定尺寸的小孔所需的时间来表示。
石油工程钻井液词汇(中英文)
石油工程钻井液词汇(中英文)
bottom-hole pressure (SBHP)是静态井底压力，即钻井液处于静止状态时，井底的压力。
（3）wetted perimeter 湿周，所谓的湿周是指过流断面流体与固体边壁接触的长度。
（4）Simulating a Circulating Wellbore 模拟循环的井眼。
（5）又遇到一个“岩屑，钻屑”的词，Drill Solids,之前还有一个是用Drilling cutting 或者cutting来表示。
（6）non-aqueous drilling fluids无水钻井液，是以其他物质为基液的一种钻井液，多半是油基钻井液。
（7）critical temperature临界温度，critical deepth 临界井深（8）Geomechanics 地质力学，岩石地质上有关的力学知识。
（9）Mechanical Earth Model机械地球模型（10）常见的钻井事故：
井壁坍塌hole collapse 卡钻stuck pipe是指，钻柱在井眼内无法拔出和下入井内，被卡住。
（11）deviated well斜井相对应的是直井（Vertical Well），还有一种是水平井，即井的形状在水平段是水平的，整个井型呈现一定曲率形状。
（12）Poisson’s ratio泊松比，是以泊松人名命名的，表示岩石的变形特性的量，是指横向变形量比上纵向变形量的比值。
（13）
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钻井液术语与单位
钻井液常用术语及国际单位制单位简介“钻井液是钻井工程的血液”，非常形象地描述了钻井液在钻井工程中的重要性。
如同“血液”一样，钻井液的研究和现场应用需要用各种术语来描述钻井液的组成和性能，也需要用各种理论和公式来描述钻井液的性能，因而需要计量单位。
由于美国一直是世界石油大国，也是钻井大国，因此，所设计和使用的很多钻井液测试仪器及计量单位均采用了英制单位。
随着标准化工作的日益普及和深入，国内有关钻井液的计量单位在国家标准、行业标准及企业标准中均采用了国家法定计量单位，即国际单位制单位。
英制和国际单位制单位之间的不同，在实际应用中经常造成如何把英制计量单位换算成国国际单位制计量单位的问题。
为此，本文除讨论有关钻井液的常用术语外，还要讨论钻井液中常用的习惯计量单位和国际单位制单位之间的换算。
一、钻井液体系分类美国石油学会(American Petroleum Institute, 简称API)和国际钻井承包商协会(International Association of Drilling Contractors，简称IADC)把钻井液体系分为九大类，其中前六类为水基钻井液。
1、不分散钻井液体系(None-Dispersed Drilling Fluid System)所谓不分散钻井液是指通常用来钻浅部井段的钻井液，如开钻钻井液、自然造浆钻井液、轻微处理钻井液等。
在这类钻井液体系中，一般不使用稀释剂和分散剂，以防止钻屑和粘土颗粒的分散。
2、分散钻井液体系(Dispersed Drilling Fluid System)在较深的井深钻井过程中，若需要较高的密度，或井下情况较为复杂时，钻井液一般使用木质素磺酸盐、褐煤或丹宁类产品来分散。
这些产品和类似的产品是有效的解絮凝剂和降滤失剂。
经常使用含钾的化学品来提高钻井液的页岩抑制能力。
通常使用一些特殊的化学品来调整或维护钻井液性能。
钻井液常用术语及国际单位制单位简介3、钙处理钻井液体系(Calcium Treated Drilling Fluid System)在淡水钻井液中加入钙、镁等二价阳离子时，可抑制地层粘土和页岩的膨胀。
钻井液英语——精选推荐
548809079.doc第九章钻井液一.单词准备mud 泥浆drilling fluid 钻井液cutting 岩屑mud chemical 泥浆药品mud cake 泥饼mud weight(density) 泥浆重量（密度）viscosity 粘度filtrate 滤液water loss 失水gel initial 初切力gel strength 静切力solid control equipment 固控设备shale shaker 振动筛desander 除砂器desilter 除泥器centrifuge 离心机screen cloth 筛布ply 层mesh （筛布）目PH 酸碱值mud pit 泥浆池MBT=methylene blue test 亚甲基蓝测定法KCL氯化钾lime 石灰SAPP=sodium acid pyrophosphate 粒状焦性磷酸钠NaOH氢氧化钠，烧碱mud tank 泥浆罐mud gun 泥浆枪trip tank （起下钻）泥浆计量罐active tank 上水罐，在用罐intermediate tank 过渡罐GPM =gallon per minute 加仑/分钟1 US gallon 美加仑=3.785 liters 升1 barrel 桶=0.159 cubic meters 立方米1 SG(比重)X8.33=1 ppg 磅/加仑二.阅读练习1.固控设备评价和建议Performance of Solid Removal Equipment In RIG 5003 & Recommendations Prepared byAmmar A.MaroufDrilling Fluids Engineer50003队固控设备的性能特点和建议IntroductionThe types and quantities of solids present in drilling mud systems determine the fluid density , viscosity , gel strengths , filter cake quality and filtration control , and other chemical and mechanical properties > Solids and theirs volumes also influence mud and well costs , including factors such as , rate of penetration , hydraulics , dilution rates , torque and drag , surge and swab pressures , differential sticking , lost circulation , hole stability , and bit balling , these in turn , influence the service life of bits , pumps and other mechanical equipment .Chemicals , clays and weighting materials are added to drilling mud to achieve viarious desirable properties. Drill solids , consisting of rock and low –yielding clays , are incorporated into the mud . These solids affect many mud properties adversely . Nevertheless , since it is not possible to remove all drill solids either mechanically or by other means – They must be considered a continual contaminant of a mud system .Solid removal is one of the most important aspects of mud systems control , since it has a direct bearing on drilling efficiency . Money spent for solids control and for solving problems related to drill solids represents a significant portion of overall drilling costs . Solid control is a constant problem every day . on every well.FundamentalsDrilling mud solids may be separated into two categories: Low Gravity Solids (LGS) with Specific Gravity in the 2.3-2.8 range , and High Gravity Solids (HGS) with SG of 4.2 or higher . Weighting materials such as Barite or Hematite comprise the HGS category and are used to achieve densities greater that 10 PPG . Drill solids , clays and most other mud additives fall into the LGS category and often ate the only solids used to obtain densities up to 10 ppgOne of the primary uses for drilling fluids to carry unwanted drilled solids from the borehole. The solid s are essentially a contaminant and, if left in the mud, it can lead to numerous operational problems. Three options to maintain drilling fluid properties∙Do nothing and let the solid build up. When the mud no longer meets specification, dump it and start with fresh mud.∙Dilute the mud and rebuild the system to keep the properties with acceptable ranges, while dumping excess mud to the reserve pit.∙Lower the solid content of the mud through solids removal equipment to minimize the addition/dilution necessary to maintain acceptable properties.In recent years, increased public awareness of environmental issues has provided both regularly and economic incentives to minimize drilling waste. In many instances, the first two choices have become very expensive and unacceptable. This has served to stress the importance of the third option, efficient solid control. Using solids control equipment to minimize addition/dilution volumes is normally most effective and provide the following benefits:❑Lower water requirements and Less mixing problems❑Increased penetration rates Reduced torque and drag❑Lower ECD & Reduced system pressure losses❑Better cement jobs and Reduced formation damage❑Less differential sticking❑Reduced environmental impactIt is apparent from this list that the role of solid control is instrumental in the maintenance of good drilling fluid. Although the benefits from good solids control are numerous, the cost savings are not appear in normal drilling cost accounting.Usually the drilling fluid gets most of the credit (or blame) since mud material consumption is easily tracked and the mud properties are the only direct indication of solids control performance. In realistic sense, the mud and the solids control equipment are integral part of one system. One cannot plan the mud without considering the solid control system and vice versa.Solid control is accomplished by using one or more of the basic methods of solid separation :-SettlingScreeningHdrocyclonesRotating CentrifugesHydocyclones and centrifuge use centrifugal force to obtain higher rates of Separationthan can be achieved by gravitational settling . These method are governed by well-known laws of physics . If the mud kept moving so that the gel strength broken , then the settling of particles is governed by strokes Law which isVs = g c D s(q s-q t)/ 46.3uThe equation is a mathematical expression of events commonly observed , i.e, the larger thedifference between the density of the solid and the density of the liquid q s-q tthe faster the solid will settle , and the lower the fluid viscosity (u) the faster solid will settle . beside the influence of the force action gc which will increase the settling rate .Shale shakerThe most important solid control devices are shale shakers , which are vibrating screen separators used to remove drill cuttings from mud . It has proven to be a simple and reliable method of moving large amount of coarse, drilled cuttings from circulating system. As the first step in the mud cleaning /solids –removal chain , they represent the first line of defense against solids accumulation . Shale shakers differ from the other solids removal equipment in that they produce nearly a 100% cut ( D100) at the screen opening size .A 200 –square mesh shale shaker screen will remove 100% of the solids greater than 74 micron , thereby eliminating the needs for a Desander . Also the shakers provide the advantage of reducing solids loading to the down stream hydocyclones to improve their efficiency beside no t degrading soft or friable cuttings. When well –operated and maintained, shale shakers can produce a relatively dry cuttings discharge.Enough shakers should be installed to process the entire circulating rate with the goal of removing as many drilled cuttings as economically feasible. Unless the shale shakers are operating properly , and have screens of the finest mesh possible , all other equipment is subject to overloading and inefficient operation . Shakers cannot remove silt and colloidal –size solids , so dilution and other equipment is required to control ultra-fine drill solids .HydrocyclonesHydrocyclones are a-cost effective method of removing many of fines solids missed by the shaker in unweighted muds. A centrifugal pump feeds a high – volume mud through a tangential opening into the large end of the funnel – shaped hydrocyclone . when the proper amount of head ( Pressure ) is used , this results in a whirling of the fluid much like the motion of water spout , tornado or cyclone expelling wet ,higher mass solids out the open bottom while returning the liquid through the top of the hydocyclone , so all the hydocyclone operate in a similar manner , whether they used desnder or desilter .In some formations, the solids are too fine for the shakers to remove; hydocyclones must be relied upon to remove the majority of the solids. In these instances, the shaker protects the hydro cyclone from oversize particles, which may cause plugging. Because the hydocyclone has no moving parts, it can be very reliable pieces of solids removal equipment when correctly operated and maintained.Hydocyclones separate solids from fluid by using centrifugal force to cause solids to be settled from the fluid. There are no moving parts. Centrifugal force is created by the conversion of centrifugal pump head into high velocity stream spiraling within the cone.Oil field hydrocyclone are available in cone diameters ranging from 1 in to 12 in . Hydro cyclones were first used to reduce API sand content (Solid larger then 74 microns). Hence the term ―Desander‖ . By convention, hydrocyclones with diameters of 6 in. or larger are labeled as Demanders. As the benefits of smaller, more efficient Hydocyclones became apparent, the term Desilter was coined to reflect the sma ller ―silt-sized‖ particles, these smaller cones could remove. Hyrocyclones with diameters of less than 5 in are usually called Desilter . However, these terms are not based on any particular performance standard.The primary role of the Desander should be to reduce solids loading to the Desalted cones. It recommended when the shakers are unable to screen down to 100 microns or when large hole diameters are drilled at 100ft/hr or faster. Ten-inch diameter Desander cones are recommended. They provide combination of separation and capacity. The larger 12-in cones usually cannot make a fine enough cut to be economic. Desilter should be used on all un-weighted water based mud . They are recommended for use on weighted muds since barite will be lost . When using expensive mud , process the desilter underflow with a centrifuge.Mud CleanerBasically , a mud cleaner is a desilter mounted over a vibrating –screen shaker generally 12 or more 4 in . hydrocyclones above a very fine mesh screen , high energy shaker . A mud cleaner will remove sand size drill solids from the mud , yet retain the barite . it first processes the mud through the desilter , then screens the discharge through a fine mesh shaker .A mud cleaner , in effect , desands a weighted mud and it is aback up to the shale shakers . mud cleaner screens vary in size from 120 mesh to 325meshCentrifugeAs with hydrocyclones , decanting –type, centrifuge increase the forces causing separation of the solid by increasing centrifugal forces . The decanting centrifuge consists of a conical , horizontal steel bowl rotating at high speed , with screw –shaped conveyor inside . the conveyor rotates in the same direction as the outer bowl , but slightly slower speedEvaluation of Solid removal equipment Condition in RIG 50031.Shale ShakerNo. of Units - 3Made DerrickScreen Size - 140 x 110 x 84 mesh (Pyramid Type)Performance - Fairly good at mud density up to 1300 kg/m3.2. DesanderNo. of Unit - One(1)Type - Two(2) ConesMade - ChinaPerformance Very poor, with only one(1) cone can be operated at a time to attain the desired feed pressure.Efficiency - 3.7 % (Solids Removal). Feed Mud Wt - 1220 kg/m3,Overflow - 1215 kg/m3Underflow - 1260 kg/m3.(% removal = [(1260-1215)/1215 x 100.]Underflow Discharge Rate - 0.3 to 0.4 m3/hour.3. D esilterNo. of Unit - One (1)Type - Twelve (12) ConesMade - SWACO ( Plastic Cones made in China)Performance Very poor, with only eight (8) cones operating. Other cones were plugged intentionally due to big nozzle area and causing too much discharge.Efficiency 9.5 % (Solids Removal). Feed Mud Weight - 1220 kg/m3, Overflow -1215 kg/m3Underflow - 1330 kg/m3.( % removal = [(1330-1215)/1215 x 100]Underflow Discharge Rate = 0.6 to 0.8 m3/hour.4. C entrifugeNo. of Unit - One (1)Type - High SpeedMade - ChinaPerformance- Fairly Good but discharges both Barite and drilled solids.Efficiency 81 % (Solids Removal) at 20 - 25 gallons/minute. If Feed MudWeight - 1220 kg/m3,Overflow Weight - 1160 kg/m3,Underflow(all solids) - 2100 kg/m3.% Removal = [(2100 - 1160)/1160 x 100]Observations1. O nly one (1) feed pump is used for both the Desander and Desilter. The other feed pump isnotused due to high leakage of mud on the pump. There is no appropriate packing on site to seal off the leak.2. P ressure gauges on both Desander and Desilter are not working.Conclusion & RecommendationThe shale shakers installed on Rig 5003 are Derrick shakers, the screen sizes can be used is 84, 110, 140 , 175 mesh . The deck angle can be hydraulically adjusted which will improves control flow rate and solid dryness , also eliminates (Pooling ) and back spill of expensive barite with higher degree of adjustment also the proper adjustment of the vibrator angle will help in improving control of conveying speed and ideal for high solid loading specially during drilling the surface hole or when the drilling rates slow s near TD and finer cuttings are being separated . In general all the three Shakers are working good , Just some adjustment required for the vibrator angle for more separating efficiency .Recommendation for proper Operation of shale shakers1- Mount and operate the shaker in a level conditionBoth the solids and volume capacities will be reduced if a shaker is not level2- Provide the proper voltage and frequencyLow voltage reduces motor life , and low frequency reduces the vibrating motion and capacity .3- Be certain the vibrator is rotating in the proper direction for proper solid discharge4- install the proper screen support cushion in accordance with the manufactures directions ( screens that rub against steel rapidly wear out )5- Take special care to tension screens properly in accordance with the manufactures recommendations ( for more life)6- screens should be sized such that the mud will cover 75 to 80 % of the area7- With multiple deck shakers , the proper combination of screens sizes should be used .8- A water or oil hose should be provided to wash down the screens .9- A water or spray is occasionally used on the screens to assist the removal of sticky particlesHydrocycloneThe Desander condition is poor , one cone is working and the other is dumping mud more than separating solids . The Desilter performance is very poor, with only eight (8) cones operating. Other cones were plugged intentionally due to big nozzle area and causing too much discharge.On the other hand there is only one (1) feed pump is used for both the Desander and Desilter. The other feed pump is not used due to high leakage of mud on the pump. There is no appropriate packing on site to seal off the leak.Both of Desander and Desilter should be inspected prior start drilling the ne xt exploration well , Changing the washed cones is highly recommended for both to minimize the discharge rate and to maximize the separation efficiency , beside we strongly recommend to install another feed pump for the Desilter other pump should be checked and inspected, this was help in reclaiming the mud from the fine solids and keeping the solid content as lowest possible. Installing a mud cleaner is highly recommended if more explorations wells will be drilled . This is to save time which means s aving money .Maintenance and Trouble shooting of Desander & Desilter1- No wet solids discharge at the apex ( Bottom)One) b ottom opening plugged : Turn unit off . Lossen bottom adjustment . Push a rod up through the bottom opening to break up the drilled or caked mud , if this is not successful , remove the top of the hydrocyclone and make out object plugging apex .Two) f eed pressure (head ) too high : adjust to proper head pressure ,or 75+_ ft using accurate pressure gauge .Three) Mud cleaned of all particles hydrocyclone can remove : shut down or run it periodically2- Flooding liquid out of apex ( bottom)One) f eed pressure too lowTwo) h ydrocyclone inlet plugged resulted in inadequate feed pressure Three) Vortex finder plugged , resulting in back – pressure on hydrocyclone3- Hydrocyclones plugging One) feed header plugged Two)Hydrocyclone overloadedCentrifugeThe centrifuge working well and it was run intermittent , so as to avoid strip too much barite from the system.Recommendation for proper Operation of shale Centrifuge :1- Do not operate the centrifuge without the rotating assembly shroud and belt guards , fastened inplace2- Rotate the bowl by hand first to ensure ―free‖ movement . 3- Do not operate if unusual noise or vibration develops .4- Allow the units to attain desired rotational speed prior to starting the feed pump. 5- Do not overfeed ―crowd‖ the centrifuge .6- Heavily weighted and viscous fluid require lower feed rates and higher dilution rates7- Ensure proper agitation is available at the centrifuge pump suction and in the barite return tank.2. 腐蚀环测试报告腐蚀环是用于评价钻井液腐蚀性的一种方法，通常预先称出其重量，然后分别在钻铤和钻杆之间及方钻杆下部各放置一个，在井下与钻井液接触一段时间（不少于50小时）后，取出腐蚀环称重、检测，获得钻井液的腐蚀性和腐蚀特征。
现场钻录井词汇
现场钻录井词汇（一）取心作业Coring Operation (取心作业) Recovery （收获率）(Diamond) (Bit )Coring Barrel （取芯筒）Inner Barrel（内筒）Fixed-cutter Core Bit（镶齿取芯筒）Core Catcher（岩心爪）Water Courses（水眼）Sidewall Cores (井壁取心)Sidewall Core Gun（井壁取芯器）Explosive（爆炸装置）含油级别Gas Shows （气显示）Oil Shows （油显示）Oil Saturated（饱含油）Oil Immersed（富含油）Oil Soaked（油侵）Oil Stain （油斑）Oil Trace（油迹）Fluorescence（荧光—Fluorescence,直照－Cut Fluorescence,滴照）Ultraviolet（紫外线）----Distribution(分布),Color（颜色）,Intensity（强度）,Fluorescence（荧光）油气水解释Oil Layer（油层）Oil-water Layer（油水同层）Water With Oil Layer（含油水层0Dry Layer（干层）Gas Layer（气层）Gas-water Layer（气水同层）Water Layer（水层）油、气、水Hydrocarbon （烃）Paraffins(烷烃)Methane (C1)Ethane (C2)Propane (C3)Normal Butane (nC4)Iso-butane (iC4)Normal Hexane (nC5)Iso-hexane (iC5)Peak （峰值）Acetylence（乙炔）Non-hydrocarbon Gasea （非烃）Inert（惰性）--Helium(He),Argon(氩)，Radon(氡)Acidic—Nitrogen(N2),Carbon Dioxide(CO2),HydrogenSulfide(H2S),Hydrogen(H2), Chlorides（氯化物）Hydrocarbon Liquids(流体):Oil—Paraffinic（石蜡），Aromatic（芳香烃）Characterisics—Fluorescence(Color,Quantity,Intensity强度&级别) ,Stain（染色），Odor,Cut,Cut fluorescence（滴照）Sulphide(硫化物)，Dioxide（二氧化碳），Chlorides（氯化物）Carbon Black （碳黑）Asphalt/Pitch/Bitumen（沥青）Wet Gas （湿气）Dry Gas （干气）Gas Cap （气顶）Free Gas/Liberated Gas （游离气）Associated Natural Gas （伴生气）Gasoline （汽油）Kerosene （柴油）Lubricants （润滑油）Carbon Black （碳黑）Biogenic Gas （生物气体）Gas Injection （注气）Lean Gas (贫气)Background Gas （背景气）Tripping Gas （起、下钻气）Short Trip Gas（短起下气）Survey Gas（测斜气）Pump-off Gas（停泵气体）Gas Aftereffects （后效气）Secondary Gas Aftereffects（二次后效气）Pipe Gas,Connection Gas,Kelly-cut Gas（接单根气）Calibrated Gas （试验气）Post-Drilling Gas （钻后气）Ditch Blackground（钻井液池背景气）Gas Shows （气显示）Oil Shows （油显示）Gas seep（气苗）Seepage（油苗）Gas Injection （注气）Contaminated(被污染的) Gas（污染气，由于加入了荧光添加剂或泥浆受到了其它物品的污染而使气体基值幅度上升，此时，应及时标注该项）Contaminants（混油、杂质）记录&报表&完井报告Starting Reaming Depth （开始划眼深度）Spud In （开钻）Finish Drilling （完钻）Drilling to Completion （完钻----设计井深）Total Depth （完钻井深）Driller Adjust Depth （可钻校正井深）Completion （完井）Completion Operation （完井作业）Spud Date （开钻日期）Logging Start Date /Depth（录井开始时间／深度）Logging End Date /Depth（录井结束时间／深度）Seismic Data（地震数据）Stratigraphic Column（地层柱状剖面图）Lithostratigraphic Classification（岩性地层划分）现场钻录井词汇（二）泥浆性能Mud Properties (泥浆性能)Specific Gravity (相对密度)Density（密度）Shear force (切力)Gel Strength (Gels) （静切力&胶凝强度）Sand cut, sand content (含砂)Mud cake, cake ,Wall Cake (泥饼)pH=potential of Hydrogen, （氢离子浓度倒数的对数Ph=log10(1/<H+>), 如：Ph meter, ph valueFunnel Viscosity(VIS)（漏斗粘度）Plastic Viscosity(PV) （塑性粘度）Water Loss(WL) (失水)Yield Point （屈服值）Filtrate （滤液）岩层、矿物、滤液等性质Streak（条痕）Luster（光泽）Resistivity（电阻率）Conductor（电导）Viscosity （粘度）Saturation（饱和度,S）Relative Saturation（相对饱和度）Permeability（渗透率,K）Porosity（孔隙度,Ф）Concentration（浓度）Solubility（溶解度）Hardness/Induration（硬度）Critical Pressure（临界压力）Electrical Stability（电性）Dilute（稀释）井别Scientific Well (参数井)Wild cat Well (预探井) Exploration Well (探井)Evaluation Well (评价井)Production Well (生产井)完井作业Measurement After Drilling（钻后测量,MAD）Bottom Hole Pressure Test （井底压力测试）DST （中途测试）Formation Leak-off Test (地层破裂压力测试) Pressure Testing （试压）Monitor Pressure（监控压力）Plug Back (填井)Sidetracking (侧钻)Percussion Operation (射孔)Cementing Plug (打水泥塞)Open Hole Completion （裸眼完井）Waiting On Cement （侯凝）Cement Job（固井施工）Acidizing (酸化)Gas Injection （注气）Contaminants（混油、杂质）固井Cement Job （固井施工）Cementing Plug (打水泥塞) Cement Drilling （钻水泥塞）Squeeze Cementing （挤水泥）Cement Slurry (水泥浆)Top of Cement （水泥返高面）Bump Plug （碰压）Spacer （隔离液）Loss Circulation Zone （漏失层）Thief Zone （高渗透层）工程&施工过程名称Blow Out Preventor (BOP) Drill (防喷演习) Cement Drilling（钻水泥塞）Annulus（环空）Preventative Measurement（预防措施）Fracture Gradient（压裂梯度）现场钻录井词汇（三）工程、泵、管线设备泥浆罐Desander（除砂器）Desilter（除泥器）Degaser（除气器）Active Pits（循环罐）Build Mud（配泥浆）Sheat Tanks(剪切罐)Mud Mixing Hopper（泥浆搅拌漏斗）Fixed Mud Gun（固定泥浆枪）Movable Mud Gun（摇转式泥浆枪）Suction Tank or Mud Tank（泥浆池）Settling Pit（沉砂池）Mud Return Ditch（泥浆槽）Shale Shaker（震动筛）Mesh（筛布）泵Flow Rate (排量)Centrifugal Water Pump (离心泵) Slush Pump（泥浆泵）管线Choke Manifold（节流管汇）Cross Tee（四通）Mud Tank Connections（泥浆池连通管）Water Supply Line（供水管线）Suction Line（上水管线）Mud Line Manifold（泥浆管线）各种完井液Completion Fluid (完井液)Cement Slurry（水泥浆）fracturing fluid, breakdown fluid, frac fluid,（压裂液）preflush, ahead fluid, pad fluid, （前置液）displacement fluid, （顶替液）insulating liquid, seal liquid, spacer fluid, （隔离液）Filtrate （滤液）Contaminants（混油、杂质）各种管具、工具钻具接头(Joints)Internal Flush Tool Joint（内平式接头）Streamline Tool Joint, Full Hole Tool Joint（贯眼式接头）Regular Tool Joint（正规式接头）Internal Upset（内加厚）External Upset（外加厚）Saver Sub（保护接头）钻杆Spiral-wate Drill Pipe（螺旋加重钻杆）High Weight Drill Pipe （加重钻杆，HWDP）Kelly (方钻杆)钻头Jet Nozzles (钻头喷嘴)Cutter Bit（牙轮钻头）Turbo-drilling（涡轮）New Bit（新钻头，NB）Core Bit（取芯钻头,CB）Rerun Bit（再次使用钻头,RRB）Rerun Core Bit（再次使用取芯钻头RRCB）钻铤Non-magnetic Drill Collars（无磁钻铤）Pendulum Effect（钟摆效应）----纠斜套管Casing（套管）Shallow Surface Casing（表套）Wellhead，Casing Head（套管头）Float Collar（浮箍）Float Nose = Guide Shoe = Set Shoe (引鞋)Loss Circulation Zone（漏失层）Thief Zone （高渗透层）大地方位Coordinates（坐标系）Latitude（纬度）Longitude（经度）Township（镇区）Region（地区）Drift （偏移）Direction/Orientation（方位）Deviation（井斜）Azimuth,Bearing（方位角）Inclination（倾角）Strike（走向）Dip Direction（倾向）Dip Angle（倾角）Hole Deviation (井斜)Deflecting Angle(造斜角)Kick-off Point（造斜点）Seismic Data（地震）测井及测斜Seismic Data（地震）Deviation Survey（测斜）Syphon Survey(虹吸测斜)Drop Survey （投测）Take a Totco Survey,Wire Line Survey（吊测）Strike（走向）Dip Direction（倾向）Dip Angle（倾角）Hole Deviation (井斜)Correct Drift (纠斜) Deflecting Angle(造斜角) Kick-off Point（造斜点）Drift （偏移）Direction（方位）Deviation（井斜）Azimuth,Bearing（方位角）Inclination（倾角）Displacement（位移）Caliper（测径仪）Deflecting Tool (造斜工具) DST （中途测试）Caliper Log （井径测井）BHCS （井眼补偿声波测井）CNL （补偿中子测井）Density Log （密度测井）DIL （双感应测井）Formation Density Log (地层密度测井)GR Log （自然伽玛测井）Induction Log （感应测井）Laterolog （侧向测井）Lithologic Log (岩性测井)LDL （岩性密度测井）Long Normal Resistivity Log (长电位电阻率测井) Short Normal Resistivity Log (短电位电阻率测井) NL （中子测井）Radioactivity Log （放射性测井）Sonic Log （声波测井）SP Log （自然电位测井）Temperature Log （温度测井）Wire Line Log （电缆测井）Acoustic Velocity Log (声速测井)Deflecting (造斜，如：Deflecting Angle造斜角，Deflecting Tool 造斜工具)其他Female Threaded（母扣）Male Threaded（公扣）Pipe Tally （钻具记录）Bottom Hole Assembly(井底钻具组合，BHA)Under Reamer(U/R) (扩大器)Reaming （扩眼器）Stabilizer（扶正器）Jar （振击器）Conductor Pipe (导管)Liner （尾管）Stovepipe (大直径导管)Tubing（导管/尾管）Bridge Plug（桥塞）Slug（断塞）Deflecting Tool (造斜工具)Kick-off Point（造斜点）Back Pressure Valve（回压凡尔）Float（单向阀）Ramp (坡道)Cone (牙轮)Leg of Bit (巴掌)Roller (滚珠)Hose（软管）现场钻录井词汇（五）报表记录名称Pipe Tally （钻具记录）Worksheet（工作报表）Geologic Literature（地质文献）仪器室内：New Bit（新钻头，NB）Core Bit（取芯钻头,CB）Rerun Bit（再次使用钻头,RRB）Rerun Core Bit（再次使用取芯钻头RRCB）Gas Extractor/Gas Trap (电脱)Change The Chromatogragh Ratio（改变图谱比例）Quantity Fluorescence Test(QFT) （定量荧光分析）Flame Ionization Detector(FID) (火焰离子鉴定器) Transerormer（变压器）Air Compressor(空气压缩机)Nominal Voltage（额定电压）Trivolt （三相电）Bivolt （二相电）Silicagel （硅胶）Safety Barrier（安全栅）Shaft Encoder（转轴编码器）Log Suite（录井组图）Peak （峰值）Lag Time----Down Time（下行时间）,Lag Time（上行时间）, Time to Travel Through The Surface Equipment（地面管汇滞后）Stratigraphic Column（地层柱状剖面图）Lithostratigraphic Classification（岩性地层划分）Microscope（显微镜）Sample Tray（取样盘）Single-edged（单面刀片）Abbreviation（缩略、写）Linear（线性）Logarithmic（对数）Pseudo-logarithmetic（虚拟对数）Histogram Fashion（矩形图）Vector Plot（矢量图）Square-plot（方格图）Drafted（草描）Remarks Column（备注栏）Calcimetry（灰质含量）Seismic Data（地震）室外：Flow Line （架空槽）Guard (of Rotary Drive) （转盘链条罩）Rotary Table （转盘）Rotary Hook （大钩）Draw Works （绞车）Substructure (under Drawworks) （绞车底座）Buffering Tank（缓冲罐）Damping（阻尼）构造皱曲要素：皱曲要素Elements (constituents) of Fold翼和翼角：limb顶和槽：apex, top枢纽：Pivot, hinge轴面：Axial surface pinacoid, axial plane其他：Dome（穹窿）地质术语沉积相组及各相组的相：陆相组（terrestrial facies, continental facies）：残积相（sedimentary facies），坡积相(talus facies, outwash facies)，山麓-洪积相(piedmont-alluvial facies)，河流相(fluvial facies)，湖泊相(lacustrine facies, lagoonal facies)，沼泽相(paludal facies)，风成相(Aeolian facies)，冰川相(glacial facies)。
钻井液基本知识
钻井液基本知识钻井液是用于钻井的流体，在钻井中的功用：1、冲洗井底，悬浮携带岩屑，保持井眼洁净。
2、均衡地层压力，稳固井壁、防备井塌、井喷、井漏。
3、传达水功率、以帮助钻头破裂岩石。
4、为井下动力钻具传达动力， 5、冷却钻头、钻具。
6、利用钻井液进行地质、气测录井。
钻井液惯例性能对钻井工作有很大的影响。
一、钻井液密度1 、钻井液密度观点：单位体积钻井液的质量称为钻井液的密度，其单位是克/ 厘米3（ g/cm 3）常用符号表示。
现场一般用钻井液密度计测定钻井液的密度。
2、钻井液密度的计算公式P=(P 地× 102)÷H+PeP----钻井液密度g/cm 3式中：P 地 ----地层压力MPaH-----井深 mPe-----附带密度、油层附带—气层附带—因为起钻时可能产生抽吸或液面降落，此外，气体进入井内，也会惹起液柱压力降低，所以钻井液密度要有附带值。
3、钻井液密度与钻井工作的关系：在钻井作业中，钻井液密度的作用是经过钻井液柱对井底和井壁产生压力，以均衡地层中油、气压力和岩石侧压力、防备井喷、保护井壁，同时防备高压油气水侵入钻井液，免得破坏钻井液的性能惹起井下复杂状况，在实质工作中，应依据详细状况，选择适合的钻井液密度，若钻井液密度过小，则不可以均衡地层流体压力，和稳固井壁，可能惹起井喷、井塌、卡钻等事故，若钻井液密度过大则压漏地层，并易伤害油气层。
钻井液对钻速有很大的影响，密度大液柱压力也大，钻速变慢，因钻井液柱压力与地层压力之间的正压差使岩屑的除去遇到阻拦。
造成重复破裂，降低钻头破裂岩石的效率，使钻速降落，往常在保证井下状况正常的前提下，为了提升钻速，应尽量使用低密度钻井液。
二、钻井液粘度1 、钻井液的粘度观点:钻井液粘度是指钻井液流动时，固体棵粒之间,固体颗粒与液体分子之间,以及,液体分子之间内摩擦的总反应,钻井液粘度可用漏斗粘度计和旋转粘度计进行测定,因为测定的方法不一样,现场常采纳漏斗粘度计丈量钻井液的粘度,单位是秒。
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薄弱地层@weak formation
泊松比@poisson’s ratio
剥离@peel off
补救@remediation
不分散泥浆@nondispersed mud
不干扰地质录井@play no role in geological logging
不均质储层@heterogeneous reservoir
醋酸@acetate
醋酸钠@sodium acetate
窜流@fluid channeling
脆裂@embrittlement crack
脆性@brittle/crisp ,fragility
催化剂@accelerant , catalyst
萃取剂@extracting agent
螯合@chelation
凹陷@sag
凹陷地层@subsidence formation
奥陶系@Ordovician system
API模拟法@API recommened method
B
多靶点@multiple target point
白沥青@white asphalt
白油@mineral oil
狄塞尔堵漏剂@diacel plugging agent
滴定@titration
底水丰富@basal water abundance
底水油藏井@bottom water reservoir well
第二界面@second contact surface
缔合物@associated matter
初始粘度@initial viscosity
初探@primary investigation
处理剂@additive ,treating-agent
粗分散泥浆@coarse dispersed mud
粗泡沫堵漏工艺@coarse-foam plugging technology
促凝剂@accelerating agent
表面粘度@surface viscosity
表面抛光@sample surface
Aibbs表面弹性@Aibbs surface elasticity
表面张力@surface tension
表明@verify /reveal
表皮系数(S)@skiN-羟甲剂胺@N-hydroxymethyl amine
淡水@fresh water
单向压力暂堵剂@unidirectional pressure temporary plugging additive
导向螺杆钻具@stearable assemly
导向器@guider
等温曲线@isothermal curve
白云母@white mica
半透膜@semipermeable membrane
包被絮凝剂@flocculant
包被@envelop
包被抑制性@encapsulating ability
饱和度@saturation
饱和度剖面图@profile map of degree of saturation
单相关分析法@analyzing method of single correlation
单相关系数加权@coefficient weighted method of single correlation
单轴抗压强度@uniaxial compressive strength
氮@nitrogen
宾汉方程@bingham equation
丙三醇@glycerine
丙烯情@acrylonitrile
丙烯酸@acrylic acid
丙烯酸盐@acrylate
丙烯酰胺@acrylamide
薄而韧的泥饼@thin,plastic and compacted mud-cake@
层理@bedding
层流@layer flow
差减法@minusing
尝试@trial
柴油@diesel oil
长连缔合物@long chain associated matter
操作方法@operation method
超伸井@high deep well
超深预探井@ultradeep prospecting well
钻井液常用专业词汇（A-Z)
A
氨基三乙酸(NTA)@aminotriacetic acid
胺基@amino
铵基@ammonium
安全地层@safe formation
安全试破@safe destruction
安全钻井@safe drilling
坳陷@down warping region
不均匀@uneven
不可逆@irreversible
不同程度@inordinately
部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(PHPA)@partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide
C
参数优选@parametric optimization
残酸@reacted acid
饱和盐水@saturated salt water
背斜@anticlinal
钡@barium
苯环@benzene ring
苯酚@phenyl hydroxide
本质区别@essential difference
泵压过高@overhigh pumping pressure
比表面积@specific surface area
地层@formation
地层出液量@formation fluid production
地层破碎@straturn breaking
地层倾角大@higher formation clination
地层水@formation water
地层损害@formation damage
地面岩心压汞@surface core mercury injection test
除硫效果@sulfur limitation effect
除硫剂@sulfur elimination
除砂器@desander
触变性@thixotropy
触变剂@thixotropic agent
垂沉@sag
垂直井@vertical well
充气钻井液@aerated drilling fluid
标准粘度测量@standard visicosity measure
表面粗糙度@roughness of the surface
表面电位@surface electric potential
表面活性剂@surfactant ,surface active agent
表面能@interface energy
沉淀@precipitation
沉降@subside
沉降速度@settling rate
沉砂@sand setting
衬套@sleeve
程序@program
成对水平井@paired parallel horizontal wells
成分@ingredient
成胶剂@gelatinizing agent
超声波@ultrasonography
超高密度泥浆@extremely high density mud
超细碳酸钙@super-fine calcium carbonate
产层@production/pay zone
产层亏空@reservoir voidage
产量@production ,output
电泳法@electrophoresis method
电子探针@electron spectrum
调查@census
顶替过程@displacing operation
从…角度@from the standpoint of
丛式井@cluster well
稠化剂@gelling agent
稠油区@viscous oil area
稠油藏@high oil reservoir
初步分析@preliminary analysis
初始稠度@initial consistency
成膜树脂@film-forming resin
成岩性差@poor diagenetic grade
承压@bearing pressure
承压低@lower pressure resistance
承压能力@loading capacity
尺寸@dimension
斥力@repulsion
D
达西定律@Darcy’s equation
大段水层@thick aqueous formation
大分子氢键络合作用@polycomplexation of hydrogen bond
大灰量@mass slurry
大井斜角@high deviation angle
大块岩样@big rock sample
大块钻屑@massive drilling cuttings
大类@genera
大理石@marble
大砾石层@large gravel bed
大量分析@quantitative analysis
大排量洗井@high flow rate washover
大排量循环@high flow rate circulation