poverty 贫穷-英语课presentation用 PPT课件
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3. poverty reduction strategies
1.The definition of poverty
• ——the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions
Agricultural technologies industrial production
Health care and education
Health care system Primary education
rural Nigerian clinics.
3. poverty reduction strategies
•
why some individuals are poor, scrutinizing the
characteristics that differentiate the poor from nonpoor
• poverty is the result of the structures and institutions of society,
2.4 violence
• human trafficking • prostitution(卖淫)
• In one survey, 67% of children from disadvantaged inner cities said they had witnessed a serious assault（袭击）, and 33% reported witnessing a homicide(杀人).
age discrimination、stereotyping、gender discrimination、 racial discrimination、caste discrimination
↓ lower life expectancy
A Somali boy receiving treatment for malnutrition at a health facility.
2.2 education
• educational system • unsafe environment • low resources • harmful family spending
3. poverty reduction strategies
• categorized based on : • whether they make more
of the basic human needs available • whether they increase the disposable income needed to purchase those needs.
• 51% of fifth graders from New Orleans (median income for a household: $27,133) have been found to be victims of violence, compared to 32% in Washington, DC (mean income for a household: $40,127)
– Raising farm incomes is described as the core of the antipoverty effort
Income grants
Guaranteed minimum income Social security Welfare
Afghan girl begging in Kabul.
1.1 Absolute poverty
• Absolute poverty refers to the deprivation of basic human needs, which commonly includes food, water, sanitation（环境卫生）, clothing, shelter, health care and education.
1.1 Absolute poverty
1.2 relative poverty
• Relative poverty views poverty as socially defined and dependent on social context, hence relative poverty is a measure of income inequality. Usually, relative poverty is measured as the percentage of population with income less than some fixed proportion of median（中值） income.
Removing constraints on government services Political corruption（腐败） Relief developing countries' debt
3. poverty reduction strategies
Reversing brain drain（人才流失） Controlling overpopulation Increasing pwnsend
1.3 The sociology of poverty
• focus：nature, causes, consequences of poverty
•
why poverty varies across countries, across
urban and rural places, and over time.
poverty
1.definition 2.problems 3.solutions
1. The definition of poverty 1.1 Absolute poverty 1.2 relative poverty 1.3 The sociology of poverty
2.1 health problem 2.2 education 2.3 housing 2.4 violence
2.problems
health education housing violence
……
2.1 health problem
• One third of deaths in the world are due to poverty-related causes
• starvation • malnutrition • Infectious disease • have disability
(Each nation has its own poverty line.)
• World Bank data shows that the percentage of the population living in households with consumption（消费） or income per person below the poverty line has decreased in each region of the world since 1990
• individuals can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities and have the living conditions which are customary, or are at least widely encouraged or approved, in the societies to which they belong
habits • home activities,
preferences, mannerisms(举止习惯) • illnesses
Poster of Project hope
2.3 housing
• Poverty increases the risk of homelessness • Slum-dwellers(贫民窟居民) • street children
1.1 Absolute poverty • standard：the dollar a day poverty line
• extreme poverty: live on less than $1.25 per day
• moderate poverty:less than $2 or $5 a day
• Some strategies can both bring access to various basic needs,
3. poverty reduction strategies
Increasing the supply of basic needs
Food and other goods
3. poverty reduction strategies
Financial services
Microfinance and Microcredit
Cultural factors to productivity
Max Weber and the modernization（现代化） theory suggest that cultural values could affect economic success.
• —— poverty is the of getting choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to feed and clothe a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the land on which to grow one’s food or a job to earn one’s living, not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation.
1.The definition of poverty
• ——the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions
Agricultural technologies industrial production
Health care and education
Health care system Primary education
rural Nigerian clinics.
3. poverty reduction strategies
•
why some individuals are poor, scrutinizing the
characteristics that differentiate the poor from nonpoor
• poverty is the result of the structures and institutions of society,
2.4 violence
• human trafficking • prostitution(卖淫)
• In one survey, 67% of children from disadvantaged inner cities said they had witnessed a serious assault（袭击）, and 33% reported witnessing a homicide(杀人).
age discrimination、stereotyping、gender discrimination、 racial discrimination、caste discrimination
↓ lower life expectancy
A Somali boy receiving treatment for malnutrition at a health facility.
2.2 education
• educational system • unsafe environment • low resources • harmful family spending
3. poverty reduction strategies
• categorized based on : • whether they make more
of the basic human needs available • whether they increase the disposable income needed to purchase those needs.
• 51% of fifth graders from New Orleans (median income for a household: $27,133) have been found to be victims of violence, compared to 32% in Washington, DC (mean income for a household: $40,127)
– Raising farm incomes is described as the core of the antipoverty effort
Income grants
Guaranteed minimum income Social security Welfare
Afghan girl begging in Kabul.
1.1 Absolute poverty
• Absolute poverty refers to the deprivation of basic human needs, which commonly includes food, water, sanitation（环境卫生）, clothing, shelter, health care and education.
1.1 Absolute poverty
1.2 relative poverty
• Relative poverty views poverty as socially defined and dependent on social context, hence relative poverty is a measure of income inequality. Usually, relative poverty is measured as the percentage of population with income less than some fixed proportion of median（中值） income.
Removing constraints on government services Political corruption（腐败） Relief developing countries' debt
3. poverty reduction strategies
Reversing brain drain（人才流失） Controlling overpopulation Increasing pwnsend
1.3 The sociology of poverty
• focus：nature, causes, consequences of poverty
•
why poverty varies across countries, across
urban and rural places, and over time.
poverty
1.definition 2.problems 3.solutions
1. The definition of poverty 1.1 Absolute poverty 1.2 relative poverty 1.3 The sociology of poverty
2.1 health problem 2.2 education 2.3 housing 2.4 violence
2.problems
health education housing violence
……
2.1 health problem
• One third of deaths in the world are due to poverty-related causes
• starvation • malnutrition • Infectious disease • have disability
(Each nation has its own poverty line.)
• World Bank data shows that the percentage of the population living in households with consumption（消费） or income per person below the poverty line has decreased in each region of the world since 1990
• individuals can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities and have the living conditions which are customary, or are at least widely encouraged or approved, in the societies to which they belong
habits • home activities,
preferences, mannerisms(举止习惯) • illnesses
Poster of Project hope
2.3 housing
• Poverty increases the risk of homelessness • Slum-dwellers(贫民窟居民) • street children
1.1 Absolute poverty • standard：the dollar a day poverty line
• extreme poverty: live on less than $1.25 per day
• moderate poverty:less than $2 or $5 a day
• Some strategies can both bring access to various basic needs,
3. poverty reduction strategies
Increasing the supply of basic needs
Food and other goods
3. poverty reduction strategies
Financial services
Microfinance and Microcredit
Cultural factors to productivity
Max Weber and the modernization（现代化） theory suggest that cultural values could affect economic success.
• —— poverty is the of getting choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to feed and clothe a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the land on which to grow one’s food or a job to earn one’s living, not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation.