2020-2021学年湖北省黄冈中学高二(下)月考英语试卷 (三)(附答案详解)

2020-2021学年湖北省黄冈中学高二（下）月考英语试卷
（三）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
In this most unusual year, the gift of giving will feel especially good. These tips can help make the season merry and bright for everyone.
What's Different This Year
Hot Ticket Items May Be Extra Hot：Some companies have reduced their holiday ordering this year to cut down stock, so popular products might sell out fast — in stores and online. So if you see a good price for an item on your list, be sure to grab it. And plan to ship gifts at least two weeks before Christmas Eve.
Online Sales Will Start Early
This year, it maybe more like Cyber Season, with online promotions and sales starting right after Halloween. With concerns about crowds, retailers will likely save a lot of their inventory （存货）for online sales. To avoid parking lot chaos, try to pick up your purchases first thing in the morning or later in the evening, when wait times should be shorter.
Outlets Are Online Too
If one of your holiday shopping traditions is a trip to the outlets, you can still experience the thrill of the bargain hunt—from home. is the virtual version of the country's largest outlet company. In someways, it's even better than an in-person trip because you can shop by item or category and immediately see what different retailers have in stock, rather than going store to store .
When to Shop
Not on Thanksgiving：Many stores that opened their doors on the holiday last year have announced that they will be closed this year. One upside for shoppers is rock-bottom prices as some stores liquidate（清仓）. The downsides：They might not be around if you need to return something or use a gift card. In other words：Bankruptcy buyers beware.
1.Which is the best time to send gifts？______
A. October 30.
B. December 9.
C. December 15.
D. December 24.
2.What can we learn about holiday shopping this year？______
A. Shoppers can only buy items online.
B. Shopping on Thanksgiving is the best choice.
C. Popular products might sell out fast only in stores.
D. Shoppers may see a good price for an item right after Halloween.
3.Who will be most interested in this passage？______
A. People who are money-less.
B. People who like shopping at home.
C. People who are retailers.
D. People who are fond of bargains.
B
During the first half of the year 2020，Australia experienced an extreme drought followed by disastrous bushfires and heavy rainfall that brought massive flooding. Next came the pandemic. With people not coming in to the lab or staying only long enough to conduct their experiments, we lost our sense of interpersonal connection. Then, in July, our director shared that she had been diagnosed with a rare and aggressive cancer.
In the wake of that shocking announcement, one of the center's group leaders suggested we send our director weekly good news to keep her informed and to try to lift her spirits. One week later, we sent the first email.
The effect of this simple newsletter — which went to our director and all the group members as well as leaders — was significant. "I love good news time," a colleague wrote, "It really is uplifting."
These days, we collect good news every Wednesday and send out an email every Friday. The process and format are simple and plain, making the newsletter sustainable. Good news includes winning awards and scholarships, much-needed new computers arriving, a student submitting their essays, publishing papers, becoming parents, turning 40，and — of course —growing roses on one's balcony.
Last month, one group leader's good news was that, after breaking his arm, he finally had his cast（石膏）removed. The next week, he reported that his daughter broke her arm, saying that the number of broken bones in his family is a conserved quantity. It wasn't exactly good news, but it did make me laugh quietly. Equally important, sharing it helps us stay connected in these difficult times.
Regardless of what the future holds, we plan to continue to share our good news.
4.In which aspect do the author and his members benefit from the news in the text？
______
A. Improving working efficiency.
B. Creating a competitive atmosphere.
C. Strengthening each other's bond.
D. Being reminded of positive things.
5.What is the main purpose of paragraph 1？______
A. To lay the foundation for academic research.
B. To describe how unlucky they were in 2020.
C. To provide background for sharing good news.
D. To stress the necessity of cheering up the unfortunate.
6.Which of the following best describes the news listed in paragraph 4？______
A. No good news is too small to share.
B. Good news helps sweep away tragedies.
C. News making you laugh is good news.
D. Never ignore the positive side in bad news.
7.How do you find the group leader mentioned in paragraph5？______
A. Humorous.
B. Easy-going.
C. Sympathetic.
D. Open-minded.
C
Although it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling,they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic （超声的）cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops.
Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut.
Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate （推断）.
On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants
made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.
It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to recognize between the plants' sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example.
Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could "open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture"，the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought.
"The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible （可行的）if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation," says Anne Visscher at the royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.
She warns that the results can't yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains based on guesses for now, she says.
8.The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that ______ .
A. tomato plants cry more often than tobacco when hurt
B. plant sounds can be heard by plants quite far away
C. humans can hear water-hungry plants crying
D. moths like laying eggs on stressed plant
9.Taking advantage of the new research finding, farmers can ______ .
A. harvest crops in time
B. reduce greenhouse effects
C. diagnose plant condition faster
D. detect and remove insects easily
10.What is Anne Visscher's attitude towards the finding of the experiment？______
A. Disappointed
B. Cautious.
C. Appreciative.
D. Optimistic.
11.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？______
A. Plants get stressed Just Like Us
B. Sounds of Plants Detected Far Away
C. Cries of plants break Farmers' Hearts
D. Plants scream in the presence of stress
D
Ever wonder how your brain works when making decisions bigger than medium versus spicy sauce, like buying a car or accepting a job offer？Researchers from the University of Dundee in Scotland conducted a study that clarifies why you may want to have a small bite before making that big decision.
Benjamin Vincent from the University of Dundee's Psychology department and his co-author Jordan Skyrnka tested 50 people two times：once when they followed their normal eating patterns and once when they did not eat anything during the day. Using three different types of rewards （food, money, and song downloads），the team discovered when presented with the choice of receiving the reward now versus double the award at some point in the future, participants would usually volunteer to wait for 35 days to earn a larger bounty，but when they were hungry, they said they would only wait three days.
"We wanted to know whether being in a state of hunger had a specific effect on how you make decisions only relating to food or if it had broader effects, and this research suggests decision-making gets more present-focused when people are hungry," Vincent said in a story about the study on the university's website. "You would predict that hunger would impact people's preferences relating to food, but it is not yet clear why people get more
present-focused for completely unrelated rewards. Hunger is so common that it is important to understand the non-obvious ways in which our preferences and decisions may be affected by it," he said.
In an earlier study of the subject by a team at Cambridge University in England, the researchers noted that serotonin（血清素）plays a major role in the decision-making process. "Since the raw material for making serotonin—an amino acid（氨基酸）called tryptophan（色氨酸）— only comes from diet, levels of the chemical decline between meals," reports a piece in the Telegraph about the study. "This can lead to aggressiveness and impulsiveness," say the team.
12.How did Benjamin Vincent and Jordan Skyrnka carry out their research？______
A. By analyzing reasons.
B. By making comparison.
C. By giving examples.
D. By filling questionnaires.
13.The underlined word "bounty" in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ______ .
A. bonus.
B. quantity.
C. income.
D. fortune.
14.What conclusion can we draw from Vincent' study？______
A. It's common to make a wrong decision if you are hungry.
B. Make sure you are not hungry before making a big decision.
C. The more hungry you are, the quicker you will make a decision.
D. Being hungry drives you to make a decision connected with food.
15.What is the last paragraph mainly about？______
A. What should be eaten to make a wise man.
B. How can we get enough serotonin from our diet.
C. What other factors will influence one's decision-making.
D. How does a chemical function in the course of making a decision.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Have you ever been bored and decided to check social media,only to find out that your best friend is at Disneyland,that one of your classmates is eating delicious pizza at your favorite pizza store,and that one of your soccer teammates is climbing the Eiffel Tower in Paris？Have you ever had that feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life more than you are？Oh,man!You're missing out! (1) Researchers call that feeling the fear of missing out or FoMO.
(2) It's so easy today to see what your friends are doing from the social media.Unluckily,we only have so much time in the day and only so much money to spend on food or entertainment that it would be impossible for us to enjoy all the same activities we see others take part in on social media.
Rather than realizing this basic truth,though,we usually let FoMO lead us to compare our lives with those of others on social media. (3) Why？We know all the sides of our lives— both good and bad.but all we see on social media are the picture-perfect moments others share.
(4) FoMO makes us check social media more frequently,leading to addiction and a negative cycle that can be hard to break.Researchers have found that social media and FoMO can cause serious negative results,including feeling of depression,loneliness and boredom.
(5) Researchers advise that we stop looking to social media for happiness.Instead,we should focus our attention on our real lives,including the people around us and all the things we're grateful for.
A.Have you ever experienced FoMO？
B.At least that's what you might think.
C.This certainly leaves us feeling dissatisfied.
D.So how do we break the cycle and avoid FoMO？
E.Over 75% of young people report feeling FoMO from time to time.
F.As famous Theodore Roosevelt said, "Comparison is the thief of joy".
G.If you let FoMO control you,the only thing you'll really be missing out on is your own life.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
I've noticed that conversations with my children have started to turn into something I don't like.It could be my(21).I don't always (22)before I open my mouth.For example,my kids would call to tell me about something that's been (23)them.As soon as they're finished,I go into mom mode.
"You should ..."，"You need to consider ..."，"If I were you,I'd ..."
"Mom!"
The tone is full of (24)and annoyance.
When I get one of my adult kids on the phone,I become a（n）(25)on everything,which I'm obviously not.I want to be part of their lives and (26)them from making mistakes that seem so obvious to me.
I'm hardly(27)in this.Over lunch the other day,a friend told me that her son(28)listened to anything she said. "It's like talking to a wall!" I know that feeling well.But I'm learning slowly that talking at is not the same as talking with.
Giving advice to children can be full of problems.Though we may see ourselves(29)the wisdom of our years,they see something else.They see a(30)parent who hasn't accepted the fact that they're adults with their own thoughts and feelings.They're not (31)any tips.They may not even want a（n）(32)solution to a difficult problem.What they're hoping for is a safe place to talk with a person who loves and(33)them no matter what.
Because of this,I've given myself the (34)of becoming a better parent by being a better listener.It's not an easy task for parents like me but I'm (35).
21. A. fault B. offer C. guilt D. affair
22. A. predict B. hesitate C. panic D. think
23. A. striking B. bothering C. educating D. absorbing
24. A. amusement B. frustration C. accusation D. embarrassment
25. A. expert B. adult C. fighter D. partner
26. A. inspire B. ban C. prevent D. affect
27. A. typical B. alone C. actual D. desperate
28. A. rarely B. faithfully C. eventually D. frequently
29. A. evaluating B. appreciating C. sharing D. opposing
30. A. disappointing B. refreshing C. challenging D. controlling
31. A. appealing to B. looking for C. trying out D. deciding on
32. A. immediate B. abstract C. complex D. diverse
33. A. praises B. shapes C. rejects D. supports
34. A. trend B. pressure C. goal D. possibility
35. A. stressed B. determined C. guaranteed D. addicted
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36."There is a long,long story (1) Tai Chi and me," says Jose Gago,61，a Spanish man who
has taught Tai Chi in his hometown for almost 36 years.
Although the first martial arts school (2) （found）in 1982 in Ourense,Spain,Jose did not make the trip to Yongnian,China until 1994 (3) （further）his study of Tai Chi.Since then,he (4) （travel）to China over 20 times.For Jose,Tai Chi is not (5) （simple）a sport.
(6) attracts him most is the Taoist philosophy rooted in Tai Chi,of which the main
elements consist in the principles of "softness,slowness,balance and rootedness".
His martial arts school,which provides introductory programs for (7) （begin），has approximately 150 students, (8) （range）from children under the age of 5 to senior
citizens over 70.He has trained thousands of students in Spain,many of (9) have won
awards in a number of tournaments.
Jose's hometown has hosted a number of free Tai Chi community classes and Tai Chi is acting as an important bridge for (10) （culture）exchange.
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37.假定你是中学生李华，你的美国网友Mike认为在中小学时期学习历史没有用，是
在浪费时间。

请用英语给他写一封信，内容包括：
1.你的观点；
2.你的理由。

注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Mike,
____________
Yours,
Li Hua
38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

续写的词数应为150左右。

When a tornado touched down in a small town nearby,many families were left completely ruined.One Sunday,a particular picture especially touched me.A young woman stood in front of an entirely ruined home.A young boy,seven or eight years old,stood at her
side,eyes downcast.Clutching（紧握）at her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the
camera,eyes wide with confusion and fear.The article that went with the picture gave the clothing sizes of each family member.With growing interest,I noticed that their sizes
closely matched ours.This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to help those less fortunate than themselves.I taped the picture of the young family to our
refrigerator,explaining their difficulty to my seven-year-old twins,Brad and Brett,and to three-year-old Meghan.
"These poor people now have nothing," I said. "We'll share what we have with them."
I brought three large boxes and placed them on the living room floor,encouraging the boys
to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things.Meghan watched seriously,as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods that they
no longer needed.
Meghan walked up with Lucy,her much -loved doll,hugged tightly to her chest.She stopped in front of the box,gave her doll a final kiss,then laid her gently on top of the other toys.
"Oh,Honey," I said. "You don't have to give Lucy.You love her so much."
Meghan nodded seriously, "Lucy makes me happy,Mommy.Maybe she'll make that other little girl happy,too."
Para.1
The boys had watched,open-mouthed,when their sister placed her favorite doll in the box.____
Para.2
I looked at my children for a long moment.____
答案和解析
1.【答案】
【解析】（1）B. 细节理解题。

根据What's Different This Year部分"So if you see a good price for an item on your list, be sure to grab it. And plan to ship gifts at least two weeks before Christmas Eve.因此，如果你看到一个好价格的项目在你的名单上，一定要抓住它。

并计划至少在平安夜前两周运送礼物。

"可知平安夜前两周运送礼物最好。

故选B.
（2）D. 推理判断题。

根据 Online Sales Will Start Early部分"This year,it maybe more like Cyber Season,with online promotions and sales starting right after Halloween.
今年，可能更像是网络季，万圣节过后就开始网上促销。

"可知万圣节过后就开始网上
促销，那么价格就会低，所以在万圣节过后，购物者可能会看到一件商品的好价钱。

故选D.
（3）D. 推理判断题。

阅读全文以及根据最后一段"Not on Thanksgiving：Many stores that opened their doors on the holiday last year have announced that they will be closed this year. 不是在感恩节：许多去年节日开门的
商店都宣布今年将关门。

对购物者来说，一个好处是，随着一些商店倒闭，价格降到了最低。

"可知本文主要介绍了如何购买到便宜的礼物，所以喜欢便宜货的人对这篇文章
感兴趣。

故选D.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何购买到便宜的礼物。

1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。

3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章
取义。

4.【答案】
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。

根据文章第三段1 love good news time."a colleague wrote.'It really is uplifting.（"我喜欢好消息时间，"一位同事写道，"这真的令人振奋。

""和最后一段Equally important,sharing it helps us stay connected in these difficult times.（同样重要的是，分享它可以帮助我们在困难时期保持联系。

）可推断，作者和他的成员从好消息中受益，加强了彼此的联系。

C. Strengthening each other's bond.（加强彼此的联系）正确。

故选C.
（2）C.推理判断题。

根据文章第一段During the first half of the year 2020，Australia experienced an extreme drought followed bydisastrous bushfires and heavy rainfall that brought massive flooding. Next came the pandemic. With people not coming in to the lab or staying only long enough to conduct their experiments,we lost our sense of interpersonal connection. Then,in July.our director shared that she had been diagnosed with a rare and aggressive cancer.（在2020年上半年，澳大利亚经历了一场极端干旱，随后是灾难性的森林火灾和暴雨，并带来了大规模的洪水。

接下来是大流行病，人们不来实验室，或者待的时间不够长，我们就失去了人际关系的感觉。

然后，在7月，我们的主任告诉我们，她被诊断出患有一种罕见的恶性癌症。

）及下文可推断，文章第一段为分享好消息提供背景。

C. To provide background for sharing good news.（为分享好消息提供背景）正确。

故选C.
（3）A.推理判断题。

根据文章第四段Good news indudes securing grants and fellowships.much-needed new computers arriving,astudent submitting their thesis,publishing papers,becoming parents,turning 40，and-of course-growing roses on one'sbalcony.（好消息包括获得助学金奖学金，急需的新电脑到来，学生提交论文，发表论文，为人父母，40岁生日，当然还有在阳台上种玫瑰。

）可知，好消息再小，也可以分享。

A. No good news is too small to share.（没有小到不能分享的好消息）正确。

故选A.
（4）A.推理判断题。

根据文章第五段Last month,one group leader's good news was that,after breaking his arm,he finally had hiscast（石膏）removed. The next week, he reported that his daughter broke her arm,saying that the number of broken bones inhis family is a conserved
quantity. （上个月，一位组长的好消息是，在手臂骨折后，他终于把石膏拿掉了。

第二个星期，他报告说他的女儿掉断了胳膊，并说他的家庭骨折的数量是守恒的。

）"可推断，这位组长很幽默。

A. Humorous.幽默的；B. Easy-going.随和的；C. Sympathetic.同情的；D. Open-minded心胸开阔的。

故选A.
本文是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了作者和同事之问通过分享日常生活中的好消息，来帮助彼此在困难时期保持联系。

做这类阅读理解，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

8.【答案】
【解析】（1）D．细节理解题。

根据第四段的On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11．平均而言，干旱胁迫下番茄植株每小时发出35个声音，而烟草植株每小时发出11个声音。

可知，特拉维夫大学研究人员的实验表明，缺水的番茄比烟草更敏感。

故选D．
（2）C．推理判断题。

根据第四段的It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants' sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency.
甚至可以区分声音来知道压力是什么。

研究人员训练了一个机器学习模型来区分植物的声音和温室里的风、雨和其他噪音，在大多数情况下，根据声音识别出压力是由干燥引起的还是由割伤引起的强度和频率。

例如，缺水烟草比烟丝发出的声音更大。

植物状况可以更快地被诊断出来。

故选C．
（3）B．观点态度题。

根据倒数第二段的The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,
缺水的植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业的建议似乎是可行的，如果在田间环境下设置录音成本不太高的话，可知，Anne Visscher对实验的发现是谨慎的。

A. Disappointed 失望的；B. Cautious谨慎的；C. Appreciative感激的；D. Optimistic乐观的。

故选B．
（4）D．标题判断题。

根据全文和第一段的But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops.
但现在，他们第一次被记录到在压力下发出超声波叫声，研究人员说，这可能会开辟一个新的精确农业领域，让农民在那里聆听缺水作物的声音。

可知D. Plants Scream in Presence of Stress是最好的标题。

故选D．
本文介绍植物在有压力的情况下会发出叫声，科学家进行试验识别它们的声音，这项研究可以有利于精准农业。

1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。

3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

12.【答案】
【解析】（1）B. 推理判断题。

根据第二段"Benjamin Vincent from the University of Dundee's Psychology department and his co-author Jordan Skyrnka tested 50 people two
times： once when they followed their normal eating patterns and once when they did not eat anything during the day. Using three different types of rewards （food, money, and song downloads）， the team discovered when presented with the choice of receiving the reward now versus double the award at some point in the future, participants would usually volunteer to wait for 35 days to earn a larger bounty， but when they were hungry, they said they would only wait three days.邓迪大学心理学系的本杰明•文森特和他
的合著者乔丹•斯基尔卡两次对50人进行了测试：一次是他们按照正常的饮食模式进行
测试，一次是白天什么都不吃。

研究小组利用三种不同类型的奖励（食物、金钱和歌曲下载），发现当他们在呈现现在获得奖励的选择时，与未来某个时刻的奖励加倍时，参与者通常会自愿等待35天来获得丰厚的奖金，但当他们饿了时，他们表示自己只等三天。

"可知本杰明•文森特和乔丹•斯基尔卡是通过比较进行研究的。

故选B.
（2）A. 词义猜测题。

根据划线词所在的句子" once when they followed their normal eating patterns and once when they did not eat anything during the day. Using three different types of rewards （food, money, and song downloads）， the team discovered when presented with the choice of receiving the reward now versus double the award at some point in the future, participants would usually volunteer to wait for 35 days to earn a larger bounty， but when they were hungry, they said they would only wait three days.一次是他们按照正常的饮食模式进行测试，一次是白天什么都不吃。

研究小组利用三种不同类型的奖励（食物、金钱和歌曲下载），发现当他们在呈现现在获得奖励的选择时，与未来某个时刻的奖励加倍时，参与者通常会自愿等待35天来获得丰厚的奖金，但当他们饿了时，他们表示自己只等三天。

"可知划线词的意思是"奖励"。

A. bonus奖金；B. quantity数量；C. income收入；D. fortune财富。

故选A.
（3）B. 推理判断题。

根据第三段""We wanted to know whether being in a state of hunger had a specific effect on how you make decisions only relating to food or if it had broader effects,and this research suggests decision-making gets more present-focused when people are hungry," Vincent said in a story about the study on the university's website. "You would predict that hunger would impact people's preferences relating to food, but it is not yet clear why people get more present-focused for completely unrelated rewards…"我们想知道，处于饥饿状态是否
会对你如何做决定产生特定影响，是否只与食物有关，或者是否会产生更广泛的影响，这项研究表明，当人们饥饿时，决策会更关注当下，"文森特在该大学网站上关于这项
研究的一篇文章中说。

"你可能会预测饥饿会影响人们对食物的偏好，但目前还不清楚
为什么人们会因为完全不相关的回报而更关注当下…..。

"可知饥饿的人会影响决定，所以我们能从文森特的研究中得出的结论是在做出重大决定之前，确保你不饿。

故选B. （4）D. 段落大意题。

根据最后一段" In an earlier study of the subject by a team at Cambridge University in England, the researchers noted that
serotonin （血清素） plays a major role in the decision-making process. "Since the raw material for making serotonin-an amino acid called tryptophan（色氨酸）- only comes from diet,levels
of the chemical decline between meals," reports a piece in the Telegraph about the study. "This can lead to aggressiveness and impulsiveness," say the team.
英国剑桥大学的一个研究小组早些时候对此课题进行了研究，研究人员指出，血清素在决策过程中起着重要作用。

"《每日电讯报》报道说："由于制造血清素（一种叫做色氨酸的氨基酸）的原材料只来自饮食，因此这种化学物质在两餐之间的含量会下降。

"这
会导致攻击性和冲动性。

"可知本段主要讲述了在做决定的过程中，化学物质是如何起
作用的。

故选D.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究结果：饥饿的人会影响决定，所以我们能从文森特的研究中得出的结论是在做出重大决定之前，确保你不饿。

1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。

3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

16.【答案】
【解析】（1）B．推理判断题。

根据前文Have you ever had that feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life more than you
are？Oh,man!You're missing out!你有没有过这样的感觉，别人比你更多地体验和享受生活？哦，伙计！你错过了！可知至少你可能是这么想的。

故选B．
（2）E．推理判断题。

根据后文It's so easy today to see what your friends are doing from the social media.今天很容易从社交媒体上看到你的朋友们
在做什么。

可知超过75%的年轻人说他们时不时会感觉到害怕错过。

故选E．
（3）C．细节理解题。

根据前文Rather than realizing this basic truth,though,we usually let
FoMO lead us to compare our lives with those of others on social me dia.
然而，我们并没有意识到这一基本真理，我们通常让FoMO带领我们将自己的生活与其他人在社交媒体上的生活进行比较．可知这肯定会让我们感到不满意。

故选C．
（4）F．推理判断题。

根据后文FoMO makes us check social media more frequently,leading to addiction and a negative cycle that can be hard to break.
害怕错过让我们更频繁地查看社交媒体，导致成瘾和一个很难打破的负面循环。

可知正如著名的西奥多•罗斯福所说："比较是快乐的小偷。

故选F．
（5）D．推理判断题。

根据后文Researchers advise that we stop looking to social media for happiness.研究人员建议我们不要再指望社交媒体来获得幸福。

可知那么，我们如何打破循环，避免害怕错过呢？故选D．
本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了一种害怕错过的感觉，在生活中经常见到。

关于七选五的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。

通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。

不同位置的句子有不同的特征。

步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。

步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。

步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。

步骤五：区分相似项。

21.【答案】
【解析】（1）A.考查名词及语境理解。

A.fault过错，故障；B.offer主动提议，建议；
C.guilt内疚，悔恨；
D.charge要价，收费。

句意：可能是我的错。

根据后文I don't always （2）before I open my mouth.For example,my kids would call to tell me about something that's been（3）them.As soon as they're finished,I go into mom mode.可知，作者在分析造成这种情况的原因可能是因为自己，自己的过错。

故选A项。

（2）D.考查动词词及语境理解。

A.predict预言，预测；B.hesitate犹豫，迟疑；C.panic。