牛津高中英语模块一定语从句详解附习题。

⽜津⾼中英语模块⼀定语从句详解附习题。

定语从句。

定义。

an e xciting mat ch:形容词可以放在名词之前作定语，来修饰名词
the book in my hand:介词短语可以放在名词之后作定语，来修饰名词。

但如果修饰名词的定语不是某⼀个词或短语，⽽是⼀个句⼦时，我们就要使⽤定语从句。

定语从句通常跟在所要修饰的中⼼名词（先⾏词）之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

定语从句相当于形容词或者介词短语的作⽤。

注意。

1.从句相当于整个句⼦的⼀个成分，因此，从句不能单独使⽤。

She saw that he was sleeping.(宾语从句)
I am re ading t he article w hich is about your e xperie nce in t he UK.(定语从句)
2.先⾏词
定语从句所修饰的词叫“先⾏词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，⽐定语从句先⾏⼀步。

先⾏词通常为⼈、物或者是事情。

e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.
3.关系词
从意义上说：先⾏词定语从句的组成部分从结构上说：先⾏词不在从句中出现
引导定语从句，并取代先⾏词在从句中的成分
e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.
关系词的功能：
1.关系词作主语（动作发出者）
The trees are on t he s chool campus. T hey have lost their leaves.
The trees whi ch are on the school campus have lost their leaves.
2. 关系词作宾语（动作接受者）
We saw the student j ust now. He is the best runner i n our school.
The st ude nt w hom we s aw just now is t he best r unner in our s chool.
3. 关系词作表语
Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boy
Jack is no longer t he lazy boy that he use d t o be.
4. 关系词作定语（通常为所有格）
She has a brother. I can’t remember his name.
She has a brother whose name I can’t remem ber.
5. 关系词作状语（时间状语、地点状语、原因状语）
The s chool where he studies is i n S henz hen.
4.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句。

关系词。

关系代词(re lative pronouns)
who, whom, w hich, that, as, whose等跟在先⾏词的后⾯，指代先⾏词，引出定语从句。

在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语的作⽤。

who的⽤法
先⾏词必须是⼈，作主语和宾语
e.g. The man w ho spoke at t he meeting t his morni ng is a f amous law yer. The girl who you saw just now is Jane.
作宾语时，可⽤w hom, that替换, 可以省略。

whom的⽤法
先⾏词必须是⼈，作宾语。

通常可以省略
e.g. The girl w hom / w ho / that you saw j ust now is Jane.
which的⽤法
先⾏词必须是事物，作主语和宾语
e.g. T his is the book whi ch / t hat w as written in e asy English by our Englis h teacher.
作主语时，关系词不可省略。

The pictures (w hich / that) he drew in the 1980s are on show.
作宾语时，关系词可以省略。

注意(whom & which)：
whom & w hich做介词宾语时，介词常可提前，即介词+w hom/w hich+从句，此时whom & whi ch不能由w ho或t hat代替，不能省略。

e.g. This is the man from whom your son always begs money.
The chair on w hich s he is sitting is made of wood.
但当介词置于从句末尾时，w hom可以由w ho或t hat代替，w hich可由t hat代替，都能省略。

e.g. This is the man (w hom / t hat / w ho) your s on always begs m oney fr om. 有⼀些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可拆开，⼀般还是放在动词之后，不提前。

He is the student who t he teachers are l ooki ng for.
The number of t he childre n w ho s he takes care of is 30.
动词短语是否可以拆分，关键看拆分后与拆分前的意思是否相同。

如果意思不变，可以拆分，否则不⾏。

that的⽤法
2)关系代词作表语，必须使⽤that，指代⼈或物，可以省略。

e.g. My fat her is no longer t he man (t hat) he was.
My hometow n is not the sm all town that it use d t o be twe nty years ago. 3)that的特殊⽤法
必须使⽤that的情况。

①当先⾏词是⼈+事物时。

e.g.The y talke d about t he teachers and s chools that the y had visited.
The police had gre at trouble i n diverting the men and the cars t hat had blocked the way.
②当先⾏词跟在系动词be后作表语，或关系词本⾝作定语从句的表语时，关系代词必须⽤that，但也可以省略
e.g.My father is no longer the man (that) he was.
He thought his daughter would be the dancer (t hat) s he always wanted to be. It’s a book (that) will help you a great deal.
③当先⾏词被形容词最⾼级、序数词如t he first, the last 等词修饰时。

e.g. This is the best film t hat I have ever s een.
This is the first choi ce that I have made.
She is t he m ost careful girl that I have ever know n.
This is the last letter that I re ceive d from him.
④当先⾏词前⾯有t he only, the very, one of, any, no, every, fe w, little等词修饰时。

e.g. The only person t hat seems to know t he tr uth is Doctor Brown.
Any person t hat wants t o s uccee d must work hard.
There is no difficulty t hat we can not over come.
I have read all the books that can be borrowed here.
⑤当先⾏词本⾝为不定代词如anything, somet hing, nothi ng, e verything, all, much, fe w, little, none, t he one时。

e.g.All that I want is peace and stability.
There is little that I can do.
There is not hing that I can tell you.
I have tried everything that I can think of.
I do not mean this one. I mean t he one that was bought yesterday.
注意：anybody, nobody, everybody等不在此列。

不能使⽤that的情况。

①当定语从句前有介词时，关系代词不能⽤t hat。

②that不能⽤于⾮限制性定于从句。

③当先⾏词为one, ones, anyone, those, 指⼈时，⽤w ho。

e.g.Those w ho learn not only from books but also t hrough practice will succee d.
④当先⾏词是he时，⽤w ho。

(多谚语)
e.g.He w ho plays with fire gets burnt.
⑤当先⾏词本⾝是t hat时，⽤whi ch或w ho避免重复不能⽤于⾮限制性定于从句。

e.g.What’s that w hich flas hed in t he s ky j ust now?
whose的⽤法
whose作定语从句中的定语，表⽰所修饰的“某（些）⼈的”或“某物的”。

e.g.The boy whose name is T om is t he t op student i n my c lass.
Look at the house w hose roof is re d.
注意：
当whose指代物时，w hose+从句结构=…of w hich+从句=of w hich the…+从句e.g. Look at t he house w hose r oof is red. Look at the house, the roof of w hich is red.
Look at the house, of w hich t he roof is red.
as的⽤法
1)as⽤于限制性定语从句
so …as；such…as；the same…as；
2)as⽤于⾮限制性定语从句。

代表所修饰的句⼦，作⽤相当于w hich，但⽐whi ch 多⼀层“正如”的意思。

e.g.She is very caref ul, as (= whi ch) her work s hows.
It is like a snake, as (= w hich) anybody can see.
但要注意，当as从句置于句⾸时，as不能由whi ch取代。

e.g. As he had hoped, he saw t he play.
3)as的习惯⽤语
as we all know众所周知
as is well-know n 众所周知
as has be en said before如上所述
as we had e xpe cted 正如⼈们所预料的那样
as anybody can see正如⼈⼈都看到的那样
as ofte n happe ns 正如经常发⽣的那样
关系副词(re lative adve rbs)
whe n, w here, w hy 等跟在先⾏词的后⾯，指代先⾏词，引出定语从句分别表⽰时间、地点和原因。

在从句中充当状语的作⽤。

1)whe n 在定语从句中作时间状语
when代替at / in / on / during/since w hich等，在定语从句中作时间状语。

2)whe re 在定语从句中作地点状语
where代替at / i n / to whi ch等，在定语从句中作地点状语。

3)why在定语从句中作原因状语
why引导从句作reason的定语，可以⽤for w hich取代，充当原因状语。

限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句
形式上
限制性定语从句前没有“，”
⾮限制性定语从句前有“，”
关系词
限制性定语从句中，关系词作宾语时可以省略，可以使⽤that
⾮限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略，不⽤t hat
意义上
限制性定语从句如果删除，主句意义不完整。

翻译成“……的”
⾮限制性定语从句只对先⾏词补充说明，删除后，主句仍然能够表达清楚
e.g.
Her br other who/t hat is now a soldier always e ncourages her to go t o college. 她那当兵的哥哥总是⿎励她上⼤学。

Her brot her, who is now a soldier, always e ncourages her t o go t o college. 她哥哥总是⿎励她上⼤学，她哥哥是当兵的。

其他考点
关系词的省略
只有关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略
The young man (who) you saw w as our manager.
There is s omething (t hat) we m ust kee p i n mind.
在表⽰⽅式的“the way”之后的定语从句有三种引导⽅式
I don’t like t he w ay you ans wered m y question.
I don’t like t he w ay that you answ ered m y question.
I don’t like t he w ay in w hich you ans wered my question.
定语从句中主谓⼀致的问题
Mr. Smith, who ______ now dow nstairs, ______ aski ng t o see you.
Mr. Smiths, who ______ now dow nstairs, ______ aski ng t o see you.
Jeff is one of the students who ______ punis hed.
Jeff is t he only one of the st ude nts w ho ______ punishe d.
I, w ho ______ a senior high st ude nt, s hould lear n hard
Keys：is,is;are,are;are;is;am.
that使⽤时候出现的⽭盾
1. The very chair on ________ s he is sitting is made of plastics.
2. My sister is a nurse, ______I am not.
Keys:whi ch;w ho.
请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。

2. This is the watch f or w hich T om is looking.
3. The pers on to w ho you spoke is a st ude nt of Grade Two.
4. The house in that we live is very small.
5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants t o grow.
6. I’ve read all t he books w hich I borrowe d fr om the library.
7. This is the best film w hich I have ever seen.
8. My fat her and Mr. Smith talked about t hings and pers ons who t hey remembered in the country.
9. Everyt hing w hich we saw was of great i nterest.
10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died.
11. The reason w hich he didn’t go to school is that he was ill.
12. Those w ho wants to go with me put up your hands.
13. The boy, his m other died last year, st udies very hard.
14. I have tw o sisters, both of t hem are doctors.
15. We’re goi ng t o visit the s chool where your brother works there.
16. He is the only one of the students w ho have bee n invited t o t he Englis h Eveni ng.
17. That is the way w hich t hey work.
18. Those have questions can as k t he teachers for advi ce.
19. Who is t he man who has white hairs?
20. I will never f orget t he days w hich we had a good time t oget her at t he sea.
答案与部分解析:
1. whe re→that/w hich或去掉w here。

2.把for放在looki ng之后。

英语中,有些短语动词,介词或副词不可与动词相分离。

⼜如:look after, run i nto等。

3. w ho→whom。

尽管在⼝语中w ho, w hom都能作宾语,但在介词后只能⽤w hom。

4. that→w hich。

5. that→w hich。

t hat不可以引导⾮限制性定语从句。

6. w hich→t hat或去掉w hich。

当先⾏词被all, e very, no,some, any, little等修饰时,常⽤that引导定语从句。

7. w hich→t hat或去掉w hich。

当先⾏词被序数词、形容词的最⾼级或t he only,the very等所修饰时,常⽤that引导定语从句。

8. who→t hat。

如果先⾏词既指⼈⼜指物时,常⽤t hat引导定语从句。

9. whi ch→that或去掉w hich。

当先⾏词为s omethi ng, anything,ever ything, not hing, all等时,常由t hat引导定语从句。

10. that→w hich。

11. whi ch→why/w hich前加f or或去掉w hich。

12. wants→want。

定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先⾏词⼀致。

13. his→w hos e。

14. them→w hom或bot h前加and。

16. have→has。

当one of+名词复数作先⾏词时,从句的谓语⽤复数;但是当one 前有the (only)时,从句谓语要⽤单数。

17. whi ch→that/whi ch前加in或去掉whi ch。

18. Those后加w ho。

19.第⼆个who→t hat。

当主句是以w ho 或w hich开头的疑问句时,定语从句常⽤that 引导, 以避免重复。

20. whi ch→when或w hich前加i n。

选择题
1．This is t he best factory ____we visited last year .
A. w here
B. w hich
C. in whi ch
D. t hat
2.Is this t he factory ____com puters are built ?
A. that
B. whi ch
C. i n w hich
D. i n that
3.please pass me t he dictionary ____cover is red .
A. whose
B.its
C. w hich
D. w hich of
4.The man ____has arrived .
A. whom I told you
B. that I told you
C. whom I told you about him
D. I tol d you about
5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ?
A. to whom
B. to w ho
C. w hom
D. t o t hat
6. They visited t he house ___the great writer was born .
A. from where
B. i n w hich
7. The comrade ___is spe aking at t he meeti ng is my teacher .
A. w hom
B. whi ch
C. w ho
D. w hose
8. He as ked us to w atch carefully everyt hing ___he did in class .
A. w ho
B. that
C. w hat
D. w here
9. I’ll visit the prof essor tom orrow ,___he will be back from Shanghai .
A. w ho
B. that
C. w hen
D. whi ch
10.The s chool ___I study is a new one .
A. on whi ch
B. at w here
C. on t hat
D. at w hich
11. China has many islands,____the largest is T aiwan .
A. in w hich
B. at w hich
C. w hich
D. of w hich
12. The city ____my mother grew up is not f ar from here .
A. w hat b. w here C. that D. w hich
13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door facts to the north .
A. w hich
B. his
C. t hat
D. w hose
14. Do you know t he m an ___your father nodded ?
15.Wresting is a s port i n ___people easily get hurt .
A. that
B. when
C. w hich
D. w hat
16. I told you ____I know .
A. all that
B. all w hich
C. all what
D. all whom
17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun .
A. of w hich
B. of w hom
C. of w ho
D. of t hem
18. Is this fact ory ____we visited last year ?
A. in w hich
B. around t hat
C. w hom
D. t he one
19. Who is the man ____was t here ?
A. w ho
B. whi ch
C. t hat
D. w hom
20. Is there anythi ng ____I can do f or you, sir ?
A. that
B. whi ch
C. whose
D. w ho
21. I still remember the day ____she first wore t hat gree n dress .
22. The knife ____we use d t o cut t he bread is very s harp .
A. with whi ch
B. with it
C. with that
D. w hich
23. The games ____the young me n competed i n were difficult .
A. in w hich
B. w hich
C. it
D. w ho
Key:
1-5DCCDA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 23 DA B
定语从句练习
1、The knife we use d to cut t he bread is very shar p.
A．which B．with C．with it D．with which
2、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.
A．of w hom B．by t hat C．by w hom D．by which
3、The clever boy made a hole i n t he w all, he could se e what it was going on inside the house. A．on w hich B．at w hich C．through whi ch D．in which
4、The beautiful dress Miss Jones we nt t o t he ball w as borrowe d from a friend of hers.
A．in w hich B．w orn by C．through whi ch D．on which
5、During t he days, he w orke d as a s ervant at the Brow ns’.
A．that f ollowed B．to follow
C．following D．followe d
6、Y ou may take anything usef ul .
A．which you want B．you want t hem
C．what you want D．you want
7、My hometow n is no longer t he s ame it use d t o be.
A．like B．that C．as
D．w hich
8、The old woman has two sons, one is a te acher.
9、Y ou can take any seat is free.
A．in w hich B．that C．where
D．w hich
10、Is there anyt hing to you?
A．that belong B．w hich belongs
C．that belongs D．that is belonged 11、We hope t o get such a tool he is using.
A．where B．that C．as
D．w hich
12、Finally came the day he had t o be gin his study for the next term.
A．till B．that C．since
D．w hich
13、She has n’t got enough money she buys the rings.
A．for w hich B．with whi ch C．that D．w hich 14、I’ve read all the books were borrow ed fr om the library. A．they B．w hich C．/
D．that
15、This is t he best hotel in the city I know.
A．it B．w here C．that
D．w hich
16、Is oxyge n t he onl y gas hel ps fire burn?
A．it B．w hich C．/ D．that 17、The Se cond World War millions of people were killed ended i n 1945. A．on w hich B．w here C．in t hat D．during which
18、The train she was traveling was late
A．on that B．for whi ch C．on w hich D．w hich
19、Winter is the time of year the days are s hort and nights are long.
A．on w hich B．that C．whe n
D．w here
20、I’ll show you a store you may buy all you ne ed.
A．that, that B．w hich, that C．where, whi ch
D．in whi ch, /
21、I still remember the day she first wore t hat pink dress.
A．on w hich B．on t hat C．in w hich
D．w hich
22、Do you know the re ason she got so angry yesterday ?
A．why B．w hich C．for t hat
D．for w hy
23、Is some German friends visited last week ?
A．this school w here B．this school
one
C．this t he s chool D．this s chool
24、Is there any one i n your class family is in the city.
A．whose B．w hich C．who’s D．w ho 25、Can you lend me t he book the ot her day ? A．which you talked B．that you talked
C．about that you tal ked D．you talked about
26、This is one of the best films this year.
A．which has bee n s hown B．that have bee n s hown
C．that have s hown D．have bee n s hown
27、Do you know the m an ?
A．that I spoke B．I spoke to
C．to w ho I spoke D．w hom I s poke
28、There are two thousand stude nts in our school, are girls.
A．two-thirds in whi ch B．two-thirds i n t hem
C．two-t hirds of t hem D．of whom tw o thirds
29、I have bought two ball-pens,writes well.
A．neither of t hem B．none of t hem
C．neither of whi ch D．none of w hich
30、He built a teles cope he could st udy the skies.
A．by it B．thr ough w hich C．with t hat
D．in whi ch
31、Do you know the re ason he was late?
A．for w hich B．for what C．whi ch D．that
32、has be en said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.
A．As B．T hat C．What D．W hich 33、John got beaten in the game,had bee n e xpe cted. A．who B．w hat C．that
D．as
34、They’re inve nted me to their party, is kind of t hem.
A．this B．that C．whi ch
D．as
35、Crusoe’s dog be came ill and died,made him very lonely.
A．this B．that C．whi ch
D．as
36、There is n’t s o m uch noise in t he country in big cities.
A．as B．w here C．whi ch D．that 37、I often thought of my childhood,I lived on a farm.
A．who B．w hen C．where
D．w hich
38、Next month,you’ll be i n your hometow n, is coming.
A．where B．w hen C．that D．w hich 39、The ne xt thi ng must be done is to make a plan.
A．which B．that C．whe n
D．/
40、He talke d happily about t he me n and books interested him
greatly in the school.
A．that B．w hen C．who
D．w hich
Ⅱ、Fill in the blanks：
1、This is t he profess or taught me chemistry in 1980 .
2、The hospital was built five years ago has bee n modernized.
3、This is t he boy father died three years ago.
4、The film we saw t he day bef ore yesterday is very interesting.
5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?
6、1949 is the year the People’s Re public of Chi na w as founde d.
7、They w ork in a f act ory makes radio parts.
8、They w ork in a f act ory radio parts are made.
9、This is t he vision phone t hrough we can see and talk t o our friends.
10、Here are players fr om Japan, some of are our ol d friends.
11、She lives in a small village,is only t hree miles from here.
12、She is goi ng to s pe nd the s ummer holidays in Shanghai,
she has s ome friends.
13、We’ll put off t he meeting till ne xt week,we w on’t be so busy.
14、The s un gives t he earth light and heat,is very important to the livi ng things.
15、Those want to go to t he com puter room write your names here.
16、He was ofte n late,made his te acher very angry.
17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?
18、He talke d about t he teachers and s chools he had visited. Ⅲ、Correct the mistakes in the following sente nces if the re
a re any:
1、He tol d us about the countries w here he had visited.
2、Egypt is a country w here is f amous f or its pyramids.
3、China is t he country where he spe nt t he best part of his life.
4、The days w hen we spe nt together cannot be e asily for gotten.
5、The house stands at the place t hat the two roads meet.
6、We s hall visit the college where his f ather teaches t here.
7、I know t he reas on that she looks s o w orried.
8、He left me t he book, that is very usef ul f or me.
9、This is t he room w hich f ood is kept.
10、April 15, 1976 is the day w hen we’ll ne ver forget.
11、The man came yesterday is our English teacher.
12、The st ude nts are playi ng football on the playground are of Class T w o .
13、This is all w hich I can do for you.
14、Can you think of anyone w ho’s house was here?
15、The watch t hat Mot her bought it for me works very well.
16、This is t he only book that were borrow ed fr om the library.
17、The day w hich s he had to leave arrived at last.
18、The doctor whom they want to se e have come.
19、Do you know the young man w hom has bee n chose n chairman?
20、The park stands at t he place that the two rivers meet.
21、A plane is a machi ne can fly.
22、It is one of the best pict ures w hich have been sold.
23、Those that want to go put up your hands.
24、This is t he knife with that the doct or did the operation.
25、Who is the man w hom you said hello just now?
【答案】:
Ⅰ、1、D 2、C 3、C 4、A
5、A
6、D
7、C
8、B
9、D
10、C
11、C 12、B 13、B 14、D
15、C
16、D 17、D 18、C 19、C
20、D
21、A 22、A 23、C 24、A
25、D
26、B 27、B 28、D 29、C
30、B
31、A 32、A 33、D 34、C
35、C
36、A 37、B 38、B 39、B
40、A
Ⅱ、1、w ho / t hat2、which / t hat3、whose
4、which / t hat
5、who / that
6、whe n
7、which / t hat
8、where
9、which 10、whom11、which
12、where
13、whe n 14、which 15、who
16、which
17、that18、that
Ⅲ、1、w here—t hat2、where—whi ch 3、√
4、whe n—t hat / w hich
5、that—w here
6、
去掉there
7、that—w hy 8、that—w hich
9、which—w here
10、whe n—whi ch / t hat11、man后⾯加who 12、stude nts 后⾯加w ho 13、which—that14、w ho’s—whose 15、
去掉it
16、were—was17、which—when 18、have—has
19、whom—w ho 20、that—w here
21、machine后⾯加whi ch / that22、which—t hat
23、that—w ho 24、that—w hich
25、whom—that。