2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：100

2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be （） from school.
问题1选项
A.induced
B.disobeyed
C.expelled
D.forbidden
【答案】C
【解析】动词词义辨析。

选项A, B, D都不能与介词from搭配应用。

be expelled from school意为被学校开除, 符合句意。

句意：酗酒、吸烟、经常旷课的青少年更有可能被学校开除。

2.
单选题
At the press conference, the Prime Minister（）the government’s refusal to compromise with terrorists.
问题1选项
A.rectified
B.recited
C.rekindled
D.reiterated
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。

rectify“调整，矫正”；recite “背诵，叙述”；rekindle “复燃”；reiterate “重申，重复”。

句意：在记者招待会上，首相重申了政府拒绝向恐怖分子妥协这一申明。

选项D符合题意。

3.
单选题
Why be（）about that old coat? There’s no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me.
问题1选项
A.sensitive
B.sensible
C.sentimental
D.sensational
【答案】C
【解析】be sentimental about sth.为固定搭配，意为“对....很伤感”。

4.
单选题
The aim of the president’s speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the great necessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that（）terrorists.
问题1选项
A.kidnapped
B.harassed
C.heckled
D.harbored
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。

kidnap “绑架”；harass “扰乱，使烦恼”；heckle “诘问，责问”；harbor “庇护”。

句意：总统演讲的目的在于要让那些不大情愿的国家相信，强硬制裁那些庇护恐怖分子的国家是非常有必要的。

选项D符合题意。

5.
单选题
Their reflexive mindset tells scientists that all claims, （）political, moral, or religious, are open to examination and critique.
问题1选项
A.be they
B.however they are
C.no matter they are
D.whether they be
【答案】A
【解析】语法知识题。

本题考查让步状语从句。

whether和no matter都可以引导。

选项C不能和or 搭配，选项D为虚拟语气，选项A符合题意。

6.
单选题
As is known to all, （）commodities will definitely do harm to our life sooner or later. 问题1选项
A.counterfeit
B.fake
C.imitative
D.fraudulent
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

coun terfeit “假冒的，伪造的”，强调“出于非法意图而假冒伪造”；fake “假的”，目的不一定是为了骗人，比如冒牌或代用品；imitative “模仿的”；fraudulent “欺骗性的”。

句意：众所周知，假冒商品迟早会伤害我们的生命。

选项A符合题意。

7.
单选题
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
问题1选项
A.It ignored the fact that emotions are personal and subjective.
B.It overlooked the possibility that emotions may be controlled.
C.It measured positive and negative emotions independently.
D.It classified emotions simply as either positive or negative.
问题2选项
A.Sitting alone without doing anything seemed really distressing.
B.Solitude had a reductive effect on high-arousal emotions.
C.Sitting alone for 15 minutes made the participants restless.
D.Solitude adversely affected the participants’ mental well-being.
问题3选项
A.It tended to intensify negative emotions.
B.It proved hard to depict objectively.
C.It went hand in hand with sadness.
D.It helped increase low-arousal emotions.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:D
【解析】Recording One
Psychology research has tended to portray solitude as a negative experience. Studies conducted in the 1970s and 1990s suggested that people felt less happy when alone, as compared to being with others. However, a new paper shows an alternative view of solitude, one in which solitude can be positive.
Let’s start by looking at the earlier research. It had a couple of shortcomings. First, it measured emotion on a scale from positive to negative, overlooking the possibility that the positive and negative emotions can fluctuate independently. [16] Also, it categorized emotions as simply positive or negative. It didn’t consider that emotions aroused us to different degrees, and that both positive and negative emotions can arouse us a lot or a little. That is, whether positive or negative, emotions can be either high arousal or low arousal. High arousal emotions include excitement on the positive side or anger on the negative side, while low arousal ones include feeling calm on the positive side or lonely on the negative.
This new research attempted to overcome these shortcomings. Researchers began with a simple study. They asked participants to spend 15 minutes sitting alone without engaging in any activity and measured how this solitude influenced their emotional state. [17] This experiment specifically aimed to determine the effect of solitude on high arousal emotions. It looked at positive emotions such as being excited or interested, and negative emotions, including being scared or distressed. The results were clear. [17] After 15 minutes of solitude，the participants showed reductions in both types of emotion. A second study measured the effects of solitude on low arousal emotions. These included both positive and negative emotions such as feeling calm, relaxed, sad or lonely. [18] That experiment found that all of these emotions were increased by time alone. Thus, it seems past depictions of solitude were wrong. It doesn’t have a simple emotional effect that can be characterized as good or bad. Rather, it changes the intensity of our inner experience. It amplifies quieter emotions. But it diminishes the intensity of stronger feelings.
It’s worth clarifying that these findings relate to relatively brief periods of solitude. This is distinct from prolonged loneliness. Research has demonstrated that the latter is correlated with an assortment of negative physical and psychological effects. How can people benefit from being alone? The findings here suggest that people can use solitude to regulate their emotions. Solitude can help us become quiet after excitement, calm after an angry episode, or simply feel at peace.
16. What is one of the criticisms directed at the early research on solitude?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问关于“独处”的早期研究受到何种批评？录音说，早期的研究存在几个缺点，其中包括把情绪简单地分为积极的和消极的（categorized emotions as simply positive or negative），D选项中的classified是对录音原文中categorized的同义替换，因此D选项正确。

A选项“它忽略了情绪是个人的和主观的事实”和B项“它忽略了情绪可以被控制的可能性”在录音中均没有信息提及；C选项“它独立测量积极情绪和消极情绪”主要利用measured和independently设置干扰，录音说的是，早期调查在从积极到消极的范围内衡量情绪，忽略了积极和消极情绪可以独立波动的可能性。

选项与之表述不相符，因此排除。

17. What do we learn about the results of the new research?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题目问我们可以知道哪些关于新研究的结果？录音提到，新研究是为了确定独处对高唤起度情绪的影响，而参与实验的人经过15分钟的独处后，他们的积极与消极两方面的高唤起度情绪都有所减缓（reductions in both types of emotion），B选项中的reductive与录音原文中的reductions是同根词，都表示“减少，减缓”的意思，因此B选项“独处对高唤起度情绪有减缓作用”正确。

A选项“一个人无所事事地坐着似乎很苦恼”和C选项“独自坐15分钟使参与者焦躁不安”在录音中均没有信息提及；D选项“独处会对参与者的心理健康产生不利影响”，主要错在缺乏对独处的修饰词，录音中说的是长期的孤独与负面的生理和心理影响相关，而短暂的独处不会，因此D选项属于以偏概全，表述不正确。

18. What did the second experiment in the new research find about solitude?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问新研究的第二个实验有何发现？第二个实验测量了独处对低唤起度情绪的影响，并且发现所有这些情绪都会随着时间的推移而增加。

D选项“它有助于增强低唤起度情绪”与原文表述相符，因此正确。

A选项“它往往会使负面情绪加剧”，这些情绪包括积极和消极的情绪，如平静、放松、悲伤或孤独。

因此A选项不正确；B选项“事实证明很难客观描述它”，录音提到，独处改变内在感受的强度，对强烈感觉有安抚作用，这正是描述了独处产生的影响，因此B选项也不正确；C选项“它与悲伤密切相关”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。

8.
单选题
They are going to London, but their（）destination is Rome.
问题1选项
A.ultimate
B.prime
C.next
D.cardinal
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

ultimate “最终的”；prime “主要的，最好的”；next “接下来的”；cardinal “主要的，基本的；深红色的”。

句意：他们打算去伦敦，但是他们最终的目的地是罗马。

选项A符合题意。

9.
单选题
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
问题1选项
A.A cool office will boost employees’ productivity.
B.A naturally ventilated office is more comfortable.
C.Air-conditioning improves ventilation in the office.
D.Office air-conditioning should follow guidebooks.
问题2选项
A.People in their comfort zone of temperature are more satisfied with their productivity.
B.Twenty-two degrees is the optimal temperature for office workers.
C.There is a range of temperatures for people to feel comfortable.
D.People in different countries vary in their tolerance to uncomfortable temperatures.
问题3选项
A.It will sharply decrease work efficiency.
B.It will be immediately noticeable.
C.It will have no negative impact on work.
D.It will cause a lot of discomfort.
问题4选项
A.They are not bothered by temperature extremes.
B.They suffer from rapid temperature changes.
C.They become less sensitive to high temperatures.
D.They tend to favor lower temperatures.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:C
第4题:D
【解析】Passage Two
Setting the office air-conditioning at about 22 degrees Celsius has become standard practice across the world. [12] Numerous guidebooks across the world on heating, ventilation and air-conditioning claim office performance peaks at 22 degrees. Many people indeed find relief from soaring summer temperatures in air-conditioned offices, but recent studies have challenged the accepted wisdom that a cool office is more productive. The reality is more complex. Researchers conducted a review of all studies relating to air-conditioning and productivity. They found that 22 degrees was probably a little chilly, even at the height of summer. [13] For a person dressed in typical summer clothing, an optimal range would be between 23 and 26 degrees. And people can even tolerate temperatures beyond this “comfort zone” as long as they can adjust their clothing and expectations. In fact, even on very hot days, it makes sense to turn the air-conditioning up. People often chase just one “optimum” temperature, and this is understandable when people feel hot. [14] But there is a range of
at least three to four degrees which does not have any adverse impact. Another issue related to this is that people can become psychologically dependent on air-conditioning. [15] If they are used to the environment which is air-conditioned, they tend to prefer lower temperatures. But the studies found that almost all humans became accustomed to the new temperature. It was only at the “extreme” ends of the temperature range where people’s productivity suffered. This range was above 26 degrees and below 19 degrees.
12. What is the accepted wisdom concerning the office environment?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问关于办公室环境，人们普遍接受的观念是什么？录音开头讲到办公室的空调温度调到22度左右已成为全球性的标准做法，并且许多关于供暖、通风和空调的指南都声称办公室温度峰值达到22度时，人们的工作效率最高。

由此可知，人们普遍认为“凉爽的办公环境能提高员工的工作效率”，因此A选项正确。

B选项“自然通风的办公室更舒适”和C选项“空调改善办公室的通风”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除；D选项“人们认为办公室的空调温度设定应遵循指南”，录音只是提及很多指南声称温度调至22度时，员工工作效率最高，并没有说一定要遵循指南，因此D选项不正确。

13. What did researchers find from their review of all studies relating to air-conditioning and productivity?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问研究人员在回顾了所有与空调和生产力有关的研究之后发现了什么？研究人员发现22度的温度即便是在盛夏也很可能让人感觉有点冷，对穿着正常夏装的人来说，最适宜的温度范围是23度到26度。

C选项“人们感到舒适的温度有一个范围”是对这些信息的概括，因此正确。

A选项“处于温度舒适区的人们对自己的工作效率更满意”，录音中并没有提及人们对工作效率是否满意，因此排除；B 选项“对办公室工作人员来说，22度是最适宜的温度”是很多关于供暖、通风和空调的指南的观点，不是研究人员新发现的结果，因此排除；D选项“不同国家的人对不舒服的温度的耐受力不同”在录音中没有信息提及。

14. What do we learn about using a little less air-conditioning during hot weather?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问关于在大热天少用点空调，我们了解到什么？录音在提到夏天最适宜的室温是23度至26度后，接着说即使超出这个温度舒适区，人们也受得了。

后面还提到，人们通常只追求一个“最适宜的”温度，但在三到四度的温度浮动范围内，不会产生任何负面影响。

因此，C选项“对工作没有负面影响”符合录音表述。

A选项“这会大大降低工作效率”和D选项“这会引起很多不适”恰好与录音内容相反；B选项“这会立即被注意到”在录音中并没有信息提及，因此可排除。

15. What happens when people are used to an air-conditioned environment?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问当人们习惯了空调环境时会发生什么？录音结尾处提到，人们会在心理上对空调产生依赖，如果他们习惯了有空调的环境，他们往往会喜欢更低的温度（they tend to prefer lower temperatures）。

D选项是对原文信息的复现，因此正确。

A选项“他们不受极端温度的影响”与录音表述恰好相反；B选项“他们会因温度的快速变化而受到不好的影响”和C选项“他们对高温变得不那么敏感”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。

10.
单选题The traditional belief that banks do not lose customers once they have got them is not （）, the study suggests.
问题1选项
A.well-prepared
B.well-meant
C.well-founded
D.well-adjusted
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

well-prepared “准备就绪的，准备充分的”；well-meant “没有恶意的”；well-founded “有根据的，理由充分的”；well-adjusted “完全调试好的；完全适应环境的”。

句意：传统观念认为银行一旦赢得客户就再也不会失去他们，研究表明这是没有根据的。

选项C符合题意。

11.
单选题
It is not a voice we recognize at once,[A]whereas our own handwriting is something [B]which we [C]almost always know. We begin the natural learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we [D]go on unconsciously imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many hours everyday.
问题1选项
A.whereas
B.which
C.almost always
D.go on
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。

在限制性定语从句中，先行词是something等不定代词时，要用that引导定语
从句。

应将B选项which改为that。

12.
单选题
It had happened [A]too often that the farmers sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debts were coming due, [B]only to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions,producer groups [C]asked firmer control,but the government had no wish to become involved,[D]at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild.
问题1选项
A.too often
B.only to see
C.asked firmer control
D.at least not until
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。

C选项处应表示“要求更严格的控制”，而只有ask for才表示“要求，请求”。

应将asked 改为asked for。

13.
单选题
With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very （）for the nineteenth-century factory workers.
问题1选项
A.hostile
B.anxious
C.tedious
D.obscure
【答案】C
【解析】形容词词义辨析。

hostile敌对的;anxious焦虑的;tedious单调乏味的, 沉闷的;obscure模糊的, 隐蔽的。

句意：对于19世纪的工厂工人来说, 一周工作80个小时, 几乎没有什么乐趣, 生活一定很乏味。

选项C更符合句意。

14.
单选题
In his will, the millionaire（）nearly all his fortunes to the housemaid who took care of him in his last days.
问题1选项
A.inherited
B.bequeathed
C.owed
D.remitted
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

inherit “继承（遗产）等”；bequeath “将（财物等）遗赠给”；owe “感恩；亏欠”；remit “宽恕；汇款”。

句意：在他的遗嘱中，这个百万富翁将他几乎全部的财产留给了在他最后日子里照顾他的女佣。

选项B符合题意。

15.
单选题
The problem is inherent and（）in any democracy, but it has been more severe in ours during the past quarter-century because of the near universal denigration of government,politics and politicians.
问题1选项
A.perishable
B.periodical
C.perverse
D.perennial
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

perishable “易腐坏的；易毁灭的”；periodical “周期的；定期的”；perverse “堕落的，不正当的”；perennial “多年生的；常年的；长期存在的”。

分析句子结构可知，填空处所填词应和前面的inherent“固有的”意思相近，所以选项D最为恰当。

句意：任何民主的问题都是固有的，长期存在的，但是在过去二十五年中，由于近年来普遍对政府、政治，还有政治家的诋毁使得这个问题更为严峻。

所以选项D正确。