translation skills affirmative

• Words implying negative senses can be classified in the following way • Full negative: no, not , none, never, neither nobody, etc. • Semi negatives: scarcely, hardly, seldom, few, little, etc. • Partial negatives: not all, not both, not always, not every, etc. • Words with negative implication: fail, neglect, refrain, absence, ignorance, without, beyond, too …to, more than, etc.
No/ Nothing less than
• It is no less than a fraud. • 这简直是一场骗局。/这无异于一场骗局。 • It would have been impossible for me to have told anyone what I derived from these novels, it was nothing less than a sense of life itself. • 真要让我讲出我读这些小说有何收益是不 可能的，因为我所获得的就是对生活自身 的感受。
• Only (not, all, but, never) too…to do so • too ready (apt) to do… • I shall only be too pleased to do my best in that line of work. • 我很高兴尽力去做那方面的工作。 • They are all too satisfied to take the opinions of others without the pain of thought for themselves.
• They do not conduct the dangerous experiments to serve their private interest. • 他们进行这种危险的实验并不是为了图利。 • • • • • scope of negation 否定范围 I didn’t go because I was afraid. I didn’t go, because I was afraid. 我不是因为害怕才去的。 因为我害怕，所以我才没去。
• I cannot state too strongly my appreciation of the part you played in the negotiation in order to bring about the desired result.
• 为了达到预想的结果，你在谈判中起了 很大作用，对此我再怎么感谢也不过分。 • I’m wiser than to believe what you call money talks. • 我是不会相信你所谓的金钱论。 • 我才不至于蠢到相信你说的金钱万能呢。
• I cannot state too strongly my appreciation of the part you played in the negotiation in order to bring about the desired result. • I’m wiser than to believe what you call money talks. • 他提前三天到达是我们没有想到的。 • 我想他不会在意。 • 他决不会说出这样的话。
• The last + infinitive/ attributive clause • The last +不定式/ 定语从句
• • • • • Romantic is the last thing I am. 我绝对不是一个浪漫的人。 He is the last person I’d trust with a secret. 我要有什么秘密，告诉谁也不告诉他。 The very last thing of which man can make his boast is his knowledge. • 人类对于自己的知识是决不可以夸口的。
• 他们都非常满足于接受别人的意见，而懒 得去思考问题。 • ( 原too…to结构失去否定意义)
• negation + but
• Not a day goes by but that she thinks of Jack. • 她没有一天不在想念杰克。 • There is no one but hopes to be rich. • 没有人不想发财。/ 人人都想发财。 • There is no one of us but wishes to go to the concert. • 我们没有一个人不想去参加音乐会。 • (used to emphasize something that is always true 用于强调一贯的事实）
Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored.
• 事实并不因为人们忽视而不存在。 • Neither believe nor reject anything because any other person has rejected or believed it. • 不要因为别人相信或否定了什么东西， 你也就去相信它或是否定它。
His temper is more than I can bear. • It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. • He was 80, but he carried his years lightly.
• 他的脾气我可受不了。 • 他无权签定这种合同。 • 他80岁了，可是并不显老。
• • • • • •
The man is not rich and kind. 此人为富不仁。 Don’t drink and drive. 不要酒后驾车。 The film is not interesting and instructive. These are not cheap and wear-resistant shirts. • 这部影片有趣,但无教育意义。 • 这都是一些价格便宜，可就是不耐穿的衣 服。 • Parallel Structure
• I am not unprepared for it. • There is not any advantage without disadvantage. • English is not too difficult to learn. • One can not read a book without learning something. • 我对此事并非毫无准备。 • 有一利，必有一弊。 • 英文并不难学。 • 开卷有益。
• Special Structures
• • • • • • • • • All/ Every …not No/ Nothing less than Cannot …too/ over Only (not, all, but, never) too…to do so too ready (apt) to do… negation + but The last + infinitive/ attributive clause Not so much … as Negative Transfer
Negative Transfer
否定转移
• I don’t think it’s right to make such a hasty decision. • I don’t believe that they will oppose your proposal. • It doesn't look as if it is going to rain. • 我认为这样仓促作出决定是不好的。 • 我相信他们是不会反对你的意见的。 • 看起来不会下雨。 • think, assume, suppose, expect, guess, fancy, imagine, presume, reckon • look as if, seem, appear, sound as if, feel as if
翻 译 技 巧
Translation Skills IV
• 7. Affirmative and Negative
• (正说与反说)
• Every language has its peculiarities in negation. Chinese and English are different in way of thinking and in mode of speaking, therefore they have different negation. • 正说指句中无否定词，反说指句中有否定 词。英语和汉语都有同一种概念，即可从 正反也可反面来表达的情况。
• Cannot …too/ over
• You cannot be too careful in proofreading. • 校对时，越仔细越好。 • The importance of this conference cannot be overestimated. • 这次会议的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。 • In one broadcast Anna Roosevelt, the wife of President Franklin Roosevelt, said, “We cannot be too tired to win peace if our civilization is to go on. • 富兰克林· 罗斯福总统夫人安娜· 罗斯福在一 次广播讲话中说，“如果想使战后的文明继 续下去，我们付出多大的艰辛争取和平也在 所不惜。
Not Байду номын сангаасo much … as
• According to the new school of scientists, science moves forward not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. • 根据新学派的科学家的观点，科学的发展 与其说是源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如 说是由于改进的技术和工具等更为普通的 东西。
• Special Structures
• • • • All/ Every …not I don’t remember all their names. 我没有把他们的名字全都记住。 All graduates from the Foreign Languages Institute will not be appointed to do translation work. • 外语院校的毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译。 • Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentleman. • 不见得每个人都懂礼貌，也不见得所有的人 天生都是文质彬彬。
• The doubt is still unsolved after his repeated explanation. • The murder is still at large. • • • • 虽然他一再解释，谜团依旧存在。 虽然他一再解释，谜团仍未得到解决。 谋杀犯还未捉拿归案。 谋杀犯仍逍遥法外。