六级写作替换
英语四六级阅读写作同义词替换
英语四六级阅读写作同义词替换1.表示“减少或下行”的相关词汇diminish [dɪ'mɪnɪʃ] v. 减少dwindle ['dwɪnd(ə)l] v. 逐渐减少lessen ['les(ə)n] v. 减少slash [slæʃ] v. 削减slump [slʌmp] v.暴跌; n.衰退stagnant ['stægnənt] a.停滞的recession [rɪ'seʃ(ə)n] n.衰退lower ['ləʊə] v. 降低depression [dɪ'preʃ(ə)n] n.萧条；沮丧degenerate [dɪ'dʒen(ə)rət] v.退化degrade [dɪ'greɪd] v. 降级；退化；降解decay [dɪ'keɪ] n./v.衰退；腐烂shrink[ʃrɪŋk] v.减少，缩减decrease [dɪ'kriːs] v. 减少reduction [rɪ'dʌkʃ(ə)n] n.减少decline [dɪ'klaɪn] v./n.下降，衰退；谢绝；deteriorate [dɪ'tɪərɪəreɪt] v.恶化worsen['wɜːs(ə)n] v.变坏（get worse）aggravate ['ægrəveɪt] v.加重，恶化narrow ['nærəʊ] v.减小，限制2.表示“增加上升”的词汇mount [maʊnt]v.增加；登上augment [ɔːg'ment]n./v.增加rise[raɪz] n./v. 上升；增加raise [reɪz] vt.筹款；抚养；提升expand [ɪk'spænd] v.扩大，增加enhance[ɪn'hɑːns] v. 提高，增强rocket ['rɒkɪt] v. 猛增grow [grəʊ] v.增长elevate['elɪveɪt] v. 提高，提升soar[sɔː] v.猛增surge [sɜːdʒ]v. /n.猛增boost [buːst] v./n. 促进，提高;facilitate[fə'sɪlɪteɪt] v.使便利；促进promote [prə'məʊt] v. 促进，推进;促销enlarge [ɪn'lɑːdʒ]v. 扩大add[æd] v. 增加foster ['fɒstə] vt. 抚育; 促进accelerate[ək'seləreɪt] v. 加速；促进amplify ['æmplɪfaɪ] vt. 放大，扩大; magnify ['mægnɪfaɪ] v. 放大stimulate ['stɪmjʊleɪt] v. 刺激speed up 加速3.表示“导致”的词汇cause [kɔːz] v.导致；n.原因give rise to 导致contribute [kən'trɪbjut] to 导致；有助于result in 导致fuel [fjʊəl]v. 加燃料；激起；bring about 引起；promote[prə'məʊt] v.助长；促进ignite[ɪg'naɪt] v.点燃；引发breed [briːd]v.导致；繁殖lead to 导致generate['dʒenəreɪt] v.造成；引起；产生produce[prə'djuːs] v.产生；引起spell [spel] v.导致incur [ɪn'kɜː]v.招致，引起trigger['trɪgə] v.引发，触发表示“责备”的词汇blame [bleɪm] v.谴责；归咎于criticize ['krɪtɪsaɪz] v.批评scold [skəʊld]v.斥责accuse [ə'kjuːz] v.指责，指控condemn [kən'dem]v.谴责denounce [dɪ'naʊns] v 公开谴责be under fire 受到指责4.表示“赞扬”的词汇praise [preɪz]v. 赞扬compliment ['kɒmplɪm(ə)nt]n./v.赞扬，恭维commend[kə'mend] v.公开赞扬celebrate ['selɪbreɪt] v.歌颂，祝贺vital ['vaɪtl] a.至关重要的5.表示“重要”的词汇significant[sɪg'nɪfɪk(ə)nt] a. 重要的，意义重大的essential[ɪ'senʃ(ə)l] a. 必要的；本质的matter['mætə] v.要紧，重要indispensable[ɪndɪ'spensəb(ə)l] a.必不可少的crucial['kruːʃ(ə)l] a.关键的considerable[kən'sɪd(ə)rəb(ə)l] a. 相当大的，相当多的；重要的key[kiː] a./n.关键major ['meɪdʒə] a.主要的irreplaceable [ɪrɪ'pleɪsəb(ə)l] a. 不可代替的principal ['prɪnsəp(ə)l]a. 主要的necessary[ˈnɛsɪsərɪ] a.必须的central ['sentr(ə)l]a.中心的，重要的6.表示“改变”的词汇alter ['ɔltɚ]v.改变shift [ʃɪft] v./n/ 改变modify['mɑdɪfaɪ] v.改变，修改transform[træns'fɔrm] v.变形，改观convert[kən'vɝt] v.转变，皈依vary['veərɪ] v.变化，不同switch[swɪtʃ] v. 转变，改变；转换7.表示“阻止”的词汇curb[kɜːb] v./n.限制stem [stem] v.遏制，阻止；源于fromhinder['hɪndə] v.阻碍hamper['hæmpə] v.阻碍inhibit[ɪn'hɪbɪt] v. 抑制，禁止prohibit[prə(ʊ)'hɪbɪt] v. 禁止，阻止check [tʃek]v.抑制；检查deter[dɪ'tɜː] v.阻止，制止obstacle['ɒbstək(ə)l] n. 障碍，障碍物obstruct[əb'strʌkt] v. 阻塞barrier ['bærɪə]n. 障碍impede[ɪm'piːd] v.阻碍restrict [rɪ'strɪkt] v.限制restrain[rɪ'strewɪn] v.抑制，限制refrain[rɪ'fireɪn] vi. 抑制，避免subdue [səbudjusː]v.征服，克制suppress[sə'pres.] v.镇压，压制ban [bun] v. 禁止hold back 抑制discourage[dɪskiʌrɪdʒ] v.阻碍；使气馁block[blɒk] v. 阻碍get in the way 阻碍prevent sb from /protect sb from /stop sb from阻止8.表示“不利”的词汇unfavorable [ʌneverəbl] a.不赞同的；不利的adverse['adv.ɜːs] a.相反的，敌对的，不利的undesirable [ʌndɪ'zaɪərəb(ə)l] a.不受欢迎的hostile ['hɒstarɪl]a.有敌意的disadvantageous [,dɪside(ə)notesɪdʒəs] a.不利的inconvenience[ɪnkən'viːnɪəns] n.不方便disservice [dɪ(s)'sɜːvɪs]n.帮倒忙，伤害damage['dæmɪdʒ] n./v.损害，伤害injury['ɪn(d)ʒ(ə)rɪ] n.受伤，伤害ruin['ruːɪn] v./n.毁坏harm [hɑrm] v. 伤害9.表示“反对”的词汇oppose[ə'pəʊz] v.反对object [əb'dʒekt] v.反对disapprove [dɪsə'pruːv]v. 不赞同dispute['dɪs'pjʊt] n./v.争议challenge['tʃælɪn(d)ʒ] v.质疑；挑战raise question 质疑contradiction[,kɑntrə'dɪkʃən] n. 矛盾；反驳resist [rɪ'zɪst]v.抵制combat ['kɑmbæt]n./v.对抗reject [riː’dʒɛkt] v. 反对10.表示“有利”的词汇positive ['pɒzɪtɪv]a.积极的promising['prɒmɪsɪŋ] a. 有前途的，有希望的beneficial[benɪ'fɪʃ(ə)l] a. 有益的favorable ['feɪvərəbl] a. 赞同的，有利的constructive[kən'strʌktɪv] a. 有建设性的，积极的rosy ['rəʊzɪ] a. 美好的，乐观的optimistic[ɒptɪ'mɪstɪk] a. 乐观的hopeful ['həʊpfʊl]a. 有希望的，rewarding[rɪ'wɔːdɪŋ] a.有益的，有回报的profitable['prɒfɪtəb(ə)l] a. 有利的，赚钱的advantageous[ædvən'teɪdʒəs] a. 有利的11.示“显著”的词汇prominent['prɒmɪnənt] a. 杰出的，显著的eminent['emɪnənt] a. 显著的，杰出的outstanding[aʊt'stændɪŋ] a. 杰出的，显著的spectacular [spek'tækjʊlə]a. 壮丽的，惊人的striking['straɪkɪŋ] a.显著的，引人注目的remarkable [rɪ'mɑːkəb(ə)l] a. 显著的conspicuous [kən'spɪkjʊəs]a.显著的noted['nəʊtɪd] a. 著名的notorious[nə(ʊ)'tɔːrɪəs] a.臭名昭著的pronounced [prə'naʊnst] a.明显的，显著的evident ['ɛvɪdənt] a.清楚的12.表示“难与麻烦”的词汇burdensome['bɜːdns(ə)m] a.繁重的tough [tʌf] a.困难的demanding[dɪ'mɑːndɪŋ] a.苛求的，辛苦的（听力重点含义）complicated ['kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd]a. 复杂的complex['kɒmpleks] a. 复杂的troublesome ['trʌb(ə)ls(ə)m] a. 麻烦的harsh [hɑːʃ]a. 刺耳的，严酷的rigorous['rɪg(ə)rəs] a. 严格的，严厉的laborious [lə'bɔːrɪəs] a. 费力的13.表示“解释证明”的词汇justify ['dʒʌstɪfaɪ]v.证明…正当translate [træns'let]v.解释；转换interpret [ɪn'tɜːprɪt]v.解释account for 解释；占…比例clarify ['klærɪfaɪ] v. 澄清，阐明illustrate ['ɪləstreɪt]v.阐明，说明perception [pɚ'sɛpʃən] n. 理解，解释logic['lɒdʒɪk] n. 逻辑14.表示“刺激”的词汇motive ['məʊtɪv]n. 动机factor['fæktə] n. 因素incentive[ɪn'sentɪv] n. 刺激stimulate [ˈstɪmjuleɪt] v.刺激stimulus ['stɪmjələs] n. 刺激方案motivate[ ˈməʊtɪveɪt] v.激发，刺激activate [ˈæktɪveɪt] v.激活，触发arouse [əˈraʊz] v.唤起inspire [ɪnˈspaɪə(r)] v. 鼓舞，激励spur [spɜ:(r)] v./n. 刺激，刺激因素irritate [ˈɪrɪteɪt] v.激怒provoke [prəˈvəʊk] v.激起，激怒prompt [prɒmpt] v. 促使;敦促urge [ɜ:dʒ] v./n.催促，刺激15.数字的同义替换half=50%all=100%ten years=decade12=dozen100 years=centuryquarter=25%;one-fourth;fortnight n.两星期（十四天）one-tenth=10%16.表赞同态度：positive a. 正面的，积极的，肯定的approving a. 支持的，赞成的（approval n. 赞成，承认）supportive a. 支持的optimistic a. 乐观的sympathetic a. 表示好感/赞同；同情的favorable a. 赞成的；赞许的；有利的consenting a. 赞成的complimentary a. 表示崇敬、赞美、称赞17.表反对态度negative a. 否定的，消极的disapproving a. 反对，不赞成的critical a. 批判的，批评的；决定性的pessimistic a. 悲观的questioning a. 对. . . 表示怀疑doubtful a. (指人）感到怀疑，不能确定suspicious a. 可疑的，怀疑的skeptical a. 怀疑的，多疑的gloomy a. 阴沉的，令人泪丧的，阴郁的worried a. 担心的，焦虑的concerned a. 关心的，有关的scornful a. 轻蔑的，嘲笑的18.表中立态度neutral a. 中立的objective a. 客观的impartial a. 不偏不倚的；公正的；中立的unbiased a. 没有偏见的detached a. 不含个人偏见的其他态度词（一般为干扰项）subjective a. 主观的indifferent a. 漠不失心的,不感兴趣的puzzling a. 使迷惑的，使莫明其妙的confused a. 困惑的，烦恼的ambiguous a. 暖昧的；不明确的prejudiced a. 怀偏见的；有成见的biased a. 存有偏见的；偏见的tolerant a. 容忍的；有耐药力的；宽恕的19.六级仔细阅读同义替换：the near impossibility=effectively impossible近乎不可能it takes time to=spend 花时间做ignore=take no notice of 忽视contaminate=pollute 污染dietary advice=dietary recommendations 膳食建议compulsion=be compelled to 强迫in annoyance=feel angry about 对…感到愤怒be out to get sb=find fault with 刁难hold responsibility for= sb's responsibility某人的责任shut down=stop 阻止be prompted=be motivated 被激励come up with ideas=generate ideas 想办法loneliness=isolated 孤独inadequacy=incompetent 不足，无能为力build trust with=trustworthy 值得信赖idealize=paint a rosy picture 美化，把…理想化fill insecurities=meet security 满足安全感increase face-to-face time with=strengthen ties with 加强联系cause to vanish=ruin=extinction 摧毁differ in=different 不同erode the diversity of=become less varied 多样性减少extinction=vanish 消失不见conserve=preserve 保护is sure=feels confident 确信in a completely new way=in a novel and all-round way 用新颖全面的方式Physical conservation=preserve bodies 保护躯体much more challenging = much more laborious更费力improve decision-making=make better decisions 做出更好的决策increase yields=a better harvest 获得更好的收成very difficult to quantify=the most difficult fields to contain 最难覆盖的领域the constantly changing=conditions are always change 环境总是在变化the total amount of damage =a complete inventory of the damage完整的损失情况be built with ... = be made up of... 由...组建而成renovation workers = workers involved in the restoration of ...修复工人prevent=avert防止，避免argument = dispute 争论，争端instantly caught media attention = quickly spread across social media 迅速在社交媒体上传播key skills = the most critical skills 最关键的技能provide students with the knowledge and skills＝equip students with the right skills andknowledge 给学生提供的知识和技能our present-day understanding of communication=a modern understanding of communication现代通信概念as an adult = by the time he reached adulthood到成年的时候ongoing debate = a societal debate going on一场辩论正在进行中violate their legitimate rights = damage their legacy 损坏他们的遗产celebrity = famous actor or actress 名人20.Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention,one of themost serious problems is …21.A common phenomenon in colleges today is that students are highly involved in …There is no denying that… may have quite some bad influences on campus.如今，大学里常见的现象就是学生们…毫无疑问,可能会给校园造成许多不良影响。
六级写作30个最经典替换词
六级写作30个最经典替换词近义词通常可以在你忘了一个单词的时候用来替换这个词，来保证这个句子通顺，下面是小编为您收集整理的六级写作30个最经典替换词，供大家参考!六级写作30个最经典替换词1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理用most, if not all ,替换most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,hold the view that, it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing8: shared 代 common9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。
英语写作高级词汇替换——(4级到6级到8级的常见词语转变)精编版
★形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished7.Serious 严重的Severe8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive★动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为：think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten1.Improve 提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance2.change 改变：Transform3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法)4.Develop培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture5.Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源7.deal With解决Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve 8.need 需要Require、necessitate、call for★名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race5. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力：ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子：children = offspring = descendant= kid1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency、Criminal Act4.Environment 环境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience5.Pollution 污染Contamination6.Human 人类The human race Humanity Humankind7.Danger 危险Peril、Hazard8.In modern society 在当今社会In contemporary society In present-day society In this day and age★短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of★插入语1.indeed的确，2.surely无疑，3.however然而，4.obviously显然，5.frankly 坦率地说，6.naturally自然，7.luckily (或happily)for sb.算某人幸运，8.fortunately/luckily幸好，9.honestly真的， 10.briefly简单地说, 11.strange to say说也奇怪， 12.needless to say不用说，13.most impor tant of all最为重要是， 13.worse still更糟糕的是， 14.in a few words(或in sum，in short)简而言之， 15.in other words换句话说，16.in a sense在某种意义上， 17.in general一般说来， 18.in my view在我看来， 19.in conclusion总之， 20.in summary概括地说， 21.in fact事实上， 22.in the first place首先，23.in addition此外，24.of course当然， 25.to my knowledge 据我所知， 26.for instance(或example)例如， 27.as a matter of fact事实上, 28.strictly speaking严格地说， 29.generally speaking一般地说，30.judging from…根据……判断31.to be sure无疑， 32.to sum up概括地说， 33.to tell the truth老实说, 34.I am sure我可以肯定地说，35.I believe我相信， 36.I wonder我不知道， 37.that is也就是说，38.it seems 看来是，39.as I see it照我看来， 40.what is important (serious)重要(严重)的是 1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative9 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12 有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13 要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14 消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15 导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, asa result, because of this, as a result of this17 增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20 急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23 发生：Happen, occur, take place24 原因：Reason, factor, cause25 发展：Development, advance, progress26 有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27 影响：Influence, impact, effect28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear 29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe 33 大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.1.individuals,characters, folks替换people ,persons2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换Eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
六级作文模板
首段模板：1.矛盾类：a)In the contemporary / current / modern society，（时间状语）there is a heated debate / controversy over whether…题目矛盾(进行同义替换)b)Some believe that…, while others harbour the idea that…题目具体内容c)From my perspective, I stand for the former/latter one.✓高分：模板＋个性化；题目没给矛盾双方且没有其他办法时，可以自己提出对立方2.重要性：a)It is widely accepted/acknowledged that sth plays a key/crucial role in…b)Were it not for…, it would be harder to for sb to do…毫无疑问/众所周知的是…➢There is no/little doubt that…➢It cannot be denied that…➢There is a growing recognition that……是十分重要/必要的➢Sth plays an extremely important role in…➢Sth is of great importance in➢Nothing is more important than◼常见替换：significant, essential, indispensable, paramount, key◼短语补充：✧conduct teaching activities 开展教学活动✧to impart knowledge to students 传授知识给学生✧to gain / acquire knowledge 学习知识3.名言型a)Ther e has been much debate/controversy over…It is widely accepted that sth plays a key role in…b)As a famous saying/proverb goes, … (名言)c)From my perspective, this proverb tells us that we cannot … unless…（观点）4.社会现象a)In the contemporary society / With our society developing increasingly faster,there is a prevalent/common phenomenon that people in growing numbers…b)To illustrate, we can often see that… (举例或详述)c)Obviously, this issue has already given rise to a lot of public concerns.Apparently, some prompt actions should be taken to tackle/address this issue.◼短语补充：✧Sb find it + adj to do✧juggle A with B = balance A and B✧it is high time we (should) do5.漫画类a)As is explicitly demonstrated in the cartoon,A is doing… andB says with doubt/irony/certainty…b)Then, A looks rather embarrassed/frustrated/disappointed.c)A pparently, this cartoon aims to tell us that in order to… , sb should…6.图表类a)As is explicitly illustrated by the figures in the table (line graph/ picture/ pie chart/ bar chart),b)xxx has been on rise/decrease significantly/dramatically/steadily from… in (年份) to… in（年份）.c)From the sharp/marked decline/rise in the chart, it goes without saying that…正文部分：高分句型＋相关论据1.首句✓回答原因：why?There are a multitude of reasons accounting for + 名词词组…There are a multitude of reasons that should be responsible for this alarming trend.(适用于不太好的主题)The reasons why I stand for … are as follows.✓回答结果：what?There are some potential consequences if sth…The potential consequences are as follows.✓回答方式：how?There are certainly some measures that can be taken to tackle this issue.Some reasonable measures can certainly be taken to help…2.正文反证假设：if some groups of people(students/adults) can have 主题, this means…✓Students:a)学习高效，从而取得学术成就, 同时运用到成人世界：Their efficiency in study will be improved and thus they will become academically successful.At the same time, their aspiration and persistence in study can ensure them a better career prospects, meaning that there is a high possibility for them to find a decent job and earn a high salary.b)求知精神，克服求知过程中的困难，同时运用到成人世界：They tend to become more motivated to explore the unknow academic areas and thus they can be cultivated the ability of overcoming difficulties independently. At the same time, this merit can be applied to their working life, which will benefit them a lot in terms of promotion and salary increase.c)变得受欢迎，从而变得自信，善于社交，同时运用到成人世界：They will become popular among their peers and in schools, and thus they can gain more confidence in socializing with different people. At the same time, this merit can be applied to their working life, which will benefit them a lot in terms of promotion and salary increase.✓Adults:a)工作高效，从而提高生产力，获得更高收入：Their working efficiency will be improved and thus they can greatly increase the productivity.In this case, on top of helping companies keep costs down, they can bring huge economic benefits, meaning that there is a high possibility for them to be promoted.b)创新精神，积极克服工作中的困难，获得更高的收入：They tend to become more motivated and innovative to figure out the demanding problems in their work and thus great efforts will be made by them to overcome difficulties independently. In this case, on top of helping companies keep costs down, they can bring huge economic benefits, meaning that there is a high possibility for them to be promoted.c)变得受欢迎，从而变得自信，善于社交，从而获得同事的认可和好的名声：They will become popular among their peers and in workplace, and thus they can gain more confidence in socializing with different people. At the same time, this merit can gain them a good reputation and recognition from their colleagues.3.字数不够，万能补充有+写作主题+的人将会更加积极乐观面对生活，谁不愿意跟一个充满正能量的人做朋友呢？They will have a positive outlook on life and would always make every endeavor in life. After all, nobody would refuse to make friends with such a man with so much positive energy and enthusiasm.4.！think harder: TRECHs-social justice, sports✓T-technology✩contribute to the development of technology → technological innovations✩provide talents for the country and they can contribute to country’s development✓T-travel✩broaden one’s horizons → be more open-minded and embrace the different cultures✓R-right/responsibility✩enhance the awareness of law to defend their basic right✩cultivate the sense of responsibility and learn to take up the responsibility independently → grow into a mature individual✓E-education✩be equipped with the professional knowledge and practical skills → find a decent job ✩narrow the disparity/gap between the rich and the poor → social equality✓E-environment✩maintain the balance of ecosystem → prevent animals from extinction✩keep the air clean → reduce the incidence of developing respiratory diseases✓E-economy✩boost the national economy →people’s living standard will be improved and international status will be improved✩governments can allocate more funds to scientific research so as to make technological breakthroughs✓C-culture✩cultural diversity can be enhanced → people will have a colorful life and experience exotic customs and traditions in their own country✩cultural diversity can be enhanced → reduce the cultural misunderstanding and conflicts, which is a symbol of social progress✓C-crime✩high moral standards so that the crime rates will be controlled → the public will have a sense of security✓H-health✩people will keep in a good conditions → they can ensure their working efficiency so that the society can operate smoothly✩if people are all in good conditions, the financial burden of medical services on governments will be greatly reduced5.措施（三个层面）✓Government 政府✩launch a campaign for +题目主题+ to arouse people’s awareness of sth✩invest in sth → +题目主题✩enact laws to force sb to do✓Individual 个人✩endeavor to form a good habit +题目主题✩be more passionate and positive about life✓Parents and schools 家长和学校✩parents should set a good example for their children → guide their children in a right way ✩attach great importance to children’s moral education and develop their practical skills → well-rounded person尾段：逻辑互补核心思想：正文写完顺着写+万能套句✓…很重要+如何实现✓…产生的原因+可能的结果✓…可能的结果+解决措施✓…需要的措施+…很重要◼万能套句a)In short, +文章主题. It is high time that people should take full advantage of existingopportunities advocate/ curb this social phenomenon. Only in this way can we live in a harmonious and liveable society with supportive atmosphere and loving citizens.b)Given the factors that I have just outlined, the fundamental method in which the governmentaddresses the problem/ advocates this phenomenon is to raise the public awareness of xxx by launching campaigns in society. In addition, the mass media should also join in the efforts in educating the citizens to.… Only through concerted steps, can our society make progress in….c)To sum up, while xxx can …, it is just like a double-edged sword if people cannot make use ofit properly. We must bear in mind that we should avoid the undesirable effects of…, when taking advantage of it. Only in this way can we….。
英语作文常用替换高级词汇
英语作文常用替换高级词汇中常用替换高级词汇（一）★形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive★动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为：think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race5. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力：ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子：children = offspring = descendant= kid★短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of（二）,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good 3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad, 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
作文中常见替换词汇
too--exceessively,inordinately,unduly
too many--an exceessive number of,a disproportionate number of
too much--exceessive(ly)
try--endeavor,strive
understand--appreciate
阅读篇
英语１００篇精读荟萃及详解（中级篇） 英语１００篇精读荟萃及详解（高级篇） 上海交大英语六级阅读理解 100 篇文本 六级必考词 500 我在做阅读理解时常常出现的
写作篇 英语六级写作常用谚语 500 句 六级作文点睛妙句哦 不下后悔咯 英语六级写作中 100 个使用频率较高的词语搭配 [汇总]大学英语四六级作文资料汇集区
--reveal ,divulge
side--aspect(of a prlblem)
small--minor/insignificant (problems,differences etc),marginal(differences)
therefore--consequently
thing--element,aspect,objact,factor,consideration
later--subsequent(ly)
less and less--decreasing(ly)
let,allow--permit
like--to be partial to sth,liking
liking--predilection for sth, partiality for sth
long--extensive(coverage,footnotes,passages,scope),protracted
30个最经典的替换词
1.适当⽤被动替换主动，这样能更客观的反映事实, 句⼦开头不要总是⽤we / I (⽐如写结尾时不⽤we should pay attention to⽽⽤Attention should be paid to. ) 举个经典结尾2004年六⽉六级作⽂的最后⼀段：It is ,therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. By doing so，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively. 2.善于使⽤插⼊语，⽐如说把副词、连接词等，作插⼊语放在中间，⼀般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。
如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插⼊语放在中间，⼀般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。
⽐如说： Other individuals, however, take the attitude that … 3. ⼀定要学会换词，换形象，具体的替换太宽泛的。
(考试中⼀般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion 等等)⽐如上⾯例⼦中，applicable替换proper, approaches替换ways, implement替换carry out, sharpen one’s competitive edge替换enhance one’s competitiveness(提⾼某物竞争⼒) 下⾯举⼀篇南京⼯程学院某位同学写的优秀作⽂(14分)的例⼦，看看他是如何运⽤各类写作技巧的。
这位同学把⽼师上课讲的各类写作⼿法和精彩替换和句型都⽤上了，作⽂有了很⼤的提⾼。
Computer and I By Simmy I never forget the exceedingly thrilling day when my mother bought me a computer as birthday present, which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that i indulged myself in googling an army of useful information i had expected ,and enjoy a sea of melodious classic music. That night I was sleepless, feeling that the whole world belonged to me. exceedingly 替换 very thrilling 替换 exciting sth. exert a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb. be interested in sth. google 替换 search an army of 替换 a lot of The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers. Coincident with the advancement of science and technology, computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing individuals. It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them, in large measure! The dawn of the new century witnessed 是⼀个精彩句型，⽤来描述在某个时期发⽣了什么事情； Increasing popularity 替换 more and more popular Coincident with … ⾮常地道的句型，表达“与…⼀致”的意思，替换 With … Advancement 替换 development Pour into ( flood into / swarm into )替换 enter into Current ( currently )替换 now Appeal to sb. 替换 sb. be interested in sth. Growing individuals 替换 more and more people It is no exaggeration to say 经典句型，说某事是毫不夸张的 For a start, we can, freely, search desired information at any moment . Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. Additionally, we can get huge recreations online by chatting, playing games, or delivering email. For a start 替换 To begin with We can, freely, search ⽤了插⼊语的写作⼿法 our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. ⽤了⾮常精彩的被动 Additionally 替换 In addition / Besides Deliver 替换 send There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, in a way, especially the growing violence ,***, porn pictures, AV-films emerging on the screen , which leads quiet a few net citizens to copying. There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, 这个句⼦有三个精彩之处，⾸先There is no denying that这个句型，还有however作为插⼊语， function in the disservice of 替换 do harm to Emerging 替换 appearing ( fading 替换 disappearing ) Net citizen 民，属于精彩⽤词 As a classic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds. Computers do play a positive role in the development of people' lives, despite a slice of unfavorable impacts. We should ,therefore, take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet. No garden has no weeds 替换 Every coin has two sides Computers do play ，do 强调 Positive 替换 important / good 等 A slice of 替换 a part of Unfavorable 替换 bad Impacts 替换 effects / influences We should, therefore, take advantage of … 使⽤插⼊语 Fruits (⽽且fruits ⽤的⾮常形象， merits/ virtues) 替换 advantage ( defects 替换 disadvantage ) Facet 替换 aspect 各位同学，上⾯的作⽂⾥有这么多精彩的闪光点，作⽂怎么会不得⾼分呢！ 以下是30个最经典的替换词，各位同学可以参考⼀下。
英语四、六级写作高分同义替换词300组(一)【1-100组：音标+释义】
四、六级写作高分同义替换词300组(一)1-100组：音标+详解success, is the heart of the created.成功，是内心的造就。
1.古代的：ancient - archaic - antique - immemorial - antediluvianancient [ˈeɪnʃənt] adj.古代的;古老的;很老的archaic [ɑːˈkeɪɪk] adj.古旧的;陈旧的;古代的;古体的;早已过时的;早期的 antique [ænˈtiːk] adj.古董的;古老的immemorial [ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl] adj.古老的;远古的;无法追忆的antediluvian [ˌæntidɪˈluːviən] adj.古老的;早已过时的;十分老式的2.怀疑的: doubtful - skeptical - suspicious - sceptical - distrustfuldoubtful [ˈdaʊtfl] adj.可疑的;怀疑;拿不定主意;不确定;未必;难说skeptical [ˈskeptɪkl] adj.持怀疑态度的;怀疑的;心存疑惑的;将信将疑的 suspicious [səˈspɪʃəs] adj.可疑的;怀疑的;不信任的;感觉可疑的sceptical [ˈskeptɪkl] adj.怀疑的distrustful [dɪsˈtrʌstfl] adj.不信任的;怀疑的3.沮丧的: sad - depressed - gloomy - frustrated - dejected - bluesad [sæd] adj.悲哀的,伤心的,难过的;可悲的,令人难过的;令人遗憾的depressed [dɪˈprest] depress的过去分词和过去式adj.抑郁的;沮丧的;意志消沉的;患抑郁症的;萧条的 gloomy [ˈɡluːmi] adj.黑暗的;阴暗的;忧郁的;沮丧的;无望的;悲观的frustrated [frʌˈstreɪtɪd] frustrate的过去分词和过去式adj.沮丧的;沮丧;失意的;懊丧;懊恼;无效的dejected [dɪˈdʒektɪd] adj.沮丧的;情绪低落的;垂头丧气的blue [bluː] adj.蓝色的;天蓝色的;发青的;忧郁的;悲伤的4.无聊的: boring - dull - tiresome - tedious - humdrum - stuffyboring [ˈbɔːrɪŋ] bore的现在分词adj.没趣的;令人厌倦(或厌烦)的dull [dʌl] adj.迟钝的;无聊的;枯燥无味的;不鲜明的;不清晰的;隐约的tiresome [ˈtaɪəsəm] adj.讨厌的;烦人的;令人厌烦的tedious [ˈtiːdiəs] adj.乏味的;冗长的;啰唆的;令人厌烦的humdrum [ˈhʌmdrʌm] adj.单调的;乏味的stuffy [ˈstʌfi] adj.闷热的;通风不畅的;一本正经的;古板的;无聊的5.困难的: difficult - demanding - laborious - stiff - painfuldifficult [ˈdɪfɪkəlt] adj.困难的;费力的;难做的;难解的;问题很多的demanding [dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ] demand的现在分词adj.要求高的;苛求的;费力的;要求极严的;难满足的 laborious [ləˈbɔːriəs] adj.费力的;辛苦的stiff [stɪf] adj.不易弯曲(或活动)的;硬的;挺的;僵硬的;一动就疼的;稠 难搅动的;困难的;不友好的;高昂的;烈性的painful [ˈpeɪnfl] adj.痛苦的;令人疼痛的;不愉快的;困难的;艰难的6.不好的: bad - undesirable - negative - adverse - wrong - seriousbad [bæd] adj.令人不快的;问题成堆的;坏的;质量差的;不合格的;有病的 undesirable [ˌʌndɪˈzaɪərəbl] adj.不受欢迎的;不想要的;不得人心的negative [ˈneɡətɪv] adj.消极的;负面的;否定的;坏的;有害的;缺乏热情的 adverse [ˈædvɜːs] adj.不利的;有害的;反面的wrong [rɒŋ] adj.错误的;不对的;不正确的;不正常;不合适的;不道德serious [ˈsɪəriəs] adj.不好的;严重的;有危险的7.大的: big - vast - massive - enormous - heavy - macrobig [bɪɡ] adj.大的;巨大的;年龄较大的;严重的;庞大的;热衷于…vast [vɑːst] adj.巨大的;辽阔的;庞大的;大量的massive [ˈmæsɪv] adj.大量的,巨大的,大规模的;大而重的;宽广的enormous [ɪˈnɔːməs] adj.巨大的;庞大的;极大的heavy [ˈhevi] adj.重的;沉的;大而结实的;不精致的macro [ˈmækrəʊ] adj.巨大的；极厚的；特别突出的；大量使用的8.唯一: only - solely - unique - merely - solitary - soleonly [ˈəʊnli] adv.只有;只;仅;只不过;仅…而已;仅此而已;愈加;不料adj.唯一的;仅有的;最好的;最适当的solely [ˈsəʊlli] adv.唯一地;仅;只;唯;单独地unique [juˈniːk] adj.唯一的;独一无二的;独特的;罕见的;独具的,特有的 merely [ˈmɪəli] adv.仅仅;只不过solitary [ˈsɒlətri] adj.孤独的;孤单的;独自的;单个的;唯一的solely [ˈsəʊlli] adv.唯一地;仅;只;唯;单独地9.普遍的: common - commonplace - universal - general - rife - globalcommon [ˈkɒmən] adj.常见的;通常的;普遍的;共有的;共享的;共同的;普通 commonplace [ˈkɒmənpleɪs] adj.平凡的;普通的;普遍的universal [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl] adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的;广泛适用 general [ˈdʒenrəl] adj.全体的;普遍的;总的;正常的;一般的;常规的rife [raɪf] adj.流行的，盛行的;普遍的，常见的;充满的，充斥的global [ˈɡləʊbl] adj.全球的;全世界的;整体的;全面的;总括的10.不同的: different - various - unlike - unequal - diverse - apartdifferent [ˈdɪfrənt] adj.不同的;有区别的;分别的;各别的;各种的;别致 various [ˈveəriəs] adj.各种各样的,不同的;许多的;各个的,各别的unlike [ˌʌnˈlaɪk] adj.不同的,相异的;不等同的;不是……特有的unequal [ʌnˈiːkwəl] adj.不平等的;不公平的;不相等的,不同的;不胜任的 diverse [daɪˈvɜːs] adj.多种多样的;不同的;相异的;形形色色的apart [əˈpɑːt] adj.(与众)不同的11.许多的: many - numerous - a host of - much - full - fiftymany [ˈmeni] adj.许多的,大量的numerous [ˈnjuːmərəs] adj.很多的;众多的;许多的a host of [ə həʊst ɒv] 许多;很多much [mʌtʃ] adj.许多的;大量的;很大程度的full [fʊl] adj.满的;充满的;大量的;(有)许多的;丰富的fifty [ˈfɪfti] adj.许多的12.有益的: helpful - favorable - beneficial - profitable - usefulhelpful [ˈhelpfl] adj.有用的;有益的;有帮助的;愿意帮忙的favorable [ˈfeɪvərəbl] adj.有利的;赞许的;顺利的;令人愉快的;讨人喜欢 beneficial [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl] adj.有益的;有利的;有裨益的;有用的profitable [ˈprɒfɪtəbl] adj.有利可图的;赢利的;有益的;有好处的useful [ˈjuːsfl] adj.有用的;有益的;实用的;有帮助的;好的;合格的13.著名的: famous - famed - notable - eminent - renowned- illustriousfamous [ˈfeɪməs] adj.著名的;出名的famed [feɪmd] adj.著名的notable [ˈnəʊtəbl] adj.值得注意的;显著的;重要的eminent [ˈemɪnənt] adj.(尤指在某专业中)卓越的,著名的;非凡的;杰出的 renowned [rɪˈnaʊnd] adj.著名的;闻名的;有名的;受尊敬的illustrious [ɪˈlʌstriəs] adj.显赫的;杰出的;著名的;卓越的14.合理的: reasonable - sound - rational - sensible - moderatereasonable [ˈriːznəbl] adj.公平的;合理的;有理由的;明智的;可以接受的 sound [saʊnd] adj.明智的,合理的;正确的;可靠的;透彻的;完备的,全面的 rational [ˈræʃnəl] adj.合理的;理性的;明智的;理智的;清醒的sensible [ˈsensəbl] adj.明智的,理智的;合理的;知道的,意识到的moderate [ˈmɒdərət] adj.适度的;温和的;不偏激的;适中的;合理的15.勇敢的: brave - courageous - bold - fearless - valiant - intrepidbrave [breɪv] adj.勇敢的;无畏的;需要勇气的;表现勇敢的;新颖的;崭新的 courageous [kəˈreɪdʒəs] adj.勇敢的;无畏的bold [bəʊld] adj.大胆的;大胆自信的;敢于冒险的;明显的;粗体的;黑体的 fearless [ˈfɪələs] adj.不怕的;无畏的;大胆的valiant [ˈvæliənt] adj.勇敢的;英勇的;果敢的;坚定的intrepid [ɪnˈtrepɪd] adj.勇敢的;无畏的16.贷款：loans - mortgage - credit - lend - borrowingloans [ləʊnz] loan的第三人称单数和复数n.贷款;借款;借出;贷给;被借出mortgage [ˈmɔːɡɪdʒ] n.抵押贷款;按揭贷款;按揭credit [ˈkredɪt] n.信用;学分;贷款;赊购;赊欠借款;信誉;结余;存款金lend [lend] n.(短期)贷款borrowing [ˈbɒrəʊɪŋ] borrow的现在分词n.借款;贷款;借贷;借用的言语(或思想等)17.反馈: feedback - opinion - couple back - respondfeedback [ˈfiːdbæk] n.反馈;反馈的意见(或信息)opinion [əˈpɪnjən] n.意见;想法;看法;观点,信仰couple back 电容反馈respond [rɪˈspɒnd] v.回应;响应;作出反应;作出正确反应;有改进18.选举: referendum - election - voting - elect - returnreferendum [ˌrefəˈrendəm] n.公民投票;全民公决;全民投票election [ɪˈlekʃn] n.选举;当选;推选(尤指从政)voting [ˈvəʊtɪŋ] vote的现在分词n.投票;选举;表决elect [elect] v.选举;推选;选择,决定(做某事)return [rɪˈtɜːn] v.回,返回;重起;复归;(选民)选出(或重新选出)…为议员19.麻烦: nuisance - headache - trouble - palaver - hasslenuisance [ˈnjuːsns] n.讨厌的人(或东西);麻烦事;妨害行为headache [ˈhedeɪk] n.头痛;令人头痛的人(或事物);麻烦trouble [ˈtrʌbl] n.麻烦;困难;问题;忧虑;苦恼;疾病palaver [pəˈlɑːvə] n.麻烦;琐事;忙乱;空话;废话hassle [ˈhæsl] n.困难;麻烦;分歧;争论;烦恼20.收入: revenue - income - salary - receipts - earning - proceedrevenue [ˈrevənjuː] n.收入;收益;财政收入;税收收入income [ˈɪnkʌm] n.收入;收益;所得salary [ˈsæləri] n.薪水;薪金(尤指按月发放的)receipts [rɪˈsiːts] receipt的复数n.收据;收条;接收;收到;收到的款项,收入earning [ˈɜːnɪŋ] earn的现在分词n.收入;所赚的钱proceed [prəˈsiːd] n.(从事某种活动等的)收入;卖得金额;收益21.关闭: shut - close - paralyse - seal - shut down - shut offshut [ʃʌt] v.关闭;关上;合上;(使)停止营业,关门close [kləʊz ] v.关;关闭;合上;(使)关门,关闭paralyse [ˈpærəlaɪz] vt.使瘫痪;使麻痹;使不能正常工作seal [siːl] vt.密封(容器);封上(信封);封盖…的表面;确定;关闭shut down （使)(工厂、公司等)关闭,歇业,停业shut off 关闭;关上;使停止运转;（通常因沮丧而）躲开他人，不见人22.想象: visualize - imagine - suppose - thinkvisualize [ˈvɪʒuəlaɪz] vt.可视化;想象;设想;使形象化;构思imagine [ɪˈmædʒɪn] v.想象;设想;误以为;胡乱猜想;猜测;料想suppose [səˈpəʊz] v.认为,推断,料想;假定;假设;设想think [θɪŋk] v.认为;以为;想;思考;思索;思想;琢磨;猜想;料想;只想;打23.会议: conference - meeting - convention - congress - assemblyconference [ˈkɒnfərəns] n.会议;研讨会;讨论会;商讨会;体育协会meeting [ˈmiːtɪŋ] meet的现在分词n.会议;集会;与会者;会面;集合;运动会convention [kənˈvenʃn] n.习俗;常规;惯例;大会,集会;公约,协定congress [ˈkɒŋɡres] n.国会;代表大会;议会;国民大会assembly [əˈsembli] n.装配;集会;议会;会议;(全校师生的)晨会,朝会24.引用: cite - excerpt - quote - citationcite [saɪt] v.提及;举出;列举;引用;引述;援引excerpt [ˈeksɜːpt] vt.摘录;摘要;引用;节要quote [kwəʊt] v.引用;报价;引述;举例说明;开价;出价citation [saɪˈteɪʃn] n.引语;引文;引述;表彰;表扬;(被)引用,引证25.限制: limit - restrict - constrict - confine - constraintlimit [ˈlɪmɪt] vt.限制;限定;限量;减量restrict [rɪˈstrɪkt] vt.限制;限定;束缚;妨碍;阻碍;约束constrict [kənˈstrɪkt] v.收缩;限制;约束;抑制;紧缩,缩窄;限定 confine [kənˈfaɪn] vt.限制;限定;监禁;禁闭;使离不开constraint [kənˈstreɪnt] n.限制;限定;约束;严管26.可用的: usable - available - applicable - workableusable [ˈjuːzəbl] adj.能用的;可用的;适用的available [əˈveɪləbl] adj.可获得的;可购得的;可找到的;有空的 applicable [əˈplɪkəbl] adj.可应用的;适用;合适workable [ˈwɜːkəbl] adj.可行的;行得通的;可开采的;可开发的27.毒品: drugs - narcotics - burning rope - hard drug - intoxicantdrugs [drʌɡz] drug的第三人称单数和复数n.毒品;药;药物narcotics [nɑːˈkɒtɪks] narcotic的复数n.致幻毒品;麻醉品;镇静剂;麻醉药burning rope [bɜːnɪŋ rəʊp] n.毒品hard drug n.硬性毒品(常用成瘾)intoxicant [ɪnˈtɒksɪkənt] n.麻醉剂;毒品;酒类饮料28.足够的: sufficient - adequate - ample - plentysufficient [səˈfɪʃnt] adj.足够的;充足的;充足的,充分的adequate [ˈædɪkwət] adj.充足的;足够的;合格的;合乎需要的ample [ˈæmpl] adj.充足的;足够的;丰裕的;硕大的plenty [ˈplenti] adj.足够的;很多的29.缺乏: deficient - lack - insufficiency - absence - scarcitydeficient [dɪˈfɪʃnt] n.有缺点(或缺陷)的人(或物)lack [læk] n.缺乏;匮乏;短缺insufficiency [ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənsi] n.不足,不充分,缺乏absence [ˈæbsəns] n.缺席;不在;不存在;缺乏scarcity [ˈskeəsəti] n.稀缺;缺乏;不足;稀少30.缺点: drawback - weakness - shortcoming - defect - flaw - fault drawback [ˈdrɔːbæk] n.缺点;不利条件weakness [ˈwiːknəs] n.弱点;软弱;疲软;虚弱;衰弱;懦弱;缺点shortcoming [ˈʃɔːtkʌmɪŋ] n.缺点;短处defect [ˈdiːfekt ] n.缺点;缺陷;毛病flaw [flɔː] n.缺陷;瑕疵;缺点;错误;裂痕;裂隙;(性格上的)弱点 fault [fɔːlt] n.过错;故障;过失;责任;弱点;缺点;缺陷31.促进: stimulate - promote - boost - advance - encourage - assiststimulate [ˈstɪmjuleɪt] vt.促进;激发;激励;刺激;使兴奋promote [prəˈməʊt] vt.促进;推动;促销;推销;提升;晋升boost [buːst] vt.促进;使增长;使兴旺;偷窃advance [ədˈvɑːns] v.前进,行进;发展,进步;促进;推动;预付;提出encourage [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ] vt.支持;鼓励;激励;鼓动;劝告;怂恿;促进;助长;刺 assist [əˈsɪst] v.帮助;协助;援助;促进32.萧条的: depressed - desolate - slack - dull - sluggish - flatdepressed [dɪˈprest] depress的过去分词和过去式adj.抑郁的;沮丧的;意志消沉的;不景气的;萧条的desolate [ˈdesələt ] adj.无人居住的;荒凉的;不幸的slack [slæk] adj.不紧的;松弛的;萧条的;冷清的;清淡的;懈怠的dull [dʌl] adj.迟钝的;无聊的;阴沉的;隐隐约约的;萧条的sluggish [ˈslʌɡɪʃ] adj.行动迟缓的;不好动的，懒怠的;缓慢的,迟缓的flat [ flæt] adj.平的;水平的;枯燥的;平淡的;色彩单调的;不景气的33.非法的: illegal - unlawful - illicit - shady - illegal - improperillegal [ɪˈliːɡl] adj.不合法的;非法的;违法的unlawful [ʌnˈlɔːfl] adj.不合法的;非法的;违法的illicit [ɪˈlɪsɪt] adj.非法的;违法的;不正当的shady [ˈʃeɪdi] adj.背阴的;阴凉的;成荫的;可疑的;多阴的;鬼祟的;非法的 funny [ˈfʌni] adj.不合法的;非法的;违法的improper [ɪmˈprɒpə] adj.不诚实的;不正当的;不道德的;错误的;不正确的34.阻止: prevent - hinder - refrain - deter - arrest - impede - haltprevent [prɪˈvent] vt.防止;阻止;阻碍;阻挠hinder [ˈhɪndə] vt.阻碍;妨碍;阻挡refrain [rɪˈfreɪn] vt.抑制;避免;克制;节制deter [dɪˈtɜː] v.制止;阻止;威慑;使不敢arrest [əˈrest] v.逮捕;拘留;阻止;中止;吸引(注意);心跳停止impede [ɪmˈpiːd] vt.妨碍;阻碍;阻止halt [hɔːlt] v.停止行进,停止,终止;使停止前进,使停止,使终止;蹒跚35.忧虑: distress - anxiety - gloom - agitation - grief - disquietdistress [dɪˈstres] n.忧虑;悲伤;痛苦;贫困;窘迫;困苦anxiety [æŋˈzaɪəti] n.焦虑;忧虑;担心;害怕;渴望gloom [ɡluːm] n.忧郁;愁闷;无望;幽暗;黑暗;昏暗agitation [ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃn] n.煽动;鼓动;骚动;焦虑不安;忧虑;烦乱grief [ɡriːf] n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心;伤心事;担心;忧虑disquiet [dɪsˈkwaɪət] n.不安;忧虑;烦恼36.充足的: abundant - ample - plentiful - generous - plentiful - enoughabundant [əˈbʌndənt] adj.大量的;充裕的;丰盛的ample [ˈæmpl] adj.充足的;足够的;丰裕的;丰满的;硕大的plentiful [ˈplentɪfl] adj.大量的;众多的;充足的;丰富的generous [ˈdʒenərəs] adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的;充足的;仁慈的plentiful [ˈplentɪfl] adj.大量的;众多的;充足的;丰富的enough [ɪˈnʌf] adj.充足的37.有活力的: energetic - dynamic - animated - alive - springyenergetic [ˌenəˈdʒetɪk] adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的;需要能量的;积极的dynamic [daɪˈnæmɪk] adj.动态的;动力的;充满活力的;发展变化的;力的 animated [ˈænɪmeɪtɪd] animate的过去分词和过去式adj.有生气的;栩栩如生的;活跃的;兴致勃勃的alive [əˈlaɪv] adj.活着的;活着;在世;情绪饱满;有生气;有活力;充满springy [ˈsprɪŋi] adj.有弹性(或弹力)的;矫健的;有活力的38.优秀的: good - excellent - outstanding - extraordinary - remarkablegood [ɡʊd] adj.好的;优质的;符合标准的;可接受的;令人愉快的;令人满意 excellent [ˈeksələnt] adj.杰出的;极好的;非凡的;好极了,妙极了outstanding [aʊtˈstændɪŋ] outstand的现在分词adj.优秀的;杰出的;出色的;突出的;明显的 extraordinary [ɪkˈstrɔːdnri] adj.异乎寻常的;非凡的,卓越的;特别的remarkable [rɪˈmɑːkəbl] adj.非凡的;显著的;引人注目的;奇异的39.非常: very - exceedingly - extremely - considerably - greatlyvery [ˈveri] adv.非常;很;十分;极;十足;完全同样exceedingly [ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli] adv.非常;极其;特别extremely [ɪkˈstriːmli] adv.极其;极端;非常considerably [kənˈsɪdərəbli] adv.非常;很;相当多地greatly [ˈɡreɪtli] adj.非常;很;大大地40.广泛地: widely - generally - extensively - universally - roundlywidely [ˈwaɪdli] adv.普遍地;广泛地;范围广地;很大程度上;大大地generally [ˈdʒenrəli] adv.通常地;通常;普遍地;广泛地;概括地;大概extensively [ɪksˈtɛnsɪvli] adv.广大地;广泛地universally [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəli] adv.全体地;一致地;共同地;到处;随时随地roundly [ˈraʊndli] adv.有力地;广泛地41.信心: faith - confidence - assertiveness - vocation - belieffaith [feɪθ] n.信仰;信心;信任;相信;宗教信仰confidence [ˈkɒnfɪdəns] n.信心;信任;信赖;自信心;把握;肯定assertiveness [əˈsɜːtɪvnəs] n.自信;魄力vocation [vəʊˈkeɪʃn] n.职业;工作;生活方式;信心;使命感;圣召;神召belief [bɪˈliːf] n.相信;信心;看法;信念;信仰;宗教信仰42.斥责: reprimand - rebuke - criticize - denounce - censure - revilereprimand [ˈreprɪmɑːnd] v.申斥;训斥;斥责rebuke [rɪˈbjuːk] vi.指责;批评criticize [ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz] v.批评;批判;挑剔;指责;评论;评价denounce [dɪˈnaʊns] vt.谴责;指责;斥责;告发censure [ˈsenʃə] vt.责难;(公开地)严厉斥责,谴责revile [rɪˈvaɪl] vt.辱骂;斥责43.病毒: virus - inframicrobevirus [ˈvaɪrəs] n.滤过性病毒;病毒性疾病;病毒inframicrobe [ˈɪnfrəmikrəʊb] n.病毒;滤过性病毒44.药方: prescript - prescription - recipeprescript [prɪˈskrɪpt] n.规定;处方prescription [prɪˈskrɪpʃn] n.规定;处方,药方;验光单;开处方recipe [ˈresəpi] n.配方;食谱;秘诀;方法;烹饪法;诀窍45.治疗: cure - treatment - remedy - therapy - healingcure [kjʊə] n.治疗;疗法;药;药物;疗程;措施;对策treatment [ˈtriːtmənt] n.治疗;疗法;诊治;对待;待遇;处理;讨论;论述 remedy [ˈremədi] n.救济;治疗;处理方法;补偿;疗法;药品therapy [ˈθerəpi] n.治疗;疗法healing [ˈhiːlɪŋ] heal的现在分词n.康复;治疗;(情感创伤的)愈合46.获得: gain - acquire - win - obtain - derive - attain - pollgain [ɡeɪn] v.获得;赢得;博得;取得;增加;增添acquire [əˈkwaɪə] vt.(通过努力、能力、行为表现)获得;购得;得到win [wɪn] v.赢;获胜;赢得,夺取,获得obtain [əbˈteɪn] v.获得;赢得;存在;流行;沿袭derive [dɪˈraɪv] v.得到;获得;取得;(使)起源;(使)产生attain [əˈteɪn] vt.得到;(通常经过努力)获得;达到poll [pəʊl] v.获得(票数);对…进行民意调查57.推荐: recommend - recommendation - suggest - nominate - sellrecommend [ˌrekəˈmend] v.推荐;举荐;介绍;劝告;建议recommendation [ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn] n.正式建议;提议;推荐;介绍;推荐信suggest [səˈdʒest] v.建议;提议;推荐;举荐;使想到;使认为;表明;暗示 nominate [ˈnɒmɪneɪt] v.提名;推荐;任命;指定,指派;挑选,;命名sell [sel] v.卖;出售;出让;转让;销售得…;售价是…;促销;推荐58.有趣的: intriguing - interesting - amusing - funny - divertingintriguing [ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ] intrigue的现在分词adj.有趣的;引人入胜的;神秘的interesting [ˈɪntrəstɪŋ] interest的现在分词adj.有趣的;有吸引力的amusing [əˈmjuːzɪŋ] amuse的现在分词adj.有趣的;好笑的;逗人笑的;有乐趣的funny [ˈfʌni] adj.有趣的,滑稽的,好笑的;奇怪的,奇特的,不寻常的,反常 diverting [daɪˈvɜːtɪŋ] adj.娱乐的;消遣性的;有趣的59.推理: infer - imply - reasoning - thought - speculateinfer [ɪnˈfɜː] v.推断;推论;推理;暗示;意指imply [ɪmˈplaɪ] v.意味着;暗示;表明;含有…的意思;暗指reasoning [ˈriːznɪŋ ] reason的现在分词v.推理;推论;推断;思考;理解thought [θɔːt] think的过去分词和过去式v.认为;以为;想;思考;思索;思想;琢磨speculate [ˈspekjuleɪt] v.推测;猜测;推断;投机;做投机买卖60.富裕的: rich - wealthy - affluent - comfortable - ample - mintedrich [rɪtʃ] adj.富有的;富饶的;肥沃的;强烈的wealthy [ˈwelθi] adj.富有的;富裕的;富人;有钱人;富饶的affluent [ˈæfluənt] adj.富裕的comfortable [ˈkʌmftəbl] adj.使人舒服的;舒适的;愉快放松的;舒服的; 自信而无忧虑的;自在的;富裕的;相当大的 ample [ˈæmpl] adj.充足的;足够的;丰裕的;硕大的minted [ˈmɪntɪd] mint的过去分词和过去式adj.铸造的;新生产(或发明等)的;薄荷味的;富有的;富裕61.完全地: totally - completely - absolutely - entirely - utterlytotally [ˈtəʊtəli] adv.完全地;完全;全部地;整个地completely [kəmˈpliːtli] adv.彻底地;完全地;完整地absolutely [ˈæbsəluːtli] adv.(强调真实)绝对地,完全地;极其;当然entirely [ɪnˈtaɪəli] adv.完全;全部地;完整地utterly [ˈʌtəli] adv.完全地;全然;彻底地62.立即: immediately - directly - instantly - promptly - soonimmediately [ɪˈmiːdiətli] adv.立即;马上;即刻;接近;紧接;附近;紧接地 directly [dəˈrektli] adv.直接地;径直地;坦率地;正;正好地;恰好;立即instantly [ˈɪnstəntli] adv.立刻;立即;马上promptly [ˈprɒmptli] adv.迅速;立即;马上;及时地;准时地soon [suːn] adv.很快,马上,不久;早,快;宁可,宁愿63.尤其: especially - specially - notably - particularlyespecially [ɪˈspeʃəli] adv.尤其地;尤其;特别;格外;专门;特地;十分;非常 specially [ˈspeʃəli] adv.专门地;特意;格外;特别;尤其notably [ˈnəʊtəbli] adv.尤其是;特别;尤其;极大程度上;非常particularly [pəˈtɪkjələli] adj.尤其;特别64.提前: before - prior to - previously - in advancebefore [bɪˈfɔː] prep.之前;在…以前;在…面前(或前面);在前面;当面conj.在…以前;到…为止;到…之前;以免;不然adv.以前;过去;已经prior [ˈpraɪə] adj.先前的,较早的,在前的;优先的,占先的;较重要的previously [ˈpriːviəsli] adv.先前;(一段时间)以前in advance [ɪn ədˈvɑːns] 提前;事先,预先65.几乎不: hardly - barely - scarcelyhardly [ˈhɑːdli] adv.几乎不;几乎没有;刚刚;才barely [ˈbeəli] adv.仅仅;几乎没有;几乎不;刚刚;勉强可能;刚好;刚才scarcely [ˈskeəsli] adv.勉强;刚;几乎不;简直不;刚一…就;根本不可能66.草稿: draft - manuscript - rough draftdraft [drɑːft] n.草稿;草案;草图;汇票manuscript [ˈmænjuskrɪpt] n.手稿;原稿;手写本,手抄本rough draft [rʌf drɑːft] 粗略的草稿67.传记: biography - autobiography - memoirbiography [baɪˈɒɡrəfi] n.传记;传记作品autobiography [ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi] n.自传;自传体写作memoir [ˈmemwɑː] n.(尤指名人的)回忆录;自传;传说;地方志;大事记68.营养: nutrition - sustenance - nourishment - pabulumnutrition [njuˈtrɪʃn] n.营养;滋养;营养的补给sustenance [ˈsʌstənəns] n.维持;食物;营养;养料;保持nourishment [ˈnʌrɪʃmənt] n.营养;营养品pabulum n.食物,营养;精神食粮69.繁荣的: prosperous - flourishing - boom - thriving - buoyantprosperous [ˈprɒspərəs] adj.繁荣的;成功的;兴旺的flourishing [ˈflʌrɪʃɪŋ] adj.繁荣的;蒸蒸日上的;繁茂的boom [buːm] adj.繁荣的,发展中的thriving [ˈθraɪvɪŋ] thrive的现在分词adj.欣欣向荣,繁华的,兴旺的buoyant [ˈbɔɪənt] adj.看涨的;保持高价的;繁荣的;乐观的;漂浮的70.最初的: initial - primaryinitial [ɪˈnɪʃl] adj.最初的;开始的;第一的primary [ˈpraɪməri] adj.初级的;主要的;最重要的;基本的;最初的;最早的71.合并: amalgamate - merge - combine - conflate - incorporateamalgamate [əˈmælɡəmeɪt] v.(使)合并;联合;使混合merge [mɜːdʒ] v.合并;融入;(使)结合;并入;相融;渐渐消失在某物中combine [kəmˈbaɪn ] v.(使)结合;联合;混合;兼有;兼备;使融合(或并存) conflate [kənˈfleɪt] vt.合并;合成;混合incorporate [ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt] vt.合并;包含;将…包括在内;吸收;使并入;注72.精确: precision - accuracy - exactitude - nicety - exactnessprecision [prɪˈsɪʒn] n.精确;准确;细致accuracy [ˈækjərəsi] n.精确(程度);准确(性)exactitude [ɪɡˈzæktɪtjuːd] n.精确;准确性;精确性;严密性nicety [ˈnaɪsəti] n.精确;准确;细节;细微的差别;严密;仔细exactness [ɪɡˈzæktnəs] n.精确;正确73.毕业论文: thesis - dissertation - graduation dissertationthesis [ˈθiːsɪs] n.论文;毕业论文;学位论文;命题;论题dissertation [ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn] n.论文;学位论文;专题论文graduation dissertation [ɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn] 毕业论文;毕业设计74.导师: supervisor - tutor - advisor - mentor - instructorsupervisor [ˈsuːpəvaɪzə] n.监督人;指导者;主管人tutor [ˈtjuːtə] n.家庭教师;私人教师;导师;指导教师advisor [ədˈvaɪzə] n.顾问;提供意见者mentor [ˈmentɔː] n.导师;顾问instructor [ɪnˈstrʌktə] n.教练;导师;(大学)讲师75.课程: curriculum - course - lesson - programme - subjectcurriculum [kəˈrɪkjələm] n.课程;(学校等的)全部课程course [kɔːs] n.课程;讲座;过程,进程,经过;航线;方针lesson [ˈlesn] n.课程;课;教训;经验;一节课;一课时;教学单元programme [ˈprəʊɡræm] n.程序;计划;方案;节目;活动安排;节目单;课程 subject [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt] n.主题;题目;话题;题材;问题;学科;科目;课程76.趋势: trend - tendency - drift - current - tide - inclinationtrend [trend] n.趋势;趋向;倾向;动态;动向tendency [ˈtendənsi] n.趋势;倾向;趋向;偏好;性情;(政党内的)极端派别drift [drɪft] n.流动;趋势;逐渐变化current [ˈkʌrənt] n.电流;(海洋或江河的)水流;气流;思潮;潮流;趋向tide [taɪd] n.潮;潮汐;潮水;潮流;趋势;动向inclination [ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃn] n.倾向;意愿;趋向;趋势;倾斜度;向下的轻微动77.矛盾/冲突: conflict - paradox - contradiction - controversyconflict [ˈkɒnflɪkt] n.争执;争论;(军事)冲突;战斗;抵触;矛盾;不一致 paradox [ˈpærədɒks] n.矛盾的人(或事物、情况);似非而是的隽语;悖论 contradiction [ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkʃn] n.矛盾;不一致;对立;反驳;驳斥controversy [ˈkɒntrəvɜːsi] n.争议;(公开的)争论,辩论,论战78.差别/差异: difference - distinction - divergence - disparity - clashdifference [ˈdɪfrəns] n.差别;差异;不同(之处);差;差额;意见分歧;不和 distinction [dɪˈstɪŋkʃn] n.差别;区别;对比;优秀;杰出;卓越;特质;特点;divergence [daɪˈvɜːdʒəns] n.发散;(意见、态度等的)分歧,差异disparity [dɪˈspærəti] n.差距;(因不公正对待引起的)不同,不等,差异, clash [klæʃ] n.冲突;(两群人之间的)打斗;打架;争论;辩论;争执;差别79.费用: fee - payment - cost - spending - expense - rate - termsfee [fiː] n.费用;专业服务费;咨询费;报酬payment [ˈpeɪmənt] n.付款;支付;收款;款额,款项;报答;报偿cost [kɒst] n.费用;花费;价钱;成本;努力,代价,损失;诉讼费用spending [ˈspendɪŋ] n.(政府或其他机构的)开支,支出,花销expense [ɪkˈspens] n.费用;价钱;花钱的东西;开销;开支;花费rate [reɪt] n.速度;进度;比率;率;价格;费用;房地产税terms [tɜːmz] term的第三人称单数和复数n.条件,条款;(交易的)条件;价钱;费用;表达方式;措辞;说法80.契约/协议: agreement - contract - pact - treaty - accord - dealagreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n.协定;协议;契约;(意见或看法)一致;应允;同意 contract [ˈkɒntrækt] n.合同;合约;契约;(雇用杀人的)协议pact [pækt] n.契约;协议;条约;公约treaty [ˈtriːti] n.条约;(国家之间的)协定accord [əˈkɔːd] n.协议;条约deal [diːl] n.(尤指商业或政治方面的)协议;大量;很多;交易;待遇81.恶化: deteriorate - exacerbate - worsen - festerdeteriorate [dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt] vi.变坏;恶化;退化exacerbate [ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt] vt.加剧;使恶化;使加重worsen [ˈwɜːsn] v.(使)变得更坏,变得更糟,恶化fester [ˈfestə] vi.溃烂;化脓;更加苦恼;愈益恶化82.进步: advance - progress - stride - ascent - progressiveadvance [ədˈvɑːns] n.前进,行进;进步;进展progress [ˈprəʊɡres] n.进步;进展;进程;前进;行进progressive [straɪd] n.大步;一步(的距离);步态;步伐;进展;进步;发展 ascent [əˈsent] n.上升;升高;登高;上坡;上坡路;前进;提高;进步progressive [prəˈɡresɪv] n.进步人士;开明人士;改革派83.恢复: resume - recovery - renew - restore - reinstate - recuperateresume [rɪˈzjuːm ] v.重新开始;(中断后)继续;恢复席位/地位/职位recovery [rɪˈkʌvəri] n.恢复;痊愈;改善;回升;复苏;取回;收回renew [rɪˈnjuː] vt.更新;重申;重新开始;中止后继续;重复强调restore [rɪˈstɔː] vt.恢复;修复;使复原;使复位;使复职;整修;重新采用;归 reinstate [ˌriːɪnˈsteɪt] vt.使恢复原职;使重返岗位;使恢复原状recuperate [rɪˈkuːpəreɪt] v.康复;恢复;恢复健康;收回;挽回(损失)84.成就: accomplishment - achievement - attainment - success - achieveaccomplishment [əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt] n.成就;成绩;才艺;技艺;专长;完成achievement [əˈtʃiːvmənt] n.成就;成绩;功绩;达到;完成attainment [əˈteɪnmənt] n.成就;获得;达到;造诣success [səkˈses] n.成功;胜利;发财;成名;成功的人(或事物)achieve [əˈtʃiːv] v.实现;完成;(凭长期努力)达到;成功85.失业: unemployment - layoffs - be out of workunemployment [ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt] n.失业;失业人数;无业;没有工作layoffs [ˈleɪˈɒfs] layoff的复数n.解雇,裁员,下岗;休养;疗养;养伤be out of work 失业;工作的人已经失业86.人才: talent - a person of ability - beautifulability [əˈbɪləti] n.能力;才能;本领;才智talent [ˈtælənt] n.才能;人才;天赋;天才;天资a person of ability 人才87.职位: position - post - status - capacity - appointment - jobposition [pəˈzɪʃn] n.位置;地方;处境;观点;地位;职位;名次post [pəʊst] n.邮递,邮寄;邮班;职位status [ˈsteɪtəs] n.地位;状态;身份;职位;高级职位;社会上层地位capacity [kəˈpæsəti] n.容量;容积;容纳能力;职位;职责;容积,功率appointment [əˈpɔɪntmənt] n.约会;任命;预约;委任;约定;职务;职位job [dʒɒb] n.工作;职业;职位;任务;事情;责任;职责88.创新: innovation - creativity - blaze new trailsinnovation [ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn] n.创造;创新;改革;新思想;新方法creativity [ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti] n.创造力;创造性blaze new trails [bleɪz njuː treɪlz] 创新89.顾问: consultant - adviser - counsellor - mentor - handlerconsultant [kənˈsʌltənt] n.顾问;高级顾问医师;会诊医师adviser [ədˈvaɪzə] n.顾问;提供意见者counsellor [ˈkaʊnsələ] n.参赞;律师;顾问;辅导顾问;夏令营负责人mentor [ˈmentɔː] n.导师;顾问handler [ˈhændlə] n.驯兽员;驯犬员;搬运工;操作者;组织者;顾问90.下降: decline - drop - fall - descend - go down - fell offdecline [dɪˈklaɪn] v.减少;下降;衰弱;衰退;谢绝;婉言拒绝drop [drɒp] v.落下,掉下,使落下;(故意)降下fall [fɔːl] v.落下;跌倒;下垂;堕落;失势descend [dɪˈsend] v.下来;下去;下降;下斜;下倾;降临;来临go down （价格、水平或数量)下降,下跌;趴下;被打败;(太阳)落下fell off 下降;(从马上)掉下来;扫兴颓丧;离开91.吸引力: attraction - appeal - fascination - charm - lure - pullattraction [əˈtrækʃn] n.吸引力;吸引;向往的地方;有吸引力的事appeal [əˈpiːl] n.上诉;申诉;吸引力;感染力;魅力;呼吁,吁请,恳求;启发 fascination [ˌfæsɪˈneɪʃn] n.魅力;极大的吸引力;入迷;着迷charm [tʃɑːm] n.魅力;魔力;吸引力;迷人的特征;吸引人的特性;妩媚lure [lʊə] n.吸引力;诱惑力;魅力;鱼饵;诱饵pull [pʊl] n.拉;拽;扯;力;引力;磁力;吸引力;诱惑;影响92.选择: choice - option - alternative - preference - selectionchoice [tʃɔɪs] n.选择;挑选;抉择;选择权;选择的可能性;入选者option [ˈɒpʃn] n.选项;选择;选择权;可选择的事物;选择的自由;选修课alternative [ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv] n.可供选择的事物preference [ˈprefrəns] n.偏爱;爱好;喜爱;偏爱的事物;最喜爱的东西selection [sɪˈlekʃn] n.选择;挑选;选拔;被挑选的人(或物);入选者93.情绪: feeling - mood - emotion - sentiments - vigor - spiritfeeling [ˈfiːlɪŋ] feel的现在分词n.感觉;感触;想法;看法;信念;态度;意见;情感;激动mood [muːd] n.情绪;心情;气氛;坏心境;坏脾气;氛围emotion [ɪˈməʊʃn] n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;情绪sentiments [ˈsɛntɪmənts] sentiment的复数n.(基于情感的)观点,看法;情绪;伤感,柔情,哀 spirit [ˈspɪrɪt] n.精神;心灵;情绪;心境;(某种类型的)人;勇气;忠心;心态;本质;真实意义;灵魂;仙子;烈酒;工业酒精94.承诺: promise - commitment - pledge - engagementpromise [ˈprɒmɪs] n.诺言;许诺;承诺;获得成功的迹象;吉兆;迹象commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺;许诺;允诺承担;保证;献身,奉献,投入 pledge [pledʒ] n.誓言;保证;抵押;诺言;誓约;质钱;抵押品engagement [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt] n.订婚;订婚期间;约定,约会,预约;战斗;交战95.性格: character - nature - personality - temperament - dispositioncharacter [ˈkærəktə] n.性格;品质;特点;特征;勇气;毅力;与众不同之处 nature [ˈneɪtʃə] n.自然界;大自然;自然;自然方式;天性;本性;性格;种类 personality [ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti] n.性格;个性;人格;魅力;气质;气度;名人temperament [ˈtemprəmənt] n.性情;气质;性格;禀性;易冲动;暴躁disposition [ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃn] n.性情;性格;倾向;布置;意向;排列;安排96.学期: semester - term - school term - term-timesemester [sɪˈmestə] n.学期term [tɜːm] n.学期;术语;期限;任期;期school term [skuːl tɜːm] 学期term-time [ˈtɜːm taɪm] n.学期(与假期相对而言)97.策略: strategy - tactics - policy - manoeuvre - ploy - finessestrategy [ˈstrætədʒi] n.策略;计策;行动计划;策划;规划;部署tactics [ˈtæktɪks] tactic的复数n.战术;策略;手段;招数;兵法policy [ˈpɒləsi] n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单manoeuvre [məˈnuːvə] n.策略;花招;伎俩;细致巧妙的移动;机动动作;手段 ploy [plɔɪ] n.计谋;策略;手法;花招finesse [fɪˈnes] n.手腕;策略;手段98.阻止: prevent - stop - arrest - hinder - impede - halt - inhibitprevent [prɪˈvent] vt.防止;阻止;阻碍;阻挠stop [stɒp] v.停止;(使)停下;(使)结束;阻止arrest [əˈrest] v.逮捕;拘留;阻止;中止;吸引(注意);心跳停止hinder [ˈhɪndə] vt.阻碍;妨碍;阻挡impede [ɪmˈpiːd] vt.妨碍;阻碍;阻止halt [hɔːlt] v.停止行进,停止,终止;使停止前进,使停止,使终止;蹒跚inhibit [ɪnˈhɪbɪt] vt.阻止;阻碍;抑制;使拘束;使尴尬99.抗议: protest - object - remonstrate - expostulateprotest [ˈprəʊtest ] v.(公开)反对;抗议;坚决地表示;申辩object [ˈɒbdʒɪkt ] v.反对;不同意;不赞成;提出…作为反对的理由;抗辩说 remonstrate [ˈremənstreɪt] v.抗议;抱怨;埋怨expostulate [ɪkˈspɒstʃuleɪt] v.争辩;抗议;争论;争执100.严重的: severe - serious - grave - critical - major - acutesevere [sɪˈvɪə] adj.严峻的;严厉的;十分严重的serious [ˈsɪəriəs] adj.不好的;严重的;有危险的grave [ɡreɪv ] adj.严重的;重大的;严峻的;深切的;严肃的;庄严的critical [ˈkrɪtɪkl] adj.批评的;关键的;批判性的;挑剔的;极重要的;至关 紧要的;严重的;不稳定的;可能有危险的major [ˈmeɪdʒə] adj.主要的;大的;重要的;严重;大调的;主修的(课程）acute [əˈkjuːt] adj.严重的;(疾病)急性的;灵敏的;敏锐的;锐角的。
英语六级写作常用词的高级词汇替换
英语六级写作常用词的高级词汇替换一：许多一提到“许多”,无数童鞋的脑海中第一时间浮现了一个词："many",于是,阅卷老师心中可能如千万只神兽奔腾而过,初中词汇拿来糊弄我所以,为了避免阅卷老师的愤怒,我们可以用以下的词汇替换;替换词：numerous栗子：Scientific development meant the growth of numerous professions ancillary to medicine.科技发展意味着许多医学衍生职业的增长;替换词：a host of栗子：The new e-books will include a host of Rough Guide titles.新电子书将包括大量的简明指南;替换词：a multitude of栗子：There are a multitude of small quiet roads to cycle along.有很多可以骑车的宁静小路;二：不同的提到“不同的”,别跟小编说你没想到"different"一词;;;这个词无形中把你的词汇量拉低,可能让阅卷老师暗中发出“英语精品课智障”的感叹;所以为了减少阅卷老师对你智商的无限怀疑,请看下列几个替换词;替换词：various栗子：They've been living and working peacefully with members of various ethnic groups.他们和不同民族的人们一起和睦地生活和工作;替换词：a variety of栗子：West Hampstead has a variety of good shops and supermarkets.西汉普斯特德有各种各样不错的店铺和超级市场;替换词：diverse栗子：people from diverse cultures不同文化背景的人三：普遍的说到“普遍的”,"common"一词脱口而出,貌似还真的一时间找不到其他的词汇呢,于是小编为大家科普以下的几个替换词汇啦替换词：commonplace栗子：Simpson's much vaunted discoveries are in fact commonplace in modern sociology.辛普森的那些被大肆称赞的发现在现代社会学中实际上都不足为奇;替换词：universal栗子：He was probably right to intuit that it was universal.他凭直觉认为它具有普遍性,也许他是正确的;替换词：pervasive栗子：It is knowledge directed to the fundamental and pervasive concerns of existence.它要回答的是人类生存的根本、普遍的问题;说过了普遍性,我们来看看唯一性;四：唯一的说到“唯一”,非"only"莫属,然而其实还有其他一些替换词呢替换词 solely栗子：Remember, happiness doesn't depend upon who you are or what you have; it depends solely upon what you Carnegie请记住,幸福不在于你是谁或者你拥有什么,而仅仅取决于你的心态替换词 unique栗子：Kauffman was a woman of unique talent and determination.考夫曼是一个有着超群才智和决断力的女子;替换词 merely栗子：This merely strengthens our resolve to win the league.这只会更加坚定我们赢得联赛的决心;五：贫穷的嗯,贫穷就是poor,我们已经形成了使用习惯,然而,还有其他形容“贫穷的”词汇;替换词 needy栗子：Although he was poor, he was quite generous to his needy friends.他虽穷, 但对贫苦的朋友很慷慨;替换词 impoverished栗子：The rural people have been impoverished by a collapsing economy.经济崩溃使农村地区的人们一贫如洗;替换词 in poverty栗子：The poor man in poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway.那个贫困的可怜人睡在门口的地板上;看完了贫穷,我们来看看富贵;用烂词汇之五：富裕的说到富裕,许多人人文,基本就等同于"rich",但是富贵有很多种呢,不信你看替换词 wealthy栗子：It had once been the home of a wealthy nobleman.这里曾是一个有钱贵族的宅邸;替换词 well-heeled栗子：He'll probably wind up being very well - heeled.他也许最终会发财.替换词 well-to-do栗子：This is the part of town where the well-to-do live.这地区住的全是镇上的有钱人家;六：大的富贵之后,中枪的是“大big”;有些童鞋要问了,难道“大”不是"big"还是什么呢当然,你还可以使用以下这些较高级词汇哦替换词 vast栗子：This vast archive has been indexed and made accessible to researchers.这个存量巨大的档案室的所有文件都已编了索引,可供研究人员使用;替换词 massive栗子：We needed to reskill our workforce to cope with massive technological change.我们得让工人学习新技能,以应对巨大的技术变革;替换词 enormous栗子：She was a shy, delicately pretty girl with enormous blue eyes.她是一个害羞、娇美的女孩,长着一双大大的蓝眼睛;七：新的说到“新的”,一般都会想到"new",似乎替换词蛮少的,其实还是有其他一些可替换词的,比如：替换词 brand new例句Net Electronic Map has become a brand-new way for showing the geographic information;翻译网上电子地图已成为一种全新的地理信息展示方式;替换词 fresh栗子：Fresh fruits and vegetables are important and so is bran.新鲜的水果和蔬菜很重要,麦麸也是;替换词 novel栗子：The scriptwriter helped him to adapt his novel for the screen.编剧帮助他将其所着小说改编成电影;。
30个最经典的替换词
1.适当⽤被动替换主动，这样能更客观的反映事实, 句⼦开头不要总是⽤we / I (⽐如写结尾时不⽤we should pay attention to⽽⽤Attention should be paid to. ) 举个经典结尾2004年六⽉六级作⽂的最后⼀段：It is ,therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. By doing so，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively. 2.善于使⽤插⼊语，⽐如说把副词、连接词等，作插⼊语放在中间，⼀般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。
如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插⼊语放在中间，⼀般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。
⽐如说： Other individuals, however, take the attitude that … 3. ⼀定要学会换词，换形象，具体的替换太宽泛的。
(考试中⼀般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion 等等)⽐如上⾯例⼦中，applicable替换proper, approaches替换ways, implement替换carry out, sharpen one’s competitive edge替换enhance one’s competitiveness(提⾼某物竞争⼒) 下⾯举⼀篇南京⼯程学院某位同学写的优秀作⽂(14分)的例⼦，看看他是如何运⽤各类写作技巧的。
这位同学把⽼师上课讲的各类写作⼿法和精彩替换和句型都⽤上了，作⽂有了很⼤的提⾼。
Computer and I By Simmy I never forget the exceedingly thrilling day when my mother bought me a computer as birthday present, which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that i indulged myself in googling an army of useful information i had expected ,and enjoy a sea of melodious classic music. That night I was sleepless, feeling that the whole world belonged to me. exceedingly 替换 very thrilling 替换 exciting sth. exert a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb. be interested in sth. google 替换 search an army of 替换 a lot of The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers. Coincident with the advancement of science and technology, computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing individuals. It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them, in large measure! The dawn of the new century witnessed 是⼀个精彩句型，⽤来描述在某个时期发⽣了什么事情； Increasing popularity 替换 more and more popular Coincident with … ⾮常地道的句型，表达“与…⼀致”的意思，替换 With … Advancement 替换 development Pour into ( flood into / swarm into )替换 enter into Current ( currently )替换 now Appeal to sb. 替换 sb. be interested in sth. Growing individuals 替换 more and more people It is no exaggeration to say 经典句型，说某事是毫不夸张的 For a start, we can, freely, search desired information at any moment . Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. Additionally, we can get huge recreations online by chatting, playing games, or delivering email. For a start 替换 To begin with We can, freely, search ⽤了插⼊语的写作⼿法 our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. ⽤了⾮常精彩的被动 Additionally 替换 In addition / Besides Deliver 替换 send There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, in a way, especially the growing violence ,***, porn pictures, AV-films emerging on the screen , which leads quiet a few net citizens to copying. There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, 这个句⼦有三个精彩之处，⾸先There is no denying that这个句型，还有however作为插⼊语， function in the disservice of 替换 do harm to Emerging 替换 appearing ( fading 替换 disappearing ) Net citizen 民，属于精彩⽤词 As a classic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds. Computers do play a positive role in the development of people' lives, despite a slice of unfavorable impacts. We should ,therefore, take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet. No garden has no weeds 替换 Every coin has two sides Computers do play ，do 强调 Positive 替换 important / good 等 A slice of 替换 a part of Unfavorable 替换 bad Impacts 替换 effects / influences We should, therefore, take advantage of … 使⽤插⼊语 Fruits (⽽且fruits ⽤的⾮常形象， merits/ virtues) 替换 advantage ( defects 替换 disadvantage ) Facet 替换 aspect 各位同学，上⾯的作⽂⾥有这么多精彩的闪光点，作⽂怎么会不得⾼分呢！ 以下是30个最经典的替换词，各位同学可以参考⼀下。
英语四六级写作专用---高级替换词汇
★形容词：1.贫穷的： poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2.富裕的： rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3.优秀的： excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4.积极的，好的： good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5.消极的，不良的： bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable6.明显的： obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7.健康的 : healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8.惊人的： surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9.美丽的： beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10.有活力的： energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11.流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive1.Everywhere 普遍的 Widespread 、 Prevalent、 Overflow 、 Rampant2.Good 好的 Beneficial、 Advantageous3.Harmful有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful4.Rich 富有的 Wealthy 、Affluent5.Poor 贫穷的 Impoverished7.Serious 严重的 Severe8.Obvious 明显的 Manifest 、 Apparent 、 Evident 9.cheap 便宜的 Economical、 Inexpensive★动词：1.提高，加强： improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2.引起： cause = trigger = endanger3.解决： solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4.拆除： destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5.培养 : develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6.激发，鼓励： encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7.认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue8.完成： complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9.保留： keep = preserve = retain = hold10.有害于： destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11.减轻 : ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten1.Improve提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance2.change 改变： Transform3.Emphasize 强调： Highlight 、Stress、 Address(这是个 9 星级用法 )4.Develop 培养： Agriculture 、 Cultivate 、 Nurture5.Break 破坏： Impair 、Undermine 这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate6.Keep 保存 Preserve、 Conserve 保护资源7.deal With 解决 Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve 8.need 需要 Require、necessitate 、call for★名词：1.影响： influence= impact2.危险： danger = perils =hazard3.污染： pollution = contamination4.人类： human beings= mankind = human race5.老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6.幸福： happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7.老师： teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8.教育： education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9.青少年： young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10.优点： advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11.责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12.能力： ability = capacity = power = skill13.职业： job = career = employment = profession14.娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15.孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid1.Forefather 祖先 Ancestor 、 Predecessor2.Difference 不同 Gap（简单但是牛）、 Distinction3.Crime 犯罪 Delinquency 、 Criminal Act4.Environment环境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience5.Pollution污染Contamination6.Human 人类 The human race Humanity Humankind7.Danger 危险 Peril、 Hazard8.In modern society在当今社会In contemporary society In present-day society In this day and age★短语：1. 充满了： be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力： struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3.从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4.在当代 : in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age5.大量的 : a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of★ 插入语1.indeed 的确，2.surely 无疑，3.however 然而，4.obviously显然，5.frankly坦率地说，6.naturally自然，7.luckily (或 happily)for sb.算某人幸运，8.fortunately/luckily 幸好，9.honestly 真的， 10.briefly简单地说 , 11.strange to say 说也奇怪， 12.needless to say 不用说， 13.most important of all 最为重要是，13.worse still 更糟糕的是， 14.in a few words(或 in sum ， in short) 简而言之， 15.in other words 换句话说，16.in a sense 在某种意义上，17.in general 一般说来， 18.in my view 在我看来，19.in conclusion 总之， 20.in summary概括地说， 21.in fact 事实上，22.in the first place首先，23.in addition 此外，24.of course 当然， 25.to my knowledge 据我所知， 26.for instance( 或example)例如， 27.as a matter of fact 事实上 ,28.strictly speaking 严格地说， 29.generally speaking 一般地说，30.judging from ⋯根据⋯⋯判断 ,31.to be sure 无疑，32.to sum up 概括地说，33.to tell the truth老实说 , 34.I am sure 我可以肯定地说，35.I believe 我相信，36.I wonder 我不知道，37.that is 也就是说， 38.it seems 看来是， 39.asI see it 照我看来，40.what is important (serious) 重要 (严重 )的是1 解决 : Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2 损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3 给与： Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4培养：： Develop, cultivate, foster5优势： Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6缺陷： Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7使迷惑： Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative9 认为： Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, befirmly convinced, be fully convinced10保护： Protect, conserve, preserve11确保： Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13要求： Request, demand, needs, requisition14消除： Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15导致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate 16因此： So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17增长至： Grow to ，rise to ，increase to ，go up to ，climb to ，ascend to ，jump to ， shoot to 18降低至： Dip to ， fall to ，decline to ， decrease to， drop to ， go down to ，reduce to ，slump to， descend to ， sink to ， slide to19保持稳定： Level out，do not change ，remain stable ，remain still ，remain steady ，be stable ，maintain the same level ，remain unchanged ， be still ，remain the same level ，stay constant ，keep at the same level ， level off ， stabilize， keep its stability ， even out20 急剧地：Dramatically ，drastically ，sharply ，hugely ，enormously ，steeply，substantially ，considerably ，significantly ，markedly ，surprisingly ，strikingly ，radically ，remarkably ，vastly，noticeably21平稳地： Steadily，smoothly ，slightly ，slowly ，marginally ，gradually ，moderately ， mildly 22宣称： Allege, assert, declare, claim23发生： Happen, occur, take place24原因： Reason, factor, cause25发展： Development, advance, progress26 有益的： Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27影响： Influence, impact, effect28明显的： Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29占： Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose 30与⋯相比：Compared with ，compared to ，in comparison with ，in comparison to ，bycomparison with ， by comparison to31对比而言： By contrast ， in contrast ， on the other hand ， on the contrary= ， conversely 32展示： Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33大约： Approximately ，almost ，about ， around ， nearly ，roughly34波动： Fluctuate ， go ups and downs ，display a fluctuation ， demonstrate a fluctuation35事实上： Practically ，in practice ，essentially ，in essence，in reality ，in effect ，in fact ，asa matter of fact ， it is a fact that36 换言之： Namely ，that is to say ，in other words ，to put it like this ，to put it differently，to putit from another way ，to put it from another angle.1.individuals,characters, folks 替换 people ,persons2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的 )，promising (有希望的 )， perfect, pleasurable ,excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的 )替换 bad 如果 bad 做表语，可以有be less impressive 替换Eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance withgirls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用 many, if not most一定要小心，many 后一定要有词。
英语作文中常用替换高级词汇
英语作文中常用替换高级词汇（一）★形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive★动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind =human race5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid★短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of（二）1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad,如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in theirdorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
英语作文高级替换词及词组
英语作文高级替换词及词组1.individuals,characters, folks替换people ,persons2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, plea surable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换Eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic r ecords are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理用most, i f not all ,替换most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因为是书面语，所以要加that)7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing8: shared 代common9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。
4级、6级、雅思英语写作替换高级词汇
4级、6级、雅思英语写作替换高级词汇-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One11. important =crucial(extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault(physically attack someone), assail (attack violently35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)( h56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)865.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure andsatisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing canattract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild anduncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves successquickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen)92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (does n’t happen often100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)11。
(完整版)大学英语四六级作文中常用词汇的高级替换
大学英语六级作文中常用词汇的高级替换（26例）写作部分在四六级考试中非常重要，在作文中运用高级词汇也是能够加分的一点。
下文列出一些作文中常用词汇的高级替换方式，大家可以学习并且运用到自己的作文中。
1.支持(support)advocate【例】We advocate solving international dispute by negotiation, instead of appealing to arms.我们主张通过协商解决国际争端，而不主张诉诸武力。
argue for 【例】Do directors see new risks that argue for a different approach?董事们有没有看到可能支持不同做法的新风险？be in favour of【例】The majority voted in favour of the proposal.多数人投票赞成这项提案。
2.反对(object)argue against【例】Three considerations argue against increasing fee.三种理由反对增加费用。
be opposed to【例】Mr Clarke has shown himself to be resolutely opposed to compromise.克拉克先生已表示自己坚决反对妥协。
frown on【例】He would frown on such a proposal.他不会赞成这样的建议。
/be unhappy / pulla long face3.许多(many)/ the overwhelming majority of studentsnumerous【例】Numerous factories have sprung up in this once desolate area.过去这一带满目苍凉，现在却有了无数的工厂。
四六级写作常用替换词汇总剖析
四六级写作常用替换词汇总1) 大多数人 most people→ the majority of the population2) 经常often→frequently3) 我相信 I believe→ from my standpoint, from my perspective4) 必须must→ it is a must for us to…5) 知道know→ be aware of6) 因为because→in that7) 最后 at last→eventual ly8) 然而but→however9) 如果if→provided that10) 各行各业的人 all kinds of people→people from all walks of life11) 引起，导致 lead to→contribute to12) 人people→individuals13) 好的good→desirable, beneficial14) 怀的bad→undesirable15) 很多many→ numerous16) 越来越 more and more→ a(n)increasing/mounting number of17) 很very→extremely18) 方面side→aspects19) 表明show→demonstrate, indicate20) 利用use→utilize21) 因此/结果so→therefore22) 部分part→proportion23) 提高improve→enhance24) 改变change→transform25) 强调/重视emphasize→ attach great importance to26) 培养develop→cultivate27) 破坏destroy→undermine28) 解决 deal with →tackle /figure out29) 普遍的everywhere→universal30) 明显的obvious→apparent31) 在当今社会 in the modern society→in the current society32) 使make→enab le2015年6月四六级考试你复习到哪一步了?基础复习四级考试逐渐淡化了“纯粹”考查词汇和语法知识的模式，而是将词汇和语法渗透到各个题型中，这其实加大了试题的难度，同时也对考生的词汇和语法掌握程度提出更高的要求。
四六级写作常用词高级替换
四六级干货:写作常用词高级替换(褒义词)无论是写作还是翻译时,只要一提到“重要”脑子里闪现的就是“important”?想表达“许多”第一反应就是“many”?同学,如果我说对了的话,那么你的词汇量还只是停留在初中水平!可是随着四六级写作和翻译这两个模块难度的不断提升,如果你不更新你的词汇量,那么你的作文肯定不会得到一个漂亮的分数。
重要的 (important [?m'p??t(?)nt])vital ['va?t(?)l]【例句】She had found out some information of vital importance。
【翻译】她已经发现了一些至关重要的信息crucial ['kru??(?)l]【例句】It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately。
【翻译】立即着手解决这个问题是至关重要的。
prominent ['pr?m?n?nt]【例句】This considerable increase in investment played a prominent role in fueling economic growth。
【翻译】投资的较大幅度增加,对拉动经济增长发挥了明显作用。
cardinal ['kɑ?d(?)n(?)l]【例句】Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law。
【翻译】尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则。
优秀的 (good [g?d])excellent ['eks(?)l(?)nt]【例句】She has always had a high reputation for her excellent short stories。
【翻译】她一直因其优秀的短篇小说享有很高的声望。
outstanding [a?t'st?nd??]【例句】The girl who won the scholarship was quite outstanding。
大学四六级作文转折过渡词
certainly, indeed ,in fact, of course
让步concession
granted, naturally, of course
举例、说明
example or illustration
after all, as an illusion, even, for example, for instance, in conclusion, indeed, in fact, in other words, in short, it is true that, of course, namely, specifically, that is, to illustrate, thus, truly
比较comparison
also, in the same way, likewise, similarly
对比contrast
although, at the same time, and yet, despite that, even so/though, for all that, however, in contrast, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding（尽管，但是）, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, regardless, still, though, yet
补充addition
again, also, and, and then, besides, equally important, finally, first, further, furthermore, in addition, in the first place, last, moreover, next, second, still, too时ຫໍສະໝຸດ 顺序time sequence
英语四、六级写作高分同义替换词300组(二)【101-200组：音标+释义】
四、六级写作高分同义替换词300组(二)101-200组:音标+详解success, is the heart of the created.成功，是内心的造就。
101.引起: cause - trigger - induce - provoke - attract - excite - arisecause [kɔːz] vt.使发生;造成;引起;导致trigger [ˈtrɪɡə] vt.触发;引起;发动;开动;起动induce [ɪnˈdjuːs] vt.诱导;引起;导致;诱使;劝说;引产;催生provoke [prəˈvəʊk] vt.激起;引起;引发;挑衅;激怒;刺激attract [əˈtrækt] vt.吸引;使喜爱;引起…的好感(或爱慕);招引excite [ɪkˈsaɪt] vt.使激动;使兴奋;刺激;使紧张不安;激发;引发;引起arise [əˈraɪz] vi.发生;出现;(由…)引起;(因…)产生;发展102.有害的: detrimental - harmful - evil - hurtful - injuriousdetrimental [ˌdetrɪˈmentl] adj.有害的,不利的harmful [ˈhɑːmfl] adj.有害的;(尤指对健康或环境)导致损害的evil [ˈiːvl] adj.恶毒的;邪恶的;有害的;道德败坏的;讨厌的;不幸的hurtful [ˈhɜːtfl] adj.伤感情的;伤害自尊的injurious [ɪnˈdʒʊəriəs] adj.造成伤害的;有害的103.有利的: beneficial - conducive - profitable - favourable - towardbeneficial [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl] adj.有益的;有利的;有裨益的;有用的conducive [kənˈdjuːsɪv] adj.有利于;使容易(或有可能)发生的profitable [ˈprɒfɪtəbl] adj.有利可图的;赢利的;有益的;有好处的favourable [ˈfeɪvərəbl] adj.有利的;给人好印象的;肯定的;赞同的;支持的;有助于…的;好而不贵的toward [tə'wɔː] adj.有利的，顺利的;正在进行中的;有希望的;即将发生的104.保留: keep - preserve - retain - persist - reserve - withholdkeep [kiːp] v.保持;使耽搁;保有;保守;遵守preserve [prɪˈzɜːv] vt.保护;维护;保留;维持…的原状;保存retain [rɪˈteɪn] vt.保持;保留;持有;继续拥有persist [pəˈsɪst] v.坚持;持续存在;保持;维持reserve [rɪˈzɜːv] v.保留,留出;留存,储备;推迟作出,暂时不作;预订,预约 withhold [wɪðˈhəʊld] vt.拒绝给;不给;保留;隐瞒;扣留;抑制(情感等）105.完成: complete - fulfill - achieve - accomplish - finishcomplete [kəmˈpliːt] vt.完成;结束;填写(表格);使完整fulfill [fʊl'fɪl] vt.履行,执行,贯彻;完成,实现achieve [əˈtʃiːv] v.实现;完成;达到;成功accomplish [əˈkʌmplɪʃ] vt.完成finish [ˈfɪnɪʃ] v.完成;做好;(使)结束;吃完,喝光,用尽106.意识: sense - consciousness - awareness - perception - sentientsense [sens] n.感觉;知觉;感觉官能);意识,观念;理解力;辨别力,判断力; 鉴赏,认识;见识;智慧;天赋,资质,悟性;道理,合理性;益处 consciousness [ˈkɒnʃəsnəs] n.清醒状态;知觉;觉察;感觉;意识;观念;看法 awareness [əˈweənəs] n.知道;认识;意识;兴趣perception [pəˈsepʃn] n.知觉;感知;洞察力;悟性;看法;见解sentient [ˈsentiənt] n.意识;心;有知觉[感觉(力)]的人[物]107.渴望/希望: hope - desire - eagerness - urge - hunger - wishhope [həʊp] n.希望;期望;希望的东西;期望的事情;被寄予希望的人(或事) desire [dɪˈzaɪə] n.愿望;欲望;渴望;情欲;想望的人;渴望的事物eagerness [ˈiːgənɪs] n.渴望;殷切;热忱;热情urge [ɜːdʒ] n.冲动;强烈的欲望hunger [ˈhʌŋɡə] n.饥饿;饥荒;饥饿感;食欲;胃口;(对某事物的)渴望,渴求 wish [wɪʃ] n.希望;愿望;愿;心愿;想要的东西;希望的事;祝愿,祝福108.进展: progress - advance - headway - march - moveprogress [ˈprəʊɡres] n.进步;进展;进程;前进;行进advance [ədˈvɑːns] n.(部队的)前进,行进;进步;进展;预付款;勾引headway [ˈhedweɪ] n.前进,进展;前进速度;净空,净空高度;march [mɑːtʃ] n.前进;行军;示威游行;抗议游行;稳步发展;进行曲move [muːv] n.移动;行动;活动;改变;转变;动摇;搬家;走棋109.标准: standard - criteria - norm - benchmark - template - measurestandard [ˈstændəd] n.标准;水平;规格;规范;正常的水平;应达到的标准; 行为标准;道德水准;法定度量衡标准criteria [kraɪ'tɪəriə] criterion的复数n.标准;(评判或作决定的)准则;原则norm [nɔːm] n.标准;规范;常态;定额;正常行为;行为标准benchmark [ˈbentʃmɑːk] n.基准template [ˈtempleɪt] n.样板;模板;型板;模框;标准measure [ˈmeʒə] n.措施,方法;步骤;已知量;标准量;尺度,标准;数量;比例110.方式/方法: way - manner - approach - means - channel - method - howway [weɪ] n.方法,手段;途径;方式;作风;风度;样子;行为方式,生活方式， 习俗;方向;路,道路;愿望,意愿manner [ˈmænə] n.方式;方法;举止;态度;礼貌;礼仪;规矩approach [əˈprəʊtʃ] n.方法;方式;接近;接洽;建议;要求;通路;进场;相似means [miːnz] mean的第三人称单数和复数n.方法;方式;途径;财富;钱财channel [ˈtʃænl] n.频道;渠道;电视台;波段;途径;系统;方式,方法,手段; 水渠;水道;海峡;英吉利海峡method [ˈmeθəd] n.方法;办法;措施;条理;有条不紊how [haʊ] n.方式,方法;关于方式（或方法）的问题111.解决: solve - resolve - tackle - settle - clinch - cure - overcomesolve [sɒlv] vt.解决;处理;解答;破解resolve [rɪˈzɒlv] vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难);作出决定;作出决议;表 tackle [ˈtækl] v.解决;应付;处理;与某人交涉settle [ˈsetl] v.解决;定居;结束);(最终)决定,确定,安排好;殖民;把…放 clinch [klɪntʃ] vt.赢得;解决;成功取得;提供解决办法;确定cure [kjʊə] vt.治愈;治好(病人或动物);解决(问题);矫正,改正overcome [ˌəʊvəˈkʌm] vt.克服;解决;战胜;受到…的极大影响112.培养: develop - cultivate - foster - train - educate - culturedevelop [dɪˈveləp] v.发展;开发;研制;(使)成长;壮大cultivate [ˈkʌltɪveɪt] vt.培养;培育;种植;栽培;耕;耕作foster [ˈfɒstə] v.促进;助长;培养;鼓励;代养,抚育train [treɪn] v.培训;接受训练;进行…训练;教育;培养…的能力educate [ˈedʒukeɪt] vt.(在学校)教育;教导;教养;训练culture [ˈkʌltʃə] vt.培养(细胞或细菌)113.鼓励: encourage - motivate - inspire - incite - hearten - arouseencourage [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ] vt.支持;鼓励;激励;鼓动;劝告motivate [ˈməʊtɪveɪt] vt.激励;成为…的动机;是…的原因inspire [ɪnˈspaɪə] vt.激励;鼓舞;赋予灵感;引起联想;启发思考incite [ɪnˈsaɪt] vt.煽动;鼓动hearten [ˈhɑːtn] vt.振奋;鼓励;激励arouse [əˈraʊz] vt.激起,引起(感情、态度);使行动起来;激发;唤醒114.污染: pollute - contaminate - smear - defile - stain - foulpollute [pəˈluːt] vt.污染;弄脏contaminate [kənˈtæmɪneɪt] vt.污染,弄脏;玷污,毒害,腐蚀;使受毒气影 smear [smɪə] v.弄脏;诽谤,诋毁;胡乱涂抹;弄上油污defile [dɪˈfaɪl] vt.弄脏;玷污;糟蹋;亵渎stain [steɪn] v.(被)玷污;留下污渍;给…染色(或着色);玷污,败坏(名声) foul [ɪfaʊl] vt.犯规;击(球)出界;(通常用废物)弄脏;污染115.去除: eliminate - remove - eradicate - dislodge - leach - shedeliminate [ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt] vt.排除;清除;消除;淘汰;消灭,干掉remove [rɪˈmuːv] vt.去除;去掉;移开;拿开eradicate [ɪˈrædɪkeɪt] vt.根除;消灭;杜绝dislodge [dɪsˈlɒdʒ] vt.驱逐;(把某物)强行去除;取出;移动;(把某人)逐出 leach [liːtʃ] v.过滤;滤;滤去shed [ʃed] vt.摆脱,去除;使落下,使掉下;把…置于棚内;掉落(货物)116.责任: responsibility - duty - liability - blame - guilt - faultresponsibility [rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti] n.责任;负责;事故责任;职责;义务duty [ˈdjuːti] n.责任;义务;职责;值班;任务;本分;税liability [ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti] n.责任;负债;债务;义务blame [bleɪm] n.责备;指责;(坏事或错事的)责任guilt [ɡɪlt] n.内疚;悔恨;犯罪;罪行;有罪;罪责;责任;罪过fault [fɔːlt] n.过错;故障;过失;责任;弱点;缺点;缺陷117.探讨: explore - examine - identify - research - discussexplore [ɪkˈsplɔː] v.勘探;勘查;探索;考察;探究examine [ɪɡˈzæmɪn] vt.检查;审查;考察;考查;调查identify [aɪˈdentɪfaɪ] vt.识别;鉴定;确认;发现;认出;找到research [rɪˈsɜːtʃ] vt.研究;探讨;调查discuss [dɪˈskʌs] vt.讨论;谈论;商量;详述;论述118.建立: establish - found - institute - build - create - erectestablish [ɪˈstæblɪʃ] vt.创立;设立;建立;确立found [faʊnd] vt.创办,成立;建造,兴建;根据institute [ˈɪnstɪtjuːt] vt.建立,制定(体系、政策);开始;实行build [bɪld] v.建筑;建造;创建;开发;逐渐增强create [kriˈeɪt] vt.创造;创作;创建;造成,引起,产生;授予;册封erect [ɪˈrekt] vt.建立;建造;竖立;搭起;创立;设立119.重视: attach - highlight - mind - value - treasureattach [əˈtætʃ] v.贴上;重视;把…固定,把…附(在…上)highlight [ˈhaɪlaɪt] vt.突出;强调;将…用彩笔做标记mind [maɪnd] v.介意;对(某事)烦恼,焦虑;愿意做;当心;听从;关心,照看value [ˈvæljuː] vt.重视;珍视;给…估价;给…定价treasure [ˈtreʒə] vt.珍视;珍爱;珍重;珍藏120.发展: develop - expand - grow - burgeon - arise - evolve - stridedevelop [dɪˈveləp] v.发展;开发;研制;(使)成长;壮大;变化;加强;修建 expand [ɪkˈspænd] v.扩大;增加;增强;扩展(业务);细谈;详述;详细阐明 grow [ɡrəʊ] v.扩大,增加,增强;长大,长高,发育,成长;逐渐成为;产生burgeon [ˈbɜːdʒən] vt.激增;迅速发展arise [əˈraɪz] vi.发生;出现;(由…)引起;(因…)产生;发展evolve [iˈvɒlv] v.发展;进化;(使)逐渐形成;逐渐演变stride [straɪd] v.大步走;阔步行走;进展121.休闲: leisure - pastime - fallow - pleasureleisure [ˈleʒə] n.闲暇;休闲;空闲pastime [ˈpɑːstaɪm] n.消遣;休闲活动fallow [ˈfæləʊ] n.休闲pleasure [ˈpleʒə] n.高兴,快乐,愉快,欣慰,满意;玩乐,休闲,娱乐,消遣122.联盟: league - alliance - ally - union - coalition - federationleague [liːɡ] n.(体育队)联合会,联赛;等级,级别,水平;联盟;同盟alliance [əˈlaɪəns] n.(国家、政党等的)结盟，同盟;结盟团体;联盟ally [ˈælaɪ] n.盟友;支持者;协约国;同盟国union [ˈjuːniən] n.协会;联合会;会社;俱乐部;同盟;联盟;联邦coalition [ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn] n.联合政府;联合体;联合;结合;联盟federation [ˌfedəˈreɪʃn] n.联邦;(俱乐部、工会等的)联合会;同盟;联盟123.工具/器具: tool - appliance - equipment - device - instrumenttool [tuːl] n.工具;用具,器具,手段,方法;受人利用的人appliance [əˈplaɪəns] n.器具;(家用)电器equipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt] n.设备;器材;配备;装备device [dɪˈvaɪs] n.装置;仪器;器具;设备;炸弹;手段;策略;方法;技巧;花 instrument [ˈɪnstrəmənt] n.器械;仪器;器具;仪器,仪表;手段124.混乱：disorder - disorganization - chaos - turbulence - confusiondisorder [dɪsˈɔːdə] n.混乱;紊乱;疾病;失调;杂乱;凌乱;骚乱;动乱;不适 disorganization [dɪsˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn] n.缺乏组织;无系统;杂乱无章chaos [ˈkeɪɒs] n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱turbulence [ˈtɜːbjələns] n.湍流;动荡;骚乱;动乱;混乱;涡流;紊流confusion [kənˈfjuːʒn] n.混乱;混淆;困惑;不确定;混同;困窘;尴尬125.评估/估计:evaluation - assessment - estimate - judgment - appraisalevaluation [ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn] n.评价;定值;估计;评审;计值assessment [əˈsesmənt] n.看法;评估;评定;核定;判定;核定的付款额estimate [ˈestɪmət ] v.n.估价;(对数量、成本等的)估计;估计的成本judgment [dʒʌdʒmənt] n.判断;判决;判断力;评价;看法;意见;识别力;裁决 appraisal [əˈpreɪzl] n.评价;估价;估计;鉴定;工作鉴定会;工作表现评估126.坚持: uphold - stick to - insist on - cling to - persistuphold [ʌpˈhəʊld] vt.维护;支持(正义等);维持;确认(原判、裁决等)stick [stɪk] v.粘贴;将…刺入;戳;粘住;卡住;容忍insist [ɪnˈsɪst] v.坚决要求;坚持;坚持说;固执己见cling [klɪŋ] vi.附着于;附着;抓紧,紧握;坚持,墨守persist [pəˈsɪst] v.坚持;持续存在;保持;维持127.忽视：neglect - ignore - overlook - look down uponneglect [nɪˈɡlekt] v.疏于照顾;忽略;忽视;不予重视;疏忽ignore [ɪɡˈnɔː] vt.忽视;对…不予理会;不予理睬overlook [ˌəʊvəˈlʊk] vt.没有注意到,忽视,忽略视而不见;眺望,俯瞰 look down upon [lʊk daʊn əˈpɒn] v.瞧不起;轻视128.抱怨：complaint - grumble - grievance - remonstrance - gripe - moan complaint [kəmˈpleɪnt] n.抱怨;投诉;控告;不满;不满的原因;埋怨grumble [ˈɡrʌmbl] n.嘟囔;抱怨,牢骚,不满的缘由grievance [ˈɡriːvəns] n.冤屈;委屈;抱怨;不平的事;牢骚remonstrance [rɪˈmɒnstrəns] n.抗议;抱怨gripe [ɡraɪp] n.抱怨;怨言;牢骚moan [məʊn] n.呻吟声;抱怨;(尤指风的)呼啸声,萧萧声129.避免：avoid - shun - escape - avert - prevent - eschewavoid [əˈvɔɪd] vt.避免;防止;回避;避开;躲避shun [ʃʌn] vt.（故意)避开，回避，避免escape [ɪˈskeɪp] v.逃跑;逃脱;摆脱;逃避;避免avert [əˈvɜːt] vt.避开;防止,避免(危险、坏事);转移目光;背过脸prevent [prɪˈvent] vt.防止;阻止;阻碍;阻挠eschew [ɪsˈtʃuː] vt.回避;(有意地)避开;避免130.追求：pursue - seek - aspire - court - chase - romancepursue [pəˈsjuː] v.追求;致力于;执行;贯彻seek [siːk] v.寻找;寻求;谋求;争取;试图aspire [əˈspaɪə] vi.渴望(成就);有志(成为)court [kɔːt] v.试图取悦,讨好,争取;试图获得;博得;招致,酿成,导致chase [tʃeɪs] v.追赶;追逐;追捕;努力获得;争取得到;追求;求爱;催促romance [rəʊˈmæns] v.虚构(故事);渲染;和(某人)谈情说爱;追求(某人) 131.使惊奇: surprise - startle - astound - amaze - floorsurprise [səˈpraɪz] v.(使)吃惊,(使)诧异,(使)感到意外startle [ˈstɑːtl] vt.使惊吓;使吓一跳;使大吃一惊astound [əˈstaʊnd] vt.(使)震惊;使大惊amaze [əˈmeɪz] vt.使惊奇;使惊愕floor [flɔː] vt.使惊奇;使困惑;(尤指体育运动中)击倒,打倒;给…安装地132.责备: blame - condemn - reproach - reprove - reprimand - rebukeblame [bleɪm] vt.责备;责怪;指责;把…归咎于condemn [kənˈdem] vt.谴责;指责;宣判;判处;迫使…reproach [rɪˈprəʊtʃ] v.责备;指责;批评;自责;(为…)感到内疚reprove [rɪˈpruːv] v.指责;责备;非难reprimand [ˈreprɪmɑːnd] v.申斥;训斥;斥责rebuke [rɪˈbjuːk] v.指责;批评133.减轻: relieve - alleviate - lighten - ease - mitigate - allayrelieve [rɪˈliːv] vt.解除,减轻,缓和缓解;调剂;使有趣alleviate [əˈliːvieɪt] vt.减轻;缓和;缓解lighten [ˈlaɪtn] v.减轻;缓和;减少;(使)变明亮;变成淡色ease [iːz] v.缓解;减轻;(使)宽慰;(使)小心缓缓地移动;缓和;降低mitigate [ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt] vt.减轻;缓和allay [əˈleɪ] vt.减轻(尤指情绪)134.迫使: force - compel - oblige - enforce - impose - constrainforce [fɔːs] vt.强迫,迫使(某人做某事);用力,强行compel [kəmˈpel] vt.强迫;迫使;使必须;引起(反应)oblige [əˈblaɪdʒ] v.迫使;(以法律、义务等)强迫;帮忙;效劳enforce [ɪnˈfɔːs] vt.执行;强迫;强制执行;强行实施(法律或规定);迫使impose [ɪmˈpəʊz] v.强制实行;推行,采用;迫使;把…强加于;勉强constrain [kənˈstreɪn] vt.强迫;强制;迫使;限制;限定;约束135.毁坏: ruin - devastate - destroy - damage - decay - demolishruin [ˈruːɪn] vt.破坏;毁灭;毁坏;糟蹋;使破产devastate [ˈdevəsteɪt] vt.毁灭;摧毁;彻底破坏;使震惊destroy [dɪˈstrɔɪ] vt.摧毁;毁灭;破坏;人道毁灭damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ] vt.损害;伤害;毁坏;破坏decay [dɪˈkeɪ] v.衰退;(使)腐烂;破败;衰败;(力量、影响等)衰弱;衰减demolish [dɪˈmɒlɪʃ] vt.拆除;拆毁(建筑物);(意外)毁坏;破坏;推翻;驳倒136.动机: motivation - motive - intention - causemotivation [ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn] n.动机;动力;诱因motive [ˈməʊtɪv] n.动机;原因;目的intention [ɪnˈtenʃn] n.打算;计划;意图;目的cause [kɔːz] n.原因;起因;理由;动机;缘故137.动力: motivation - power - dynamic - impetus - momentummotivation [ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn] n.动机;动力;诱因power [ˈpaʊə] n.权力;能力;控制力;影响力;操纵力;体力,智力;力;能;功率 dynamic [daɪˈnæmɪk] n.动态;动力;动力学;相互作用的方式;力学;力度impetus [ˈɪmpɪtəs] n.动力;推动;促进;刺激;动量;惯性momentum [məˈmentəm] n.推进力;动力;势头;冲力;动量138.提议: suggestion - proposal - recommendation - proposition - proffersuggestion [səˈdʒestʃən] n.建议;提议;微量;些微;迹象;暗示proposal [prəˈpəʊzl] n.提议;建议;动议;求婚recommendation [ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn] n.正式建议;提议;推荐;介绍;推荐信proposition [ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃn] n.提议,建议;欲做的事;待处理的问题;任务proffer [ˈprɒfə] n.贡献;提议;提供物139.猜想: guess - suppose - suspect - conjecture - thinkguess [ɡes] v.猜测;想;猜到;估计;猜对;猜中;以为;你猜suppose [səˈpəʊz] v.认为,推断,料想;假定;假设;设想suspect [səˈspekt ] v.疑有,觉得;感觉有问题;不信任;怀疑(某人有罪)conjecture [kənˈdʒektʃə] v.推测;猜测think [θɪŋk] v.认为;以为;想;思考;思索;思想;琢磨;猜想;料想;只想;打140.假设: assume - presume - postulate - suppose - postulate - positassume [əˈsjuːm] v.假定;假设;认为;承担(责任);就(职);取得(权力);呈现 presume [prɪˈzjuːm] v.假设;假定;推定;设定;设想;妄行postulate [ˈpɒstjuleɪt ] vt./n.假定;假设suppose [səˈpəʊz] v.认为,推断,料想;假定;假设;设想postulate [ˈpɒstjuleɪt ] vt./n.假定;假设posit [ˈpɒzɪt] vt.假定;假设;认定;认为…为实141.竞争: compete - vie - contend - rival - dispute - fight - racecompete [kəmˈpiːt] vi.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛)vie [vie] vi.激烈竞争;争夺contend [kənˈtend] v.竞争;争夺;(尤指在争论中)声称,主张,认为rival [ˈraɪvl] vt.与…相匹敌;比得上dispute [dɪˈspjuːt] v.争论;争执;对…提出质询;辩论;争夺;竞争fight [faɪt] v.打仗;战斗;作战;搏斗打架;参加(竞赛);竞争;努力争取;争 race [reɪs] v.(和…)比赛;参加比赛;使比赛;让…参加速度比赛142.奢侈的: luxurious - wasteful- extravagant - luxury - sumptuousluxurious [lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs] adj.十分舒适的;奢侈的wasteful [ˈweɪstfl] adj.浪费的;挥霍的extravagant [ɪkˈstrævəɡənt] adj.奢侈的;挥霍的;铺张浪费的luxury [ˈlʌkʃəri] adj.奢华的sumptuous [ˈsʌmptʃuəs] adj.华丽的;豪华的;奢华的;华贵的143.加速: accelerate - quicken - expedite - haste - precipitateaccelerate [əkˈseləreɪt] v.加快;加速;(使)加速quicken [ˈkwɪkən] v.(使)加快,加速;变得更活跃;使更活跃expedite [ˈekspədaɪt] vt.加快;加速haste [heɪst] v.赶紧;匆忙;<古>使快;催促precipitate [prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt ] vt.加速(坏事的发生);使…突然降临;使突然144.贫穷: poor - needy - poverty - privation - penury - wantpoor [pɔː] n.穷人;贫困者needy [ˈniːdi] n.穷困的人poverty [ˈpɒvəti] n.贫穷;贫困;贫乏;短缺;劣质privation [praɪˈveɪʃn] n.贫困;匮乏;艰难penury [ˈpenjəri] n.穷困;贫困;贫穷want [wɒnt] n.需要的东西;想望的东西;缺少;缺乏;不足;贫穷;贫困;匮乏145.批评: criticize - criticism - reproach - decry - rebuke - chastisecriticize [ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz] v.批评;批判;挑剔;指责;评论;评价criticism [ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm] n.批评;批判;责备;指责;评论文章,评论reproach [rɪˈprəʊtʃ] n.责备;批评;责备的话语;批评的言辞;羞耻;没面子 decry [dɪˈkraɪ] vt.(公开)谴责;(强烈)批评rebuke [rɪˈbjuːk] vt.指责;批评chastise [tʃæˈstaɪz] vt.惩戒;责备;指责;批评;体罚146.重要的: important - vital - essential- significant - major - seriousimportant [ɪmˈpɔːtnt] adj.重要的;有重大影响的;有巨大价值的vital [ˈvaɪtl] adj.至关重要的,必不可少的;生命的essential [ɪˈsenʃl] adj.本质的;极其重要的;基本的;根本的significant [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt] adj.重要的,有重大意义的;显著的,值得注意 major [ˈmeɪdʒə] adj.主要的;大的;重要的;严重;大调的;主修的(课程）serious [ˈsɪəriəs] adj.不好的;严重的;有危险的;严肃的;重要的147.招收: recruit - enroll - employ - engagerecruit [rɪˈkruːt] v.招募;吸收(新成员);征募(新兵);(通过招募)组成;组 enroll [ɪnˈrəʊl] v.登记;吸收(成员),加入;写下;录下;注册employ [ɪmˈplɔɪ] vt.雇用;应用;运用;使用engage [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ] v.从事;聘用;吸引住(注意力);雇用148.感觉: sense - feel - sensation - perceive - oesthesis - sensibilitysense [sens] n.感觉;知觉;感觉官能;意识,观念v.感觉到,觉察到,意识到;了解,领悟feel [fiːl] v.感觉到,体会到;觉得,相信n.感觉,气氛;触觉,手感;触摸sensation [senˈseɪʃn] n.感觉;知觉;感觉能力;知觉能力;直觉;经历;回忆 perceive [pəˈsiːv] vt.感知;认为;察觉到;注意到;意识到;将…理解为oesthesis n.感觉；知觉sensibility [ˌsensəˈbɪləti] n.(尤指文艺方面的)感受能力,鉴赏力;感情149.供给: supply - provision - provide - furnish - feed - issue - plugsupply [səˈplaɪ] n.供应,供给;供应的东西,贮备,存货v.供给,供应,提供;补充,填充;弥补provision [prəˈvɪʒn] n.提供;供给;给养;供应品;饮食供应vt.为…提供所需物品(尤指食物)provide [prəˈvaɪd] vt.提供;供应;给予;规定furnish [ˈfɜːnɪʃ] vt.布置家具;向(某人/某事物)供应,提供feed [fiːd] v.喂养;给(人或动物)食物;饲养;提供(意见或信息等);供给issue [ˈɪʃuː] vt.发出;宣布;公布;发给;供给;出版;发行plug [plʌɡ] vt.堵塞;封堵;补足;补充;供给;推广;宣传;射击150.愚笨的: clumsy - stupid - imbecile - foolish - silly - inane - dopeyclumsy [ˈklʌmzi] adj.笨拙的;不灵巧的;无技巧的stupid [ˈstjuːpɪd] adj.愚蠢的;笨的;傻的;欠考虑的;糊涂的;讨厌的,恼人 imbecile [ˈɪmbəsiːl] adj.低能的;愚笨的foolish [ˈfuːlɪʃ] adj.愚蠢的;傻的;感到荒谬;出丑;显得尴尬silly [ˈsɪli] adj.愚蠢的;不明事理的;没头脑的;可笑的,荒唐的inane [ɪˈneɪn] adj.空的;空虚的;无实体的;愚蠢的,傻的;空洞的,无意义的dopey [ˈdəʊpi] adj.愚笨的;迟钝的;被麻醉的;迷迷糊糊的;昏昏沉沉的151.明显的: obvious - apparent - remarkable - evident - sharp - distinctobvious [ˈɒbviəs] adj.明显的;显然的;易理解的;公认的;当然的;平淡无奇 apparent [əˈpærənt] adj.显然的;显然;显而易见;明白易懂;貌似的remarkable [rɪˈmɑːkəbl] adj.非凡的;显著的;引人注目的;奇异的evident [ˈevɪdənt] adj.明显的;显而易见的;显然的;清楚的sharp [ʃɑːp] adj.锋利的;锐利的;急剧的;清楚明确的;清晰的;鲜明的distinct [dɪˈstɪŋkt] adj.不同的;明显的;清晰的;清楚的;明白的;有区别152.消极的: passive - negative - damaging - detrimental - inactivepassive [ˈpæsɪv] adj.消极的;被动的;(动词形式)被动语态的negative [ˈneɡətɪv] adj.消极的;负面的;否定的;坏的;有害的;缺乏热情的 damaging [ˈdæmɪdʒɪŋ] damage的现在分词adj.造成破坏的;有害的;损害的detrimental [ˌdetrɪˈmentl] adj.有害的,不利的inactive [ɪnˈæktɪv] adj.不活跃的;无效的;无行动的;不活动的;不运转的153.大量的: generous - many - mass - great deal - a host ofgenerous [ˈdʒenərəs] adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的;充足的;仁慈的many [ˈmeni] adj.许多的,大量的mass [mæs] adj.大批的;数量极多的;广泛的great deal [ɡreɪt diːl] 大量之;很大程度;很大贡献a host of [ə həʊst ɒv] 许多;很多154.共同的: common - conjoint - collective - universalcommon [ˈkɒmən] adj.常见的;通常的;普遍的;共有的;共享的;共同的;普通conjoint [kənˈdʒɔɪnt] adj.联合的;共同的;协同的collective [kəˈlektɪv] adj.集体的;共有的;共同的;全体成员的;总体universal [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl] adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的;广泛适用155.邻近的：near - adjacent - vicinity - proximitynear [nɪə] adj.近的;接近;距离近;不远;不久以后;随后;近似;接近的adjacent [əˈdʒeɪsnt] adj.相邻;邻近的;与…毗连的vicinity [vəˈsɪnəti] n.周围地区;邻近地区;附近proximity [prɒkˈsɪməti] n.接近;(时间或空间)邻近;靠近156.最高的：top - supreme - topmost - uppermost - maximum - peaktop [tɒp] adj.顶端的,顶部的,最上面的;最高的;最重要的supreme [suːˈpriːm] adj.(级别或地位)最高的,至高无上的;极大的;终极的 topmost [ˈtɒpməʊst] adj.最顶端的;最高的;最上面的uppermost [ˈʌpəməʊst] adj.最高的;最上端的;最上面的;最重要;最关键maximum [ˈmæksɪməm] adj.最高的;最多的;最大极限的;顶点的;极大的peak [piːk] adj.最高度的;高峰时期的;巅峰状态的157.初级的:primary - elementary - primitiveprimary [ˈpraɪməri] adj.初级的;主要的;最重要的;基本的;最初的;最早的 elementary [ˌelɪˈmentri] adj.初级的;基本的;基础的;简单的;容易的primitive [ˈprɪmətɪv] adj.原始的;远古的;早期的;发展水平低的;落后的158.基本的: radical - fundamental - basic - elementary - primordialradical [ˈrædɪkl] adj.根本的;彻底的;完全的;全新的;不同凡响的fundamental [ˌfʌndəˈmentl] adj.基本的;十分重大的;根本的;基础的basic [ˈbeɪsɪk] adj.基本的,基础的,根本的;最简单的,初级的;必需的elementary [ˌelɪˈmentri] adj.初级的;基本的;基础的;简单的;容易的primordial [praɪˈmɔːdiəl] adj.原生的;原始的;基本的159.勤奋的: industrious - diligent - assiduous - hard workingindustrious [ɪnˈdʌstriəs] adj.勤奋的;勤劳的;忙碌的diligent [ˈdɪlɪdʒənt] adj.孜孜不倦的;勤勉的;刻苦的assiduous [əˈsɪdjuəs] adj.刻苦的;兢兢业业的;勤勤恳恳的hard working [hɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ] 努力工作;勤奋的;工作努力;吃苦耐劳160.适当的：suitable - appropriate - proper - suited - fair - advisablesuitable [ˈsuːtəbl] adj.合适的;适宜的;适当;适用appropriate [əˈprəʊpriət ] adj.适当的;合适的;恰当的proper [ˈprɒpə] adj.适当的;正确的;恰当的;符合规则的;名副其实的suited [ˈsuːtɪd] suit的过去分词和过去式adj.合适;适宜;适当;般配的;穿西装的;穿…套装的fair [feə] adj.公平的;合理的;恰当的;适当的;平等待人的,公正的advisable [ədˈvaɪzəbl] adj.明智的;适当的;明智;可取161.只有/仅仅：only - unique - merely - simply - alone - barelyonly [ˈəʊnli] adv.只有;只;仅;只不过;仅…而已;仅此而已;愈加;不料unique [juˈniːk] adj.唯一的;独一无二的;独特的;罕见的;独具的,特有的 merely [ˈmɪəli] adv.仅仅;只不过simply [ˈsɪmpli] adv.仅仅,只,不过;(某说法)确实,简直;简单地;简朴地 alone [əˈləʊn] adj/adv.单独地;单独;独自;孤独;寂寞;唯一,只有;仅仅 barely [ˈbeəli] adv.仅仅;几乎没有;几乎不;刚刚;勉强可能;刚好;刚才162.灾难: catastrophe - disaster - suffering - calamity - tragedycatastrophe [kəˈtæstrəfi] n.灾难;灾祸;横祸;不幸事件;困难disaster [dɪˈzɑːstə] n.灾难;灾祸;灾害;不幸;祸患suffering [ˈsʌfərɪŋ] suffer的现在分词n.疼痛;痛苦;折磨;苦难;苦恼calamity [kəˈlæməti] n.灾难;灾祸tragedy [ˈtrædʒədi] n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;惨案;悲剧;悲剧作品163.危险: hazard - danger - perils - risk - pitfall - danger - jeopardy hazard [ˈhæzəd] n.危险;危害danger [ˈdeɪndʒə] n.危险;风险;危险因素;危害;威胁perils [ˈpɛrɪlz] peril的第三人称单数和复数n.严重危险;祸害;险情risk [rɪsk] n.危险;风险;危险人物;会带来风险的事物pitfall [ˈpɪtfɔːl] n.陷阱;困难;危险;(尤指)隐患danger [ˈdeɪndʒə] n.危险;风险;危险因素;危害;威胁jeopardy [ˈdʒepədi] n.危险164.争论: dispute - conflicts - debate - argue - controversy - skirmish dispute [dɪˈspjuːt] n.争论;辩论;争端;纠纷v.争论;辩论;争执;争夺;竞争conflicts [kənˈflɪkts] conflict的第三人称单数和复数n.争执;争论;冲突;战斗;抵触;矛盾v.(两种思想、信仰、说法等)冲突,抵触debate [dɪˈbeɪt] n.(在公共集会上常以表决结束的)辩论;争论,讨论 v.(尤指正式)讨论;仔细考虑;思考;盘算argue [ˈɑːɡjuː] v.争论;争吵;争辩;论证;说理;证明;表明controversy [ˈkɒntrəvɜːsi] n.争议;(公开的)争论,辩论,论战skirmish [ˈskɜːmɪʃ] vi.发生小规模战斗(或冲突、争执)165.继续: continue - proceed - maintain - resume - segue - last - go oncontinue [kənˈtɪnjuː] v.持续;继续存在;继续做;不停地干;移动;延伸proceed [prəˈsiːd] vi.继续;接着做;行进;前往maintain [meɪnˈteɪn] v.维持;保持;维修;保养;坚持resume [rɪˈzjuːm] v.重新开始;(中断后)继续;恢复席位 / 地位 / 职位segue [ˈseɡweɪ] vi.(顺利)转到,接入(另一首歌、话题、地方等)last [lɑːst] v.持续;继续;延续;继续存在;持续起作用;持久go on 继续(做);进行;发生;继续,持续;(时间0流逝,过去166.细菌 bacteria - germ - fungusbacteria [bækˈtɪəriə] bacterium的复数n.细菌germ [dʒɜːm] n.微生物;细菌;病菌;起源;发端;萌芽fungus [ˈfʌŋɡəs] n.真菌,真菌类植物;霉,霉菌167.津贴: allowance - bounty - subsidy - emolument - perk - stipendallowance [əˈlaʊəns] n.津贴;补贴;补助;限额;定量;免税额bounty [ˈbaʊnti] n.慷慨之举;大量给予之物;奖金;赏金subsidy [ˈsʌbsədi] n.补贴;补助金;津贴emolument [ɪˈmɒljumənt] n.报酬;(尤指付给高收入者的)酬金,薪水,工资 perk [pɜːk] n.额外待遇;(工资之外的)补贴;津贴stipend [ˈstaɪpend] n.津贴;(尤指神职人员的)生活津贴;薪俸;献仪168.种族的: racial - race - stock - ethnic groupracial [ˈreɪʃl] adj.种族的;种族间的;人种的race [reɪs] n.比赛,竞争,角逐;种族,人种,种;赛跑stock [stɒk] adj.老一套的;陈腐的;(商店里)常备的,通常有的ethnic group [eθnɪk ɡruːp] 民族团体,少数民族团体;种族集团169.偏见: stereotype - bias - preconception - prejudicestereotype [ˈsteriətaɪp] n.刻板印象;模式化观念(或形象);陈规bias [ˈbaɪəs] n.偏见;偏心;偏向;偏爱;特殊能力;斜裁preconception [ˌpriːkənˈsepʃn] n.先入之见;成见;预想;事先形成的观念 prejudice [ˈpredʒudɪs] n.偏见;成见170.减少: lessen - reduce - cut - diminution - decrease - diminishlessen [ˈlesn] v.减少;(使)变小,变少,减弱,减轻reduce [rɪˈdjuːs] v.减少;缩小;(使)蒸发;减轻cut [kʌt] v.切;割;割破;划破;剪辑n.伤口;划口;削减,减少,缩减;理发;款式diminution [ˌdɪmɪˈnjuːʃn] n.缩小;缩减;减少;降低;缩小量;减少量decrease [dɪˈkriːs ] v.减少;(使大小、数量等)减小;降低n.减少;降低;减少量diminish [dɪˈmɪnɪʃ] v.减少;(使)减弱,缩减;降低;贬低;贬损;轻视171.弱化: weaken- reduction - avianize - shorteningweaken [ˈwiːkən] v.(使)虚弱,衰弱;减弱;削弱reduction [rɪˈdʌkʃn] v.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣avianize [ˈeɪviəniz] v.弱化shortening [ˈʃɔːtnɪŋ] shorten的现在分词v.(使)变短，缩短172.冲突: clash - conflict - collide - assault - attack - confrontation clash [klæʃ] n.冲突;(两群人之间的)打斗;打架;争论;辩论;争执;差别 v.冲突;比赛;打斗;(公开地)争辩;迥然不同;不相容;抵触conflict [ˈkɒnflɪkt] n.争执;争论;(军事)冲突;战斗;抵触;矛盾;不一致 collide [kəˈlaɪd] vi.碰撞;相撞;严重不一致;冲突;抵触assault [əˈsɔːlt] n.攻击;突击;袭击;侵犯人身罪;冲击;抨击vt.猛烈攻击,袭击,侵犯人身;使(感官)难受attack [əˈtæk] n.袭击;攻击;进攻;抨击,非难;抑制;发作,侵袭v.袭击;攻击;进攻;抨击;非难;侵袭confrontation [ˌkɒnfrʌnˈteɪʃn] n.对抗;对峙;冲突173.大约: about - almost - nearly - roughly - approximately - circaabout [əˈbaʊt] adv.大约;左右;将近;几乎;到处;处处;各处;凌乱地;闲着 almost [ˈɔːlməʊst] adv.几乎,差不多nearly [ˈnɪəli] adv.几乎;差不多;将近roughly [ˈrʌfli] adv.粗略地;大致;大约;差不多;粗暴地;粗鲁地;粗糙地approximately [əˈprɒksɪmətli] adv.大概;大约;约莫circa [ˈsɜːkə] adv.大约174.压力: stress - burden - pressure - tension - strain - heatstress [stres] n.应力;压力;强调;紧张;精神压力;心理负担;重要性burden [ˈbɜːdn] n.负担;重负;(义务、责任等的)重担pressure [ˈpreʃə] n.压力;挤压;压强;大气压;催促;心理压力tension [ˈtenʃn] n.紧张;紧张局势;矛盾;对立烦躁;紧张气氛;拉伸strain [streɪn] n.压力;劳损;重负;拉力;张力;应力;拉伤;扭伤;个性特点 heat [hiːt] n.热;温度;炎热天气;高温,热的环境;炉灶;压力;预赛175.能力: ability - power - skill - capacity - competence - facultyability [əˈbɪləti] n.能力;才能;本领;才智power [ˈpaʊə] n.权力;能力;控制力;影响力;操纵力;体力,智力;力;能;功率skill [skɪl] n.技巧;技艺;技术;技能capacity [kəˈpæsəti] n.容量;容积;容纳能力;领悟能力;职位;职责competence [ˈkɒmpɪtəns] n.能力;胜任;权限,管辖权;技能;本领faculty [ˈfæklti] n.官能;能力;天赋;才能;(高等院校的)系,院;全体教师176..强大的：powerful - mighty - puissant - potent - wicked - titanicpowerful [ˈpaʊəfl] adj.强大的;有权势的;有影响力的;力量大的mighty [ˈmaɪti] adj.强大的;强而有力的;巨大的;非凡的puissant adj.有力的，强力的;强大的，强盛的potent [ˈpəʊtnt] adj.(药品等)有强效的;强有力的,影响力的;有说服力的 wicked [wɪkt ] adj.邪恶的淘气的;危险的,有害的;强大的;极好的titanic [taɪˈtænɪk] adj.巨大的;极重要的;强大的;极艰巨的;重量级的177.最近/目前：nowadays - currently - presently - now - today - just nownowadays [ˈnaʊədeɪz] adv.现今;现在;目前currently [ˈkʌrəntli] adv.现时;目前;当前;时下presently [ˈprezntli] adv.目前;现在;此刻;眼下;表示马上就已发生了now [naʊ] adv.现在,目前,此刻;从现在开始;现在就,马,就要today [təˈdeɪ] adv.现在;当今;在今天;在今日;当代just now 刚才,方才;现在,此时,此刻,眼下;目前,现阶段;以后178.一直/总是：always - invariably - straight - continuously - everalways [ˈɔːlweɪz] adv.总是;每次都是;一直;一贯;(将)永远;老是,一再invariably [ɪnˈveəriəbli] adv.一成不变;始终如一地;一贯地straight [streɪt] adv.直;直接;径直;笔直地;平正地;成直线;立即;正;坦 continuously [kənˈtɪnjʊəsli] adv.连续不断地ever [ˈevə ] adv.曾经;在任何时候;不断地;总是;始终;究竟,到底179.毫无疑问地: indubitably - undoubtedly - unquestionably - for sureindubitably [ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəbli] adv.不容置疑地;毫无疑问地undoubtedly adv.毋庸置疑地;无疑;必定unquestionably adv.无疑,毫无疑问地;肯定,当然for sure [fɔː(r) ʃʊə(r)] adv.当然可以;确实180.平稳地: steadily - smoothly - gradually - moderately - quietlysteadily [stedɪlɪ] adv.稳定地;坚定地;坚固地;不断地smoothly [ˈsmuːðli] adv.平稳地;顺利地;连续而流畅地;平静地;自信地gradually [ˈɡrædʒuəli] adv.逐步地;逐渐地;渐进地moderately [ˈmɒdərətli] adv.一般地;勉强地;适度;适量;适中quietly [kwaɪətli] adv.安静地;轻声地;;平静地;温和地;在暗中;秘密地181.急剧地：dramatically - sharply - hugely - significantlydramatically [drəˈmætɪk] adv.戏剧性地;戏剧地;显著地sharply [ˈʃɑːpli] adv.尖刻地;严厉地;猛烈地;急剧地;突然大幅度地;鲜明 hugely [ˈhjuːdʒli] adv.极度;极其;非常;深深地;大大地significantly [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli] adv.有重大意义地;显著地;明显地182.观点：opinion - perspective - standpoint - viewpoint - stanceopinion [əˈpɪnjən] n.意见;想法;看法;观点,信仰perspective [pəˈspektɪv] n.态度;观点;思考方法;客观判断力;透视法;景 standpoint [ˈstændpɔɪnt] n.立场;观点viewpoint [ˈvjuːpɔɪnt] n.观点;看法;角度stance [stæns] n.立场;(公开表明的)观点;态度;站立姿势183.职业: job - career - employment - vocation - position - professionjob [dʒɒb] n.工作;职业;职位;任务;事情;责任;职责career [kəˈrɪə] n.生涯;职业;经历;事业employment [ɪmˈplɔɪmənt] n.工作;职业;受雇;就业;雇用;使用vocation [vəʊˈkeɪʃn] n.职业;工作;生活方式;信心;使命感;圣召;神召position [pəˈzɪʃn] n.位置;地方;处境;观点;地位;职位;名次184.领域: field - domain - territory - realm - sphere - sector - areafield [fiːld] n.领域;田;地;牧场;场地;大片地方;专业;实地domain [dəˈmeɪn] n.(知识、活动的)领域,范围,范畴;领地;域;定义域;区域territory [ˈterətri] n.领土;版图;领地;领域,管区,地盘realm [relm] n.领域;场所;王国sphere [sfɪə] n.球;球体;球形;圆球;球状物;范围;领域;阶层;界;层sector [ˈsektə] n.部门;扇形;(尤指一国经济的)领域;行业area [ˈeəriə] n.地区;地域;场地;(物体上的)区;部位;领域;面积185.结果：result - consequence - outcome - endingresult [rɪˈzʌlt] n.后果,结果;成果,效果;比赛结果,比分consequence [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns] n.结果;后果;重要性outcome [ˈaʊtkʌm] n.结果;效果ending [ˈendɪŋ] n.(故事、电影等的)结尾,结局;结束;终结;最后部分;词尾186.经历：experience - go through - sensation - careerexperience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns] n.经验;经历;实践;阅历;经历,体验;传统go through [ɡəʊ θruː] 经过某过程;经历,经受;翻阅,翻找。
HSK六级写作技巧
律师又将一封信交给他：
亲爱的儿子：
当你看到这封信时，我已经不在人世了，你也知道我并非真的破产。
是的，儿子，我没有破产，我只不过用我的全部家当做了我有生以来最大的一笔生意，我成功了。
看着你一天天成长，我觉得我这笔生意做得很值。如果我将我的财产留给你，也许不用几年就会被你 败光，而你也会因为无人管教而成为废物。现在我用我有价的财产换来了一个无价的能干的儿子，这怎么 能不让我高兴！
3.“得”后的补充说明。（不知如何删除的，可不删除） 如：“玛丽着急得没办法。”——玛丽（很）着急。
4. 数量词一般可以删除。 如：“罗丹塑了一座女像。”——罗丹塑了女像。
新HSK6级写作技巧
新汉语水平考试（HSK）六级
律师又将一封信交给他：
遇到难写、不会写、难以理解的词语通常可以采用替换法。
比如《梯子》、《礼物》、《“此地无银三百两”》
1 写作要求 新汉语水平考试（HSห้องสมุดไป่ตู้）六级
表达意义上的同义替换： 看着自己的家因为自己的努力变得越来越美满，他感到前所未有的充实。
“让我试试吧。”儿子说，他下定决心要自立自强。
于是儿子便到了父亲的朋友林先生的公司做了一个小职员。工作很辛苦，开始儿子也想过辞职，但一想到自己富贵时的朋友不 再理他，有钱时的女友也讥讽他时，他坚持了下来。他要用自己的努力换取别人真正的尊重。
儿子遗传了父亲聪明的头脑和坚韧的性格，再加上自己的刻苦和林先生的指教，他的工作干得有声有色，职位也一步步提升。 不几年的工夫，他就当上了公司的总经理，并且娶了一个贤惠的太太。看着自己的家因为自己的努力变得越来越美满，他感到前 所未有的充实。
然而，幸福与不幸总是联系在一起的。正当儿子的事业如日中天的时候，父亲病倒了，儿子想尽一切办法都无法换回父亲的命 。临终前，父亲拉着儿子的手，满脸微笑，很满足的样子。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy，promising，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill替换bad如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.numerous, plenty of various,multitudinous,,several,considerable注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some6: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing8: shared 代 common9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。
所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in18.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代indicate, suggest ,fear21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth23.desire 替换want.24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to25.bear in mind that 替换remember26. enjoy, possess 替换have27. interaction替换communication28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance问题解决型Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern. 最近,…问题已引起人们的关注.Nowadays, …has become a problem that we have to face. 如今, …已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。
There is no denying the fact that …is a important (essential, significant, vital, serious, grave) problem in the modern society.不容否认, …是现代社会的一个严重问题.With the development of market economy, …are becoming more and more serious problem.随着市场经济的发展，…成为越来越重要的问题了。
This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, …Third, …这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先, …第二, …第三,…There are many factors explaining /accounting for /contributing to this phenomenon .first of all …moreover…besides…有很多的原因可以解释这一现象。
The following reasons are responsible for this phenomenon.有以下一些原因可以解释这一现象。
Therefore, it’s high time for us to take/that we took/that we should take effective measures to fight against this phenomenon.因此，现在是时候我们应该采取有效措施去抵制这一现象了。
Obviously, it is necessary to take some effective measures to reduce this phenomenon.很明显，采取有效措施去减少这种现象就变得很必要了。
Considering the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should betaken to reduce this phenomenon.考虑到问题的重要性，我们应该采取有效措施去减少这种现象。
we must look for all immediate methods ,because the present situation ,if permitted to continue ,will sure lead to serious results.我们必须立刻寻找解决办法,因为现在的形势如果持续下去的话,势必会导致严重的后果. only through these methods/measures could this problem be solved fundamentally.只有通过这种方法我们才能从根本上解决这个问题。
Only in this way can people reduce the chance of suffering from this problem.只有这样，才能减少人们患上抑郁症的机会对立观点型Recently, the problem whether …has cause wide attention.最近，关于…话题引起了广泛的关注。
Different people hold different views about whether ….关于…不同的人有不同的看法。
when it comes to whether …. ,there is no complete agreement among people.当谈到是否…时，人们持有不同的观点。
When asked whether …, different people will offer different preferences.当被问及…时，不同的人有不同的看法。
Opinions vary from individual to individual, from culture to culture.不同的人，不同的文化，对这一问题的看法都不同。
Those who advocate…say that…提倡…的人认为…People holding the first view usually think….持第一种观点的人认为….Those who are in favor of ….claim that …赞成…的人认为…Those who advocate…say that…提倡…的人认为…People holding the first view usually think….持第一种观点的人认为….Those who are in favor of ….claim that …赞成…的人认为…From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that…我无法完全同意这一观点…. Personally, I am standing on the side of …就个人而言, 我站在…的一边. Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to believe that…权衡有利与不利的因素,我比较倾向于.considering the above-mentioned ,I think…综上所述，我认为.as for me, I will give my vote to…至于我，我把…放在首位。