英语同音异形异义词

英语同音异义词的总结英语的词汇比汉语大得多，而英语中的同音词要比汉语少得多，这是一个值得研究的课题。

本文想仅就造成同音词的原因做一下抛砖引玉式的分析，以期引起人们对这一“被遗忘的角落”的关注。

一、专有名词与普通单词发音相同。

这些专有名词在汉语中有相应的音译词语，已经为国人所熟悉，学起来读易好记，轻松有趣。

写在横线前面的系专有名词，后面的为普通单词。

Korea—career, Gaul(高卢人)—gall, Chile—chilli—chili–chilly, Greece—grease, Dane—deign, Finnish—finish, Bonn—bonne, Bern—burn, Cannes—can, Nice—niece, Seoul—soul—sole, Rome—roam, Bali—barley, Wales—whales—wails, Gana—garner, Kashmir—cashmere, Latin—lattin, Hyde—hide—hied, Maine—main—mane, Venus—venous, Klan—clan, Martin—marten, Oder—oder, Seine—sane—sain, Kant—cant二、缩略词与普通名词发音相同。

I’d—eyed, I’ll—isle—aisle, aren’t—ant—aunt, he’ll—heel—heal, we’ll—wheel—wheal—weal, we’re—weir, we’d—weed, where’s—wares, he’d—heed, Miss.—miss, AIDS—aids三、名词的复数形式或动词的单数第三人称与普通单词发音相同。

Locks—lox, laps—lapse, nays—neighs—naze, haves—hose, ewes—use, brows—browse, corps—cause, cocks—cox, days—daze, claws—clause, flecks, mews—muse, paws—pause, rays—raise—rase –raze, rows—rouse, tacks—tax, ova—over, feet—feat, wacks—wax, arms—alms四、动词的过去式或过去分词与普通单词发音相同。

这些动词的过去式有：Blew—blue, flew—flu, gilt—guilt, knew—new, saw—sore—soar, threw—through, wore—war, wrote—rote, rode—road, were—whir.这些动词的过去分词有：Seen—scene, grown—groan, done—dun, thrown—throne, been—bean, born—borne—bourn, sought—sort, caught—court, taught—taut, heard—herd, won—one, sent—cent—scent, led—lead, fought—fort—forte.五、前缀与普通单词发音相同。

Anti—vs. ante, bi—vs. by—bye—buy, vice—vs. vise六、因相邻字母重复与其它单词发音相同。

有些是因为词尾的两个字母重复造成的同音词，如add—ad, butt—but, bee—be, boss—bos, canvass—canvas, inn—in, nill—nil, wee—we, too—to, frizz—friz, redd—red, mandrill—mandril有些是因为单词中间的两个字母重复造成的同音词，如dessert—desert, cannon—canon, femme—feme七、“ r ” 音节造成的同音词。

重读“ r ” 音节造成的同音词。

Birth—berth, curn—kern—kirn, curb—kerb, firn—fern, surf—serf, surge—serge, mar—ma, spar—spa, farther—father, hart—heart, worn—warn, forth—fourth, for—fore—four—faugh .非重读“ r ” 音节造成的同音词。

alter—altar, seller—cellar, lumber—lumbar, manor—manner, razor—razer, minor--miner, prior—prier, sensor--censor , fakir—faker, sucker—succor, rumor—roomer, hanger—hangar, calendar—calender , trooper--trouper, meter—meter , steeler—stealer, waver—waiver,leaver—lever, weever—weaver.八、因不同的字母组合发音相同而构成的同音词。

1.当字母组合—ea—, —ee—, —ie—读作[ i :]时：beat—beet, beach—beech, cheap—cheep, lea—lee, creak—creek, leak—leek, leach—leech, pea—pee, peal—peel, seam—seem, meat—meet—mete, breach—breech, steal—steel, team—teem, flea—flee, weak—week, sea—see, seal—seel—ceil, weald—wield, leaf—lief, lean—lien, mean—mien2。

当字母组合—a—, —ai—, —ay—, —ea—读作[ei]:steak—stake, gate—gait, plait—plate, break—brake,, faint—feint3.当母组合—ear—, —eer— , —ere—, —ier—读作[ i ] 时：sheer—shear, steer—stere, tear—tier, dear—deer, peer—pier, beer—bier, hear—here4.当字母组合—air—, —ear—, —ere—读作[ ε ]pear—pair—pare—pere, tear—tare, fair—fare, mare—mayor, hair—hare, glair—glare, flair—flare5.当字母组合—ou—,—ow—读作[au]foul—fowl, praw—prau, flour—flower6.当字母组合—al—, —au—, —aw—, —or—, —oor—读作[ ：] 时：all—awl, ball—bowl, hall—hawl , mall—maul, flaw—floor, chaw—chore, paw—pore—pour, lawn—lorn, laud—lord, pawn—porn, raw—roar, stalk—stolk7.当字母组合o—, —oa—, —ow—读作[ ou ] 时：melo—mellow, lo—low, hollo—hollow, loan—lone, flow—floe, so—sow—sew, brooch--broach8.当字母组合—ou—, --oo--, --u-- 读作[ u：] 时：stoop—stoup—stoep, goop—goup, groom—grume9.当字母组合—al—、—el—在词尾读作[ l]principle—principal, dial—diel, bridal—bridle, naval—navel, dual—duel, mutual—mutuel10.当字母组合—o—, —u—读作[ ∧]时：son—sun, some—sum, sonny—sunny, none—nun11.当词尾的—y—和—ie—发[ i ] 时：talky—talkie, girly—girlie, roomy—roomie,12.当‘y’ 和‘i’ 在相对应的位置上时：hyp—hip, gybe—gibe,13.当字母组合—ay—, —ey—都发[ei ]时，如：pray—prey14.当字母‘c’ 在‘i, e, y’ 前读[ s ] , 或‘c’ 在其他情况下读[k ] 时：ascent—assent, cereal—serial, practice--practise字母‘c’读[k ]时更多些：pic—pick, sic—sick, bloc—block, spec—speck, specs—specks, bank—banc, torc—talk, yack—yak, scag—skag, scull—skull, cash—cashe, cast—karst, cart—kart, craft—kraft, colonel—kernel15. —a—, —ar—, —er—在词尾发[ ]音时：canna—canner, quota—quoter, tabula—tabular九、因不发音的字母或字母组合造成的同音词。

1. “a”在词尾不发音：cocoa—coco2. b” 在以“—mb” 结尾的词中不发音climb—clime, lamb—lam, plumb—plum, jamb—jam, coomb—coom, subtle--suttle3. “ c” 不发音：schort—short, schorl--shawl4. “ d” 不发音：handsome--hansom5.“e” “ a”在词尾不发音：ore—or—oar—awe, grate—great, brake—break, parol—parole, griff—griffe, prose—pro, dyeing—dying, sale—sail, pale—pail, male—mail, lute—loot, pane—pain, base—bass6.“n” 前的“g”常常为无声字母：reign—rein, gnaw—nor, sign—sine, feign—fain—fane, gneiss—nice7.不发音的“h” 常常在“w”, “ t”, “c”, “a”, “g”之后while—wile, when—wen, whack—wack, whale—wale—wail, whit—wit, whet—wet, whiz—wiz, wheal—weal--wheel, thyme—time, chord—cord, choral—coral, minah—miner—minor, donah—dona, ghyll—gill8.“k”在“ n”前常常不发音：knot—not, know—no, knit—nit, knight—night—nite, knap—nap, knob--nob, knock—nock, knobble—nobble, knay—nay, knave—nave9.无声字母“l” 多在“n”, “m”前：halm—harm, holm—home, balm—barm,yolk—yoke10.以字母组合mn结尾的单词“n” 不发音时造成的同音词：damn—dam, hymn—him, limn—limb11.声字母“p”corps—core—cow, psych—sike12.无声字母“r”iron—ion13.无声字母“s”islet—eyelet, hors—hoar14.“t” 在“ch” 前或在词尾不发音时造成的同音词：retch—reach, letch—lech, witch—which, batch—bach, tchick—chick, trait—tray, mot—mo—mow15.“w”在“r” , “h”前不发音：write—wright—rite—right, wring—ring, wrick—rick, wrest—rest, wrap—rap, wrack—rack, wreck—reck—rec, wretch—retch, whole—hole, whoop—hoop, wholly—holy16.“u” 在“ b”, “g”后不发音buy—by—bye, buoy—boy, buyer—byre, guilt—gilt, guild—gild, guerilla—gorilla, guelder—gelder17. “q” 后面的“ue’ 不发音clique—cleek, casque—cask, masque –mask, coque—cock, pique—peak—peek—peke18.字母组合“gh”不发音eight—ate, might—mite, sight—site—cite, sought—sort, straight—strait,bought—bort, slight—sleight, through—threw, bough—bow, sleigh—slay, weigh—way—whey, aweigh—away, high—hi—hie, weight—wait十、英语单词与外来词同音在快速走向国际化的进程中，英语对其他民族的语言慷慨“拿来”。