2答案
青骄第二课堂答案
青骄第二课堂答案青骄第二课堂答案 11、刘德华主演的电影《门徒》反映了( )地区制造的情况。
A、金三角B、银三角C、金新月D、以上答案都不正确正确答案：A2、强制隔离戒毒和社区戒毒的时间分别是多久?( )A、1年，1年B、1年，2年C、2年，3年正确答案：C3、据联合国有关部门统计，全球每年因吸毒死亡，吸毒丧失劳动能力的人数分别为( )，其中绝大多数为青少年。
A、20万、1000万B、15万、1500万C、20万、2000万D、25万、2500万正确答案：A4、氟硝安定俗称"十字架"、"FM2"、又被称为"约会强暴丸"，属于抑制剂类药物，是一种镇静催眠药，可让人持续睡眠( )小时。
A、3-4B、5-7C、8-10D、≧10正确答案：B5、世界艾滋病日是每年的何月何日?( )A、6月1日B、8月1日C、12月1日D、6月5日》》》青骄第二课堂学生登录入口2022(官网)正确答案：C6、艾滋病，全称是"获得性免疫缺陷综合症"，是一种由于机体感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒而发生的传染病，它的英文简称是( )。
A、HIDSB、IADSC、DHIOSD、AIDS正确答案：D7、众多种类的之中有很多的致幻类药品，这其中 ( )是已知药力最强的致幻剂。
A、K粉B、三唑仑C、麦角酰二乙胺D、可卡因正确答案：C8、( )俗称K粉，也称为开他命。
A、MDMAB、咖啡因C、氯胺酮D、可卡因正确答案：C9、生理脱毒阶段的时间大约为多久?( )A、半个月以下B、半个月C、1至6个月D、1至2年正确答案：B10、中学生参与禁毒的主要目的是通过学习禁毒知识，使自己增强( )的能力。
A、辨认B、防毒、拒毒C、法律D、生活正确答案：B》》》青骄第二课堂密码忘了怎么办?怎么重置?11、社区康复是对被解除强制隔离戒毒的人员进行带有强制性，不得限制人身自由，按本人自愿的原则在一定场所接受身体和心理康复的一种戒毒措施。
管理学基础形考任务2参考答案
目录
01 二、案例分析题
02 参考内容
1、简述计划工作的基本步骤。
计划工作包括以下几个基本步骤： （1）确定目标：明确计划要实现的目标，确定计划工作的方向和重点。
（2）分析形势：对当前形势进行全面分析，包括内外环境、资源条件、竞争 态势等方面的分析。
（3）制定方案：根据目标和分析形势的结果，制定实现目标的方案，包括具 体的措施、时间安排、资源分配等。
（2）分工合作：组织内的成员应该根据各自的能力和专长进行分工，同时又 要相互协作，形成一个有机整体，以实现组织目标。
（3）统一指挥：在组织中，每个成员都应该接受一个上级的指挥，确保组织 的统一性和协调性。
（4）权责相符：组织中的每个成员都应该明确自己的职责和权限，确保权责 相符，以便更好地履行职责。
A.组织目标
B.组织结构
C.规章制度
D.决策程序
正确答案是：A.组织目标。
2、在一个组织中，最能够体现组织成员自主性、积极性和创造性的领域是 （ ）。
A.组织目标
B.组织结构
C.规章制度
D.决策程序
正确答案是：A.组织目标。
3、在一个组织中，最能够体现组织成员自主性、积极性和创造性的领域是 （ ）。
导对新系统的重视程度不够。针对这些问题，可以采取以下改进建议：一是加 强员工培训和教育，提高员工的技能和知识水平；二是加强内部沟通和协调； 三是提高公司领导对新系统的重视程度和支持力度。通过这些措施可以提高先 进生产管理系统的实施效果和产品质量和管理水平。
参考内容
一、单项选择题
1、在一个组织中，最能够体现组织成员自主性、积极性和创造性的领域是 （ ）。
（5）灵活适应：组织应该具备灵活适应环境变化的能力，能够根据环境的变 化及时调整组织结构和运作方式。
2020全国卷2语文与答案
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷2）语文试题本试卷共22题，共150分，共10页。
.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
.2．答题时请按要求用笔。
.3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
把实物当作原物的倾向，在美术史领域根深蒂固。
事实上，实物并不等于原物，我们需要对美术史中“原物”的概念进行反思，对美术馆藏品的直觉上的完整性提出质疑。
这种反思和质疑并不是要否定这些藏品。
恰恰相反，它们可以在更大程度上发挥藏品作为历史材料的潜在意义。
一旦美术史家取消“实物”和“原物”之间的等号，他们就必须认真考虑和重构二者间的历史关系。
这会引导他们发现很多以前不曾想到的问题，其核心就是美术的“历史物质性”。
有研究者追溯郭熙《早春图》的渊源，提出这幅卷轴画原来是北宋宫殿一套建筑画中的一幅。
邓椿《画继》记载，他祖上被赐予一个宅子，他父亲被任命为提举官时，朝廷派遣一个中官监修这所宅第。
一天，邓椿的父亲看到裱工用“旧绢山水”擦拭桌子，他拿过来一看，发现竟是郭熙的作品。
那位中官说：“昔神宗好熙笔，一殿专背（即‘裱’）熙作，上（徽宗）继位后，易以古画，退入库中者不止此尔。
”邓父请求徽宗赏赐这些“退画”。
徽宗答应了，并派人把废弃的郭熙壁障整车拉到邓宅。
这个记载透露了宋神宗时期皇宫中“一殿专背熙作”的状态，这应该是郭熙创作《早春图》这类大幅山水时的状态。
因此，任何讨论这幅画的构图、功能以及观看方式的文章都必须首先重构这种原始状态。
刑法2作业答案
2，答案要点；
（1）2001年9月初，胡某通过国外网站邮购到一些淫 秽光盘具有走私淫秽物品的行为，如果数量在50张以 上的则构成走私淫秽物品罪。 （2）胡某用光盘刻录机进行复制，之后在网上登出广 告开展邮购服务，并卖出1600余张，从中牟利1万余元。 说明胡某构成复制，贩卖淫秽物品牟利罪。 （3）胡某制作了网站将其制作的淫秽光盘中的部分内 容上网供人免费欣赏。此行为胡某构成组织播放淫秽 音像制品罪。 （4）胡某制作的网站点击率高达5万余人次。“情节 严重”应以传播淫秽物品罪论处。 综上所述胡某应数罪并罚，另外胡某1999年的判刑又 构成累犯，所以应对胡某从严处罚。
构成了受贿罪，两罪“数罪并罚”。 （3）方某的行为;方某送给陈某和朱某 财物折合人民币17万余元，现金人民币 12万余元，美元1万余元，并使陈某越 权操作放纵方某公司偷税8238万元，方 某行为构成了行贿罪，根据刑法典第 390条规定，犯行贿的情节严重的处6年 以上10年以下有期徒刑，情节特别严重 的处10年以上有期徒刑或无期徒刑，并 没收财产。
案情：许某，男，38岁某市委办公室主任。…… 分析:对许某的行为应如何认定和处理(处理原 则)?为什么?
许某身份:某市委办公室主任,是国家工作人员 许某行为表现: 一, 收受3人的价值16万余元
的高档消费品和现金；二，给有关人士打招呼 使3人违规升职；三，许某没有把收受的财物 分给有关人士；四，许某已婚但有陈某同居, 邻居都认为他们是夫妻关系。
用自己照片以吴女士名义制作一张假身份证；用身份 证办同名信用卡，然后持卡消费5600元。） 用别人的钱用于自己消费
4，胡某触犯了几个罪名。
（伪造居民身份证；信用卡诈骗）
5,胡某1998年的行为对本案有何影响? 6,如何定罪?
2022新时代职业英语通用英语2书本答案
2022新时代职业英语通用英语2书本答案1、You wouldn't have seen her if it _____ not been for him . [单选题] *A. hasB. had(正确答案)C. haveD．is having2、—What ______ your sister ______ this Saturday?—Something special, because it’s her birthday. （）[单选题] *A. are; going to doB. is; going to do(正确答案)C. does; doD. did do3、Just use this room for the time being ,and we’ll offer you a larger one _______it becomes available [单选题] *A. as soon as(正确答案)B unless .C as far asD until4、He made ______ for an old person on the bus. [单选题] *A. room(正确答案)B. roomsC. a roomD. some rooms5、38．—Do you have ________else to say for your mistake?—________but sorry. [单选题] * A．anything; SomethingB．something; EverythingC．anything; Nothing(正确答案)D．something; Anything6、I am so excited to receive a _______ from my husband on my birthday. [单选题] *A. present(正确答案)B. percentC. parentD. peace7、John and Jack had looked for the key, but _____ of them found it. [单选题] *A. noneB. neither(正确答案)C. bothD. either8、Where have you _______ these days? [单选题] *A. been(正确答案)B. beC. isD. are9、?I am good at schoolwork. I often help my classmates _______ English. [单选题] *A. atB. toC. inD. with(正确答案)10、My daughter is neither slim nor fat and she’d like a _______ skirt. [单选题] *A. largeB. medium(正确答案)C. smallD. mini11、I don’t like snakes, so I ______ read anything about snakes.（）[单选题] *A. alwaysB. usuallyC. oftenD. never(正确答案)12、My father and I often go ______ on weekends so I can ______ very well. （）[单选题] *A. swim; swimmingB. swims; swimC. swimming; swimmingD. swimming; swim(正确答案)13、—______ pencils are these?—They are Tony’s.（）[单选题] *A. WhatB. WhereC WhoD. Whose(正确答案)14、100．The bus can ______ you to the Great Wall. [单选题] *A．leaveB．take(正确答案)C．changeD．spend15、Mom is making dinner. It _______ so nice! [单选题] *A. smells(正确答案)B. tastesC. feelsD. sounds16、—Judging from ____ number of bikes, there are not many people in the party.—I think so. People would rather stay at home in such _____ weather. [单选题] *A. the, aB. a, /C. the, /(正确答案)D. a, a17、—______ do you play basketball?—Twice a week.（）[单选题] *A. How often(正确答案)B. How muchC. How manyD. How long18、You can ask（）is on duty there tonight. [单选题] *A. WhatB. whomC. whoever(正确答案)D. whomever19、—Excuse me, how long does it ______ to walk to the library? —About 15 minutes, I’m afraid.（）[单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. spendC. costD. pay20、Chinese people spend _____ money on travelling today as they did ten years ago. [单选题] *A. more than twiceB. as twice muchC. twice as much(正确答案)D. twice more than21、31．That's ______ interesting football game. We are all excited. [单选题] *A．aB．an(正确答案)C．theD．/22、--What are the young people doing there？--They are discussing how to _______?the pollution in the river. [单选题] *A. come up withB. talk withC. deal with(正确答案)D. get on with23、26．—Mary, is this your pen?—No, it isn't. ________ is black. [单选题] *A．MyB．IC．MeD．Mine(正确答案)24、______ visitors came to take photos of Hongyandong during the holiday. [单选题] *A. ThousandB. Thousand ofC. ThousandsD. Thousands of(正确答案)25、17．—When ________ they leave here?—Tomorrow morning. [单选题] *A．doB．will(正确答案)C．doesD．are26、I have only two tickets for TF Boys’concert. ______ you ______ he can go with me.（）[单选题] *A. Either; or(正确答案)B. Either; norC. Both; andD. Not only; but also27、--_______ does Ben go to school?--By bus. [单选题] *B. WhatC. WhereD. Why28、99．—Would you please show me the way _________ the bank?—Yes, go straight ahead. It’s opposite a school. [单选题] *A．inB．forC．withD．to(正确答案)29、I walked too much yesterday and （）are still aching now. [单选题] *A. my leg's musclesB. my leg muscles(正确答案)C. my muscles' of legD. my legs' muscles30、I repeated my question several times. [单选题] *A. 到达B. 惊奇D. 返回。
2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英二答案
2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案Section I Use of English1.【答案】B normal2.【答案】B compared3.【答案】A If4.【答案】D easy5.【答案】C Remember6.【答案】A well-known7.【答案】C supplement8.【答案】D question9.【答案】B sacrifice10.【答案】B interests11.【答案】C while12.【答案】D cut down on13.【答案】B occasional14.【答案】A habit15.【答案】A tough16.【答案】D in addition to17.【答案】A indispensable18.【答案】D quicker19.【答案】C productively20.【答案】D above allSection I Reading ComprehensionPart AText121.【答案】[D]on specially designed farms22.【答案】[C]creating a sustainable system23.【答案】[C]the potential of regenerative products24.【答案】[B]are likely to buy climate-friendly eggs25.【答案】[A]market prospectsText226、【答案】D more Americans are willing to work in retirement27、【答案】A retirement may cause problems for them28、【答案】C longer life expectancy29、【答案】D spending less30、【答案】A unpreparedText331.【答案】C undermine users' decision-making32.【答案】D their strong presence33.【答案】B talk with relevant teams34.【答案】B protect consumers from being tricked35.【答案】B business self-disciplineText436.【答案】A hard to determine37.【答案】B it is a behavior easy to measure38.【答案】Dare not necessarily ethically better39.【答案】C uncertain40.【答案】C is a result of multiple factorsPart B41.【答案】【C】Start Low，Go Slow42.【答案】【E】Listen to Your Body43.【答案】【A】Make It a Habit44.【答案】【F】Go Through the Motions45.【答案】【B】Don't Go It Alone【参考译文】尽管我们尽了最大的努力，然而有时我们的画很少会像原来计划的那样。
全新版大学英语综合教程2学生用书课后习题答案
全新版大学英语综合教程2学生用书课后习题答案全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2答案Unit1 Ways of LearningContent Question1. They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing.2. Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel.3. They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly.4. Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.5. Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.6. He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself.7. He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational and artistic practices between China and the USA.8. The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guiding his hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the Western preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided.9. One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flowers, fish and animals skillfully and confidently; in a secondexample, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works; and in a third,young artists work on perfecting their craft for several hoursa day.10. Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge, and skills can be picked up later. Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity.11. This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking.12. The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.1) The text begins with an anecdote.2) His thoughts are mainly about different approaches to learning in China and the West.3) He winds up the text with a suggestion in the form ofa question.2. Chinese1) Show a child how to do something, or tech by holding the hand2) Give greater priority to developing skills at an early age, believing that creativity can be promoted over timeAmericans1) Teach children that they should rely on themselves for solutions to problems2) Put more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking skills can be picked up laterUnit2 ValuesContent Question1. The Salvation Army is a religious charitableorganization. A Salvation Army bell ringer is a volunteer who help it collect donations.2. The boy asked him: Are you poor? He did it simply out of confusion and curiosity. Obviously he knew nothing about the Salvation Army bell ringer.3. He said, “I have more than some people, but not as mu ch as others.” This means that he was neither poor nor rich.4. The boy’s mother scolded h im because the question was social inappropriate, especially to a person who looked poor.5. Yes, economically he is poor. He lives in a small basemen t apartment. He doesn’t even have a color TV. He falls into the lowest income category. And so on.6. No, the writer does not feel poor. This is because he has enjoyed good health and creativity which he thinks are much more important than material goods.7. He feels out of place among people who are primarily interested in material things.8. She told him th at she was interested in what’s on the inside. but after he took her to his poorly furnished apartment, she changed her mind completely.9. It only shows that to her the most important thing was still material goods rather than what she had claimed before.10. Commercial can put people under pressure to purchase more than is really necessary.11. Because December is the time for to work for the Salvation Army as a bell ringer, which gives him a genuine sense of belonging and brings him happiness in helping others.12. The boy’s question has helped the writer realize that, despite his lack of expensive possessions, he is rich in many other ways and shouldbe thankful for that.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.1) a.√2) the essay is meant to explain something that is, the author’s view of life.3) That one can live a life full of riches without being rich financially.2.Part One: The writer’s encounter with a boy who raised the question “are you poor?”Part Two: In search of an answer the writer finds that not having expensive possessions doesn’t make him feel poor mainly because he enjoys life in many other ways.Part Three: In conclusion, the writer thinks he’s grown to understand more about himself because of the boy’s question.Unit3 The Generation GapContent Question1. There are seven characters---Father, Mother, Heidi, Diane, Sean, Restaurant Manager, and Mrs. Higgins.2. No. Because what he does usually ends up embarrassing them.3. To buy a guitar.4. To check if Sean was going to embarrass him.5. He knew his father was going to embarrass him.6. It was unnecessary and embarrassing.7. He wanted Dan to pressure his son into asking Diane to the senior prom.8. He would speak to his son and insist that the latter give Diane a call.9. She felt humiliated.10. Because the Thompson had just moved.11. He tried to let her know how exceptionally talented a young woman Heidi was.12. Because she couldn’t bear being embarrassed by her father. Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.1. A fast-food restaurant2. The Thompson family dining room3. An office at a high school2.Scene One: Father embarrassed Sean by talking too proudly to the restaurant manager.Scene Two: Father embarrassed Diane by persuading a colleague into pressing his son to ask her to the senior prom.Scene Three: Father embarrassed Heidi by boating to an official at her new school about how talented she was.Unit4 The Virtual WorldContent Question1. She used to be a television producer, but now she is a writer.2. She writes and edits articles online, submits them via email, and communicates with colleagues via the Internet, too.3. She could stay computer-assisted at home for weeks, going out only t get mail, newspapers and groceries.4. They feel as if they had become one with the computer,and life seems to be unreal.5. That people who grew used to a virtual life would feel an aversion to outside forms of socializing.6. She gets overexcited, speaks too much, and interrupts others.7. She is bad-tempered, easily angered, and attacks everyone in sight, all because she has long become separated from others and lacks emotional face-to-face exchanges with people.8. She fights her boyfriend, misinterpreting his intentions because of the lack of emotional cues given by their typed dialogue.9. Because we rely on co-works for company.10. She calls people, arrangers to meet the few friends remaining in the City, gets to the gym, arranges interviews for stories, doctor’s appointments---anything to get her out of the house and connected with others.11. No, she doesn’t feel happy. She feels being face to face is intolerable.12. She makes her excuses and flees, re-enters her apartment, runs to the computer, clicks on the modem, and disappears into the virtual world again.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.1. 2-32. 1,4-10,133. 114. 122.The first paragraph describes the consequences of living a virtual life and the last tells of the author’s escape back into it. Together, they bring out the dilemma people at present are in: Because of modern technology, we have a choice between a virtual life and real life, but find both unsatisfactory.Unit5 Overcoming ObstaclesContent Question1. Because the pole was set at 17 feet which was three inches higher than his personal best.2. Because pole-vaulting combines the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a body builder.3. His childhood dream was to fly. His mother read him numerous stories about flying when he was growing up.4. Because he believed in hard work and sweat. His motto: If you want something, work for it!5. Michael's mother wished he could relax a bit more and be that "free dreaming" little boy. On one occasion she attempted to talk to him and his father about this, but his dad quickly interrupted, smiled and said, "You want something, work for it!"6. He began a very careful training program.7. He seemed unaware of the fact that he had just beaten his personal best by three inches. He was very calm.8. He began to feel nervous when the bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best.9. What his mother had taught him about how to deal with tension or anxiety helped him overcome his nervousness.10. The singing of some distant birds in flight made him associate his final jump with his childhood dream.11. He cou ld imagine the smile on his mother’s face. He thoughthis father was probably smiling too, even laughing. However, in fact, his father hugged his wife and cried like a baby in her arms.12. Because he was blind.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.Part One: Michael faced the most challenging competition in his pole-vaulting career.Part Two: Michael’s childhood was marked with dreams and tough training. Part Three: Michael topped his personal best, won the championship and set a new world record.2.(1) It also has the element of flying, and the thought of flying as high as a two-story building is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event.As long as Michael could remember he had always dreamed of flying. (2) All of Michael’s vaults today seemed t o be the reward for his hard work.Unit6 Women, Half the SkyContent Question1. They liked girly toys such as a miniature kitchen, and Barbies.2. To convert a gas-guzzling SUV into a hybrid electric vehicle.3. Because she didn’t know anything about cars and was afraid of being cheated by the mechanic.4. She was craving independence and wanted to live away from home for some time.5. It helped her earn six engineering credits, which ofcourse made it easier for her to become an engineeringmajor.6. Five years.7. In her view, if you find a subject is difficult to learn, it does not mean you’re not good at it. It just means you have to set your mind and work harder to get good at it.8. Because he had confidence in her abilities believing she could have done better if she had studied more.9. No, she wasn’t always confident. She had moments of panic, worried that as a woman she would be unable to understand thermodynamics.10. She considers it wrong because it is based on a faulty premise.11. It is flexible and more powerful than we imagine.12. What she means is not to accept others’ op inions blindly but to use one’s own judgment.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.Part One: The author describes how she stumbled into engineering. Part Two: The author writes about how she has overcome obstacles, including the bias against women, on her way to success.Part Three: The author draws the conclusion that women can do anything men can so long as they believe in their own abilities.2.1) she was not a tomboy.not to an engineering department.she didn’t k now the first thing about engineering.because she craved independence from her parents.already earned her six credits in engineering.2) math and design.she participated in a national competition to convert an SUV into a hybrid electric vehicle.work harder at it.that she should study more.had to work hard at courses she found difficult, which encouraged her to keep going.Unit7 Learning about EnglishContent Question1. It has borrowed and is still borrowing massively from other languages. Today it has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words.2. They don’t like borrowing foreign words. They try to ban words from English.3. Old English or Anglo-Saxon English.4. The Germanic tribes brought it to the British Isles in the 5th century.5. They are usually short and direct.6. They use words derived from Old English.7. An English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study later revealed the Indo-European parent language.8. Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, English, etc.9. There were three languages competing for use in England.10. Words from Greek and Roman classics came into the English language.11. The great principles of freedom and rights of man were born in England, then the Americans carried them forward.12. No. English is and has always been the tongue of thecommon people. There should not be any fence around it to protect its so-calledpurity.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.Part One: Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language.Part Two: the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.Part Three: Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others---these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language.2.Paras. 10-11: Germanic tribes came to settle in Britain and brought Anglo-Saxon words---Old English.Para. 12: The Christian religion enriched English with words from Greek and Latin.Para. 13: the Vikings from Scandinavia came with words from Old Norse. Para. 14: the Norman Conquest---French influence.Para. 15: The European renaissance and the printing pressbrought many new words from Latin and Greek.Para. 16: The American revolution---the emergence of a new variety---Amercan English.。
大学英语综合教程2 的课后练习答案unit2
Reference:
Curiosity, patience, determination, genius, persistence ...
2. What kind of boy was Einstein in his parents’ eyes?
Reference:
They might have thought him slow because he hardly spoke until he was almost three years old.
What was his ultimate quest?
“I want to know how God created this world ... I want to know His thoughts; the rest are details.”
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简述 杨凡·埃克及戈雅的艺术贡献：
杨凡·埃克是尼德兰文艺复兴的奠基人,他的大部分作品是宗教画，他却突破了宗教画的传统技法，非常重视对人物性格与心理的刻画，非常重视写实，细心研究了光与色的表现，还对油画方面做了重要改进。
在他的笔下展示了现实世界丰富多彩的景象和现世人生的生活，冲破了中世纪的禁欲主义，体现了人文主义的观念，为尼德兰文艺复兴开辟了道路，扩大了尼德兰画派在国际上的影响。
弗朗西斯哥·戈雅(Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes 1746年3月30日-1828年4月15日)是西班牙浪漫主义画派画家。
画风奇异多变，从早期巴洛克式画风到后期类似表现主义的作品，他一生总在改变，虽然他从没有建立自己的门派，但对后世的现实主义画派、浪漫主义画派和印象派都有很大的影响，是一位承前启后的过渡性人物。
戈雅一生保持着战斗的忠实于生活和艺术的真实品质，表现出对国家命运的深切关注，并以高昂的热情歌颂人民、反映时代。
他是欧洲浪漫主义美术的先驱、批判现实主义美术的领路人，他的艺术标志着西班牙现实主义艺术的最高峰。
他的主要作品有：《小女孩与狗》、《裸体的马哈》、《着衣的马哈》、《查理四世全家像》、《德·巴赛尔像》、《老年：过去与现在》、《巨人》、《一八0八年五月二日的屠杀》和《撒旦吞食自己的孩子》等。
简述法国现实主义美术的主要特点：
现实主义应该是关注人生、关注生活、关注现实。
现实主义艺术家赞美自然，歌颂劳动，深刻而全面地展现了现实生活的广阔画面，尤其描绘了普通劳动者的生活和斗争，此时劳动者真正成为绘画中的主体形象，大自然也作为独立的题材受到现实主义画家青睐。
库尔贝在他的作品和宣言中确立了以生活真实为创作依据的原则。
他曾宣布：“我要根据自己的判断，如实地表现我所生活的时代的风俗和思想面貌。
”在艺术上他倡导反映现实生活和劳动人民的艺术。
《打石工》《筛麦的农妇》是体现他艺术主张的代表作品。
库尔贝的画风力求写实，造型明确，色彩沉着，用笔宽畅，不拘细节，画面有庄重厚实感。
另外，在油画技法上，库尔贝经常不用画笔，而用调色刀，画出带有彩色大理石般肌理效果的表面。
米勒(1814-1875年)是19世纪法国最杰出的以表现农民题材而著称的现实主义画家。
他创作的作品以描绘农民的劳动和生活为主，具有浓郁的农村生活气息。
他用新鲜的眼光去观察自然，反对当时学院派一些人认为高贵的绘画必须表现高贵人物的错误观念。
列举浮世绘对西方艺术家（至少3位）的具体影响：
梵高所绘的《唐基老爹》中有许多浮世绘画作（1887年）。
19世纪中期开始，欧洲由日本进口茶叶，因日本茶叶的包装纸印有浮世绘版画图案，其风格也开始影响了当时的印象派画家。
1865年法国画家布拉克蒙将陶器外包装上绘的《北斎漫画》介绍给印象派的友人，引起了许多回响。
梵高可能是著名画家中受浮世绘影响最深的人。
1885年梵高到安特卫普时开始接触浮世绘，1886年到巴黎时与印象派画家有往来，其中马奈、罗特列克也都对浮世绘情有独钟，例如马奈的名作《吹笛少年》即运用了浮世绘的技法。
同样地，梵高也临摹过多幅浮世绘，并将浮世绘的元素融入他之后的作品中，例如名作《星夜》中的涡卷图案即被认为参考了葛饰北斋的《神奈川冲浪里》。
浮世绘的艺术风格让当时的欧洲社会刮起了和风热潮（日本主义），浮世绘的风格对
19世纪末兴起的新艺术运动（ArtNouveau）也多有启迪。
浮世绘版画对世界美术史的作用，应该提到它对当时欧洲画坛的巨大影响。
早在喜多川歌磨死去仅6年的1812年，他的作品就出现在巴黎。
19世纪后半期，浮世绘被大量介绍到西方。
当时西方的前卫画家，如马奈、惠斯勒、德加、莫奈、劳特累克、凡高、高更、克里木特、溥纳尔、毕加索、马蒂斯等人都从浮世绘中获得各种有意义的启迪，如：无影平涂的色彩价值，取材日常生活的艺术态度，自由而机智的构图，对瞬息万变的自然的敏感把握。
对日本艺术的崇拜，以致在西欧产生日本主义热潮，它不仅推动着从印象主义到后印象主义的绘画运动，而且在西方向现代主义文化的发展中发挥着广泛的影响。
谈谈你对立体主义的认识与评价：
1908年以毕加索为代表的一群青年画家在法国推出的美术流派。
立体主义否定传统绘画中的定点透视，试探以动点透视多方向去观察和表现物体，将一个对象分解成多个视角的几何切面，然后再加以主观的并置、重叠、组合，从而彻底摒弃了物体的自然形象。
《亚威农少女》是立体主义的开山之作。
立体主义是富有理念的艺术流派。
它主要追求一种几何形体的美,追求形式的排列组合所产生的美感。
它否定了从一个视点观察事物和表现事物的传统方法，把三度空间的画面归结成平面的﹑两度空间的画面。
明暗﹑光线﹑空气﹑氛围表现的趣味让位于由直线﹑曲线所构成的轮廓﹑块面堆积与交错的趣味和情调。
不从一个视点看事物,把从不同的视点所观察和理解的,形诸于画面,从而表现出时间的持续性。
这样做,显然不主要依靠视觉经验和感性认识,而主要依靠理性﹑观念和思维。
立体主义在反传统的口号下有浓厚的形式主义倾向。
但它在艺术形式上的探索,又给现代工艺美术﹑装饰美术﹑建筑美术等注重形式美的实用艺术领域以不小的推动作用。
试论罗丹与亨利．摩尔的艺术成就
罗丹的艺术贡献
现实主义雕塑，既推毁了新古典主义的理想美，也推毁了浪漫主义的夸张美，代表了个体主义的时代精神。
罗丹雕塑被称为“烛光下的雕塑”风格细腻含蓄而充满由内向外延伸的生命力，并充分表现人物的情感，他所雕刻的人体仿佛能够呼吸。
罗丹一生攀登，并终于登上米开朗基罗之后的又一高峰。
罗丹坚信：“艺术即感情”。
他的全部作品都证明了这一观念，都深刻揭示了人类的丰富情感。
以此而论，罗丹是最杰出的浪漫主义雕刻大师。
他的主要贡献在于恢复西方雕塑对人类的理解和对精神世界的表现，被认为是雕刻史上最伟大的肖像雕塑家。
亨利．摩尔
摩尔以他的大型铸铜雕塑和大理石雕塑而闻名。
剑桥菲茨威廉博物馆陈列的“斜倚的人形”(1951年)，表现一个高度精简、抽象的女性形象，是摩尔雕塑风格的典型代表。
亨利．摩尔是国际艺坛备受推崇的现代雕塑大师，被誉为历史上最杰出的和20世纪世界最负盛名的雕塑家之一，其作品被世界各大博物馆广为收藏和展览。
摩尔本人被视为雕塑的化身，肩负着承上启下的使命。
其作品继承了布兰库斯、罗丹、米开朗基罗等世界著名雕塑大师的艺术传统风格，吸收了欧洲中世纪、古希腊、埃及、古墨西哥、非洲和东方的古典传统，其创作意识对20世纪的雕塑和造型艺术家具有广泛和深远的影响。
在雕塑方面，罗丹将立体造型简练的写实和激情推向新的高峰，而摩尔则将人体造型简练至最单纯的形态，显示了生命的本质。
其作品可概括为三类不同题材和意念：母与子、侧卧像和形体内外。
雕塑材料多选用青铜和黑、白大理石。
他的作品除具有深刻的艺术内涵和艺术观赏性外，由于作品突出强调与大自然的和谐关系，还有很强的装饰和美化环境的作用。
试论荷兰风格派与超现实主义流派在艺术追求上的不同：
风格派从一开始就追求艺术的“抽象和简化”。
它反对个性，排除一切表现成分而致力探索一种人类共通的纯精神性表达，即纯粹抽象。
艺术家们共同关心的问题是：简化物象直至本身的艺术元素。
因而，平面、直线、矩形成为艺术中的支柱，色彩亦减至红黄蓝三原色及黑白灰三非色。
艺术以足够的明确、秩序和简洁建立起精确严格且自足完善的几何风格。