北京邮电大学2011 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

北京邮电大学2011 年博士研究生入学考试题
考试科目：英语
Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of which there are four answers marked A，B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a pencil on the Machine-Scoring ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage One
The aroma of chocolate perfumes the air of the Rue d'Assas in Paris. Entering Christian Constant’s state-of -the-art boutique, you find yourself in the kingdom of Paris's king of chocolate, where the humble cocoa bean is turned into mouth-watering chocolate Easter eggs.
Constant, who is a chef, admits that chocolate is his passion and main interest in life. He first developed a fascination with chocolate when he was working for Gaston Lenotre, a famous French pastry chef.
Every year he has a theme for decorating Easter eggs: this year his decorations are inspired by “Art Nouveau”. Tonight he has a dinner for 130 to organize and he has to prepare a three foot--high Art Nouveau-style Easter egg by noon tomorrow. This, for Constant, is a normal schedule.
Constant believes that his chocolate creations are as much of a work of art as other sculptures. It is, therefore, understandable that the restaurant, which he opened last month, is situated in the National Monuments Museum in Paris. During the day the restaurant is a tearoom and offers chocolate in every imaginable form. Customers can choose from a selection of sweet chocolate desserts or tries the more exotic spicy chocolates. Constant is also a professional “nose” working closely with the French Institute of Taste. He is capable of identifying 450 different tastes and flavors. Constant explains that the mouth, which can only taste four things --- salt, sweet, acid and bitter-, is “stupid” in comparison to the nose. He believes that the nose is everything.
In his book The Taste of Chocolate, he explains how in 1502 Christopher Columbus came across an island and went ashore. He was greeted by an Indian chief bearing gifts, among which were huge sacks of beans which Columbus thought was local currency. To his surprise, they prepared a drink for him. But Columbus, who disliked the odd bitter taste, continued on his travels, ignorant of the fact that he had just tasted cocoa. Like Columbus, Constant travels those cocoa counties where he checks quality and works with local experts. Quality can vary depending on the region, year, and method of preparation. According to Constant, Venezuela and Trinidad have the best cocoa beans, which they export all over the world either as beans or as cocoa.
Constant, who is a hard worker, only sleeps three hours a night. He talks long into the night with members of a club he has formed. The club is called “The Chocolate Munchers”. Their main official activity is to get together for monthly dinners where they eat a very tiny dinner and tons of chocolate desserts. “I am an addict,” Constant admits, “and I don't want to be cured!”
1. Which of the following is the most inclusive title for the passage?
A. Chocolate—The Passion of a lifetime.
B. The Chocolate Munchers Club.
C. Chocolate— A New Art Form.
D. The Last Word in Good Taste.
2. What does Constant do now?
A. He works for a French pastry chef.
B. He owns his own restaurant and tearoom.
C. He is a sculptor for a museum in Paris.
D. He is a chef in the Institute of Taste.
3. Constant's newly-opened business______
A. provides chocolates wit h various flavors
B. exhibits all of his chocolate sculptures
C. often needs to prepare a big Easter dinner
D. serves as a national monument in Paris
4. The underlined part “Constant is also a …,nose'”，means ___
A. he believes he has the best nose in the world
B. his nose can taste salt, sweet, acid and bitter
C. his nose can identify various tastes and flavors
D. he is capable of smelling flavors from a long distance
5. According to Constant_____
A. ancient Indians used cocoa beans as local currency
B. Columbus checked the quality of cocoa beans in different places
C chocolate addition makes people sleep less
D. the quality of cocoa beans varies from region to region
Passage Two
French are elegant people. They are artists in everyday life, having a very good taste in everything. They don't like American tourists wearing jeans to go into their luxurious and exquisite five -star restaurants, so one of the restaurants put a notice outside its front door. It read “No trousers, please!”
A gourmet coffee was sold in Tokyo as an antidote to stress. Its name supposedly meant to people that it would soothe the troubled breast. Yet when it was printed in n English, it turned out to be “Ease Your Bosoms”.
Swedes started a promotion stunt to promote the sales of their vacuum cleaner named Electro. Their original ad slogan was translated as “Nothing sucks like Electro”. The General Motors' selling of Chevrolet was very bad in South America. And what is the reason? The translation of this brand sounds like “nova”- which means “It doesn't go” in Spanish.
When Pepsi-cola invaded the huge Chinese and German markets, the efforts initially fizzled.
The product's slogan, “Come alive with the Pepsi generation”, was rendered into German as “come out of the grave with Pepsi”. Coca-Cola also discovered something had gone wrong in Taiwan. The Chinese characters chosen for the world famous product s ound like “Bite the Wax - Tadpole.”
A beer company’s slogan “Turn it loose” became, in Spanish, equivalent to “suffer from diarrhea.”
A company translated its sticky tape slogan into Japanese and came up with a sticky problem. The slogan “Sticks like crazy” became literally “it sticks foolishly” in Japanese.
A tonic product in China is made of royal jelly and is supposed to be very effective for some chronic diseases. Yet it was translated as “oral liquid”, which means “saliva” in English, In the brochure, it was described in this way:“it tastes like medicine”, when the language in the original meant to use it as a food therapy.
Even the wrong nonverbal cue can bring havoc to a product. A baby food company initially packaged their African products just the same as in the U.S. —with a cute baby picture on the jar. They didn't realize that because so many Africans cannot read, nearly all packaged products sold in Africa carry pictures of what is inside. Pureed baby! How horrible! In an Asian city, where traffic is really very bad, to secure people's safety, the municipal government has built underground passageways. Pedestrians are asked to use them whenever they need to cross the main street. A sign was posted once on the roadside, pointing to the entrance to an underground passageway, intending to notify English-speaking passengers, “Go Underground”.
We chuckled at such clumsy translations. Is there anything wrong in the language? We must be aware that few words and idioms can be literally translated. It's best to hire the best for translation. Don't take it for granted that as long as one speaks a little English, he is autonomously able to do the translation. It takes a while to learn to be a good translator.
6. "No trousers, please!" sounds funny on the front door of a five-star restaurant, because could mean “”, in English,
A. Take off your trousers, then come in please.
B. We don't sell any trousers here.
C. We don't have any pairs of trousers here
D. Anyone who does not wear trousers is not welcome.
7. From the passage, you may guess that Chevrolet is most probably____
A. shoes of some kinds that South American like
B. the brand name of a kind of vehicle
C. a pet animal which runs fast
D. a word in Spanish which has a very bad meaning
8. Any product with a cute baby picture on the jar wills most probably ___ in Africa,
A. sells well
B. receive favorable attention
C. cause great interest
D. bring an end to the product
9. The Chinese characters chosen for Coca-Cola____ in Taiwan first.
A. were well received
B. had a wrong name
C sounded terrible in the language
D. were all terrible words
10. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Clumsy translations can sometimes produce the desired effect.
B. We should not take it for granted that anything can be translated.
C. Few words and idioms can be literally translated.
D. Clumsy translation could mean more than just a laughing matter.
Passage Three
“Vitamins are a group of substances found in food. The body needs them for life and health. So naturally, many people are concerned with the question: Am I getting enough vitamins, and am I getting the right kind?
Even though very small amounts of each vitamin are enough for the needs of the body, the worry people have about vitamins has some bases. And this has something to do with their diet —the food they take in. A person eating a good variety of foods gets all the vitamins now known to be needed (with the possible exception of vitamin D).
The problem is that there are many people who don't choose foods wisely, don't get enough variety, and don't eat the basic foods they need to get their vitamins. So the answer to this question is: No extra vitamins are needed, providing you eat proper foods: In fact, many of the vitamins cannot be stored in the body, so when extra vitamins are taken in, the body simply gets rid of them. It is even harmful to put too much of certain vitamins into the body.
This has been found to be true of vitamin A and D, when large amounts are taken in.
What foods supply what vitamins? Here is a quick general idea. Vitamin A, for the health of the eyes, skin, teeth, and bones, is found in green vegetables, fruits, eggs, liver and butter. Vitamin B1, which helps the nervous and digestive system and prevents certain diseases, is found in cereals; pork and liver. Vitamin B2 is found in milk; eggs, green vegetables and meats.
Vitamin C, which helps bones and teeth, is found in tomatoes, certain fruits and vegetables. These are only a few of the most important vitamins the body needs.
11. Vitamin A is needed by and can be found in
A. bones / pork
B. nervous system / milk.
C. eyes / green vegetables
D. teeth / meats
12. Vitamin C helps while vitamin B1 is very important to
A. teeth/digestive system
B. skin/bones
C. bones/liver
D. eyes/meats
13. Vitamins are a group of substances found in
A. body
B. food
C. pork
D. digestive system
14. The body needs for life and health.
A. extra vitamins
B. a good variety of vitamins
C. large amounts of certain vitamins
D. small amounts of each vitamin
15. If you take in more vitamins than you actually need, _________
A. they are harmful to your body
B. you get all the vitamins now known to be needed
C. they help our bodies more properly
D. your body simply gets rid of them
Passage Four
As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life and working from morning till night; it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life. There is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between “flight or fight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction is prolonged, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.
16. People are finding less and less time to relax themselves because___________
A. they do not know how to enjoy themselves:
B. they do not believe that relaxation is important for health
C they are travelling fast all the time
D. they are becoming busier with their work
17. According to the author, the most important character for a good manager is his
A. not fearing stresses
B. knowing the art of relaxation
C. high sense of responsibility
D. having control over performance
18. Which of the following statements is TURE?
A. We can find some ways to remove stress.
B. Stress is always harmful to people.
C. It is easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.
D. Different people can withstand different amount of stress.
19. In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_________________
A. "making a choice between 'flight or fight'"
B. "reaction to stress both chemically and physically"
C. "responding to crises quickly"
D. "losing heart at the signs of difficulties"
20. In the last sentence of the article, "do so" refers to_____________
A. "expose ourselves to stress"
B. "find ways to deal with stress"
C. "remove stress from our lives"
D. "establish links between diseases
Part II Translation (40 points)
Section A: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. (20 points)
(21) Love is of three varieties: unselfish, mutual and ordinary or selfish. Unselfish love is of the highest kind. Here, the one who loves seeks only the welfare of the beloved does not care whether he suffers pains and hardships thereby. The second kind of love is mutual love in which the one who loves desires not only the happiness of his beloved, but has an eye to his own happiness also. Selfish love is the lowest. It makes a man care only for his own happiness without having any regard for the feeling of the beloved.
(22) Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want to shape our outlook and our expectation& These is enough good and bad in everyone's life—ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain—to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse. It's our decision. From which perspective do we want to view life? Will we look up in hope or down in despair? I believe in the upward look. I choose to highlight the positive arid slip right over the negative; I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature.
(23) Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips arid supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite and adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin. But to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
(24) All man are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with inherent and unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, government are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that wherever any form of government become destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government.
Section B: Translate the following paragraphs into English (20 points)
每个人一生中都该有个志向，否则他的经历便会浪费掉。

每个年轻人都力求成为一个有成就的人。

一个青年人只期望富有是不明智的，或只专心于求得权利与名望也是不对的。

一个青年人希望做个有成就者，愿望常常会实现。

狄斯拉里（Disraeli）的故事是个例证。

狄斯拉里开始过公众生活时渴望能成为一个学者及演说家。

他在文学方面的成就比演说方面更为成功。

起初他作为一个演说家时是完全失败的。

不过，他认为有把握克服障碍，遂以不屈不挠的精神致力于这个目标的实现。

他的一些朋友认为他这个念头是愚蠢的，甚至是古怪的，但他坚持目标，最后终于成功，成为英国曾经产生的最富有丰富知识的学者与最难雄辩的演说家之一。

这个故事并不是引来说明：只是大学者或演说家，或二者兼而有之才是有成就的人。

除了做学者或演说家之外，还有很多同样高尚与可敬的事业。

它只是用来说明一个青年人须志向高远，因为“宁可志高而达不到目标，也不要志低而达到”。

Part writing (20 points)
You are to write a composition of no less than 200'words and do your composition neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Your composition should be based on the following topic:
On Knowledge and Ability。