2021版高考英语大一轮复习第1部分基础知识考点Unit4Astronomythescienceof

2021版高考英语大一轮复习第1部分基础知识考点Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars课时训练新
人教版必修320210329140
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If steel is heavier than water，why are ships able ________ (float) on the sea？(2020·浙江，16)
2．In his black and blue suit and with ________ oxygen tank fastened on his back，Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean.
3．The climate here ________ (be) quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，if ever，reaching 30 ℃ in summer.
4．The destruction of such species could prevent researchers ________ (find) cures for certain diseases.
5．We have launched another man-made satellite，________ is announced in today's newspaper.
6．Our success depends ________ whether everyone works hard.
7．It was difficult for the helicopters ________ (get) close to the roof of the building because of the heavy smoke.
8．I could feel the wind ________ (gentle) blowing through my hair，it was a warm summer breeze.
9．As we know，getting angry not only does harm ________ one's health but also has a bad effect ________ the relationship between people.
10．It is none of your business ________ other people think about you.Believe in yourself.
答案 1.to float 2.an 3.is 4.finding 5.which 6．on 7.to get 8.gently 9.to；on 10.what
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)
1．This is such interesting a film that I have seen it twice.
2．Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on if this problem can be solved.
3．General speaking，he is a smart boy except his carelessness.
4．The river is so polluted that every day we can see a lot of things being floating on the water.
5．Because there is no air or wind on the moon，the footprints may stay there for million of years.
6．Teachers can help them learn to take risks in an atmosphere that they feel confident about doing so.
7．The new bridge is three times width of that one built last year.
8．The twin brothers stood under the tree，puzzling and saying nothing.
9．The storm came so violent that it ruined the whole crops.
10．There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as sixty inches.
答案 1.such→so 2.if→whether 3.General→Generally 4.去掉being lion→millions 6.that→where7．width前加the8.puzzling→puzzled 9.violent→violently10.many→much
Ⅲ.单元考点作文串记
(一)依照提示翻译句子
1．我们能否登上火星依靠于科学技术的进展。

(land，depend on)
___________________________________________________________________
2．火星上没有氧气，昼夜温差大，这使我们不能生活在那儿。

(make it＋adj.)
___________________________________________________________________
3．火星与地球环境完全不同。

(be different from)
___________________________________________________________________
4．假如我们想到火星上住些生活，我们要带上氧气、食物、衣服等。

(take along...with) ___________________________________________________________________
5．我坚信不久的今后我们一定能成功地登上火星。

(succeed in doing)
___________________________________________________________________
(二)加入适当过渡词，连句成篇
答案(一)1.Whether we can land on Mars depends on the development of science and technology.
2．There is no oxygen on Mars and the temperature changes greatly from day to night，which makes it impossible for us to live there.
3．The environment of Mars is quite different from that of our earth.
4．If we want to stay on Mars for a few days，we should have to take along our own oxygen，food，clothing and so on with us.
5．I firmly believe that we will succeed in landing on Mars in the near future.
(二)【参考范文】
Whether we can land on Mars depends on the development of science and technology.There is no oxygen on Mars and the temperature changes greatly from day to night，which makes it impossible for us to live there.As we all know，the environment of Mars is quite different from that of our earth.In fact，if we want to stay on Mars for a few days，we should have to take along our own oxygen，food，clothing and so on with us.However，I firmly believe that we will succeed in landing on Mars in the near future.
Ⅳ.阅读明白得
A few months after we moved to Tours，France，I wanted to meet my husband，Stéphane，for lunch at the university where he worked.I got lost，so I had to call him.Stéphane's officemate André overhea rd the conversation and said，“How could she get lost? You just go straight.”
I admit I have a horrible sense of direction，can't read a map and am not such
a hot driver.But my husband claims that you don't really need a road map or to write down directions to get anywhere in France.You just need to know your destination and look at the signs in the traffic circles.And if you don't see your sign the first time around，you can keep turning around and around until you spot your exit sign.
I suppose.
But as soon as I get into a roundabout I get into a panic and rather than circling to survey my options with a cool head，I exit somewhere，anywhere，just to keep from
going round and round.
Six years into our French living experiment，I now have adopted an ideal solution：a GPS (Global Positioning System) program on my smartphone.I rely on it to get just about anywhere，even places I've been to before.This past winter we went to the Alps (阿尔卑斯山) for a skiing vacation and a friend asked me where we went.How could I know? Was n't “the Alps” precise (精准的) enough? As far as I could figure，we just turned on the GPS program，searched the address and drove.Was it the north Alps or south? Who knew? Is GPS equipment just making us all stupider or is it acting as a useful aid to people who might not be brave enough to go outside of their gates without it? In my case，it's probably both.
Maybe one day I'll grow new brain cells where my sense of direction should be.And maybe one day I'll figure out the French roads.But in the meantime，you'll find me in a roundabout，trying to figure out where to exit.
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。

作者方向感极差，经常迷路，后来作者借助全球定位系统出行，然而一次去阿尔卑斯山的经历又让作者产生了那个系统到底有害依旧有益的疑问。

1．What was André's reaction when he knew the author got lost?
A．He phoned Stéphane.
B．He felt very surprised.
C．He showed her the way.
D．He kept waiting for her.
答案 B [推理判定题。

依照第一段中André说的话：How could she get lost？You just go straight能够估量，André关于作者迷路感到专门惊奇，他认为只要直着走就可不能迷路。

]
2．What was Stéphane's advice for the author?
A．To read maps. B．To find signs.
C．To buy a GPS. D．To learn to drive.
答案 B [细节明白得题。

依照第二段中的You just need to know your destination and look at the signs in the traffic circles...until you spot your exit sign可知，作者的夫君建议她记住目的地，然后查找路标。

]
3．When the author entered a roundabout，she would probably________．
A．circle around B．stop being nervous
C．take the nearest exit D．identify the direction
答案 C [细节明白得题。

依照第四段内容可知，作者一进入交叉路口就惊慌失措、不能平复摸索，只要看到出口就赶忙出去。

]
4．The skiing vacation experience made the author wonder________．
A．how to describe a place precisely
B．whether the GPS could be trusted
C．about the influence of the GPS on people
D．about the importance of the sense of direction
答案 C [细节明白得题。

依照倒数第二段中的Is GPS equipment just making us all stupider or is it acting as a useful aid to people who might not be brave enough to go outside of their gates without it？可知，这次经历让作者对全球定位系统对人们的阻碍产生了疑问：它到底让人们变得更笨依旧能关心人们？]
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
Two days before Christmas，I was shopping in a local grocery store.I bought a lot of vegetables and some food for my two children.My cart was full as I entered the checkout lane (付款通道)．__1__
It was beginning to snow and I found that the lady looked worried.__2__I turned back and insisted she go before me.She was surprised and then she thanked me sincerely.
__3__We took advantage of this little time and had a nice chat about kindness.I told her that she seemed close to my mother's age and I hoped that someone would do the same for her.
After her goods were tallied (清点)，she was handed a receipt.Her receipt had a message that she would receive a special gift for a child at customer services.__4__
As I stood there，I felt that there may have been a child that would benefit from that gift in her own family or circle of friends and realized that one act of kindness could have a chain reaction.Had I denied myself that opportunity to practice this random act，I would have received the “free gift” receipt.__5__Furthermore，by allowing myself the opportunity to show generosity，I also received a gift—the
satisfaction of helping others.
A．Seeing this，she was delighted.
B．She thought I was just telling a joke.
C．But I knew in my heart that she needed it more.
D．It occurred to me that I should do something for her.
E．There were still several people waiting in line before us.
F．A little elderly lady was behind me with a full cart as well.
G．I was a little worried because I would have to wait for at least ten minutes. 【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。

作者在商店排队结账时让一位老妇人优先结账，作者因此感受到了关心别人的欢乐。

1．F [依照下一段中的I turned back and insisted she go before me可估量，老妇人本来是“排在作者之后的”。

]
2．D [依照本段内容可知，作者“想到要为这位老妇人做些什么事”，因此他让老妇人排到自己前面，优先结账。

]
3．E [依照本空后一句We took advantage of this little time and had a nice chat about kindness可估量，作者和老妇人的前面“仍旧有一些人在排队”，因此他们利用等待的时刻谈天。

]
4．A [依照本段内容可知，老妇人幸运地获得了礼品券，因此她应该专门“快乐”。

] 5．C [假如作者不跟老妇人换位置的话，那么获得礼品券的人应该是作者，然而看到老妇人那么快乐，作者“从内心明白她更需要那个礼品券”。

]
Ⅵ.短文改错
Sitting for long periods of time can cause so many negative health effects as smoking.Here is some simple ways sit less that you can try.First，choosing a task that involves standing，that can help you sit less during the day.Second，eat one meal the day while standing.Standing while eating doesn't mean you have to eat quickly or make poorly food choices.You can still enjoy a meal while on your foot just as well as in a chair.Finally，push your chair to the side of your desk each night.Your chair's usual position can remind you to stand for a bit of longer in the morning.
答案
Sitting for long periods of time can cause so as many negative health effects as smoking.Here is are some simple ways to
sit less that you can try.First ，choosing choose a task that involves standing ，that which can help you sit less during the a
day.Second ，eat one meal the day while standing.Standing while eating doesn't mean you have to
eat quickly or make poorly poor
food choices.You can still enjoy a meal while on your foot feet
just as well as in a chair.Finally ，push your chair to the side of your desk each night.Your chair's usual unusual
position can remind you to stand for a bit of longer in the morning.
Ⅶ.书面表达
简要描述图片内容，结合生活实际，就图片的主题谈谈自己的感想。

注意：词数100左右。

【参考范文】
From the picture we can see a boy using a mobile phone to solve his homework problems.Like magic ，it takes only a few minutes for him to finish his homework.
The picture shows a serious problem nowadays.Some students have formed the habit of searching for answers on the Internet without thinking carefully first.
I think it is unwise to turn to mobile phones unless it is necessary.Doing homework is a good way to review our lessons and develop the ability to solve problems.Depending on mobile phones completely ，however ，cannot help us become wiser or more knowledgeable.。