Unit2 语法 高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第三册

In 2009
The Kepler Space Telescope
In recent years
FAST
To search for Earth-size planets orbiting other stars
To detect communication signals between the stars in the universe
it作形式主语
主语从句常用 it 作形式主语放句首,从句为真正的主语，放在句末，使句子更平衡。
常用句型
1. It+be+ 形容词 +that从句 clear, obvious, necessary, possible, likely,... It is clear that the girl told a lie.
1. that
从属连词: that/ whether/ if
that 不充当句子成分，无语义，只起连接作用，不能省略。
That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes.
2. whether/ if
that whether
it
在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的 语法作用，又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
在复合句中，如作主语的是一个从句，该从句被称为主语从句。主语从 句须用陈述语序，单个从句做主语，主句谓语动词一般用单数。
主语从句的连接词有： 从属连词：that，whether，if 连接代词：what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whichever， whoever， whomever 连接副词：when，where，why，how
That the space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.
主
谓
2 Whether they are able to grow more vegetables depend on how
much time it takes.
单个从句做主语，主句谓语用三单。
As long as you love me
Observing
People say I’m crazy and that I’m blind
宾语从句 And how you got me blind is still a mystery
主语从句 Don’t care what is written in your history
Applying the rules
B1 Circle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks.
主
谓
1 The space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.
主从为 陈述句，不缺成分，不缺意义，用that来引导
Wr__h__a_te_v__e_ he did was right. Wr___h_ic_h__e_v_e_ team gains the most points wins. r
连接代词通常 在主语从句中 充当成分
连接副词: when, why, where, how
_W__h_e_n__they will come hasn't been made public. _W__h_e_r_e__he has gone is a question. _W__h_y__there is gravity is hard to understand. _H__o_w_ he can earn a living in Britainremains a big problem.
And how you 3got me blind is still a mystery
I can’t get you out of my head
Don’t care wh4at is written in your history As long as you are here with me
I don’t care wh5o you are wh6ere you are from w7hat you did
Alt1hough loneliness has always been a friend of mine I’m leaving my life in your hands
People say I’m crazy and th2at I’m blind Risking it all in a glance
谓语动词的数
一个主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 多个主语动词的数由后面的表语决定。
1. Who won the match __w_a_s_ still unknown. 2. What you said __w__a_s_ perfectly true. 3. When and why he will leave there _i_s___ unknown. 4. What you said and what you did __w_e_r_e_all right. 5. What she lacks __is____ experience. 6. What we need __w_e_r_e_ more books.
2. It + be + 名词词组 +that从句 a pity, no wonder, a shame, a good idea... It is a pity that he missed such an interesting film.
3. It + be+ 过去分词 + that从句 believed, said, reported,thought, suggested...
宾语从句中 whether 和 if 可互换,表语从句、同位语从句用 whether 不用 if , 条件状语从句用 if 不用 whether.
What he is not sure is _w_h__et_h_e_r__ you will leave. He doesn’t know _w__h_e_th__er_/_i_f___ you will leave. _I_f__ you work hard, you are sure to succeed.
It is suggested that the lab building (should) be built next year. It is said that he is the best student in the class.
表示命令，建议，请求，坚持的从句中要用 虚拟语气
4. It + seem, happen, appear, occur to 等不及物动词 + that 从句 It appears that they have made the same mistake. It happened that I was out that day.
宾语从句 I don’t care who you are
where you are from what you did
宾语从句
Game
What the cat did
made cry
What the cat did made the baby cry.
Where he should go not known yet
Where he should go is not known yet.
What
talk about the use of cell phone
What they are talking about is the use of cell phone.
It is suggested Einstein
做题原则
依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。 所谓“缺什么补什么”是指从句与连词之间的关系。 如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what。 如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what。 如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where。
原因状语用why；方式状语用how。 如什么都不缺用that，Whether表“是否”。
1.主语从句位于句首时; 2.从句后有or或紧跟or not时。
1.__W__h_e_t_h_e_r_ he'll come this evening is uncertain. 2. It’s uncertain _w_h_e_t_h_e_r_/i_f he’ll come this evening. 3. __W__h_e_th_e_r__ she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
(
)
Below is a newspaper feature article on osefntteelenscceospwesittho)seuxbpjleocrtecslapuascees..Find the
the (
use
(
)(
)
1. That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than groundbased telescopes, … 2. Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising... 3. It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries. 4. How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.
whether 不做成分，表意思“是否”。
W__h_e_t_h_e_r_ he will come or not is not known yet.
It's uncertain _w__h_e_t_h_e_r_/_i__ he'll come this evening. f
主语从句中用 whether 不用 if 的情况：
The use of telescopes to explore space
Breakthroughs
Use
The Hubble Space Telescope
To see further than ground-based telescopes; to play a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy
连接代词: who、whoever、whom、whose、what、 whatever、which、whichever
_W__h__ will be sent there has not been decided. _oW__h_a__ you need is more practice.
_tW__h_i_c__ one is the best is not clear . _Wh__h_o_e_v_e__ comes first will get a free book.
stop fooling around
It is suggested that Einstein (should) stop fooling around.
Read the article on page 20 and fill in the following table.
Time
In 1990